6.3.4
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
What you need to do…• Everyone: Get out your Comp book and 44 Country Europe
Map.• Treasurer: Put up your flag and get your folder• Bishop: Get one glue stick for your group from the back
counter.• Sheriff: Get one page of notes for each person in your
group on the back table from the back counter..• Scribe: Use the gluestick to glue the notes into every
notebook in your group.• Lord: Make sure everyone in your group is doing the warm-
up
Agenda
• Go over 44 European Countries• Notes: Crusades• Questions for Crusades• Handout: Religious Society in the Middle Ages
Objectives
• Review the 44 European countries for the Map Test
• Understand the effect of the crusades on Europe
• Write high level question cornell notes• Learn about religious society in the middle
ages
CroatiaCroatia
SerbiaSerbiaBosniaBosniaandand
HerzegovinaHerzegovina
MontenegroMontenegroAlbaniaAlbania
MacedoniaMacedonia
GreeceGreece
RussiaRussia
UkraineUkraine
RomaniaRomania
MoldovaMoldova
EstoniaEstonia
LatviaLatvia
LithuaniaLithuania
BulgariaBulgaria
BelarusBelarus
RussiaRussia
PolandPoland
GermanyGermany
PolandPoland
Czech RepublicCzech Republic
AustriaAustria
SloveniaSlovenia
SlovakiaSlovakia
HungaryHungary
700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200
Muslims Conquer Palestine
Muslims Conquer Palestine
ReconquistaReconquista
800 800 700 AD700 AD
Church of the Holy
Sepulchre
Church of the Holy
Sepulchre
Toledo, Spain
Toledo, Spain
Discuss at your TableWhat three religions believe Jerusalem is a holy city?
Discuss at your TableWhat three religions believe Jerusalem is a holy city?
700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200
Muslims Conquer Palestine
Muslims Conquer Palestine
ReconquistaReconquista
800 800
700 1400 700 1400
First Crusade
First Crusade
Second CrusadeSecond Crusade
10951095 11471147
Third Crusade
Third Crusade
11871187
Fourth CrusadeFourth
Crusade
12021202
Magna Carta
Magna Carta
Hugh CapetHugh Capet Philip IIPhilip II
Discuss at your TablesHow do we know whose land “owns” a certain piece of land? Can you think of an example where people cannot agree on who owns a certain piece of land?
IV. The Crusades
It is necessary to look for the origin of a crusading ideal in the struggle between Christians and Muslims in Spain and consider how the idea of a holy war emerged from this background.—Norman F. Cantor
JihadJihadCrusadeCrusade
Reconquista
Reconquista
Her’imHer’im
ReviewWho was the Frankish leader who halted the Muslim advances at the Battle of Tours.
ReviewWho was the Frankish leader who halted the Muslim advances at the Battle of Tours.
Charles Martel
IV. The Crusades
A. Muslim Turks invade Byzantine Empire
1. Pope Urban II: Call to Capture Jerusalem
IV. The Crusades
A. Muslim Turks invade Byzantine Empire
1. Pope Urban II: Call to Capture Jerusalem
2. Free Holy land from Muslims
IV. The Crusades
A. Muslim Turks invade Byzantine Empire
1. Pope Urban II: Call to Capture Jerusalem
2. Free Holy land from Muslims
Council of ClermontCouncil of Clermont
"Although…you have promised…to keep the peace…there remains still an important work for you to do…your brethren who live in the east are in urgent need of your help, and you must hasten to give them the aid which has often been promised them.” –Pope Urban II
IV. The Crusades
A. Muslim Turks invade Byzantine Empire
1. Pope Urban II: Call to Capture Jerusalem
2. Free Holy land from Muslims
B. First Crusade1. Crusaders capture
Jerusalem
IV. The Crusades
A. Muslim Turks invade Byzantine Empire
1. Pope Urban II: Call to Capture Jerusalem
2. Free Holy land from Muslims
B. First Crusade1. Crusaders capture
Jerusalem2. Four Crusader states
EdessaEdessa
TripoliTripoli
AntiochAntioch
JerusalemJerusalem
IV. The Crusades
C. Second Crusade1. Muslims fight back2. Saladin: Egyptian ruler
who captured Jerusalem
IV. The Crusades
C. Second Crusade1. Muslims fight back2. Saladin: Egyptian ruler
who captured Jerusalem
D. Third Crusade1. France, Germany and
the Holy Roman Empire joined together to fight Saladin
2. Ended in a truce
IV. The Crusades
E. Fourth Crusade1. Merchants used it as
an excuse to sack Constantinople.
2. Weakened Byzantine Empire
F. Later Crusades were very unsuccessful and Muslims regained the land lost to Christians.
WestWest
EastEast
Great SchismGreat Schism
IV. Effects of the Crusades
G. Effects of Crusades1. Helped break down
feudalism.2. Increased trade
between Europe and the Middle East
Costa’s Questions
Level One Level Two Level Three
Define Analyze Evaluate
Describe Compare Hypothesize
List Contrast Imagine
Observe Group Judge
Recite Infer Predict
Costa’s Questions
Level One Level Two Level Three
Define Analyze Evaluate
Describe Compare Hypothesize
List Contrast Imagine
Observe Group Judge
Recite Infer Predict
Example Level One Question
Define the term crusade.
Costa’s Questions
Level One Level Two Level Three
Define Analyze Evaluate
Describe Compare Hypothesize
List Contrast Imagine
Observe Group Judge
Recite Infer Predict
Costa’s Questions
Level One Level Two Level Three
Define Analyze Evaluate
Describe Compare Hypothesize
List Contrast Imagine
Observe Group Judge
Recite Infer Predict
Example Level Two Question
Compare the first crusade and the second crusade. How were they the same and how were they different?
Costa’s Questions
Level One Level Two Level Three
Define Analyze Evaluate
Describe Compare Hypothesize
List Contrast Imagine
Observe Group Judge
Recite Infer Predict
Costa’s Questions
Level One Level Two Level Three
Define Analyze Evaluate
Describe Compare Hypothesize
List Contrast Imagine
Observe Group Judge
Recite Infer Predict
Example Level Three Question
How might the world have been different if the Europeans had won the third crusade instead of calling a truce with Saladin?
Your Job for the rest of the period…
• Write a level one, level two, and level three question for Crusades Section
• Raise your hand when your group has finished so Mr. Kam can check your questions
• Start working on the Religious Society handout
• Work on homework or study map
Costa’s Questions
Level One Level Two Level Three
Define Analyze Evaluate
Describe Compare Hypothesize
List Contrast Imagine
Observe Group Judge
Recite Infer Predict
I. Religious and Society
Questions• Level 1 (describe): What new
religious orders developed during the Middle ages?
• Level 2 (infer): From the text, what can you infer about Bernard’s attitudes toward war?
• Level 3 (imagine): What might a world look like if all people defended the poor like Bernard of Clairvaux?
NotesA. New religious orders
developed1. Cistercian Monks: Farmed
the land as well as worshipped and prayed.
2. Bernard of Clairvaux: Promoted the second crusade, advised the pope, and defended the poor
I. Religious and Society
Questions• Level 1: Name the place
where nuns lived.• Level 2 (Compare):
Compare and contrast monks and friars.
• Level 3 (hypothesize): How common do you think it was for women to write music for the Catholic church?
NotesB. Convents: Place where
nuns lived. One particularly famous nun was Hildegard of Bingen who wrote music for the church.
C. Monastaries: Place where monks lived
Friars Monks
Went out into the world to preach
Stayed in monasteries separate from the world.
I. Religious and Society
Questions• Level 1 (list): Who was the
founder of the Franciscans• Level 2 (Compare): After
analysis of the different orders, were Dominicans more like Friars or more like Monks?
• Level 3 (predict): Are there still people today that defend their church teachings?
NotesD. Franciscans and
Dominicans1. Franciscans founded by St.
Francis of Assisi and taught Christianity to the people.
2. Dominicans: Goal was to defend church teachings.
I. Religious and Society
Questions• Level 1 (define): What are
sacraments?• Level 2 (Compare): Compare
the Catholic church sacraments to the Russian Orthodox sacraments.
• Level 3 (evaluate): Why might the church have rituals? What are their importance in the Catholic church?
NotesE. Catholic Church: Life
revolved around the Catholic church. The Catholic worship service was known as mass. During these service, Christians took part in church rituals called sacraments (the most important being communion)
I. Religious and Society
Questions• Level 1 (define): Define
saints.• Level 2 (analyze): Analyze
the pros and cons of having saints in a religion.
• Level 3 (judge): Are saints needed to have a religion?
NotesF. In the Catholic tradition,
Christians often prayed to saints who were holy men and women who had died and Christians believed were in heaven. Mary (the mother of God) was the most important saint.
I. Religious and Society
Questions NotesG. Heresy: Practices that go
against the churchH. Anti-Semitism: Hatred of
the Jews.
II. Medieval Culture
II. Medieval Culture
A. Architecture1. Showed importance of
religion in the middle ages
2. Cathedrals: Large Churches
a) Romanesque
SymmetricalSymmetrical MirrorMirror
II. Medieval Culture
A. Architecture1. Showed importance of
religion in the middle ages
2. Cathedrals: Large Churches
a) Romanesqueb) Gothic
II. Medieval Culture
A. Architecture1. Showed importance of
religion in the middle ages
2. Cathedrals: Large Churches
a) Romanesqueb) Gothic
II. Medieval Culture
A. Architecture1. Showed importance of
religion in the middle ages
2. Cathedrals: Large Churches
a) Romanesqueb) Gothic
II. Medieval Culture
A. Architecture1. Showed importance of
religion in the middle ages
2. Cathedrals: Large Churches
a) Romanesqueb) Gothic
Barrel VaultBarrel Vault
II. Medieval Culture
A. Architecture1. Showed importance of
religion in the middle ages
2. Cathedrals: Large Churches
a) Romanesqueb) Gothic
Ribbed VaultRibbed Vault
II. Medieval Culture
A. Architecture1. Showed importance of
religion in the middle ages
2. Cathedrals: Large Churches
a) Romanesqueb) Gothic
Ribbed VaultRibbed Vault
II. Medieval Culture
A. Architecture1. Showed importance of
religion in the middle ages
2. Cathedrals: Large Churches
a) Romanesqueb) Gothic
Ribbed VaultRibbed Vault
II. Medieval Culture
A. Architecture1. Showed importance of
religion in the middle ages
2. Cathedrals: Large Churches
a) Romanesqueb) Gothic
Flying ButtressesFlying Buttresses
II. Medieval Culture
A. Architecture1. Showed importance of
religion in the middle ages
2. Cathedrals: Large Churches
a) Romanesqueb) Gothic
Flying ButtressesFlying Buttresses
II. Medieval Culture
B. Oxford University1. One of the first
Universities in England2. Could earn doctorate in
law, medicine or theology (study of God)
II. Medieval Culture
C. Thomas Aquinas1. Changed the study of
theology2. Scholasticism:
Combined church teachings with Aristotle
3. Natural Law: Some laws are part of human nature.
II. Medieval Culture
D. Vernacular Literature1. Language of the
people.2. Troubadour poetry3. Heroic Epic4. The Song of Roland
ParliamentParliament
SaladinSaladin
CzarCzar
Trial JuryTrial Jury
ClergyClergy
Common LawCommon Law
Habeas CorpusHabeas Corpus
Magna CartaMagna CartaCrusadeCrusade
Effects of the CrusadesEffects of the Crusades
VernacularVernacular
TheologyTheology
Anti-SemitismAnti-Semitism
HeresyHeresy
MassMass
NunsNuns
CathedralsCathedrals
UniversitiesUniversities
Thomas AquinasThomas Aquinas