2014-2015 oceanographic anomalies in the gulf of alaska
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www.gulfwatchalaska.org
2014-2015 Oceanographic Anomalies in the Gulf of Alaska
Kris HolderiedNOAA/National Ocean Service Kasitsna Bay Laboratory
Russ Hopcroft, Tom Weingartner, Sonia Batten,Rob Campbell, Seth Danielson, Angela Doroff
Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council
2014-2015 anomalies: Gulf of AlaskaSatellite SST Anomaly – March 2015 (R. Thoman)
Gulf of Alaska oceanography
ACC
CookInlet
Prince WilliamSound
Seward
KachemakBay
Coastal Alaska: Local influences
Kachemak Bay, Cook Inlet
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Gulf Watch Alaska Oceanography
Seldovia
Seward
CookInlet
Prince WilliamSound
KachemakBay
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Coastal Anomalies: GAK1 mooring
T. WeingartnerS. Danielson
Temperature Salinity
0-100 m
100-200 m
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Shelf WaterTemperature & Salinity
Coast Slope
WARM
R. Hopcroft
T
S
Seward Line Hydrography
• 2006-2012 coastal (GAK1) temperatures were mostly cooler than 1970-2014 long-term trend line
• Late summer 2013 was anomalously salty and cool across the Seward Line
• 2014 warmed and freshened
• 2014 warming stands out along with the El Nino events of 1997/8 & 2002/3
September 2013
September 2014
Anomaly (°C & PSU)
2013-2014 T & S anomalies not uniform with depth–vertical stratification change
Possible impacts on euphotic zone nutrient supply and cycling?
T S
T S
Coast Slope
S. Danielson, R. Hopcroft, T. Weingartner
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Estuary temperatures: 2004-2014Seldovia Harbor - Kachemak Bay, Cook Inlet
A. DoroffK. Holderied
Data: Kachemak Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve station
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Zooplankton
WARM COOL
2004-2014 Kachemak Bay Water Temperatures
WARMCOOL
A. DoroffK. Holderied
Estuary-shelf water temperature
comparison
GAK1 mooring (shelf, 25m)
Kachemak Bay(Seldovia, 5 m)
Coherent, >90 days
K. HolderiedT. Weingartner
Estuary: Central Prince William SoundTemperature anomalies from CTD casts: 1975-2014
R. Campbell
20141975
2 m
200 m
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Gulf Watch Alaska Zooplankton
Seldovia
Calanus pacificus
1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014
Mean
Ab
un
dan
ce (
No
m-3
)
0
20
40
60
80
100Mesocalanus tenuicornis
1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014
Me
an
Ab
un
da
nc
e (
No
m-3
)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
10
12
14
Paracalanus parva
1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014
Me
an
Ab
un
da
nc
e (
No
m-3
)
0
100
200
300
400Clausocalanus spp.
1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014
Me
an
Ab
un
da
nc
e (
No
m-3
)
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
2014 anomaly: Seward Line zooplankton4 southern copepod species: 1998-2014
R. Hopcroft
2014 anomaly: Zooplankton on shelfContinuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) time series: 2000-2014
Long term monthly mean (2000-2013)Long term monthly minimum/maximum (2000-2013)Provisional 2014 monthly meanFinalized 2014 monthly mean S. Batten
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Questions?
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