20100407 biomass standards ukraine delegation
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Ukraine delegation, NL Agency Utrecht, 7 April 2010
Standards as instrument to
facilitate trade in biomass
Jarno Dakhorst, NEN Energy Resources
Standards as instrument to facilate trade in biomass 2
Outline
• Introduction into standardization
• Gaseous and liquid biofuels
• Solid biofuels
• Biogas
• Sustainability of biomass
• Summary and conclusions
Standards as instrument to facilate trade in biomass 3
Introduction into standardization (1)
Standards…
• … are documents with agreements on products,
services and systems
• ... are designed for voluntary use
• ... contribute to:
– (inter)national strength of competition
– innovation
– health, safety and environment
– image
• ... are in accordance with WTO
Standards as instrument to facilate trade in biomass 4
Introduction into standardization (2)
Overcoming trade barriers
Vision ISO/TC 67 (oil & gas):
Global standards used locally worldwide
Standards as instrument to facilate trade in biomass 5
Introduction into standardization (3)
Unambiguous communication
Standards as instrument to facilate trade in biomass 6
Introduction into standardization (4)
Standards are important tool for:
• Self-regulation:
standards for processes, procedures, assessment,
certification, benchmarking, classifications, codes of
conduct, etc. => own responsibility!
• Regulation (by way of assignment):
law refers to standard or ‘equivalent’, conformity
assessment (CE)
Standards as instrument to facilate trade in biomass 7
Introduction into standardization (5)
Standardization …
• … is an open process => all parties concerned invited
to participate for broad support
• … is developing agreements based on consensus =>
no sustained opposition
• … is transparent => agreements are publicly available
for comments and use
• … takes place on three levels:
– national (e.g. DSSU, NEN)
– regional (e.g. CEN, GSO)
– international (e.g. ISO, IEC)
Standards as instrument to facilate trade in biomass 8
Introduction into standardization (6)
CEN community:
• 31 members and 19
affiliates (incl. Ukraine)
• 400 European
federations in liaison
• 300 active technical
committees
• about 70 000 experts
• almost 14 000 standards
Standards as instrument to facilate trade in biomass 9
Introduction into standardization (7)
ISO community:
• 159 members (105 member bodies, 43 correspondent
members, 11 subscriber members)
• about 600 liaisons organization
• over 200 technical committees
and almost 2 500 working groups
active
• over 18 000 standards
Standards as instrument to facilate trade in biomass 10
Introduction into standardization (8)
Drafting a European Standard (EN)
National Standards
Body
Timeframe: 3 years
Technical Committee
Technical Committee
Project
proposal
Working Group
USER
Draft
Standard
European
Standard
Circulation for
comments
Weighted
vote of all
NSBs
Standards as instrument to facilate trade in biomass 11
Introduction into standardization (9)
Drafting an International
Standard (ISO)
Timeframe:
default track
36 months
Standards as instrument to facilate trade in biomass 12
Standards gaseous & liquid biofuels (1)
• Europe => CEN/TC 19 Gaseous and liquid fuels, lubricants
and related products of petroleum, synthetic and biological origin
– Dutch chair & secretary (NEN)
– many working groups & task forces
– mandates from EC for (bio)fuel specifications
• International => ISO/TC 28 Petroleum products and
lubricants
– SC/7 on biofuels, but no work items yet
Standards as instrument to facilate trade in biomass 13
Standards gaseous & liquid biofuels (2)
Ethanol related standards:
• EN 15376 Automotive fuels - Ethanol as a blending
component for petrol - Requirements and test methods
=> currently revised to apply as component for 10% blending
• EN 228 Automotive fuels - Unleaded petrol - Requirements
and test methods
=> 5% blending with ethanol (conform EN 15376) possible,
currently revised for 10% blending
• CWA 15293 => prEN 15293 Automotive fuels - Ethanol
E85 - Requirements and test methods
=> might be first published as CEN/TS 15293
Standards as instrument to facilate trade in biomass 14
Standards gaseous & liquid biofuels (3)
Biodiesel related standards:
• EN 14214 Automotive fuels - Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) for
diesel engines - Requirements and test methods
• EN 590 Automotive fuels - Diesel - Requirements and test methods
=> 7% blending with FAME (conform EN 14214) possible, aiming at
10% blending but more testing needed
• CWA 15145 Automotive fuels – Water in diesel fuel emulsions for
use in internal combustion engines – Requirements and test
methods
• CWA 15490 Automotive fuels – Paraffinic diesel from synthesis or
hydrotreatment – Requirements and test methods (GTL and BTL)
Standards as instrument to facilate trade in biomass 15
Standards gaseous & liquid biofuels (4)
New developments:
• CWA for pure vegetable oil
– 2ndVegOil & Biofuel Cities projects (EC framework programme)
– heavy-duty engines, fleet purposes, mainly agricultural
machinery and perhaps heating
– inter alia based on DIN V 51605 Fuels for vegetable oil
compatible combustion engines - Fuel from rapeseed oil -
Requirements and test methods
– feedstock independent
– kick-off CEN workshop today!
– also open for not CEN members
Standards as instrument to facilate trade in biomass 16
Standards gaseous & liquid biofuels (5)
New developments (continued):
• European Standard on B30
– accelerated by Biofuel Cities project
– proposed as CWA, but approved as new work item in CEN/TC 19
– first meeting in May 2010
• European Standard on biomethane as automotive fuel
– awaiting for official mandate from EC
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Standards gaseous & liquid biofuels (6)
Impact standards bio-ethanol (E85)
CWA 15293:2005 Source: eBIO
Standards as instrument to facilate trade in biomass 18
Standards gaseous & liquid biofuels (7)
Impact standards biodiesel (FAME)
EN 14214:2003 Source: EBB
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Standards solid biofuels (1)
• National => NC 310 029 Solid biofuels
– one standard related to subsidy scheme
– other standards brought forward in CEN
• Europe => CEN/TC 335 Solid biofuels & CEN/TC 343 Solid recovered fuels
– number of working groups with Dutch chair & secretary (NEN)
– mandates from EC for specifications relevant characteristics
and origin of fuel
– many CEN/TS & CEN/TR currently upgraded to EN
• International => ISO/TC 238 Solid biofuels
– (draft) work programme comparable with CEN/TC 335
Standards as instrument to facilate trade in biomass 20
Standards solid biofuels (2)
• NTA 8003 Classification of biomass for energy applications
(Dutch only):
– system for classification of biomass, based on:
> typology and origin [3-digits, table 1]
> moisture content [mass percentage (A or S)]
> caloric value [in MJ/kg (A, B of S)]
> form [short description & size in cm]
example: 122 / 15,0 (S) / 17,4 (B) / chips [dmax < 5,0]
A = analysis, B = calculation, S = estimate
– used in subsidy scheme renewable energy sources
=> excluding biomass flows with high sustainability risks
Standards as instrument to facilate trade in biomass 21
Standards solid biofuels (3)
• CEN/TS 14588 => prEN 14588 Solid biofuels –
Terminology, definitions and description
• (pr)EN 14961 series Solid biofuels – Fuel specifications and
classes
– part 1: general requirements
– part 2-6: wood products for non-industrial use
• CEN/TS 15234 => prEN 15234 series Solid biofuels –
Fuel quality assurance
– part 1: general requirements
– part 2-6: wood products for non-industrial use
Standards as instrument to facilate trade in biomass 22
Standards solid biofuels (4)
• CEN/TS 14778 series => prEN 14778 Solid biofuels –
Methods for sampling
• CEN/TS 14779 => prEN 14779 Solid biofuels – Methods
for preparing sampling plans and sampling certificates
• CEN/TS 14780 => prEN 14780 Solid biofuels – Methods
for sample preparation
• EN 14774 series Solid biofuels – Determination of moisture
content – Oven dry method
• EN 14775 Solid biofuels – Determination of ash content
• CEN/TS 15149 series => prEN 15149 series Solid
biofuels – Determination of particle size
Standards as instrument to facilate trade in biomass 23
Standards solid biofuels (5)
• CEN/TS 15150 => prEN 15150 Solid biofuels – Methods
for determination of particle density
• CEN/TS 15103 => EN 15103 Solid biofuels – Methods for
determination of bulk density
• CEN/TS 14918 => EN 14918 Solid biofuels – Determination
of caloric value
• CEN/TS 15210 series => prEN 15210 series Solid
biofuels – Determination of mechanical durability of pellets and
briquettes
• … and other standards concerning determination
methods
Standards as instrument to facilate trade in biomass 24
Standards biogas (1)
Relatively new:
• EC from mandate in development for:
– biomethane for automotive fuel (CEN/TC 19)
– biomethane for injection in grid (CEN/TC 234/WG 9)
• National standards (e.g. SS 155438 Motor fuels - Biogas
as fuel for high-speed otto engines)
Standards as instrument to facilate trade in biomass 25
Standards biogas (2)
Relatively new (continued):
• Chinese proposal for new ISO/PC on biogas:
– terminology
– design, construction, commission, check and test of small biogas
facilities and medium sized and large scale biogas plants
– design, manufacture, installation and inspection of biogas
equipment, products for biogas application, equipment and
facilities for biogas power generation
– use of digested solid and liquid biogas
– appraisal of technical, economical and environmental benefits of
biogas facilities
Standards as instrument to facilate trade in biomass 26
Standards biogas (3)
Challenges biogas:
• Many sources:
– residues (e.g. agriculture, agrofood)
– energy crops
– waste gases (e.g. landfills, sewage treatment)
• Many processes:
– gasification
– (co)digestion
– upgrading and refinery
– transport, storage and transhipment
Standards as instrument to facilate trade in biomass 27
Standards biogas (4)
Challenges biogas (continued):
• Many applications:
– injection in grid
– transport
– energy (e.g. CHP)
– chemicals
• More standards might be needed to (not exhaustive):
– create clarity
– establish state of the art
– overcome barriers to trade
Standards as instrument to facilate trade in biomass 28
Standards sustainability of biomass (1)
• National => WG NTA 8080 & CoE NTA 8081 Sustainably produced biomass for energy purposes
– standard based on Cramer criteria
– system for certification to this standard
• Europe => CEN/TC 383 Sustainably produced biomass for
energy applications
– Dutch proposal (via Environment Ministry) early 2008
– Dutch chair & secretary (NEN)
– RED related issues at this moment
Standards as instrument to facilate trade in biomass 29
Standards sustainability of biomass (2)
• International => ISO/PC 248 Sustainability criteria for
bioenergy
– proposal for new work item in September 2008
– preliminary meeting in June 2009 => recommendations
– first plenary meeting in April 2010 => define scope, structure
and work programme
Standards as instrument to facilate trade in biomass 30
Standards sustainability of biomass (3)
• NTA 8080 Sustainability criteria for biomass for energy
purposes (both in Dutch & English):
– developed by broadly composed working group (industry,
NGOs and government)
– developed in timeframe of 8 months
– translation of Cramer criteria in verifiable requirements
– requirements applicable to primary biomass producers except
for greenhouse gas calculation
– residues => list of exceptions (based on NTA 8003)
– small-holders => some exemptions or group certification
– based on continuous improvement (PDCA cycle)
– chain of custody => all models possible
Standards as instrument to facilate trade in biomass 31
Standards sustainability of biomass (4)
• NTA 8081 Certification scheme for sustainably produced
biomass for energy purposes (both in Dutch & English):
– developed and owned by broadly composed committee of
experts (industry, NGOs and government)
– developed in timeframe of 12 months
– validated by national and international projects
– resulted in first interpretation document and modifications in
scheme
– chain of custody => elaboration of mass balance
– web portal www.nta8080.org
– next steps: acknowledgement by Dutch Accreditation Council
and by EC for instrument to demonstrate RED compliance
Standards as instrument to facilate trade in biomass 32
Standards sustainability of biomass (5)
• NTA 8081 (continued):
– scope of scheme
– requirements to certifying bodies and auditor(s)
– audit effort in man-days
– method of conformity assessment
– assessment frequency and validity of certificate
– 'minor' & 'major' non-conformities and way to deal with
– necessary information for register and report
– way of complaints, objection, appeal, suspension and de-
registration
Standards as instrument to facilate trade in biomass 33
Standards sustainability of biomass (6)
• Work items CEN/TC 383:
– terminology
– calculation of greenhouse gas balance
– biodiversity and environmental aspects => nature protection purposes, highly biodiverse non-natural
grassland, peatland
– verification & auditing => conformity assessment including chain of custody
Other work items might be re-activated later on this year
Standards as instrument to facilate trade in biomass 34
Standards sustainability of biomass (7)
• Possible work items ISO/PC 248:
– terminology
– greenhouse gases
– environmental aspects
– social aspects
– economic aspects
– verification and auditing
– indirect effects
ISO is aware of other initiatives on sustainability
Standards as instrument to facilate trade in biomass 35
Summary and conclusions
• Standards are useful instruments to facilitate trade
• Many standards on biomass issues published or
currently developed or revised, preferably on
international level, but (in this case) first within Europe
or nationally
• Standards are efficient instruments to support national
and EU targets on renewables (e.g. EC mandates)
Standards as instrument to facilate trade in biomass 36
Thank you for your attention
NEN Energy Resources
energy@nen.nl
+31-15-2 690 326
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