12 lessons from recent philippine disasters - dr. alfredo mahar francisco a. lagmay
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Lessons from recent
Philippine disasters
Alfredo Mahar Francisco A. LagmayNational Institute of Geological Sciences, University of the
Philippines
U.P. Academic Forum on Climate Change Photo from Boston.com
Dec 2005 Typhoon Quedon
Mindoro Flooding US$ 0.5 million
Feb. 17, 2006 Guinsaugon landslide 1126 dead US$ 2.203 million
GuinsaugonPopulation = 1,857
Nov. 30, 2006 Typhoon Durian 1399 dead US$ 66.4 million
Padang
Bongga
DaragaCamalig
Basud
Guinobatan
June 20, 2008 Typhoon Fenshen 644 dead US$ 135 million
1. Timely and accurate prediction of rainfall
(TRMM and automated rain/river
gauges)
2. Accurate Topography
(Light Detection and Ranging)
Advanced technologies needed for
disaster mitigation
Tropical Rainfall Mapping Mission
• Armed with both a passive microwave
sensor and a space-borne precipitation
radar
• The primary objective of the Tropical
Rainfall Measuring Mission satellite (better
known as TRMM) is to measure rainfall
from space.
NASA SATELLITE GREATLY IMPROVES
ACCURACY OF TROPICAL RAINFALL
FORECASTING
NASA, Jan 12, 2000 by David E. Steitz, Allen Kenitzer, Stephanie Kenitzer
New research shows that adding rainfall data from NASA's Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite and other meteorological satellites to forecast models can more than triple the accuracy of short-term rainfall forecasts.
These model properties are then used to predict the rainfall for three days into the future, with remarkable success.
TRMM uses
• Alternative and supplement to ground-
based observations for cost-effective flood
prediction in under-gauged regions
• NASA Applied Science Program in
partnership with USAID and African-
RCMRD to implement an operational
water-hazard warning system
• To build disaster management capacity
Latest 3 Hourly Global Rainfall
Latest Week of Global Rainfall
Accumulation
Latest hurricanes and typhoons
observed by the TRMM satellite.
Telemetric rain gauge data sent
directly to NASA ground validation
team via the internet
Designs of UP (CP David)
and Ateneo (MO)
To be put in cell phone
towers and churches.
+ project rain gauge
Hazard map scales
National Scale
• 1:50,000-1:100,000
• Accuracy is low -
Whole river basin
• Broad scale planning for major emergencies
• Members of public are interested in flood risk that applies to them
Local scale
• 1:5,000 to 1:25,000
• Accuracy is high - Cadastral level; Lidar
• Planning of localised emergency response (i.e. evacuation and access routes, road closures)
• Public awareness
Accurate local level,
high resolution
hazard maps is a
key element to effective
disaster preparedness!
2m Resolution
LIDAR DSM
Al Duncan, Geomatic Group, UK
1m Resolution
LIDAR DSM
Al Duncan, Geomatic Group, UK
50cm Resolution
LIDAR DSM
Al Duncan, Geomatic Group, UK
25cm Resolution
LIDAR DSM
Al Duncan, Geomatic Group, UK
Al Duncan, Geomatic Group, UK
Al Duncan, Geomatic Group, UK
Optech Lynx™
Mobile Mapper
Mobile
Terrestrial
LIDAR
Al Duncan, Geomatic Group, UK
Al Duncan, Geomatic Group, UK
United Kingdom Philippines
Al Duncan, Geomatic Group, UK
Integrated spatial data
Flood risk model, 48 hour event
(Model type = 2D, Tuflow model, 1m resolution LIDAR data used)
Al Duncan, Geomatic Group, UK
Modelling Flood Depth
Al Duncan, Geomatic Group, UK
Modelling Flood Velocity
Al Duncan, Geomatic Group, UK
Integrated spatial data
© Crown Copyright. All rights reserved. Environment Agency, 100026380, 2009.
Scenario 6: Fluvial Flood Model – 7 Return Periods
Viewpoint A
X = 542290
Y = 108900
Z = 400m
Direction 346
Integrated spatial data
© Crown Copyright. All rights reserved. Environment Agency, 100026380, 2009.
Scenario 2: Fluvial 1 in 2 year, Tidal 1 in 200 year, Plus Climate Change
Viewpoint A
X = 542290
Y = 108900
Z = 400m
Direction 346
Integrated spatial data
© Crown Copyright. All rights reserved. Environment Agency, 100026380, 2009.
Scenario 1: Fluvial 1 in 2 year, Tidal 1 in 200 year
Viewpoint A
X = 542290
Y = 108900
Z = 400m
Direction 346
Integrated spatial data
© Crown Copyright. All rights reserved. Environment Agency, 100026380, 2009.
Scenario 3: Fluvial 1 in 100 year, MHWS Tide
Viewpoint A
X = 542290
Y = 108900
Z = 400m
Direction 346
Integrated spatial data
© Crown Copyright. All rights reserved. Environment Agency, 100026380, 2009.
Scenario 4: Fluvial 1 in 100 year, MHWS Tide, Plus Climate Change
Viewpoint A
X = 542290
Y = 108900
Z = 400m
Direction 346
Integrated spatial data
© Crown Copyright. All rights reserved. Environment Agency, 100026380, 2009.
Scenario 5: Flood Zones Map – 1 in 1,000 year modelled flood
Viewpoint A
X = 542290
Y = 108900
Z = 400m
Direction 346
GIS enabled website – OS Topographic Map
GIS enabled website – Aerial Photography
GIS enabled website – Historic Flood Map
GIS enabled website – Modelled Flood Map
Investing in knowledge
• Space-based radar, automated rain/river
gauge systems and LIDAR are all readily
available.
• Any serious hazard mitigation program
would have to capitalize on these
technologies.
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