mahar thatipahtarna (singapore) 2016 (dec)

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puFmylEkdifiH

MAHAMUNI BUDDHIST SOCIETY

oifwef;om;^olrsm;tm;

ykdYcsoifMum;tyfaom

&efukefNrdKU? tvkdawmfjynfh "r®mp&d,wuúokdvf

ppfawGNrdKU? &ckdifjynfe,f "r®mp&d,wuúokdvf

vSnf;ul;NrdKU? "r®mp&d,O,smOfausmif;wkduf em,ucsKyfq&mawmf

b'´EÅokpdwåmbd0Ho

\

"r®eDwdoifwef;

(24. 25? 6? 2017 rS 1. 2? 7? 2017 xd)

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24

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qkawmif;yw¬emqkawmif;yw¬emqkawmif;yw¬emqkawmif;yw¬emqkawmif;yw¬em

£rdem yknuar®e?£rdem yknuar®e?£rdem yknuar®e?£rdem yknuar®e?£rdem yknuar®e? oDCH yayÜgrd edAÁKwoDCH yayÜgrd edAÁKwoDCH yayÜgrd edAÁKwoDCH yayÜgrd edAÁKwoDCH yayÜgrd edAÁKw ð/ð/ð/ð/ð/

tEÅ&m ZmwdZmwDok? ba0 t"duyn0g/tEÅ&m ZmwdZmwDok? ba0 t"duyn0g/tEÅ&m ZmwdZmwDok? ba0 t"duyn0g/tEÅ&m ZmwdZmwDok? ba0 t"duyn0g/tEÅ&m ZmwdZmwDok? ba0 t"duyn0g/

£rdem yknuar®e£rdem yknuar®e£rdem yknuar®e£rdem yknuar®e£rdem yknuar®e = "r®cifrif? olawmfpifwkdY? jzLpif aumif;usKd;? yGm;wkd;ap&ef?

qErGefjzifh? vGefpGmBudK;ukwf?tm;xkwfyg&? þaumif;rIuH

apwemaMumifh/

edAÁKwedAÁKwedAÁKwedAÁKwedAÁKw ðð ðð ð = &m*ç a'go? arm[xdefnD;? q,fwpfoD;aomrD;wkdY\?

Nidrf;at;&mrSef? jynfedAÁmefukd/

oDCHoDCHoDCHoDCHoDCH = tvsiftjref? raES;uefbJ/

yayÜgrdyayÜgrdyayÜgrdyayÜgrdyayÜgrd = rcRwfraoG? a&muf&ygvkd\/

tEÅ&mtEÅ&mtEÅ&mtEÅ&mtEÅ&m = edAÁmefr&rDS? tvDvDrsm;? oHo&mc&D;tMum;ü/

ZmwdZmwDoZmwdZmwDoZmwdZmwDoZmwdZmwDoZmwdZmwDok = jzpfwkdif;jzpfwkdif;aomb0wkdYü

t"duyn0gt"duyn0gt"duyn0gt"duyn0gt"duyn0g = avmu+omoem? ESpfjzm aumif;usKd;? o,fykd;Ekdif&ef?

ax&frGefOuú|f? yk*¾Kdvfjrwfonf/

ba0-b0grba0-b0grba0-b0grba0-b0grba0-b0grd = rkcsraoG jzpf&ygvkd\/

]]olawmfaumif;"mwf w&m;jrwf vTrf;ywfurÇm wnfapaomf0f}}

2.7.2017 b'´EÅokpdwåmbd0Ho

(em,ucsKyfq&mawmf)tvkdawmfjynfh "r®mp&d,wuúokdvf? &efukef/61-&yfuGuf? ppfawmif;vrf;? '*kH(qdyfurf;)NrdKUe,f/ &efukefwkdif;a'oBuD;/ zkef; - 09.5051194ç 09798029830

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okwåEÅ"r®eDwd

earm wó b*0awm t&[awm or®morÁK'¨óearm wó b*0awm t&[awm or®morÁK'¨óearm wó b*0awm t&[awm or®morÁK'¨óearm wó b*0awm t&[awm or®morÁK'¨óearm wó b*0awm t&[awm or®morÁK'¨ó

y&mb0okwfy&mb0okwfy&mb0okwfy&mb0okwfy&mb0okwfed'gef; (aumufEIwfcsufrSwfwrf;)

Â a[mMum;onfhyk*¾dKvf = jrwfpGmbk&m;

Â w&m;a[m&efavsmufxm;ol = odMum;rif;wkdufwGef;tyfaomewfom;wpfOD;

Â a[mMum;&mXme = aumovwkdif;? om0w¬djynf? aZw0efausmif;

Â w&m;emy&dowf = pMu0Vmwkdufwpfaomif;rS ewfç jA[®mrsm;

Â a[mMum;onfhaeY = r*Fvokwåefa[mMum;NyD;onfhaemufwpfaeY

Â a[mMum;onfhtcsdef = nOfhoef;acgif,H

ed'gef;NyD;\/

okwå E Å"r®eDwd

EF

A

2

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ewfom;avQmufxm;aom yxr*gxm

1/ y&mb0EÅH yk&doH? r,H ykpämr a*gwrH/

b0EÅH yk|K rm*r®? uð y&mb0awm rkcH/

aqmifyk'fvuFm

bkef;awmfa&mif&Sdef/ / xGef;xdefMunfvif? bk&m;&Sif? tMuifavmu? vlYb0ü?

"ea&TaiG? usufoa&ESifh? *kPfaerjrifh? rwifhw,fawmif;? ysufpD;aMumif;ukd? ewfaygif;

jA[®m? &SifxHomokdY? a&mufvm0ef;tkH? avQmufygwkH\? vkH;pkH;rsm;us,f? ysufpD;zG,fum;?

tb,fw&m;? b,fokdYtm;jzifh? xif&Sm;rdefYawmfrlygbk&m;/

jrwfpGmbk&m;a[mMum;awmfrlaom ysufpD;aMumif; 'kwd,*gxm

2/ ok0dZmaem b0H a[mwd? 'k0dZmaem y&mba0g/

"r®umarm b0H a[mwd? "ar®a'óD y&mba0g/

qkdvkd&if;t"dyÜg,f / / ÓPf"mwf&Sdí odvG,f wwfvG,f vdr®mvG,faom olonf

BuD;yGm;\/ ÓPf"mwfr&SdbJ todÓPfaES;í tvdr®mao;aom

olonf rBuD;yGm;Ekdif? ysufpD;wwf\/ ajzmifhrSefaomw&m;ukd vkdvm;aomolonf BuD;yGm;\/

w&m;rSef;ukd rkef;aomolonf ysufpD;\[k qkdvkdonf/

aqmifyk'fvuFm

ÓPf"mwf&Sdí wwfodvG,fjim; *kPfodrftm;jzifh? BuD;yGm;{uef? rcRwfrSef\/

odÓPfenf;yg;? xlxkdif;jim;rl? BuD;yGm;rpnf? ysufpD;rnfwnf;/

t&Snfajrmfjrif? w&m;cifu? pnfyifBuD;yGm;? *kPfjrifhrm;\/

w&m;rvkduf? trSm;BudKufrl? wdrfwkdufavvGifh? aysmufwdrfvifhokdY? wzsifhwyg;?

ysufpD;jim;onf? ewfom; rSwfavmtusOf;wnf;/

okwå E Å"r®eDwd

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ewfom;xyfrHavQmufxm;aom wwd,*gxm

3/ £wda[wH 0dZmemr? yxarm aom y&mba0g/

'kwd,H b*0g jAL[d? uð y&mb0awm rkcH/

aqmifyk'fvuFm

a&S;OD;vufrGef? jyñTefayawmif;? ysufpD;aMumif;ukd? taygif;rsm;pGm? odukefygNyD?

*gxmEIwfeuf? ESpfqifhwufí? rdefY>rufap&ef? cGifhawmif;yefonf? a&TÓPfawmf zGifhawmfrlyg

bk&m;/

jrwfpGmbk&m;a[mMum;awmfrlaom ysufpD;aMumif;pwkw¬*gxm

4/ toEÅó yda,m a[mwd? oaEÅ e uk½kaw yd,H/

towH "r®H a&mapwd? wH y&mb0awm rkcH/

qkdvkd&if;t"dyÜg,f / /

1/ ol,kwfolrkdufukd cspfavh&Sd\/

2/ ynm&Sdolawmfaumif;ukd rcspfcif/

3/ ol,kwfolrkdufwkdY\ w&m;pum;ukd ESpfouf\/

þoabmokH;rsKd;wkdYonf ysufpD;aMumif;jzpf\[k qkdvkdonf/

aqmifyk'fvuFm

rolawmftm;? cspfcifyGm;í? w&m;odjrif? olawmfpifukd? rcifpGefYcGg? ol,kwfrm\?

enf;emjyo? ñTeforQukd? vkH;0vkdvm;? þokH;yg;onf? BuD;yGm;ysufaMumif; vrf;yifwnf;/

okwå E Å"r®eDwd

4

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ysufpD;aMumif; yÍör*gxm

5/ ed'´goDvD obmoDvD? tEk|mwm p a,m ea&m/

tvaom aum"ynmaPm? wH y&mb0awm rkcH/

qkdvkd&if;t"dyÜg,f / /

1/ ttdyfpkHrufjcif;/

2/ yGJvrf;oabmifvkdufpm;jcif;/

3/ x<uvkHYvr&Sdjcif;/

4/ ysif;&dxkdif;rIdif;jcif;/

5/ trsufwHcGefaxmifjcif;/

þig;yg;wkdYonf ysufpD;aMumif;jzpf\[k qkdvkdonf/

aqmifyk'fvuFm

tdyfrIcspfcif? obifvkdufpm;? ayghyg;x<u? vkHYvr&Sd? ysif;&duJvGef? wHcGeftrsuf?

þig;csufonf? ysuf&eftaMumif;rSef\wnf;/

ysufpD;aMumif; q|r*gxm

6/ a,m rmw&H ydw&H 0g? ZdPÖuH *wa,mAÁeH/

y[koaEÅm e b&wd? wH y&mb0awm rkcH/

qkdvkd&if;t"dyÜg,f / / t&G,fvGefí tkdrif;NyD;aom rdçbukd auR;arG;Ekdifaom tpGrf;&Sdyg

vsuf rjyKpk rauR;arG;vsif ysufpD;aMumif;jzpf\[k qkdvkdonf/

aqmifyk'fvuFm

&G,fvGefcsKdU,Gif;? tkdrif;ukefMu? rdESifhbudk? c,vkyfauR;? odrfarGUjcif;iSm? pGrf;Ekdif

ygvsuf? a&SmifcGgy,fjzwf? rjrwfrav;? vkyfauR;orI? rjyKpku? ,ckvufiif;? uJh&JUjcif;ESifh?

aorif;aqmifvpf? b0opfü? jzpfwkHaomtcg? awZm*kPftif? ray:xifyJ? aysmf&Tifokc?

r&vkH;vkH;? tñTefYwkH;onf? qkH;½IH;ysuf&ef taMumif;wnf;/

okwå E Å"r®eDwd

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ysufpD;aMumif; owår*gxm

7/ a,m jAm[®PH orPH 0g? tnH 0gyd 0PdAÁuH/

rkom0ga'e 0aÍöwd? wH y&mb0awm rkcH/

qkdvkd&if;t"dyÜg,f / / &[EÅmyk*¾dKvf? &[ef;awmft&Sifjrwfrsm;ESifh bkef;awmif;,mpum

wkdYtm; r[kwfrrSefaom ajymMum;í vdrfvnfjcif;onf

ysufpD;aMumif;jzpf\[k qkdvkdonf/

aqmifyk'fvuFm

jAm[®P[k? rnf&xifpGm? &[EÅmwnfh? ousmEG,fZmwf? &[ef;jrwfESifh? bkef;vmbf

rSDpm;? awmif;olrsm;udk? rkom;EIwfzGifh? vdrfvnfvifhu? *kPfESifhpD;yGm;? rBuD;rm;onf?

ysufjym; qkwf&ef taMumif;wnf;/

ysufpD;aMumif; t|r*gxm

8/ y[kw0dawåm yk&daom? o[d&anm oabmZaem/

{aum bkÍÆwd om'led? wH y&mb0awm rkcH/

qkdvkd&if;t"dyÜg,f / / ypönf;b@mç csKdcsnf&om aygrsm;ygvsuf olwpfyg;wkdYukd

owdr& ra0iSbJ wpfukd,fwnf; pm;aomufjcif;onf ysufpD;jcif;\ taMumif;jzpf\[k

qkdvkdonf/

aqmifyk'fvuFm

a&TaiGb@m? jynfhpkHpGmESifh? &omcsKdcsOf? abmZOfaxGjym;? aygrsm;avmufvkH?

jzpfygwkHvnf;? a0ykHrsrf;rQ? rurf;iSbJ? 0rf;0eHum;? ukd,fwnf;pm;u? trsm;rsufapmif;?

xkd;Mua&Smif;onf? ysufaMumif;vrf;rSef wpfrsKd;wnf;/

okwå E Å"r®eDwd

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ysufpD;aMumif; e0r*gxm

9/ Zmwdxa'¨g "exa'¨g? a*gwåxa'¨g p a,m ea&m/

oÓwð twdranwd? wH y&mb0awm rkcH/

qkdvkd&if;t"dyÜg,f / / trsKd;rmef tEG,frmefjzifh cufxefjcif;? ypönf;rmefjzifh cufxefjcif;?

þokdYrmefwufjcif;ç cufxefjcif;jzifh rdrdtrsKd;ukdyif rxDrJhjrif

jyKvkyfvQif ysufpD;jcif;taMumif;jzpf\[k qkdvkdonf/

aqmifyk'fvuFm

rsKd;ç EG,fç Opöm? okH;jzmcufxef? wufaomrmefjzifh? xufoefyvTm;? igwum;[k?

wuf<um;vTrf;rkd;? ukd,fhtrsKd;ukd? ESdrfcsKd;avcsif? xifjrifao;rI? nHhatmifjyKu? NzD;xk*kPfae?

usufoa&EGrf;nSKd;? rzGJUNzdK;onf? wefckd;*kPfodrfysufaMumif;wnf;/

ysufpD;aMumif; 'or*gxm

10/ £w¬d"kawåm ok&m"kawåm? tu©"kawåm p a,m ea&m/

v'H v'H 0demaowd? wH y&mb0awm rkcH/

qkdvkd&if;t"dyÜg,f / / rdef;rvkdufpm;jcif;? ,pfrsKd;aomufpm;jcif;? upm;MuL;vGefjcif;

rsm;onf &&orQaom Opömypönf;wkdYukd jyKef;wD;apwwfaom

aMumifh ysufpD;aMumif;jzpf\[k qkdvkdonf/

aqmifyk'fvuFm

rdef;raysmfykduf? ,pfrsKd;BudKufESifh? avvkdufaomhoGrf;? avmif;wrf;upm;? MuL;vGef

jim;u? pD;yGm;rwif? &vsif,kd,Gif;? aysmufukefvQif;onf? xifvif;rsufjrif ysufaMumif;wnf;/

okwå E Å"r®eDwd

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ysufpD;aMumif; {um'or*gxm

11/ ao[d 'ga&[d oEÅKa|m? a0od,mok y'kówd/

'kówd y&'ga&ok? wH y&mb0awm rkcH/

qkdvkd&if;t"dyÜg,f / / ukd,fhr,m;pnf;pdrfjzifh wif;wdrfjcif;r&SdbJ jynfhwefqmrrsm;ESifh

olwpfyg;wkdY\ r,m;ü vkdufpm;vGefusL;jcif;onf ysufpD;aMumif;

jzpf\[k qkdvkdonf/

aqmifyk'fvuFm

ukd,fykdifjzpfNyD;? cspfZeD;ü? NiD;NiD;aiGUaiGU? pdwfrawGUbJ? rarGUpnf;pdrf? wif;rwdrfí?

olYtdrfykdifeuf? olYcspfbufukd? vk,ufoGm;vm? jynfhwefqmü? wPSmjrL;xl;? aysmfyg;MuL;u?

qnf;yl;jynfhESuf? Opömysufí? rwufavsmus? qkwfaomvokdY? vmbysufaysmuf?

*kPfra&mufonf? nSKd;ajcmufysuf&ef taMumif;wnf;/

ysufpD;aMumif; 'Gg'or*gxm

4/ twDwa,mAÁaem aygaom? tmaewd wdrÁ½kw¬eð?

wó £óm e okywd? wH y&mb0awm rkcH/

qkdvkd&if;t"dyÜg,f / / t&G,fvGefNyD;aom tbkd;BuD;onf rrQouf&G,fi,faom tysKd

uav;ESifh xdrf;jrm;av&m rdef;ri,fü t&G,frwlonfhtwGuf

aMumifh pdwfrcsEkdifbJ wpkd;&drf&drf waMumifhMuMuESifh jiLpljcif;ç ylyefjcif; yGm;rsm;ojzifh

tdyfraysmf pm;rNrdefESifh tcsdefawGukd ukefvGefap&\/ xkdokdYt&G,frS tysKduav;ESifh xdrf;jrm;jcif;

onf ysufpD;jcif;taMumif;jzpfonf[k qkdvkdonf/

aqmifyk'fvuFm

&G,fvGefavNyD;? toufBuD;vsuf? wnfoD;&ifpkd Y? om;ikHrkd Yom;? tysKd&G,fopf?

i,fEkjrpfukd? Muifcspfaqmif,l? xdrf;jrm;rlum;? jiLplaMumifhMu? pdwfrcsESifh? tdyfuraysmf?

pm;aomfrNrdef? tcsdefqkH;yg;? ylyefrsm;onf? ysufjym;zkdY&ef taMumif;wnf;/

okwå E Å"r®eDwd

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ysufpD;aMumif; aw&or*gxm

13/ £w¬ð aom@ð 0dud&Pð? yk&doH 0gyd wm'doH/

£ó&d,o®ð xaywd? wH y&mb0awm rkcH/

qkdvkd&if;t"dyÜg,f / / aomuffpm; aysmfyg;MuL;í ykdufxkyfodrf;qnf;jcif;r&Sd? z½kdz&JjzefYBuJ

wwfaom rdef;rukdaomfvnf;aumif;? a,musfm;ukdaomf

vnf;aumif; tdrfüjzpfap? wpfpkHwpfckaom tvkyftukdifüjzpfap? toif;tyif;üjzpfap?

tBuD;tuJ Ouú|acgif;aqmiftjzpf cefYxm;vsif ysufpD;jcif;taMumif; jzpf\[k qkdvkdonf/

aqmifyk'fvuFm

pm;MuL; aomufMuL;? aysmfyg;MuL;ESifh? rl;wl;arhawh? "avhaMumhMurf; o&rf;rlusifh?

wzsifhwyg;? pum;ajymqkd? z½kdz&J? jzefYBuJOpöm? xif&mjyKwrf;? rdef;roGrf;ESifh? pnf;urf;rJhNim;?

pdwfvkdufoGm;onf? a,musfm;ukdvsif? BuD;rSL;wifu? *kPftifpD;yGm;? rBuD;rm;bJ? ysufjym;

avsmha<u? qkwf,kwfavonf? ykHaoysuf&eftaMumif;wnf;/

ysufpD;aMumif; pk'´or*gxm

14/ tyÜabma*g r[mwaPSm? cwåda, Zm,aw ukav/

aom p &ZÆH yw¬,wd? wH y&mb0awm rkcH/

qkdvkd&if;t"dyÜg,f / / Opömpnf;pdrfr&SdbJvsuf tvkdBuD;jcif;? Opömpnf;pdrf *kPfodrfwefckd;

r&SdyJvsuf rif;tjzpfukd awmifhwjcif;rsm;onf ysufpD;jcif;

taMumif; jzpf\[k qkdvkdonf/

aqmifyk'fvuFm

pnf;pdrfOpöm? uif;rJhygvsuf? wPSmajr§mufyifh? tvkdjrifhí? ukd,fESifhrwef? rif;jzpf&efukd?

pdwfoefawmifhw? MuHpnfuvsif? b0rsufarSmuf? ab;'Pfa&mufí? ñSKd;ajcmufysuf&ef

taMumif;wnf;/

okwå E Å"r®eDwd

9

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ed*kH;csKyf yEé&or*gxm

15/ {aw y&mba0 avmau? y@dawm ora0u©d,/

t&da,m 'óeorÜaEém? oavmuH bZaw od0H/

qkdvkd&if;t"dyÜg,f / / þysuffpD;aMumif;w&m;wkdYukd ajrmfjrifqifjcifEkdifaom ynm&Sdonf

ysufpD;aMumif;wkdYESifh r,SOfbJ ÓPftjrifESifh jynfhpkHpGm csrf;om

pGmjzifh jrifhjrwfaom ok*wdbkHb0okdY uyfa&mufEkdif\[k qkdvkdonf/

aqmifyk'fvuFm

þodkY rdefYa[m? y&mabm[k? ysufaomw&m;? taMumif;rsm;ukd? xif&Sm;odjrif?

ynm&Sifum;? tMuifysufaMumif;? w&m;aygif;rS? aumif;aumif;pGefYcGm? BuD;yGm;&mudk? vkdufem

ojzifh? vrf;rSefusifhí? jrifhjrwfwwfajrmuf? rsufarSmufcsrf;om? ewf&Gmok*wd?

uyfavbdonf? rkedrdefYabmf a&TcGef;awmfwnf;/

y&mb0okwfNyD;\/

okwå E Å"r®eDwd

E

10

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0ovokwf0ovokwf0ovokwf0ovokwf0ovokwf

ed'gef;

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awmfrlaom &Sifawmfjrwfbk&m;onf om0w¬djynfrGef aemufawmifpGef0,f aZw0efa&T

ausmif;ü udef;atmifarGUavsmf prÜm,fawmfrlpOftcg t*¾dubm&'Gg&rnfaom ykPÖm;BuD;\t*¾dubm&'Gg&rnfaom ykPÖm;BuD;\t*¾dubm&'Gg&rnfaom ykPÖm;BuD;\t*¾dubm&'Gg&rnfaom ykPÖm;BuD;\t*¾dubm&'Gg&rnfaom ykPÖm;BuD;\

o&P*kHwnfí oDvaqmufwnfrnfhtaMumif;ukdo&P*kHwnfí oDvaqmufwnfrnfhtaMumif;ukdo&P*kHwnfí oDvaqmufwnfrnfhtaMumif;ukdo&P*kHwnfí oDvaqmufwnfrnfhtaMumif;ukdo&P*kHwnfí oDvaqmufwnfrnfhtaMumif;ukd jrifawmfrlaomaMumifh ukd,fawmf

wpfyg;wnf; tdrfpOfvSnfhum qGrf;cH<uawmfrl\/ xkdtcg t*¾duubm&'GgZykPÖm;BuD;onf

rdrdtdrf0if;twGif; wHcg;0teD;ü rD;ylaZmfavh&Sdaom ykPÖm;wkdY\ t,l0g'twkdif; axmywfç

qDOD;paom ylaZmfzG,f0w¬KwkdYjzifh BuD;us,fcrf;em;pGm rD;ylaZmfí aeckdufjzpfav\/

jrwfpGmbk&m;onf tdrfpOftwkdif; qGrf;cHvSnfhvnfawmfrlí t*¾dubm*'GgZykPÖm;\

rD;ylaZmf&mXmeokdY qkdufa&mufawmfrlavvsif ykPÖm;BuD;jrifav&m tvGeftrsufxGufaom

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wrmBuD;? þqDrD;ylaZmf&mXmeokdY rcsOf;uyfvmESifh? t&yfwpfyg;okdY vsifhpGm xGufoGm;

avmh}}[k ,kwfrmMurf;wrf;aom pum;vkH;ukd tokH;jyKí Murf;0g;armif;ESifav\/

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bk&m;ukd jrif&mykPÖm;BuD;onf tb,faMumifhMunfndKjcif; o'¨gw&m;rjzpfEkdifbJ

&Sdavownf;/ Murf;wrf;,kwfrmaompum;wkdYjzifh tb,faMumifh Budrf;armif; avoenf;

[k ar;zG,f&Sd\/ jA[®PZmwf&Sdaom ykPÖm;wkdY\ t,lü acgif;wkH;(OD;jynf;)jzpfaom

&[ef;wkdYonf ,kwfrmaom umvuPÖDrsm;jzpfMu\/ rD;ylaZmf&mXme? r*FvmjyK&mXmewkdYü

acgif;wkH;&[ef;rsm; 0ifa&mufcsOf;uyfvmvQif r*Fvmr&SdbJ r*FvmyGJysuf\[k t,l&SdMu\/

ykPÖm;wkdYonf Zmwdrmefjzifh tvGefcufxefMuojzifh urÇmavmuay:wGif igwkdYomvQif

tjrwfqkH;jzpfonf[k xifjrifMuavonf/ xkdYaMumifh t*¾dubm&'Gg&ykPÖm;BuD;onf

rD;ylaZmf&mXmeokdY <ua&mufcsnf;uyfvmaom jrwfpGmbk&m;ukd MunfndKjcif;rjzpfEkdifyJ

armif;rJBudrf0g;avownf;/

okwå E Å"r®eDwd

11

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þokdYBudrf;0g;armif;rJavaomtcg bkef;awmfBuD;aom jrwfpGmbk&m;onf rnfokdYrQ

wkefvIyfjcif;r&SdyJ Munfvif&Tifvef;vjynfh0ef;ESifhwlaom rsufESmawmfjzifh ykPÖm;BuD;

tay:wGif oem;iJhñSmawmfrlaom pdwfukdxm;í om,maomtoHawmfjzifh >rufazmfum

-

]]tkd ... ykPÖm;? oifonf ightm; 0ov[laom pum;jzifh ol,kwfBuD;[k qkdbd\?

oifykPÖm;onf ,kwfrmaom 0ovw&m;ukd odyg\avm}}[k ar;jref;awmfrlavonf/

xkdtcg ykPÖm;BuD;onf jrwfpGmbk&m;\ Munfvifaom a&TrsufESm? om,maom

pum;oHrsm;ukd Mum;ojzifh ]]þyk*¾dKvfrSm rsufrmefa'gor&Sdygwum;}}[k awG;awmqifjcif

um Munfvifat;jrí rmefrmrmeuif;aompdwfjzpfay:vmav\/ xkdYaemuf igonfum;

trsKd;tm;jzifh ,kwfaomolwkdYukd ]]0ov}}[k ac:qkd,kHMunf\/ pifppftm;jzifh w&m;

tvkdESifhawG;qvkdufaom trsKd;,kwfaom olwkdif;vnf; ]]0ov}}rnfxkdufonf r[kwfay/

trsKd;,kwfnHhjcif;onfvnf; ol,kwfrmukd jzpfapwwfonfr[kwf? þ&[ef;ar;jref;onfrSm

vGefpGm tcsufykdifvSay\[k awG;qqifjcifNyD;vQif ]]tkd ..&Sifa*gwr? ,kwfrmaMumif;

0ov"r®rsm;ukd wynfhawmf rodygbk&m;}}[k El;ñGwfaysmhaysmif;pGm 0efcHavonf/

yg&rDa&S;a[mif;taMumif;cH&SdolESifh r&Sdol

yg&rDa&S;a[mif; taMumif;t*FgpkHvifí vmaomyk*¾dKvfwkdYonf tcGifhukd r&ojzifh

cufxefMurf;MuKwfí aeaomfvnf; tcGifhukd &aomtcg tvG,fwulEl;nHhpGm jzpfNrJ

"r®wmaywnf;/

yg&rDa&S;a[mif;taMumif;cHr&SdaomolwkdYonfum; rnfokdYyif tcGifh&& El;nHhodrfharGU

jcif;jzpfEkdifrnfr[kwfacs/ ajrap;cJonf rkd;Cf;ESifhawGUaomtcg aysmhaysmif;pGm jzpf\/

ausmufp&pfcJonf rkd;Cf;aygif;tBudrfw&m&Gmaomfvnf; El;nHhrnfr[kwfouJhokdYwnf;/

þodkY ykPÖm;BuDu rodaMumif; 0efcHavaomtcg jrwfpGmbk&m;u ]]xkdokd Y

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qkdvwHhaom 0ovw&m;wkdYukd a[mMum;awmfrlavownf;/

ed'gef;NyD;\/

okwå E Å"r®eDwd

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ol,kwfrm[k odrSwfzG,f yxr*gxm

1/ aum"aem Oyem[D p? ygyru©D p a,m ea&m/

0dyEé'd|D rm,m0D? wH Znm 0oavm £wd/

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razsmufbJ &efNidK;zGJUí xm;wwf\/ ,kwfrmaom oabmjzifh aus;Zl;ukd acszsufwwf\/

t,lrSefukdazsmufí t,lrSm;aemufokdY vkdufwwf\/ rdrdtjypfukd zkH;vTrf;í vdrfÓPfç

aumufÓPfokH;wwf\/ xkduJhokdY oabm&Sdolrsm;ukd ol,kwfrmBuD;[k odrSwfav[k qkdonf/

aqmifyk'fvuFm

trsufvTrf;rkd;? &efNidK;okdzGJU? aus;Zl;rJhESifh? wdrf;iJh,Gif;yg;? t,lrSm;vsuf? azmufjym;

vdrfvnf? þig;rnfum; vlYjynfhwpfcGif? O'gef;wGifonf? odjrifrSwfav ol,kwfwnf;/

ol,kwfrm[k odrSwfzG,f 'kwd,*gxm

2/ {uZH 0g 'GdZH 0gyd? a,m}" ygPH 0d[ðowd/

,ó ygaP ',m ew¬d? wH Znm 0oavm £wd/

qkdvkd&if;t"dyÜg,f / / owå0gwkdYukd owfjzwfñSOf;qJavh&Sdaomol? owå0gtrsm;ü

oem;Muifemjcif; uif;aomolwkdYonf ol,kwfrmrnfukef\[k

qkdvkdonf/

aqmifyk'fvuFm

{uZESifh? 'G dZonm? owå0gukd? ñSmwmraxmufxm;? owfjzwfjim;vsuf?

oem;uif;uGm? þESpfjzmonf? rSefpGmrSwfav? ol,kwfwnf;/

okwå E Å"r®eDwd

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ol,kwfrm[k odrSwfzG,f wwd,*gxm

3/ a,m [EÅd Oy½kE¨wd? *grmed ed*rmed p/

ed*¾g[aum ornmawm? wH Znm 0oavm £wd/

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0ef;0dkif;í wkdufckdufvk,laomol vlqkd;BuD;ç olckd;BuD;ç "m;jrBuD;

[lí xif&Sm;ausmfaZmaom olwkdYonf ol,kwfrmBuD;rnfukef\[k qkdvkdonf/

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ed*Hk;ç NrdKUç &Gm? 0ifa&mufcgESifh? aoemppfonf? ywfvnf0ef;0kduf? wkdufckdufavNyD;?

vlqkd;BuD;[k? a0;eD;owif;? ausmfaZmjcif;jzifh? xifvif;orkwf? vGefpufqkyfonf? ol,kwf

olrkduf olqkd;wnf;/

ol,kwfrm[k odrSwfzG,f pwkw¬*gxm

4/ *gar 0g ,'d 0g &an? ,H ya&oH rrm,dwH/

ax,sm t'dEéH tma'wd? wH Znm 0oavm £wd/

qkdvkd&if;t"dyÜg,f / / NrdKUç &Gmç ed*kH;wkdYüjzpfap? awmxJrSm jzpfap? olwpfyg;wkdY odrf;ykduf

tyfaom ypönf;b@mwkdYukd ckd;vkdaompdwfjzifh aqmif,laom

olukd ol,kwfrmBuD;[k qkdvkdonf/

aqmifyk'fvuFm

NrdKUç &Gmç awmwGif;? apmifha&Smufjcif;ESifh? ruif;odrf;qnf;? olYypönf;ukd? ckd;enf;tjym;?

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ol,kwfwnf;/

okwå E Å"r®eDwd

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ol,kwfrm[k odrSwfzG,f yÍör*gxm

5/ a,m [a0 £Prm'g,? 0kpörmaem yvm,wd/

e [d aw £Prw¬Dwd? wH Znm 0oavm £wd/

qkdvkd&if;t"dyÜg,f / / a<u;ukd acs;,lNyD;vQif a<u;&Sifu awmif;aomtcg a<u;r&Sd[k

jiif;qkdí uG,f0Sufí xGufajy;wdrf;a&Smif\/ xkduJhokdYaomNrD;pm;ukd

ol,kwfrmBuD;[k odrSwf&m\ qkdvkdonf/

aqmifyk'fvuFm

a<u;NrDacs;iSm;? ,lpm;NyD;vQif? a<u&Sif&vkd? aiGawmif;qkdu? 0SufoG,fuG,faxmifh?

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ol,kwfrm[k odrSwfzG,f q|r*gxm

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rsm;ukd wkdufckdufowfjzwfí ygorQukd vk,l\/ xkdawmykef;

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&orQyif? vkdcsifrufarm? avmbaZmaMumifh? awmykef;ckdatmif? vrf;uacsmif;í?

&aMumif;MuHpnf? c&D;onfukd? auGUvnfaMumifywf? taoowfvsuf? &wwfoa&GU?

vk,lavhom;? awmauGUykef;vsKd;? þolrsKd;onf npfqkd;ol,kwf olrkdufwnf;/

okwå E Å"r®eDwd

15

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ol,kwfrm[k odrSwfzG,f owår*gxm

7/ a,m twåa[k y&a[wk? "ea[wk p a,m ea&m/

ou©dyka|m rkom jALwd? wH Znm 0oavm £wd/

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tcg rdrdtusKd;ç rdrdESifhpyfaomolwkdY\ tusKd;ç Opömpnf;pdrf

*kPfodrftwGufESifh iJhuGufaom pdwfxm;rsKd;jzifh rawmfrw&m; rkom;xGufqkdvQif xkdrkom;

oufaoukd ol,kwfrmBuD;[k odrSwf&m\[k qkdvkdonf/

aqmifyk'fvuFm

ta&;MuHKvsif? oufaowifí? tMuifoltm;? ar;jref;jim;aomf? axmufxm;iJhuGuf?

ukd,fhtwGufESifh? ukd,fhbuf-ukd,fhvl? xkdol Opöm? ,drf;iJhumjzifh? rdpämoabm? rkom;ajymu?

raemrjzL? xkdoolonf? vlwGif vl,kwf vlrkdufwnf;/

ol,kwfrm[k odrSwfzG,f t|r*gxm

8/ a,m ÓwDeH ocDeH 0g? 'ga&ok y#d'dówd/

o[om orÜda,e 0g? wH Znm 0oavm £wd/

qkdvkd&if;t"dyÜg,f / / aqGrsKd;om;csif;wkdY\ r,m;ç rdwfaqGwkdY\ r,m;wkdYü twif;

Avuúm&jzpfap? twlcspfBudKufíjzpfap usL;vGefí usifhvQif

ol,kwfrmBuD;[k odrSwf&m\[k qkdvkdonf/

aqmifyk'fvuFm

ZmwfaoGESD;&if;? ukd,fhom;csif;ESifh? aygif;oif;rdwfaqG? cspfoufa0ukd? &aptwif;?

jyKusifhjcif;ESifh? csif;csif;ESpfjcdKuf? wlpkHBudKufí? vkdvkduf&ruf? vGefusL;zsufu? aMumufç

&SufrJhjim;? vlUiEGm;onf? rSwfom; xkdol vl,kwfwnf;/

okwå E Å"r®eDwd

16

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ol,kwfrm[k odrSwfzG,f e0r*gxm

9/ a,m rmw&H ydw&H 0g? ZdPÖuH *wa,mAÁeH/

y[koaEÅm e b&wd? wH Znm 0oavm £wd/

qkdvkd&if;t"dyÜg,f / / y&mb0okwff ygNyD;/

ol,kwfrm[k odrSwfzG,f 'or*gxm

10/ a,m rmw&H ydw&H 0g? bmw&H b*deð oókH/

[EÅd a&maowd 0gpm,? wH Znm 0oavm £wd/

qkdvkd&if;t"dyÜg,f / / rdcifç zcifç tpfukdç nDç tpfrç ESrç a,mu©rwkdYukd ukd,fjzifh

ykwfcwfñSOf;qJ\/ EIwfjzifh qJa&;csKyfcs,f\/ xkdolukd ol,kwf

rmBuD;[k rSwf&rnf[k qkdvkdonf/

aqmifyk'fvuFm

rdbESpfvD? aemifç nDç tpfr? a,mu©rukd? qJqkdaxmif;xk? ½kdufykwfjyKu? trI,kwf

nrf;? tusifhoGrf;onf? a[mh&rf;,kwfrm rkdufaoG;wnf;/

okwå E Å"r®eDwd

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ol,kwfrm[k odrSwfzG,f {um'or*gxm

11/ a,m tw¬H ykpädawm oaEÅm? tew¬ tEkomowd/

y#dpäaEée raEÅwd? wH Znm 0oavm £wd/

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usKd;csrf;omukdvnf;aumif;ç vrf;rSefukdvnf;aumif; odjrifvkd

aomaMumifh csOf;uyfí ar;jref;aomtcg aumif;usKd;csrf;omjzpfapwwfaom enf;aumif;

vrf;rSefukd rajymyJ tusKd;qkwf,kwfapwwfaom enf;vrf;edó,wkdYukd ñTefjyajymqkd\/

vrf;aumif;enf;rSefukd ajymyifajymygjim;aomfvnf; teuft"dyÜg,fzkH;uG,fodcufaom

pum;rsKd;wkdYjzifh ajymMum;\/ tvGefcufcJaom enf;vrf;edó,ç rjyKvkyf rMuHzefEkdifaom

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rjyK tusKd;,kwfapwwfaom enf;edó,ESifh vrf;vGJñTefjyaomolukd ol,kwfrmBuD;[k

odrSwf&m\[k qkdvkdonf/

aqmifyk'fvuFm

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ol,kwfrm[k odrSwfzG,f 'Gg'or*gxm

12/ a,m uwGm ygyuH ur®H? rmrH Znmwd £päwd/

a,m y#dpäEéur®aEÅm? wH Znm 0oavm £wd/

qkdvkd&if;t"dyÜg,f / / raumif;rIt,kwfrmukd jyKjyD;vQif olrsm;rodatmif zkH;vTrf;í

olawmfaumif;a,mif [efaqmifí aeaomolukd ol,kwfrm

BuD;[k odrSwf&m\[k qkdvkdonf/

aqmifyk'fvuFm

,kwfrmrIukd? jyKavwkHjim;? zkH;0Sufxm;í? trsm;wkdYabmif? olawmifa,mifjzifh?

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ol,kwfwnf;/

okwå E Å"r®eDwd

18

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ol,kwfrm[k odrSwfzG,f aw&or*gxm

13/ a,m a0 y&ukvH *EÉm? bkwGme okpdabmZeH/

tm*wH eyÜ#dylaZwd? wH Znm 0oavm £wd/

qkdvkd&if;t"dyÜg,f / / olwpfyg;tdrfokdYoGm;a&mufaomtcg aumif;pGmauR;arG;tyfaom

abmZOfwkdYukd 0rf;0Akdufum; tvkd&Sdwkdif;pm;NyD;vQif rdrdtdrfokdY

qkdufa&mufvmaomolukdrlum; jyKpkauR;arG;jcif;rjyK? rsufESmxm;ESifh pdrf;um;íae\/

xkdolukd ol,kwfrmBuD;[k odrSwf&m\[k qkdvkdonf/

aqmifyk'fvuFm

olYtdrfoGm;a&muf? pm;aomufabmZOf? csK dcsOfNrdef&Suf? okH;bl;vsufvnf;?

ESpfoufcifrif? xGuf0if0rf;ajrmuf? ukd,fhtdrfa&mufaomf? csD;ajr§mufjrwfav;? auR;arG;rjyK?

*½krxm;? vGefpdrf;um;vsif? rkdufrSm; ,kwfrmoloGrf;wnf;/

ol,kwfrm[k odrSwfzG,f pk'´or*gxm

14/ a,m orPH 0g jAm[®PH? tnH 0gyd 0PdAÁuH/

rkom0ga'e 0aÍöwd? wH Znm 0oavm £wd/

qkdvkd&if;t"dyÜg,f / / y&mb0okwfygNyD;/

ol,kwfrm[k odrSwfzG,f yEé&or*gxm

15/ a,m orPH 0g jAm[®PH? bwåumav Oy|dwH/

a&maowd 0g e p a'wd? wH Znm 0oavm £wd/

qkdvkd&if;t"dyÜg,f / / pm;csdefaomufcsdeftcgü csOf;uyfí &yfwnfvmaom &[ef;

tp&Sdonfh tvSLcHrsm;ukd Murf;wrf;aompum;jzifh csKyfcs,f

apmif;ajrmif;í armif;rJBudrf;0gonfjzpftHh? vSLrnfa0;pG rsufESmukdrQ ray;bJ ausmckdif;í

aeonfjzpftHh? xkdolukd ol,kwfrmBuD;[k odrSwf&m\[k qkdvkdonf/

okwå E Å"r®eDwd

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aqmifyk'fvuFm

pm;csdefacwfwGif? &yfvm0ifom;? tMuif&[ef;? vSL'gef;cHpm;? yk*¾dKvfrsm;ukd? pum;

Murf;MuKwf? qkd;onfhEIwfjzifh? ESifxkwfarmif;rJ? qkdqJMurf;armif;? apmif;ajrmif;jiLpl? vSLrnf

um;a0;? ausmay;aemufckdif;? ½kdif;pkdif;ojzifh? ravsmfusifhvQif? rSwfvifh,kwfrm olrkdufwnf;/

ol,kwfrm[k odrSwfzG,f aomVor*gxm

16/ toEÅH a,m" yjALwd? arma[e yvd*kP²dawm/

udÍöeH edZd*Domaem? wH Znm 0oavm £wd/

qkdvkd&if;t"dyÜg,f / / tMuifolonf arm[arSmifBuD;rdojzifh wpfpkHwpfckaom ypönf;

0w¬Kukdaomfvnf;aumif;? cspfcifESpfoufaom rdef;rukd

aomfvnf;aumif; aoG;aqmif&,lvkdaomaMumifh rdrdü r&Sdaom*kPfaus;Zl;wkdYukd csD;usL;í

aomfvnf; ajym\/ rjzpfpzl; xl;qef;tHhMozG,faom taMumif;rsm;ukd t,HkoGif;í ajym\/

xkdolukd ol,kwfrmBuD;[k odrSwf&m\[k qkdvkdonf/

aqmifyk'fvuFm

wpfpkHwpfck? &vkdrIaMumifh? pu©K0Íöe? rsufvSnfhjyokdY? arm[rIdif;a0? r[kwfavvnf;?

,kHapoabm? bGJUaqmifajymí? tHhMozG,fyif? tu,fxifatmif? csJUxGifcif;usif;?

t,kHoGif;í? vufwGif;ygatmif? jzm;a,mif;aqmifonf? rkdufacgifol,kwf rkdufAkdvfwnf;/

ol,kwfrm[k odrSwfzG,f owå&or*gxm

17/ a,m pwåmeH orkuúHao? ya& p r0Zmemwd/

ed[Daem aoae rmaee? wH Znm 0oavm £wd/

qkdvkd&if;t"dyÜg,f / / rdrdukd,fukd jr§ifhajr§mufí olwpfyg;wkdYukd ESdrfhcsaomolonf rdrd\

rmeaMumifhyifvQif rdrdedrfhusjcif;okdY a&mufav\/ xkdolukd

ol,kwfrmBuD;[k odrSwf&m\[k qkdvkdonf/

okwå E Å"r®eDwd

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aqmifyk'fvuFm

olwpfyg;ukd? csxm;ukd,fhatmuf? yifhajr§mufukd,fhukd? axmifvTm;qkdvsuf?

xkdolavQmus? edrfhwwfpGonf? rmevufukdif ol,kwfwnf;/

ol,kwfrm[k odrSwfzG,f t|m&or*gxm

18/ a&moaum u'&Da,m p?ygydapäm rpä&D aoaXm/

t[d&Daum taemwåyÜD? wH Znm 0oavm £wd/

qkdvkd&if;t"dyÜg,f / / tMuifolonf us,f0ifhapmfum;wwf\/ 'geukd ydwfyifwwf\/

tvkdBuD;\/ 0efwkd\/ pOf;vJaumufuspf\/ ,kwfrmrIukd

r&Sufwwf? raMumufwwf? xkdolukd ol,kwfrmBuD;[k odrSwf&m\[k qkdvkdonf/

aqmifyk'fvuFm

csKyfcs,f&rf;um;? vSLtm;ydwfyif? vkdtifykdrk d? 0efwkdwkHvsuf? pOf;vJbufí?

aMumuf&SufrJhwkH? jypfrsKd;pkHonf? vlbkHrkdufacgif ol,kwfwnf;/

ol,kwfrm[k odrSwfzG,f {ule0Dowdr*gxm

19/ a,m Ak'H y&dbmowd? tx 0g wó om0uH/

y&dAÁZH *[|H 0g? wH Znm 0oavm £wd/

qkdvkd&if;t"dyÜg,f / / oAÁnKbk&m;&Sifukd qJa&;aomolç bk&m;&Sif\ wynfhom0u

jzpfaom &[ef;wkdYukd qJa&;aomolç omoemawmfBuD;rS ty

jzpfaom &aohç y&dAkdZfwkdYukd qJa&;aomolç tdrf&maxmifaom vloDv0EÅwkdYukd qJa&;aom

ol þolrsm;ukd ol,kwfrmBuD;[k odrSwf&m\[k qkdkvkdonf/

aqmifyk'fvuFm

&Sifawmfbk&m;? wynfhrsm;ESifh? wjcm;ukda&GU? &aoh yk&dAkdZf? wokdufvlrGef? oDv0efukd?

EIwfvGefapmfum;? qJa&;jim;u? rSwfom;xkdol? rkdufvHxlonf? vlwGif vl,kwf vlvGefwnf;/

okwå E Å"r®eDwd

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ol,kwfrm[k odrSwfzG,f 0Dowdr*gxm

20/ a,m te&[H oaEÅm? t&[mwd y#dZmemwd/

apma&m ojA[®au avmau? wH Znm 0oavm £wd/

qkdvkd&if;t"dyÜg,f / / tMuifolonf udavomukefcef;aom &[EÅmr[kwfygyJvsuf

&[EÅm[lí 0efcH\/ xkdolonf ewfjynfç jA[®mjynfESifhwuG okH;q,fhwpfbkHaom avmuü

ckd;olBuD;rnf\/ xkdolukd ol,kwfrmBuD;[k odrSwf&m\[k qkdvkdonf/

aqmifyk'fvuFm

udavomjrL? rpifjzLbJ? tvSLcHxkduf? tNrdKufvuf&Sd? jrifodopöm? &[EÅm[k? xifpGm

>ruf<um;? 0efcHjim;u? okH;yg;avmu? qkd;oGrf;vSom;? apm&Akdvfrif;? rkdufacgifcsif;onf?

wkuif;ol,kwf xGefpGef;wnf;/

0ovç jAm[®PrnfxkdufaMumif; {u0Dowdrç 'Gg0Dowdr*gxm

21/ {aw acg 0ovm 0kwåm? r,m a, aw yumodwm/

e Zpöm 0oavm a[mwd? e Zpöm a[mwd jAm[®aPm/

22/ ur®Kem 0oavm a[mwd?ur®Kem a[mwd jAm[®aPm/

qkdvkd&if;t"dyÜg,f / / igbk&m;a[mMum;awmfrltyfNyD;aom t,kwfw&m;wkdYukdomvQif

0ov[lí rSwfav/ trsKd;Zmwftm;jzifh jrwfonf[lí rrSwf

vifh/ rdrdjyKtyfaom t,kwfwrmrIaMumifh ol,kwfjzpf&\/ rdrdjyKtyfaom jrifhjrwfrIaMumifh

oljrwfjzpf&\[k qkdvkdonf/

okwå E Å"r®eDwd

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0ovç jAm[®PrnfxkdufaMumif; aw0Dowdr*gxm

23/ w'rdemyd Zmemx? ,xa[wH ed'óeH/

p@mvykawåm aomygaum? rmwa*Fg £wd 0dókawm/

qkdvkd&if;t"dyÜg,f / / 'DrSm a[mMum;xm;wJhtwkdif; ol,kwfç oljrwfcGJjcm;odMuyg/

a&S;tcgu acG;om;csufpm;aom rmw*Frnfaom 'Gef;p@m;

om;u þae&mrSm xif&Sm;aomoufaojzpfygw,f/

0ovç jAm[®PrnfxkdufaMumif; pwk0Dowdr*gxm

24/ aom ,oH y&rH yawåm? rmwa*Fg,H ok'kv’bH/

tm*ÍäKH wóky|meH? cwåd,m jAm[®Pm A[l/

qkdvkd&if;t"dyÜg,f / / xkdrmw*F'Gef;p@m;[m jrifhjrwfaom tvGef&EkdifcJhaom t&HtjcH

tausmftaZmokdY a&mufzl;cJhygw,f/ rif;rsKd;ç ykPÖm;rsKd;wkdYonf

xkdrmw*Ftm; &Sdckd;qnf;uyfjcif;odkY a&mufcJhygw,f/

0ovç jAm[®PrnfxkdufaMumif; yÍö0Dowdr*gxm

25/ aom a'0,meH tbd½k,s? 0d&ZH aom r[myxH/

umr&m*H 0d&maZwGm? jA[®avmulya*g t[k/

qkdvkd&if;t"dyÜg,f / / xkdrmw*Fonf psmef,mOf&xm;ukd wufpD;í umr*kPftnpf

taMu;uif;aom olawmfaumif;vrf;ukd oGm;um wPSm&m*

ukdy,fí jAm[®mbkHokdYwufoGm;avNyD/

0ovokwfNyD;\

okwå E Å"r®eDwd

mahar thatipahtarna (singapore) 2016 (dec)

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