1 organic compounds. 2 compoundscarbon hydrogenorganic moleculescompounds that contain carbon and...

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Organic Organic CompoundsCompounds

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Organic Organic CompoundsCompounds

• CompoundsCompounds that contain CARBONCARBON and HYDROGENHYDROGEN are called organic moleculesorganic molecules.

• HydrocarbonsHydrocarbons are organic organic moleculesmolecules that contain onlyonly HYDROGENHYDROGEN and CARBONCARBON.

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Carbon (C)Carbon (C)• CarbonCarbon has 4 electrons4 electrons in the

outer shell.

• CarbonCarbon can form covalent covalent bondsbonds with as many as 4 4 other atoms (elements).

• Usually with C, H, O or NC, H, O or N.

• Example:Example: CHCH44(methane)(methane)

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PolymersPolymers• Large molecule made up of smaller

“building blocks” called MONOMERSMONOMERS.• Examples:Examples:

1.1.CarbohydratesCarbohydrates2.2.LipidsLipids3.3.ProteinsProteins4.4.Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA)Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA)

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HydrocarbonHydrocarbonss

HydrocarbonsHydrocarbons are a type of Organic molecule Organic molecule that contain only HYDROGENHYDROGEN and CARBONCARBON.

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Uses of HydrocarbonsUses of Hydrocarbons• Many are composed of a very long

polymer chain so they can be used to make plastic plastic and synthetic synthetic fibers.fibers.

• Many are combustible combustible so they are used for fuel.– Examples:Examples:

• GasolineGasoline• Jet Fuel Jet Fuel • Diesel OilDiesel Oil

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CarbohydratCarbohydrateses

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CarbohydratesCarbohydrates• Small sugar moleculesSmall sugar molecules to

large sugar moleculeslarge sugar molecules.

• Examples:Examples:A.A. monosaccharidemonosaccharideB.B. disaccharidedisaccharideC.C. polysaccharidepolysaccharide

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CarbohydratesCarbohydratesMonosaccharide: one sugar Monosaccharide: one sugar

unitunit

Examples:Examples: glucose glucose ((C6H12O6)

fructosefructose

galactosegalactose

glucoseglucose

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CarbohydratesCarbohydratesDisaccharide: two sugar unitDisaccharide: two sugar unit

Examples: Examples: – Sucrose (glucose+fructose)Sucrose (glucose+fructose)– Lactose (glucose+galactose)Lactose (glucose+galactose)– Maltose (glucose+glucose)Maltose (glucose+glucose)

glucoseglucoseglucoseglucose

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CarbohydratesCarbohydratesPolysaccharide: many sugar units Polysaccharide: many sugar units

or polymers of sugar.or polymers of sugar.

Examples:Examples: starch (bread, starch (bread, potatoes)potatoes)

glycogen (beef glycogen (beef muscle)muscle)

cellulose (lettuce, cellulose (lettuce, corn)corn)

glucoseglucoseglucoseglucose

glucoseglucoseglucoseglucose

glucoseglucoseglucoseglucose

glucoseglucoseglucoseglucose

cellulosecellulose

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LipidsLipids

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LipidsLipids• General term for compounds which

are not soluble in waternot soluble in water.• Lipids are soluble in other lipidsare soluble in other lipids

• Remember:Remember: “stores the “stores the most most energyenergy””

• Examples: Examples: Fats, Oils, Waxes, CholesterolFats, Oils, Waxes, Cholesterol

Functions:Functions: Long term energy storage,Long term energy storage,

hormones, cell membraneshormones, cell membranes

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ProteinsProteins

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ProteinsProteins• Amino acids (20 different kinds)

• Functions of proteins:Functions of proteins:

1.1. Movement:Movement: musclesmuscles2.2. Structural:Structural: membranes, hair, membranes, hair, nailsnails3.3. Cellular reactions :Cellular reactions : Enzymes Enzymes

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Nucleic Nucleic AcidsAcids

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Nucleic acidsNucleic acids

• Two types:Two types:

a. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)a. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

b. Ribonucleic acid (RNA)b. Ribonucleic acid (RNA)

• Nucleic acids Nucleic acids are composed of long chains of monomers called nucleotidesnucleotides

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