amibio biodivriede2010
TRANSCRIPT
Klaus Riede Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig
Bonn, Germany
Biodiversity monitoring and preservation:
Theory, practice, procedures
Outline
The Challenge: Reduction of Biodiversity Loss – IYB Monitoring Biodiversity Acoustic Monitoring of Biodiversity Infrastructure for Acoustic Monitoring Related Conventions and Projects
The Challenge:
Reduction of biodiversity loss by 2010
• Reduction of biodiversity loss by 2010 is among
the most ambitious targets of the Johannesburg 2002
summit.
• The European Union is even more ambitious
by aiming at a total halt of biodiversity loss
http://www.countdown2010.net/
Good News Bad News
• Political target:
Ecologists and
Environmentalists
are not alone
• How do we measure
loss?
Where is the baseline?
• Implementation:
Even if we know loss:
how do we stop it?
The Extraterrestrial Consultant
The Extraterrestrial Consultant:
“Suppose that a disinterested Martian scientist heard
about the 2010 target and offered its services as a
consultant to advise our species on how to set up an
appropriate monitoring system. The Martian might begin
by asking us why we are concerned about the loss of
nature and what our purpose is in monitoring it. “
The Extraterrestrial Consultant:
The Martian aks about:
Purpose of monitoring,
Magnitude and distribution of benefits,
The Martian finally concludes that benefits from
Biodiversity are large.
The Extraterrestrial Consultant:
The Martian did not get an
answer for a fundamental
question:
How many species on earth?
Do we have a list?
Or an illustrated catalogue?
www.dorsa.de
one problem:
Insect diversity in tropical forest canopies is overwhelming
(gu)estimates from fogging:
30 million Erwin
80 million Stork
Good News
• A well-established
assessment scheme
by the IUCN Red
List
Global Amphibian Assessment
The GAA assessed threat status
and distribution for each of the
5,743 amphibian species
known to science.
More than 520 scientists from
over 60 countries contributed to
the three-year study.
Results provide a baseline for
global amphibian conservation,
and will be used to design
strategies to save the world’s
rapidly declining amphibian
populations
The Panamanian golden frog is one of roughly
110 species of harlequin frog (Atelopus), many of
which are dying out. Although this species still
survives, its numbers have fallen significantly.
35 EXTINCT/EW
427 Critically
Endangered
WWF Living Planet Index
The LPI is the average of three separate
indices measuring changes in
abundance of
555 terrestrial species,
323 freshwater species
267 marine species
around the world.
LIVING PLANET REPORT 2004
RAP, CAMP & TEAM & (ATBIs)
RAP scientists gather and report
information about:
•Vegetation structure and
richness
•Birds
•Mammals
•Reptiles
•Amphibians
•Selected insect groups
RAP conducts terrestrial
biodiversity surveys in Central and
South America, the Asia-Pacific
region, and Africa.
Conservation Assessment Medicinal Plants (CAMP)
Conservation Assessment and Management Plan (CAMP
Tropical Ecology, Assessment & Monitoring
(TEAM) Initiative
"All Taxa Biodiversity Inventories" (ATBIs)
Outline
The Challenge: Reduction of Biodiversity Loss – IYB Monitoring Biodiversity Acoustic Monitoring of Biodiversity Infrastructure for Acoustic Monitoring Related Conventions and Projects
Basic inventorying and monitoring:
collection of specimens
... or observation:
Presence data !
• scientific name • locality (+ lat/lon)
• date
Advanced monitoring schemes:
Movement tracks (satellite telemetry)
Ciconia ciconia - White stork
appr. 10,000 data points (1991-2003, MPI Ornithology:Berthold et al.)
Distribution:
Expected area
Outline
polygon
distributon
(cheetah)
Point distribution
(Eurasian lynx)
Chance observation
Kills
Raster cell distributon
(Iberian lynx)
Occupied
Not occupied
Area of occupancy
Presence/absence data
Courtesy:
Urs Breitenmoser
Advanced monitoring schemes:
Databases for single individuals:
otters, gorillas, whales....
Humpback fluke identification photos can be
catalogued with information about the date
and time of the sighting, pod composition,
travel direction, and presence / absence of a
calf.
More than two thousand humpback
whales have been individually identified in
the North Pacific.
New technologies:
Radar
Radio/Satellite/GPS telemetry
Genetic fingerprinting/bar-coding
Isotope markers
Phototraps
Acoustic monitoring
Mobile peer-to-peer (MP2P) for inter-animal telemetry using acoustic business card (BC) tags
Goal:
- Data on inter-individual interactions in fishes
- Transmitter and Receiver in one unit
© www.fishbase.org
Carcharhinus galapagensis
Data received from one BC Holland et al. 2009
© www.vemco.com
Transmitter (Coded tags)
Holland et al. 2009
Technical specification:
Outcome:
Outline
The Challenge: Reduction of Biodiversity Loss – IYB Monitoring Biodiversity Acoustic Monitoring of Biodiversity Infrastructure for Acoustic Monitoring Related Conventions and Projects
ACOUSTIC DETECTIONS OF SINGING HUMPBACK WHALES IN DEEP WATERS OFF THE BRITISH ISLES
Russell A. Charif, Phillip J. Clapham & Christopher W. Clark Marine Mammal Science 17 (2006), 751 - 768
Dialects
Bioacoustic recording and classification of Orthoptera allows non-invasive Rapid Assessment of species communities, particularly in species-rich tropical forest habitats
Species discovery: species presence/absence species ranges/endemisms
The vision
Species monitoring: species abundance activity patterns community patterns extirpation rates species recovery
Stridulation Ensifera Acrididae
landscapes
soundscapes
Valdiere (Piemonte, Italy) Poring (Sabah, Malaysia - Borneo)
Rio Aguarico (Ecuador - Amazonia) Barro Colorado Island (Panama)
State of the art Datasets Lessons Infrastructure Hot spots
20 kHz
0
20 kHz
0
Cicadas are a main component of SEA dusk chorus
Acoustic grasshopper identification is used in temperate habitats (grasslands)
From: Bellmann, H.:Heuschrecken: beobachten, bestimmen 1993
Chorthippus mollis ignifer Ramme, 1923
Acoustic Orthoptera identification is used
in temperate habitats (Europe)
Acoustic profiles of Orthoptera communities in...
Ecuadorian lowland and mountain forest: Riede 1993,Nischk & Riede 2001 Acoustic monitoring protocol Brandes 2004 - TEAM Conservation Int.
State of the art Datasets Lessons Infrastructure Hot spots
Orthoptera abundance in European grasslands Gardiner, T, Hill, J., Chesmore, D. 2005
Acoustic entropy in Tanzanian forest: Sueur, J. et al. 2008
Orthoptera in an Indian forest: Diwakar, Jain,& Balakrishnan 2007
Cricket recordings North America: Walker 1964-2009
O
o o O O
Australian crickets:
Otte & Alexander 1983
Amphibians of Hymettus area Example for available sound files:
PR = Mating call
WT = Water temperature
Mammals of Hymettus area
Group Nr. of species Reference sound file available at ZFMK
Rodents 18 4
Bats 13 6
Marten-like 3 3
Large mammals 2 1
Canide 1 1
Source: The Atlas of European Mammals (1999)
© www.fledermausschutz.ch
Bats of Hymettus area
© www.fledermausschutz.ch
Serotine Bat (Eptesicus serotinus)
Echolocation calls of bats:
Eptesicus serotinus
Migratory birds Hymettus area
Source: GROMS database
In total 104 species of 30 families.
Outline
The Challenge: Reduction of Biodiversity Loss – IYB Monitoring Biodiversity Acoustic Monitoring of Biodiversity Infrastructure for Acoustic Monitoring Related Conventions and Projects
DORSA - Deutsche Orthopterensammlungen
- Digital Orthoptera Specimen Access
www.dorsa.de
Specimen-based database of German museum collections:
9000 (type) specimens from 9 collections
A Virtual Museum with images, sounds and maps
28,000 Images
10,000 sounds, all with voucher specimens
Available at www.dorsa.de (static html, map server)
and through dynamic database access
Creating the infrastructure: databases
OSF: 140 taxa with songs Systax: 2268 songs,
641 species
http://Orthoptera.SpeciesFile.org http://www.biologie.uni-ulm.de/systax/
Sounds must be considered as objects, having been recorded by
<person> at <time> and <place>
DORSA: 4000 sound recordings
SPONSORED BY THE
Sustainable use and conservation of biological diversity, 1–4 December 2003, Berlin
Outline
The Challenge: Reduction of Biodiversity Loss – IYB Monitoring Biodiversity Acoustic Monitoring of Biodiversity Infrastructure for Acoustic Monitoring Related Projects
Macaulay
From profiling to protocols
TROPICAL ECOLOGY, ASSESSMENT, AND MONITORING INITIATIVE Acoustic Monitoring Protocol
T. Scott Brandes, 2003
Automatic recording: www.arbimon,.net
Arbimon stations
Arbimon soundscapes
Arbimon web-based sound analysis: identification of Regions of Interest (ROIs)
XBAT
Outline
The Challenge: Reduction of Biodiversity Loss – IYB Monitoring Biodiversity Acoustic Monitoring of Biodiversity Infrastructure for Acoustic Monitoring Related Conventions and Projects
Convention on Biological Diversity
The CBD has three aims (Art. 1 CBD):
The conservation of biological diversity
The sustainable use of its components
The fair and equitable sharing of the
benefits arising out of the
utilisation of genetic resources
- Key Convention adopted at 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro
- 193 Parties (168 Signatures) - 2010 Biodiversity Target:
Parties committed themselves to a more effective and coherent implementation of the three objectives
of the Convention, to achieve by 2010 a significant reduction of the current rate of biodiversity loss
at the global, regional and national level
as a contribution to poverty alleviation and to the benefit of all life on earth.
National Biodiv-Strategies
Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF)
Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF)
Related EU projects
LifeWatch
