america’s history sixth edition chapter 8 creating a republican culture, 1790-1820 copyright ©...
TRANSCRIPT
America’s HistorySixth Edition
CHAPTER 8
Creating a Republican Culture, 1790-1820
Copyright © 2008 by Bedford/St. Martin’s and Matthew Ellington, Ruben S. Ayala High School
Henretta • Brody • Dumenil
1. The Capitalist Commonwealth– Banks, Manufacturing, and Markets– Transportation Bottlenecks and Government Initiatives– Public Policy: The Commonwealth System
2. Toward a Democratic Republican Culture– Social and Political Equality for White Men– Toward a Republican System of Marriage– Raising and Educating Republican Children
3. Aristocratic Republicanism and Slavery– The Revolution and Slavery, 1776-1800– The North and South Grow Apart– The Missouri Crisis, 1819-1821
4. Protestant Christianity as a Social Force– A Republican Religious Order– The Second Great Awakening– Women’s New Religious Roles
1A: Banks, Manufacturing, and Markets
• “Republicanism” had different meanings for people
• Banking and rural manufacturing gave rise to a new capitalist economy
• Panic of 1819: led to hostility against banks and foreshadowed regular business cycle
• Market economy drawbacks: environmental damage, more work, economic dependence
1B: Transportation Bottlenecks and Government Initiatives
• Private turnpikes (e.g. Lancaster in PA) and canals (e.g. Erie in NY) greatly improved transportation
• Federal government did not fund many “internal improvements” due to Republican opposition
1C: Public Policy: The Commonwealth System
• States legislatures and courts aided road, canal, and dam companies
• Charters, monopolies, eminent domain, and limited liability were granted
2A: Social and Political Equality for White Men
• American society rewarded individual achievement and wealth over inherited position
• More white men gained the right to vote while states excluded women and blacks
2B: Toward a Republican System of Marriage
• Sentimentalism encouraged marriage for love
• Republican ideals (political equality) led to changes
2C: Republican Motherhood
• Birthrate declined sharply beginning in late 1700s
• Society began to view women as keeper’s of virtue
2D: Raising and Educating Republican Children
• Parenting differed between rural and upper class
• Schooling seen as necessary only for 3 R’s
• Little American literature of note until 1830s
3A: The Revolution and Slavery, 1776-1800
• Tens of thousands gained freedom in US Revolution
• Northern states slowly outlawed slavery after the war
• Prosser uprising and need for slaves in deep south turned many whites against emancipation
3B: The North and South Grow Apart
• Slavery led to cultural/educational differences
• Cotton boom, new southern states increased slavery
• American Colonization Society failed to export slaves
3C: The Missouri Crisis
• Tallmadge amendment tried to end slavery in MO
• Slavery from “necessary evil” to “positive good”
• Clay’s Missouri Compromise postponed a crisis
4A: A Republican Religious Order
• Rev. War encouraged separation of church & state
• States usually provided indirect aid to churches
4B: The Second Great Awakening
• Baptists and Methodists gained most during revivals--they were self-governing, emotional
• Circuit preachers such as Finney traveled large areas
• Slave Christianity focused on plight of Hebrews in OT
• Second Great Awakening fostered religious cooperation and reform movements
4C: Women’s New Religious Roles
• Christian republicanism bolstered women’s authority
• Women were 70% of Congregationalists by 1820
• Women took over school teaching profession