America’s HistorySixth Edition

CHAPTER 18

The Industrial City: Building It, Living in It

Copyright © 2009 by Bedford/St. Martin’s and Matthew Ellington, Ruben S. Ayala High School

Henretta • Brody • Dumenil

1. UrbanizationA. City Innovation

B. Private City, Public City

2. Upper Class/Middle Class A. The Urban Elite B. The Suburban World C. Middle-Class Families

3. City Life A. Newcomers B. Ward Politics C. Religion in the City D. City Amusements E. The Higher Culture

Chapter 18: The Industrial City: Building It, Living It

• Factories moved from the countryside to cities causing urban growth, sprawl and a need for innovation

• Congestion led to mass transit: trolleys, subways, “els”

• Technology and need for density led to skyscrapers

• Electric street lights, light bulb lit cities and homes

Part 1: Urbanization1A: City Innovation

• Cities shaped by profit motive, not well planned at first

• Infrastructure grew, but poor and environment suffered

• Reformers, “city beautiful” movement helped some

Part 1: Urbanization1B: Private City, Public City

• Displays of wealth, clubs, residence set rich apart

• Old wealth resented but was overrun by new wealth

Part 2: Upper Class/Middle Class2A: The Urban Elite

• Middle class preferred privacy of the suburbs

• 25% of employed Americans were white collar in 1910

• All major US cities experienced suburbanization which sacrificed sense of community for work and family

Part 2: Upper Class/Middle Class2B: The Suburban World

• Work, family life separated as industrialism progressed

• Wife’s job was domestic: to manage the household

• Some women and men rebelled against marriage

Part 2: Upper Class/Middle Class2C: Middle Class Families

• Comstock Law, Gibson Girls showed social tensions

• Adolescence emerged as attitude about kids changed

• 14 million lived in cities over 100,000 in size by 1910

Part 3: City Life3A: Newcomers

• Immigrants clustered in ghettos with their own kind

• Blacks began to urbanize but suffered discrimination

• Bosses, political machines controlled big city politics

• Boss Tweed of Tammany Hall stood as symbol of city corruption and was eventually brought down

Part 3: City Life3B: Ward Politics

• Immigrants had to reconcile faith with secular city life

Billy Sunday preaching to an urban crowd

Part 3: City Life3C: Religion in the City

• Salvation Army &YMCA reached out to poorer city folk

• Dwight Moody, Billy Sunday brought revivals to cities

• Music halls, vaudeville houses, movies attracted many

• Sports, especially baseball, became very popular

• Hearst, Pulitzer encouraged “yellow journalism”

Part 3: City Life3D: City Amusements

• Museums, libraries, music flourished in big cities

• Wealthy patrons supported the arts and learning

A Carnegie-funded public library built in 1902

Part 3: City Life3E: The Higher Culture