amanu_unit 6.14

7/23/2019 Amanu_Unit 6.14

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Leadership and

Management

[Type the author name]

The study explains the leadership and management.

7/23/2019 Amanu_Unit 6.14


Executive Summary:

The following strategy focused on the leadership and management’s importance in the

organization. Leadership describing the leading quality and management defining the

managerial process and general activities of the organization. Management includes the basic

activities of the organization counting planning, organizing, staffing, controlling activities.

This study explain the motivational theories and its importance in increasing efficiency of the

organization and elaborating importance of teamwor.

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Table of Contents

Introduction:.......................................................................................................... 2

Task .....................................................................................................................!

Task 2....................................................................................................................."

Task !...................................................................................................................2

Task #...................................................................................................................#

Conclusion...........................................................................................................$

%eferences:.......................................................................................................... "

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Introduction:

Management and leadership is very well nown concept and largely discussed in business

world. To be efficient and to compete in competitive maret of business manager and

management have to be competent. The following discussion moves on with the various perspective of management and leadership along with motivational activities and discussing

importance of team wor.

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Task

A.C 1.1: an analysis of the concepts of leadership and management.

Leadership:

Leadership is the way of directing and influencing a group of people to reach in a set up

goal.. Leadership is the process of influencing individual or to a group of individuals.

Leadership is change oriented. !ere, a leader influences a group of individuals to achieve a

common goal. "nlie management, leadership can’t be taught. Leadership is the inherent

aptitudes which can be broaden by proper training.

Leader must have relevant power. #ower enabling the ability to change other’s behaviour.

$ithout proper power, no one can be a leader. %o, power is the most important thing in

leadership. &s, power is defined as the ability to change other’s behaviour. $ho can’t change

others behaviour, can’t be a leader.

Management:

Management is the way of getting wor done by others or employees. Management is

nothing but utilizing the resources of organization. %ome specific %et up activities deals with

organization’s resources to achieve organizational goal and ob'ectives efficiently and

effectively is called management.

Management is result oriented, not change oriented lie leadership. Management activities

are based on four basic &ctivities counting #lanning, organizing, Leading, (ontrolling.

#lanning) #lanning is fixing a goal and deciding how to reach that goal. !ere,

deciding a goal is *goal setting+ step and deciding how to reach that goal is *plansetting+ step.

rganizing) rganizing means how best to arrange organizational resources and

organizational activities.

Leading) Leadership is an influence which changes behaviour’s comes from external

sources.

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(ontrolling- (ontrolling means measuring or monitoring organizational performance

towards organizational goal.

%ome management expert intends to add *%tuffing+ as a basic function of management.

!owever, every function is interrelated to each other according to their activities.

A.C 1.2: An evaluation of the ey management and leadership theories

There are some prominent management and leadership theories to achieve organizational goal

and to enrich organizational efficiency. !ere we go with some famous management and

leadership theories.

Management theories:

Many writers expressed their opinion differently about the term *management theory+. %ome

well)nown and basic theories of management-

%cientific management theory- & very prominent theory of management is scientific

management theory. This theory was developed by * $ Taylor+. The main theme of scientific management theory is the same resource but changing method which

increases production. &ccording to scientific management theory, management is

nothing but increasing production by changing wor method.

Taylor had two main contributions to scientific management theory)

/0 %cientific management process

10 2ifferential rate system

(lassical management theory- (lassical management theory provides basic

framewor of management. This theory has given a common or universal definition

of management.

3t was developed through /455)/465 in the early age of industrialization. 3n the early age

of industrial revolution, most of the worers become dissatisfied for their woring

condition and wor place, and for some basic needs. That time managers tried to solve

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those possible problems. #rimarily, those problem solving methods used widely in most

of the organization.7education)portal,15/80

9ehavioural management theory- 9ehavioural theory of management explains the

relationship between behaviour of worers and production methods.

*:lton Mayo+ first showed the relationship between worers behaviour and wor

method. !e showed this relationship by the study named *!owthorne studies+ an

experiment done by two separate but inter related research.7(liffsnotes,15/80

Management %cience- Management science is very recent theory of management.

"sing statistics and mathematics to improve management process is management

science. ;umerical tools and technique say for #:<T used by manager in terms of

decision maing.

Leadership !heories:

To enhance the :xcellency of leadership and to have a better understanding some leadership

theories been developed.

i0 Trait theory

ii0 Leadership behaviour theory

iii0 %ituational theory of leadership

iv0 unctional leadership theory

!rait !heory- There is an old and most common theory of leadership is *Trait theory+. Main

theme of this theory is leader cannot be made, leader can be by born. #eople born with some

traits. Those traits cannot be made, who can posses those traits as the part his personality, he

can be a good leader. !owever, it is not clear regarding the traits which are needed to be a

good and effective leader.

Leadership "ehaviour theory- &s trait theory fail to find out the criteria to be an effective

leader, this theory of leadership originated. 3t said that, a leader’s behaviour influence the

overall activities of worers. &s the behaviour of a leader a leader can be) The bureaucratic

leader, The charismatic leader, The autocratic leader, The democratic leader, The laissez)faire

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7=let do=0 leader, The people)oriented leader, The tas)oriented leader, The servant leader,

The transactional leader, The transformational leader, The environment leader etc.

Managerial >rid is the most popular leadership behavioural model.

Situational theory of leadership- This theory said that, leadership depends on situation.

"nder this theory, there are many theory of situational leadership. *L.#.( theory+ is one of

them. This theory was developed by iedler. !e states that, there are three types of leadership

situation.

/. Most favourable situation

1. Most unfavourable situation

6. Moderate favourable situation

!ere, every situation has some factor and leader’s decision depends on the factor of situation.

#unctional leadership theory- unctional leadership theory states that, leader is always tas

oriented. Leader expects highest output from his sub ordinates. To do a 'ob more perfectly, a

leader expect more and more contribution from his group under control.7vectorstudy,15/80

AC 1.$: an assessment of the challenges of leadership and management practice.

!ere we try to find out the challenge of leadership and management practice.

Challenges of leadership and management practice:

Though leadership and management are separate sometimes it becomes difficult to mae

separate them from each other. 3t is the important challenge of practicing leadership and

management separately. !ere are a strong discussion about the challenge of leadership and

management practice-

%lo"ali&ation- 3n management practice globalization is most important challenge. Manager

must have aware about the present business and economic situation oh the whole world.

'olitical situation- #olitical situation of home and abroad be considered as another important

challenge of management and leadership practice.

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Social media- social media is an important way to promote product. 3t is a big challenge for

management?leadership to choose a perfect media to promote product and organization in

recent days.

!echnology- Technology maes easier to accomplish an organizational goal. 9ut choosing a

proper technology, using of it and getting proper benefit from this technology consider as the

main challenge of a manager ?leader.

(verload of information- Technology maes easier to access in more information which

sometimes seems challenging to tae better information for a leader?manager.

Complex environment- ;ow, business and commercial environment is too much complex.

This complexity is another challenge of a manager?leader.

7 elementaryeducationdegreehq,15/80

Task 2

AC 2.1: An analysis of the ey motivational theories and ho) they influence

organi&ational success.

Motivation is the enlargement of encourage the to pay more attention to their 'obs.

Motivation is an internal force which accelerates the worforce behavior towards

achievement of goals. orce which cannot change behavior is not motivation. $ithout

motivation no performance will happen. Motivation is the ey employs factor of

performance.

Motivational theories- There are a lot of motivational theories. &mong them, here we analyze

some ey motivational theories)

*ierarchy theory of need:

3t is the basic theory of Maslow. !e states that, #eople have five basic needs which is fulfilled

gradually. These five needs can be categorized into two needs

/. 9asic needs 7 irst four need of chart0

1. >rowth needs 7 %elf actualization0

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7%ource of chart- implypsychology0

3t is an old motivational theory but Maslow described that every need come gradually

which id criticized.

E+% theory- 3t is 'ust modification form of Maslow’s theory. !ere needs are converted into

five to three. These three needs are@

/. :xistence 7combination of psychological need and security need.0

1. <elatedness 7 combination of belongingness and something from

esteem0

6. >rowth 7 combination of something from esteem and self

actualization0

:<> can come in a different combination but in a step.

!)o factor theory: This theory developed by redric !erzberg. !e states that, there are two

factors which influence motivation. Those are@

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*ygiene factors- 9asic need of an worers are hygiene factor. Those are the right of labor.

#resence of those factors doesn’t create satisfaction but absence of those factors creates

dissatisfactions.

Motivational factors- Those are called higher needs. &bsence of those factors doesn’t create

dissatisfaction but presence of those factors create more satisfaction.7analytictech,15/80

E,uity !heory: human always compare with others. 3t is because, no one lies to be under

rewarded than others. %o it is very important to mae the perception to worer that, everyone

is equally rewarded according to their output7&nalytictech,15/80

Motivational theories influence in organi&ational success:

Motivational theory whose was discussed earlier mae a great influence to organizational

success. organizational success depends on the achieving goal which was set up in earlier.

$orers are the main ey elements to achieve goal. To achieve goal, every worer have to

perform their best. $orers will contribute their best effort if he is satisfied. &nd he will

satisfied only when worer will thin that, he is getting enough for his contribution. 3f

sometimes worer get unexpected extra reward he will be more satisfied and try his level best

to do his 'ob perfectly.

3ncreasing productivity) is the ey element of an organization’s success. Motivated or

satisfied worer give his best effort in production, which helps to increase productivity and

achieve organizational goal. 2ifferent motivational theories influence in organization as

follows-

Maslow’s hierarchy theory shows five need level. :mployee %atisfaction is not same

in every need level. %ome are basic need oriented and some may be social need

oriented. %o, it is to understand by manager which need is preferred by employee.

nly fulfilling his expected need can motivate employee which will increase

productivity and lead organization in their success point.

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:<> theory can originate in different combination. Manager has to now about the

combination of employees need to satisfy their need combination and accelerate the

rate of production.

Two factor theory of motivation is very much important in term of being success of

an organization. Manager has to must aware about the hygiene factor as those are

basic needs of employees. &fter that motivational factor grow satisfaction which

ultimately increase production by employee according to group goal.

:quity theory deals with equal reward. 3f a employer rewarded equally or under

rewarded they will nit be motivated. :mployee will only be motivated ,when they

will be over rewarded.

AC 2.$- An analysis of the contri"ution of performance management techni,ues as

organi&ational processes.

#erformance management techniques7#MT0 is the ey tool to enhance the effective

performance of employee. Auality of employee’s performance can be increased by

maintaining performance management techniques. #MT contributes as organizational process

in following ways-

/. 3t should mae clear that what a manager exactly want from employee. Bnowing the

specific responsibility, employee will obey the responsibilities on which he has to

responsible to his leader.

1. 3t is to mae clear the organizational ob'ectives to employees as well as their specific

tas criteria. 3t will help an employee to mae his ,ind for his specific tas.

6. :mployee commitment to wor is very much important to increase performance. %o

leader has to tae commitment from every employee to fulfill ob'ectives.

8. :very staff performance should be monitored properly.

C. &fter monitoring performance of employee it is needed to mae them correct if any

fault seen in their activity.

D. %ometimes in the middle of tas, motivation may need to employee. 3t may be

financial or non financial whatever needed for employees

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E. &fter evaluating any tas, it is to explain their performance to them. This explanation

must be clear to employee. &ny inds of complex language should avoid.

F. Leader can criticize in proper way as well as can mae them correct to do a tas. nly

criticism can discourage employee. Maing correction must be needed with criticism

to increase the performance of employees.7 /5mmt,15/10

!ere we see that, in an organization performance management techniques contributes lie

organizational process.

Task !

A.C $.1 An evaluation of the role of leadership and management in employee motivation

To achieve organizational success it is very much needed to motivate employees. :mployee

motivation is much complex tas than any other tas because human mind is more difficult to

read. !uman resource management is always hard and complex than any other management

process. To motivate employee management and leadership have to play a vital role as

because employee satisfaction is the ey element of increasing productivity. Management has

to motivate and handle their employee very carefully as their doesn’t grow any

dissatisfaction. !ere are tried to discussed about the role of leadership and management in

employee motivation-

orcing an employee doesn’t give expected output. %o while dealing with employee

management has to mae sure that, employees is not in a condition of force. 3t is

manager’s duty to get his tas done from employee with positive way.

:mployees can expect good behavior from their leader. :xpected good behavior is

one ind of motivation. %o manager and leader has to deal with employee with good

manner and behavior. Thus employees can be motivated by getting his expected

behavior which create satisfaction among them.

Managers and leaders have to set up their wor goal align with employee wor goal.

3t will be easier to evaluate employee’s performance according to their combined

goal. 3t also be easier for employee to do tas according to combined goal.

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Managers and leader have to be aware about the individual need of every employee.

:very employee’s need and satisfactory level wouldn’t be same. %o manager should

now the satisfactory level each of them.

Manager or leader can motivate his employees by establishing himself as an example.:mployee will be motivated and be encouraged to do tas as the leader do.

To motivate employee, leader and manager has to establish fair system in every step

of wor. &ny ind of partiality or biasness to a definite employee can grow

dissatisfaction among other employees. %o it is very important to mae everything

clean and fair to every employee.

3f leader and manager tae decision with sharing and hearing from employees, here

employees thought themselves as an important fact to do wor, and they will try dowor with their level best to eep their importance in decision maing.

&nother role of a leader to motivate employee is to act as a good communicator.

:ffective communication can only influence them to mae a tas done.

&fter allocating tas to employee, there may raise different problem. & leader has to

be ready to solve those problems and to guide subordinate in proper way. 3t is another

way of motivate employee to wor.

:veryone be pleased if rewarded. $hen leader and manager give proper complement

for any done wor or give financial reward lie bonus) employee become more

motivated to accomplish wor successful in future.

#roper employee recognition needed to motivate employees

#roper $oring environment is one of the most important way to motivate employee.

Managers have to create an employee oriented wor environment to motivate

employees of the organization.7forbes,15/10

Task #

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.A.C .1 - An analysis of the development of teams

& team is an important tool to which helps to reach in set up target. >roup wor or team wor

gives more fruitful result than any individual tas. 3n group wor it can be said that,1G1HC,

which is nown as theory of synergy.

To wor in team it is needed to develop teams according to 'ob classification. 2evelopment

of team is one ind of 'ob designing where employees wor as a group to achieve a goal, than

woring as individual worers. &n effective team development can increase the creativity and

productivity of worers. %o developing teams effectively mae sure the success of wor.

To develop an active and effective team there should follow some stage. *<ight people in

right place+ can be the motto while developing teams. ollowing stage should be followed to

develop effective teams-

/0 orming team is the first stage of developing a team. 3n this stage it is to decide more

carefully that which employee will be fit for which tas. 3n this forming stage, every

employee of group must get to now each other. &t forming stage team member has to

now about those things-

• Mission of pro'ect

• Main phase of mission

• #ro'ect schedule7rough0

• <esponsibility of each members.

10 %econd stage of team development is storming. 3t the process of nowing every issue

of conflict and competition among employees or group. :mployees ideas, feelings,

attitude, belief can be shared with in organization in this stage. 9efore forward in next

stage, :very team member has to prove themselves having posses the problem solving

ability to accomplish wor.

60 ;orming stage is the third stage of team development. 3n this stage employee has the

willingness to change their belief with the logical consultation of others. !ere every

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employee acnowledges others contribution, and team issues be solved with

everyone’s effort. &ll team cannot reach this stage at a time.

80 3n this stage also, every team cannot reach. 3n this stage team members become more

and more tas oriented and people oriented during wor. :very team wor with more

togetherness to reach in their whole destination.7boundless,15/80

AC .2- An analysis of the roles and models of team leadership

+oles of team leadership: Leader has to perform vital role to develop a group. <oles of team

Leadership can be analyzed as below

• Leader has to always aware about the mission and vision of team.

• & leader has to try to mae his team a star team among all. 3t is not a fact whether

there have any star member or not. & leader can mae a team star with his good and

effective leadership.

• & leader can mae an wor interesting which encourage others to perform well.

• Motivation can mae employee to more die hard to his wor. &n good leader can

motive his employee when needed.

•

Monitoring the every team member and mae proper correction is another importantrole of team leader.

Models of team leadership: from the several team leadership model, an important and

widely used model is !ill’s model of team leadership.

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%ource of table- ;orthouse, >. 7155E0.

3t can be categorized into 8 levels. they are-

• Top level- leaders mental situation has an effect in effective team performance.

• %econd level- internal and external team leadership step is second level

• Third level- this level is tas oriented, influenced by environment

• 9ottom level- !ere we see the four steps of team leadership model. in inal step, it

is evaluated that whether above three steps creates high #erformance through

2evelopment and Maintenance functions.7/555ventures,15/80

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AC $.$- an evaluation of the role and usefulness of teams )ithin the organi&ation

<ole and usefulness of team within an organization can’t be ignore at all. To accomplish tas

in more effectively, it is very much need to do tas with group than individually. 3t is because

in group tas many mind and their thoughts can be accumulated to perform a tas which may

create more creativity. 3t helps an organization to reach in their destination. !ere we can

evaluate the role and usefulness of teams within organization as follows-

• *&daptability+ with new technology and globalization can possible with group wor.

3t increases the ability of worers equally.

• Multiple strategy often implemented in various team wor. 3t helps an organization to

develop their strategic management process.

• $hen wor divided into teams, it is needed to lead every team by one individual for

one team. This team leadership may change after completing any specific tas. 3t’s

helps organization’s employees to develop their leadership qualities gradually.

Conclusion

The study explained the role and importance of the leadership and management and slightly

distinguished difference between them. & leader is a person who accompanied power through

his inherent power of charming and charismatic personality. n the other hand manager or

management is a platform to perform on the basis of the recruitment. %omeway leadership is

a earned power where management is defined power. To be successful in the managerial level

of organization one has to be a perfect manager having leadership quality to achieve goals of

the organization.

%eferences:

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