Allegory Allegory

Definition of Allegory: Definition of Allegory: Example Example Terrible ThingsTerrible Things

al·le·go·ry al·le·go·ry  [ állə gàwree ]    [ állə gàwree ]    symbolic work: a work in which the symbolic work: a work in which the

characters and events are to be understood characters and events are to be understood as representing other things and as representing other things and symbolically expressing a deeper, often symbolically expressing a deeper, often spiritual, moral, or political meaningspiritual, moral, or political meaning

symbolic expression of meaning in symbolic expression of meaning in story: the symbolic expression of a deeper story: the symbolic expression of a deeper meaning through a story or scene acted out meaning through a story or scene acted out by human, animal, or mythical charactersby human, animal, or mythical characters

genre: allegories considered as a literary or genre: allegories considered as a literary or artistic genreartistic genre

Synonyms: symbol, parable, fable, Synonyms: symbol, parable, fable, metaphor, extended metaphor, story, talemetaphor, extended metaphor, story, tale

December 11December 11 Have you heard of Dante’s Have you heard of Dante’s InfernoInferno?? Terrible ThingsTerrible Things Psalm 23: Remember “the Valley of the Psalm 23: Remember “the Valley of the

Shadow of Death” p. 88 Shadow of Death” p. 88 Background on Dante & Background on Dante & InfernoInferno

Group Work: December 17Group Work: December 171.1. We will read “Scholar & Public Servant” pp We will read “Scholar & Public Servant” pp

732-733 together. 732-733 together. Identify important and non-essential details. Identify important and non-essential details. Write a 25 –word summary on your own.Write a 25 –word summary on your own.

2. You will be assigned ONE more section with 2. You will be assigned ONE more section with your group.your group.

Identify important and non-essential details. Identify important and non-essential details. Write a 25 word summary & to share.Write a 25 word summary & to share. Be prepared to share this with the class.Be prepared to share this with the class.

3. Add all the Summaries to your notetaker.3. Add all the Summaries to your notetaker.1. 1. Scholar & Public ServantScholar & Public Servant 4. Dante’s Inspiration4. Dante’s Inspiration2. Florence & Its Politics 2. Florence & Its Politics 5. 5. The Divine ComedyThe Divine Comedy3. Political Life & Exile3. Political Life & Exile 6. Build Background6. Build Background

Summaries – Period 6Summaries – Period 6 Scholar & Public ServantScholar & Public Servant

– He was born in the city of Florence, He was born in the city of Florence, Italy. He had a good education and he Italy. He had a good education and he taught himself to write verse at the age taught himself to write verse at the age of 18.of 18.

Florence/PoliticsFlorence/Politics– Florence became the banking center of Florence became the banking center of

a growing commercial economy. It a growing commercial economy. It prospered from trade with the Middle prospered from trade with the Middle East and they later had conflict between East and they later had conflict between two feuding familes.two feuding familes.

Summaries – Period 6Summaries – Period 6 Political Life/ExilePolitical Life/Exile

– The Gulphs split into two groups: the blacks The Gulphs split into two groups: the blacks and the whites and because Dante sided and the whites and because Dante sided with the “whites”, the Black Gulphs banished with the “whites”, the Black Gulphs banished Dante from Florence.Dante from Florence.

– He rose from a lower position to a higher He rose from a lower position to a higher position in his political appointments – position in his political appointments – worked in government.worked in government.

Dante’s InspirationDante’s Inspiration– Dante’s Inspiration while in Hell was from a Dante’s Inspiration while in Hell was from a

woman named Beatrice who he had fallen woman named Beatrice who he had fallen love with after meeting her and Virgil the love with after meeting her and Virgil the Poet.Poet.

Summaries – Period 6Summaries – Period 6 The Divine ComedyThe Divine Comedy

– Dante’s masterpiece was finished in Dante’s masterpiece was finished in 1321 comprised of three sections; 1321 comprised of three sections; “Inferno”, “Purgatorio”, “Paradiso”. “Inferno”, “Purgatorio”, “Paradiso”. Written in Written in terza rimaterza rima, it’s about Dante’s , it’s about Dante’s journey through the realms.journey through the realms.

Build BackgroundBuild Background– There are 3 sections of Hell the first is There are 3 sections of Hell the first is

The Inferno. Each section is split into The Inferno. Each section is split into three. The further down you travel in three. The further down you travel in Hell, the more severe the punishment.Hell, the more severe the punishment.

Summaries – Period 8Summaries – Period 8 Scholar & Public ServantScholar & Public Servant

– By the age of 18, Dante taught himself By the age of 18, Dante taught himself how to write verse. Dante served in the how to write verse. Dante served in the army growing up, but afterwards he army growing up, but afterwards he pursued a career in politics and pursued a career in politics and diplomacy.diplomacy.

Florence/PoliticsFlorence/Politics– The self-governed Florence prospered The self-governed Florence prospered

greatly from trade with the Middle East greatly from trade with the Middle East in Asia. It was the banking center of a in Asia. It was the banking center of a commercial economy as well.commercial economy as well.

Summaries – Period 8Summaries – Period 8 Political Life/ExilePolitical Life/Exile

– Serving as an occasional ambassador of Italy, Serving as an occasional ambassador of Italy, Dante siding with the White Gulphs went Dante siding with the White Gulphs went against the Pope, and was therefore banished, against the Pope, and was therefore banished, living life in exile.living life in exile.

Dante’s InspirationDante’s Inspiration– Dante was betrothed and married as a youth to Dante was betrothed and married as a youth to

Gemma, but all his poetry was about love and Gemma, but all his poetry was about love and the object of his poetic devotion was Beatrice the object of his poetic devotion was Beatrice (?).(?).

Summaries – Period 8Summaries – Period 8 The Divine ComedyThe Divine Comedy

– Dante wrote his best piece during his Dante wrote his best piece during his exile begun in 1308 and finished it in exile begun in 1308 and finished it in 1321 before his death. The poem 1321 before his death. The poem consists of three parts: consists of three parts: “Inferno”, “Inferno”, “Purgatorio”, “Paradiso”. “Purgatorio”, “Paradiso”. He goes on a He goes on a journey.journey.

Build BackgroundBuild Background– The first of 3 parts,The first of 3 parts,The Inferno The Inferno is where is where

Dante and Virgil travel through the nine Dante and Virgil travel through the nine levels of Hell.levels of Hell.

What are the levels and what are their What are the levels and what are their offenses?offenses?

1. 1. LimboLimbo – “neutral people;” neither good nor evil – “neutral people;” neither good nor evil2. 2. The LustfulThe Lustful – betrayed reason for their appetites; excess – betrayed reason for their appetites; excess

passionpassion3. 3. The GluttonousThe Gluttonous – also a sin of excess; usually associated – also a sin of excess; usually associated

with overeatingwith overeating4. 4. The GreedyThe Greedy – excessive concern with material goods – excessive concern with material goods 5. 5. The WrathfulThe Wrathful – excessive anger, associated with – excessive anger, associated with

vengeancevengeance6. 6. HereticsHeretics – those who directly challenged the church – those who directly challenged the church7. 7. The ViolentThe Violent – 3 sublevels – 3 sublevels

violent against people & property, violent against self violent against people & property, violent against self [suicide], & violent against god[suicide], & violent against god

8. 8. FraudsFrauds – deliberate evil (10 sub-levels) – deliberate evil (10 sub-levels)9. 9. Betrayers Betrayers – Traitors & backstabbers (4 sub-levels)– Traitors & backstabbers (4 sub-levels)

December 18December 18

IMAGES

December 21December 21 Review allegory definitionReview allegory definition Begin Canto 1Begin Canto 1

Talking to the TextTalking to the TextLearning PartnerLearning PartnerSmall Group DiscussionSmall Group DiscussionRaise it up to the ClassRaise it up to the Class

: : Cantos III “Talking to the Text” pp 194-200 IR pp 742-748 Anthology or Handout of Cantos – plus RA HandoutCantos III “Talking to the Text” pp 194-200 IR pp 742-748 Anthology or Handout of Cantos – plus RA Handout

Guided Reading QuestionsGuided Reading Questions: Canto I: Canto ILines 1-2Lines 1-2: What is the opening : What is the opening

image?image?Lines 2-5Lines 2-5: How does : How does

remembering it affect the remembering it affect the narrator? (Make a prediction!)narrator? (Make a prediction!)

Lines 6-10Lines 6-10: What is meant by : What is meant by “blunder off the true path?”“blunder off the true path?”

Lines 10-15Lines 10-15: What new image : What new image does the narrator describe?does the narrator describe?

Lines 16-21Lines 16-21: What two things : What two things are being compared in this are being compared in this metaphor?metaphor?

CLASS WORK & HOMEWORKCLASS WORK & HOMEWORK Canto I: Complete Handout and . . .Canto I: Complete Handout and . . .

– Rephrase each “chunked” sectionRephrase each “chunked” section– Finish reading Canto I in anthology beginning on p Finish reading Canto I in anthology beginning on p

739 at line 38.739 at line 38.– ““Thinking Through Literature” p 741 answer 3 Thinking Through Literature” p 741 answer 3

questions.questions.– Summarize Canto I in 25 words!Summarize Canto I in 25 words!– 30 points total30 points total

Canto III: Complete Handout and . . .Canto III: Complete Handout and . . .– ““Thinking Through Literature” p 747Thinking Through Literature” p 747– Summarize Canto III in 30 wordsSummarize Canto III in 30 words– 35 points total35 points total

When Dante falls asleep, he dies. He is on the journey to hell When Dante falls asleep, he dies. He is on the journey to hell through the dark woods facing fears and regrets. He tries to escape.through the dark woods facing fears and regrets. He tries to escape.

Dante is lost on a journey not knowing what’s to come and he is Dante is lost on a journey not knowing what’s to come and he is faced with obstacles which could also be tests. He tries to escape.faced with obstacles which could also be tests. He tries to escape.

Dante is lost in the dark woods and can’t find the right road. He Dante is lost in the dark woods and can’t find the right road. He faces obstacles that hold him back from escaping his fate.faces obstacles that hold him back from escaping his fate.

Dante seems to have lost his way in life and is very afraid. He sees Dante seems to have lost his way in life and is very afraid. He sees signs that help him through his journey giving him hope!signs that help him through his journey giving him hope!

Dante is walking through the woods scared, which soon leads to Dante is walking through the woods scared, which soon leads to hell. He has to overcome obstacles and admit siding with the Pope hell. He has to overcome obstacles and admit siding with the Pope was wrong.was wrong.

Dante is lost in a dark place and while trying to comeback faces Dante is lost in a dark place and while trying to comeback faces three different challenges that are keeping him from finding the three different challenges that are keeping him from finding the right path.right path.

Dante is fighting his foes that banished him and sent him to hell. He Dante is fighting his foes that banished him and sent him to hell. He keeps pushing on no matter what dangers he runs through.keeps pushing on no matter what dangers he runs through.

25 word summaries of Canto I25 word summaries of Canto I

25 word summaries of Canto I25 word summaries of Canto I Dante is trapped inside seclusion. Everything he knows is lost. Dante is trapped inside seclusion. Everything he knows is lost.

He cannot escape because of his own sins. He must conquer He cannot escape because of his own sins. He must conquer his sins to escape.his sins to escape.

Dante gets exiled and is not wanted around so he finds himself Dante gets exiled and is not wanted around so he finds himself on a crazy journey from his past while trying to accept his fate.on a crazy journey from his past while trying to accept his fate.

Dante lost his true path. He was wandering through the dark Dante lost his true path. He was wandering through the dark woods. He finds God. Lust and pride stop him from getting on woods. He finds God. Lust and pride stop him from getting on his path.his path.

Dante is trapped in purgatory and is suffering the Dante is trapped in purgatory and is suffering the consequences and reprecussions of his earlier life and actions. consequences and reprecussions of his earlier life and actions. He is on his way to righteousness.He is on his way to righteousness.

Dante is suffering being trapped in purgatory and is looking Dante is suffering being trapped in purgatory and is looking back at all the bad things he did wrong. He then finally finds back at all the bad things he did wrong. He then finally finds his way.his way.

Dante wanted to run away from his past fears but obstacles Dante wanted to run away from his past fears but obstacles always got in his way. He believed it was over, but fear always got in his way. He believed it was over, but fear followed him.followed him.

Dante describes his journey through hell. He falls into deep Dante describes his journey through hell. He falls into deep depression. Yet, even through this darkness, he has God, even depression. Yet, even through this darkness, he has God, even if he hasn’t realized it.if he hasn’t realized it.

LIST TONE WORDS FOR CANTO ILIST TONE WORDS FOR CANTO I DramaticDramatic ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________

AfraidAfraid ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________

PsychoticPsychotic ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________

Dante passes through the Vestibule and makes his way to the river where Dante passes through the Vestibule and makes his way to the river where he meets the Charon who wants to cross him across the river to get to the he meets the Charon who wants to cross him across the river to get to the other side.other side.

Dante is approaching the depths of Hell. He goes past those who have Dante is approaching the depths of Hell. He goes past those who have done neither good nor bad. He starts seeing the horrors of Hell. The souls done neither good nor bad. He starts seeing the horrors of Hell. The souls are doomed and cursed. They must go to Hell.are doomed and cursed. They must go to Hell.

In confusion, Dante makes his way deeper into Hell. He is standing out in In confusion, Dante makes his way deeper into Hell. He is standing out in the crowd of souls waiting to cross the river. He gets sent away by the old the crowd of souls waiting to cross the river. He gets sent away by the old man who is warning him.man who is warning him.

Dante is taken to the place to choose if he wanted to go to either Hell or Dante is taken to the place to choose if he wanted to go to either Hell or Heaven. There were many dead souls at the river. There were bad souls Heaven. There were many dead souls at the river. There were bad souls cursing the human race at the edge.cursing the human race at the edge.

Dante passes through the Vestibule seeing all the tortured souls and he Dante passes through the Vestibule seeing all the tortured souls and he continues into Hell and sees the ferryman Charon who asks what he and continues into Hell and sees the ferryman Charon who asks what he and Virgil are doing there. Are they lost?Virgil are doing there. Are they lost?

Dante is very depressed and confused about what he is seeing. Virgil is Dante is very depressed and confused about what he is seeing. Virgil is explaining what has happened to the souls. The people he is talking to explaining what has happened to the souls. The people he is talking to may be his mind telling him where to go in life.may be his mind telling him where to go in life.

Dante sees the pain the souls have to go through and pities them. He can’t Dante sees the pain the souls have to go through and pities them. He can’t go to heaven after his situation. He realizes he has a good soul because go to heaven after his situation. He realizes he has a good soul because Charon complains about his presence.Charon complains about his presence.

35 word summaries of Canto III35 word summaries of Canto III

35 word summaries of Canto III35 word summaries of Canto III Dante is going through a dangerous journey and is about to enter the Dante is going through a dangerous journey and is about to enter the

gates of Hell and how this compares to his life and how he changed to gates of Hell and how this compares to his life and how he changed to avoid what Hell has in store for him.avoid what Hell has in store for him.

Dante has the opportunity to have a glimpse of Hell. He sees the souls Dante has the opportunity to have a glimpse of Hell. He sees the souls waiting to cross the river to Hell. They’re also the souls of the neutral waiting to cross the river to Hell. They’re also the souls of the neutral people committed to neither good nor bad.people committed to neither good nor bad.

Dante is comparing Hell with his life because of all the things he was Dante is comparing Hell with his life because of all the things he was going through. He felt no one listened to him but he talked to Virgil. He going through. He felt no one listened to him but he talked to Virgil. He tried to escape from this depression.tried to escape from this depression.

LIST TONE WORDS FOR CANTO III: Dramatic________________________________________________________________________________________________

LIST TONE WORDS FOR CANTO III: ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

HOMEWORK CANTO V HOMEWORK CANTO V (20 pts)(20 pts)Canto VCanto V Name: ______________________Name: ______________________   Create two columns on a sheet of paper OR use handout created by Create two columns on a sheet of paper OR use handout created by

Ms. Gourley. Label two columns:Ms. Gourley. Label two columns:

QUESTIONSQUESTIONS ANSWERSANSWERSList anything they don’t understandList anything they don’t understand or WHAT I NOTICED in the TEXT or WHAT I NOTICED in the TEXT

Try to answer the questions Try to answer the questions OR Mark down information OR Mark down information you noticed or with which you noticed or with which you made a connection while you made a connection while reading which reading which should include should include Literary Elements (metaphors Literary Elements (metaphors and such) & Figurative Languageand such) & Figurative Language

Reverse Side of Paper:Reverse Side of Paper: ““Pause and Reflect” Question p 749Pause and Reflect” Question p 749 ““Thinking Through Literature” three questions on p 752Thinking Through Literature” three questions on p 752 30 Word Summary of Canto V30 Word Summary of Canto V

Answer questions for 4 sections to Answer questions for 4 sections to Cantos VCantos V

Section #1: Who is the devil that Dante and Virgil Section #1: Who is the devil that Dante and Virgil encounter and why? (page 748)encounter and why? (page 748)

Section #2: How does Dante imagine or visualize the Section #2: How does Dante imagine or visualize the Level 2 of Hell? What is the physical description and Level 2 of Hell? What is the physical description and torment of the souls that live there? (approx. page 749)torment of the souls that live there? (approx. page 749)

Section #3: Dante asks who has been sent to Level 2 Section #3: Dante asks who has been sent to Level 2 and why? Who are the inhabitants and tortured souls and why? Who are the inhabitants and tortured souls of hell and why are they here? (approx. page 750)of hell and why are they here? (approx. page 750)

Section #4: Dante meets two people in Level 2 that he Section #4: Dante meets two people in Level 2 that he knows. Who are they and why are they here? (approx. knows. Who are they and why are they here? (approx. page 751-752) page 751-752)

HINT: Who does one of Dante’s friends suggest should HINT: Who does one of Dante’s friends suggest should live on Level 9 – the lowest level of Hell? live on Level 9 – the lowest level of Hell?

Summarize Canto VSummarize Canto V Complete your summary here:Complete your summary here:

HOMEWORK CANTO 34 HOMEWORK CANTO 34 (20 (20 pts)pts)Canto VCanto V Name: ______________________Name: ______________________

  Create two columns on a sheet of paper OR use handout Create two columns on a sheet of paper OR use handout created by Ms. Gourley. Label two columns:created by Ms. Gourley. Label two columns:

QUESTIONSQUESTIONS ANSWERSANSWERSList anything they don’t understandList anything they don’t understand or WHAT I NOTICED in the or WHAT I NOTICED in the

TEXTTEXTTry to answer the questions Try to answer the questions OR Mark down information OR Mark down information you noticed or with which you noticed or with which you made a connection while you made a connection while reading reading which should include which should include Literary Elements (metaphors Literary Elements (metaphors and such) & and such) & Figurative LanguageFigurative Language

Reverse Side of Paper:Reverse Side of Paper: ““Pause and Reflect” Question p 755Pause and Reflect” Question p 755 Write a short paragraph comparing Dante’s version of Hell with other Write a short paragraph comparing Dante’s version of Hell with other

images or ideas you have experienced.images or ideas you have experienced. 35 Word Summary of Canto 3435 Word Summary of Canto 34

Summary Canto 34Summary Canto 34

Dante and Virgil arrive at the final level of Hell and Dante and Virgil arrive at the final level of Hell and meet Dis (Lucifer, The Devil) whose bottom half is held meet Dis (Lucifer, The Devil) whose bottom half is held in a frozen river. The souls of the Betrayers surround in a frozen river. The souls of the Betrayers surround him frozen in the cold ice. Dante’s top 3 Betrayers, him frozen in the cold ice. Dante’s top 3 Betrayers, Judas Iscariot, Brutus, and Cassius are caught one each Judas Iscariot, Brutus, and Cassius are caught one each in Dis’s three fanged and bloody mouths.in Dis’s three fanged and bloody mouths.

Answer: Why has Dante selected Betrayers of their Answer: Why has Dante selected Betrayers of their friends and country as the inhabitants friends and country as the inhabitants of the final (9of the final (9thth) and worst level of Hell?) and worst level of Hell?

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Evidence – What do I see/hear/question?Evidence – What do I see/hear/question?Interpretation – What does it mean literally & Interpretation – What does it mean literally &

essentially?essentially?

Brutus

When you complete When you complete The InfernoThe Inferno

Read what Dante wrote about Beatrice, his muse, and then write a Read what Dante wrote about Beatrice, his muse, and then write a paragraph with your personal response to what he wrote.paragraph with your personal response to what he wrote.

Connect to Literature – Question #1 Connect to Literature – Question #1 – What Do You Think? (one bullet point)What Do You Think? (one bullet point)– Comprehension Check (two bullet points)Comprehension Check (two bullet points) Think Critically – Questions #3-#5 (SKIP#2! YOU DON’T HAVE TO DO Think Critically – Questions #3-#5 (SKIP#2! YOU DON’T HAVE TO DO

IT!)IT!) NOTE: #5 has a question and 4 bullet points under the question. NOTE: #5 has a question and 4 bullet points under the question.

Answer them all!Answer them all! Extend Interpretations – Questions #6-8Extend Interpretations – Questions #6-8

– #6 What if?#6 What if?– #7 Critic’s Corner#7 Critic’s Corner– #8 Connect to Life#8 Connect to Life

Answer ALL questions with full sentences or small paragraphs as needed.Answer ALL questions with full sentences or small paragraphs as needed. Explain ALL your answers; cite references from text as needed.Explain ALL your answers; cite references from text as needed.

Read material pp 757-758 and then answer ALL the Read material pp 757-758 and then answer ALL the Questions on p 759; 1-8 – 50 points total!Questions on p 759; 1-8 – 50 points total!

including ALL bullet points beside or under each number.including ALL bullet points beside or under each number.

BIG QUESTIONS TO THINK ABOUT BIG QUESTIONS TO THINK ABOUT FOR THE TEST!!!! Discuss & record FOR THE TEST!!!! Discuss & record answers!answers!

How do the experiences that Dante has withstood in How do the experiences that Dante has withstood in life such as his depression, his despair, his isolation, life such as his depression, his despair, his isolation, and his terror of being “frozen” out of his life, country, and his terror of being “frozen” out of his life, country, and faith contribute to his writing and views in “The and faith contribute to his writing and views in “The Inferno”? Inferno”?

What are the LITERAL & the ESSENTIAL meanings of What are the LITERAL & the ESSENTIAL meanings of this allegory?this allegory?

What is Dante trying to say to us or to teach us?What is Dante trying to say to us or to teach us? Why do you think “The Inferno” is important to world Why do you think “The Inferno” is important to world

literature.literature. How does Dante’s journey relate orHow does Dante’s journey relate or not to the Hero Journey?not to the Hero Journey?

Your Personal InfernoYour Personal Inferno Using the handout to guide you, write your own Using the handout to guide you, write your own

Inferno.Inferno. Due: Monday, January 11 Due: Monday, January 11

– Make sure it is typed!Make sure it is typed!– Have fun with this – it’s Creative Writing!Have fun with this – it’s Creative Writing!

Think about:Think about:– What would be Hell for you?What would be Hell for you?– What level of Dante’s What level of Dante’s InfernoInferno do you relate to? do you relate to?– Who might be your Guide?Who might be your Guide?– What do you learn through your journey?What do you learn through your journey?– What is your allegory or extended metaphor?What is your allegory or extended metaphor?

William Blake (romantic poet, writer, and artist) shared William Blake (romantic poet, writer, and artist) shared Dante's distrust of materialism and the corruptive nature of Dante's distrust of materialism and the corruptive nature of

power . . . He created illustrated “The Inferno”, too.power . . . He created illustrated “The Inferno”, too.

WHAT DO YOU THINK . . . ? WHAT DO YOU THINK . . . ? THIS IS AN EXAMPLE OF WHAT LITERARY DEVICE(S)?THIS IS AN EXAMPLE OF WHAT LITERARY DEVICE(S)?

SIGN ABOVE ENTRANCE DOORSIGN ABOVE ENTRANCE DOORWHAT IS THE REFERENCE?WHAT IS THE REFERENCE?

WHAT IS THE JOKE?WHAT IS THE JOKE?WHAT DOES THIS MEAN TO YOU? WHAT DOES THIS MEAN TO YOU?

““ABANDON ALL NEWS ABANDON ALL NEWS ALL YOU WHO ALL YOU WHO ENTER HERE.”ENTER HERE.”