all about amines ! (chemistry)
DESCRIPTION
just a brief presentation on amines. :) hope it helps guysTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: ALL ABOUT AMINES ! (chemistry)](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062303/558e58221a28ab596e8b46cc/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Amines
BY: KAMRAN MANJINDER AND JENNIFER
![Page 2: ALL ABOUT AMINES ! (chemistry)](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062303/558e58221a28ab596e8b46cc/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Introduction of Amines
Considered Organic derivatives of Ammonia (NH3)
One or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by an alkyl or Aromatic group
Classified as primary, secondary, and tertiary amines
Dependent upon the number of Organic groups directly attached to the Nitrogen atom
![Page 3: ALL ABOUT AMINES ! (chemistry)](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062303/558e58221a28ab596e8b46cc/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Rules/Laws to predict predominant product(s) And ReactionsPrimary amines
Find the longest continuous carbon chain containing the amine group to get the parent compound.
Drop the final –e of the parent name and add the suffix –amine.
Number the parent chain to give the amine carbon the lowest possible number
Name and number all sub-chains as usual
Secondary and tertiary amines Add the prefix N-alkyl to the name of the parent for 2° and 3°
amines
![Page 4: ALL ABOUT AMINES ! (chemistry)](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062303/558e58221a28ab596e8b46cc/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Cont’d - Examples
The simplest aromatic amine is benzenamine
4-chlorobenzenamineN,N-Dimethylbenzene
![Page 5: ALL ABOUT AMINES ! (chemistry)](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062303/558e58221a28ab596e8b46cc/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Structural Drawings of reactions
• Amines React as a weak base in an aqueous solution• Nitrogen will act as a proton (H+) acceptor • Water would act as the proton donor
![Page 6: ALL ABOUT AMINES ! (chemistry)](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062303/558e58221a28ab596e8b46cc/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Cont’d Reactions
When an amine is neutralized by an acid, and alkylammonium salt is produced.
![Page 7: ALL ABOUT AMINES ! (chemistry)](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062303/558e58221a28ab596e8b46cc/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Cont’d Reactions
An alkyl ammonium salt is the conjugate acid of the corresponding amine. Therefore alkyl ammonium salts will react with hydroxide ions to produce the amine and water.
![Page 8: ALL ABOUT AMINES ! (chemistry)](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062303/558e58221a28ab596e8b46cc/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Cont’d Reaction Catalysts
Amine Catalysts can be used in a variety of polyurethane foam applications
Example: Seat cushions, mattresses, refrigerators, freezers, and wall insulation
Common polyurethane amine catalysts are: triethylenediamine, pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, and dimethylcyclohexylamine
![Page 9: ALL ABOUT AMINES ! (chemistry)](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062303/558e58221a28ab596e8b46cc/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
APPLICATIONS OF AMINES
![Page 10: ALL ABOUT AMINES ! (chemistry)](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062303/558e58221a28ab596e8b46cc/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Using amines as dyes
Primary aromatic amines are used as a starting material for the manufacture of azo dyes, some examples are as follows
1. methyl orange
2. direct brown 138
3. sunset yellow FCF
4. poncean
![Page 11: ALL ABOUT AMINES ! (chemistry)](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062303/558e58221a28ab596e8b46cc/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Using amines for drugs
Many drugs are designed to mimic or to interfere with the action of natural amine neurotransmitters , exemplified by the amine drugs:
·chlorpheniramine is an antihistamine that helps to relieve allergic disorders due to cold, hay fever, itchy skin, insect bites and stings.
· chlorpromazine is a tranquillizer that sedates without inducing sleep. It is used to relieve anxiety, excitement, restlessness or even mental disorder.
· ephedrine and phenyleprine, as amine hydrochlorides, are used as decongestant
![Page 12: ALL ABOUT AMINES ! (chemistry)](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062303/558e58221a28ab596e8b46cc/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Using amines for gas treatment
Aqueous monoethanolamine (MEA) and some other widely amines are used industrially for removing carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from natural gas and refinery process streams.
They may also be used to remove CO2 from combustion gases /flue gases and may have potential for abatement of greenhouse gases. Related processes are known as sweetening.
![Page 13: ALL ABOUT AMINES ! (chemistry)](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062303/558e58221a28ab596e8b46cc/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Health and environmental impacts of amines
1. The process of post combustion ( CO2-capture by chemical absorption) relies on large scale of amines in aqueous solution. In such operations, emissions of amines may occur through the cleaned exhaust gas, as degraded solvent and as accidental spills. It is thus important that the chemicals used have low or no environmental effects.
2. To check this, standard ecotoxicity and biodegradability tests for a marine environment were performed on more than 40 amines, including both solvents already in use for CO2-removal and new promising chemicals.
![Page 14: ALL ABOUT AMINES ! (chemistry)](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062303/558e58221a28ab596e8b46cc/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Some of the solvents used for carbon capture, have been shown to have low biodegradability. The tertiary amines which have been tested do not degrade easily, while the amino acids tested both have low toxicity and degrade easily.