alexia molina, sofia batres, javier atala, nelson frech
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 3Alexia Molina, Sofia Batres,
Javier Atala, Nelson Frech
Solids:Definite shape and definite volumeParticles are close together2 types: Amorphous and CrystallineAmorphous solids: particles are not arranged
in a regular pattern.Crystalline solids: particles are arranged in a
pattern.
Section 1: States of Matter
Definite volume but no definite shapeParticles move freelyProperties of Liquids:Surface Tension: an inward pull among the
molecules of a liquid that brings the molecules on the surface closer together.
Viscosity: a liquids resistance to flowing
Liquids…
No definite shape No definite volumeParticles move rapidly and they fill all the
space available.Gases are also considered fluids which
means substance that flows.
Gases…
Melting: changes from solid to liquid Most pure substances melt at a specific
temperature.The particles of a solid are vibrating so fast
they break free from their fixed position. Freezing: changes from a liquid to solid.The particles of a liquid are moving so slow
they form regular patterns.
Section 2: Changes of State
Vaporization: changes from liquid to gas Particles in a liquid gain enough energy to form
a gas. Evaporation: takes place only in the surface of
a liquid. Boiling: occurs when a liquid changes to a gas
below it surface as well as at surface. Boiling point: the temperature at which a liquid
boils. Condensation: occurs when particles in a gas
lose enough thermal energy to form a liquid.
Changes in State
Sublimation: occurs when the surface particles of a solid gain enough energy that they form a gas.
During sublimation particles of a solid do not pass through the liquid state as they form a gas.
Solid to gas
Changes of State
Solid GasLiquid
Vaporization
Condensation
Melting Point Boiling Point
Melting
Freezing
Deposition
Sublimation
Solids Liquids Gases
-Crystalline-Amorphous
-Surface Tension-Viscosity
-Evaporating-Boiling
-Particles FixedPacked: Closely Together
-Move Freely-Close
-Move Freely-Far Apart
-Definite Shape-Definite Volume
-Undefined shape -Definite Volume
-Undefined Shape -Undefined Volume
Fluids
Measuring gases When working with gas, it is helpful to know
its volume, temperature, and pressureVolume: the amount of space that matter
files. Temperature: the measure of the average
energy of random motion of the particles in a substance
Pressure: force of its outward push divided by the area of the walls of the container
Section 3: Gas behavior
Pressure and Volume
Pressure & Volume Boyle’s Law Inverse T
↑P ↓V
↓P ↑V
Pressure & Temperature -----------------
---Direct V
↑P ↑T
↓P ↓T
Volume & Temperature Charles’s
LawDirect P
↑V ↑T
↓V ↓T
Boyle’s Law
Volume (mL)
Pres
sure
(kPa
)
Charles’s Law
Laws…
Boyle`s Law: when pressure decreases, volume increases
Charles`s Law: when pressure increases so does volume.
Section 4: Graphing Gas Behavior
First you collect data and then you graph it.After gathering info you record temperature and data
Origin: a line that passes through all cero pointsVary Inversely: when a graph of two variables forms a kind of curve.
Y axis= VolumeX axis =Temperature
0 100 200 300 400
0
10
2
0
30
40
5
0
60
7
0
80
Temperature (K)
Volu
me (
mL)