Chapter 5Section 4

Alexander’s Empire

Do Now: Map Quiz

Obj:Describe Phillip’s Conquest of GreeceExplain Alexander’s defeat of the PersiansExplain Alexander’s effect on future cultures

HW: Active Read 5.5Main Ideas #3-5 & Critical Thinking # 6

Phillip IIMacedoniaAlexander the GreatDarius III

Vocab

Many city-states were severely weakened after warRapid decline of military and economic power

King Phillip II of Macedonia takes noticeHas dream of taking control of all of Greece

and eventually Persia

Effects of Peloponnesian War

Northern Greece; lived in mountain villages more than city-state

Consider themselves to be Greek,However the Greeks looked down upon them

as uncivilized Lack of great philosophers, sculptures, and

writers

Macedonia

Phillip becomes king in 359 B.C.E. at 23 yrs oldTransforms his villagers into lethal professional

army

Phillip uses a 16x16 man phalanx, all armed with an 18ft spear

Uses the phalanx to break enemy lines and then sends in swift cavalry to crush disorganized opponent

Phillip II Builds his Army

Greek city-states failed to unite against PhillipEventually Thebes and Athens unite against

Phillip; but it was too lateMacedonian army had become too powerful

and easily defeated the city states

Greece now under the rule of a “foreigner”

Phillip Conquers Greece

King Phillip planned on attacking Persia nextAt his daughters wedding he was stabbed to

death Never got a chance to see the Persian WarPhillips son Alexander takes the throne

Alexander immediately takes control of the Macedonian kingdom and vows to attack Persia like his father had planned

Phillips Rule and the Rise of Alexander

Alexander the Great20 yrs old when he

came to powerTaught by Aristotle;

learned science, geo, and literature

Kept a copy of Iliad under his pillow to inspire himself

To prove his strength crushed Thebes during a revolt

Persian ConquestBattle of Granicus

35,000 Macedonians Vs. 40,000 Persians

Alexander smashes through enemy lines

Victory!

Battle of IssusKing Darius III

raises an army of 75,000 men

Alexander outnumbered charges through weak spot

Forces Darius III to flee

Alexander takes control of Anatolia

After the loss at Issus Darius III tried to negotiate with AlexanderOffered him all the land west of the Euphrates

River

Advised to take the deal- Persian resistance swelled Alexander’s ambition

Refused the offer and vowed to conquer the whole empire

Darius on the Retreat

Alexander marches to Egypt in 332 B.C.E.He is met as a liberatorThe Egyptians make him a pharaoh!

He builds the city of Alexandria at the mouth of the river Nile

What’s next……?

Alexander in Egypt

Alexander heads east to Mesopotamia Battle to Gaugamela:

Darius assembles an army of 250,000 men Once again the power of the phalanx and

Alexander’s cavalry were too much for Persian battle lines

Darius flees again; and Persian control ends Soon Alexander controls:

Babylon, Susa, and Persian capital Persepolis Alexander burns Persepolis to the ground

Alexander Conquers Persia

After returning to Babylon after 11 years and 11,000 miles Alexander makes plans to organize the empire

He wants to:Build roadsConstruct new citiesConstruct new harborsInvade Arabia

However; he become very sick with a fever and dies a few days later- 323 B.C.E.

Alexander’s Plan

After his death the Empire was divided by 3 powerful rulers

1) Antigonus- Macedonia (Greek city states)2) Ptolemy – Egypt 3) Seleucus – Persian Empire

Alexander’s Empire Divided

(You Fill in the Blank)

Alexander’s Legacy: