Alexandria Egypt

Presented by: Claire Gui

Brief introduction

second largest city and a major economic centre in EgyptAlexandria is Egypt's largest seaport

serving approximately 80% of Egypt's imports and exportsan important industrial center

its natural gas and oil pipelines from Suezan important tourist destination.

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Geography

has a hot desert climate approaching a semi-arid climate

Basic History

founded around a small Ancient Egyptian town c. 331 BC by Alexander the Great.

became an important center of the Hellenistic civilization and remained the capital of Hellenistic and Roman and Byzantine Egypt for almost 1000 years until the Muslim conquest of Egypt in AD 641

From the late 18th century, Alexandria became a major center of the international shipping industry and one of the most important trading centers in the world

1)it profited from the easy overland connection between the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea

2)the lucrative trade in Egyptian cotton

Best known for...

1)the Lighthouse of Alexandria (Pharos)

one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World2)its Great Library3)the Necropolis

one of the Seven Wonders of the Middle AgesAlexandria was the second most powerful city of the ancient world after Rome

Ptolemaic era In a struggle with the other successors of Alexander, his general, Ptole

my succeeded in bringing Alexander's body to Alexandria.

Inheriting the trade of ruined Tyre and becoming the center of the new commerce between Europe and the Arabian and Indian East, the city grew in less than a generation to be larger than Carthage.

In a century, Alexandria had become the largest city in the world and for some centuries more, was second only to Rome.

It became the main Greek city of Egypt, with an extraordinary mix of Greeks from many cities and backgrounds.

Ptolemaic era Alexandria was not only a center of Hellenism but was also home to the

largest Jewish community in the world.

The Septuagint, a Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible, was produced there.

Alexandrian Greeks placed an emphasis on Greek culture in part to exclude and subjugate non-Greeks. Also the Law in Alexandria was based on Greek.

One of the earliest well-known inhabitants of Alexandria during the Ptolemaic reign was the geometry and number-theorist Euclid.

Roman Era

Roman Anexation The city passed formally under Roman jurisdiction in 80 BC Julius Caesar dallied with Cleopatra in Alexandria in 47 BC and w

as besieged in the city by Cleopatra's brother and rival. From the time of annexation and onwards, Alexandria seemed to h

ave regained its old prosperity In 115 AD Alexandria was destroyed In 215 AD the emperor Caracalla visited the city (over 20,000 peo

ple were killed) In the 3rd century AD, Alexander's tomb was closed to the public.

Roman Era

Late Roman and Byzantine period Alexandria now acquired new importance as a center of Christian

theology and church government.

As native influences began to reassert themselves in the Nile valley, Alexandria gradually became an alien city during the 3rd century

In 365, a tsunami caused by an earthquake in Crete hit Alexandria.

In the late 4th century, persecution of pagans by newly Christian Romans had reached new levels of intensity.

In 391, Emperor Theodosius I ordered the destruction of all pagan temples, and the Patriarch Theophilus complied with his request.

The Brucheum and Jewish quarters were desolate in the 5th century, and the central monuments, the Soma and Museum, fell into ruin.

Arab Rule

In 616, the city was taken by Khosrau II, King of Persia.

In 645 a Byzantine fleet recaptured the city, but it fell for good the following year.

Between the years 811 and 827, Alexandria came under the control of pirates of Andalusia to some form of almogavars history.

In the year 1365, Alexandria was brutally sacked after being taken by the armies of the Crusaders.

The 14th and 15th centuries, Venice has eliminated the jurisdiction and its Alexandrian warehouse became the center of the distribution of spices to the Portuguese Cape route to open in 1498

The Lighthouse was destroyed by earthquakes in the 14th century.

Districts

al-Montaza District Shark (Eastern Alexandria) District Wassat (Central Alexandria) District al-Amriya District: population 845,845 Agamy (Western Alexandria) District al-Gomrok District Borg Al-Arab city New Borg El Arab city

Montaza Palace, in Montaza

Ras al-Tiin Palace, in Ras al-Tiin

Antoniadis Palace

Recreational

Montaza Royal Gardens Antoniades Park Shallalat Gardens Alexandria Zoo Green Plaza

Education

Colleges and universities has a number of higher education institutions.

Alexandria University is a public university that follows the Egyptian system of higher education.

Many of its faculties are internationally renowned, most notably its Faculty of Medicine & Faculty of Engineering.

International relations

Why choose Alexandria

Why choose Alexandria