Alex Edquist and Michelle StoryAlex Edquist and Michelle Story

Period 6Period 6

589 CE- The filioque clause in a certain ritual prayer of the

Romans begins to drive the Roman Church from the Byzantine Church, as it implied that Jesus was equal to God, while the Byzantines thought that God was superior to Jesus.

754 CE- The Pope is forced to turn to the Frankish for aid, as he was unable to communicate with the patriarch (head of the church) in Byzantium.

787 CE- The Seventh Ecumenical Council allows the use of icons in the church and begins to more deeply divide the Western (Roman) and Eastern (Greek/Constantinople) churches.

800 CE- The Pope crowns Charles the Great as Holy Roman Emperor, which is not confirmed by Byzantium. This further divides the eastern and western branches of the Christian Church.

Chronology

988 CE- Vladimir, the Prince of Kiev, is baptized and brings Christianity to

Russia. 1054 CE- The Great Schism occurs when Pope Leo IX demands that

Cerularius of Constantinople acknowledge Rome’s superior position and Cerularius refuses, resulting in both leaders excommunicating each other from their churches. The Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches are officially separated.

1204 CE- Catholic crusaders conquer and destroy Constantinople. 1326 CE- Moscow becomes an important city when the head of the

Russian Orthodox church moves the religious capital there. 1438 CE- Orthodox leaders from Constantinople meet in the Council of

Florence to attempt to resolve theological differences between the two churches, especially concerning the question of the filioque. The churches are temporarily reunified.

Chronology

1484 CE- The patriarch of Constantinople repudiates the Council

of Florence, making the split between the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches final.

1453 CE- The Ottomans capture Constantinople, and Moscow begins to see itself as the logical replacement as the head of the Orthodox church—or as the third Rome (Constantinople was a ‘second Rome’).

1490 CE- The Judaizing Heresy, which challenged the divinity of Jesus and the Holy Spirit, is brutally put down in Russia under Ivan the Great.

1556 CE- St. Basil’s Cathedral is built in Moscow. 1700 CE- Peter the Great makes the previously independent

Eastern Orthodox church a ‘government department’ headed by a college of senior clergy called the Holy Synod.

Chronology

Important People in Orthodox History

Pope Leo IX (above) and

Michael Cerularius

(below)

Charles the Great

Peter the Great

Vladimir of Kiev

Regional Impact: Eastern Europe

Politics Intellectual ReligionLouis the Pious destroys the collection of German epics started by his father Charlemagne.

Pavia becomes the center of science and literature.

The Bulgarian Church separates from Rome and Constantinople.

The church believed that asceticism was very important, which evolved into a widespread monastic tradition.

The biblical text the Orthodox used was the Greek Septuagint and the New Testament.

The Greek Septuagint includes the seven Deuterocanonical Books and a small number of other books that are in neither Western canon.

The Byzantine Empire extends to the Tigris and Euphrates which leads to a massive spread of the religion Greek Orthodox.

The people believe that their task on this earth is to preserve and teach the Apostolic and patristic traditions and related church practices.

The goal of Orthodox Christians from baptism, is to continually draw near to God throughout life. (also known as theosis).

Orthodox Christians believe scripture was revealed by the Holy Spirit to its inspired human authors.

Art and

ArchitectureTechnology Economy Society

The earliest church was established by St. Paul and the Apostles.

Fresco “Ascension of Christ” was built at the lower Church of St. Clement, Rome.

Campanile of St Mark’s in Venice was built.

St. Basil’s Cathedral in Moscow

The “Astronomical System” of Ptolemy was created.

The people had a tax collecting system so more churches could be created in order to carry out the religion of Orthodox.

Orthodox bishops were the most important people in the regions and they were more respected than the average person.

The languages spoken were Latin, French, and Yiddish.

The elders in the Orthodox communities were highly respected.

Regional Impact : Eastern Europe

Regional Impact: Eurasia

Politics Intellectual Religion

The Five Dynasties of China controlled China and the Orthodox religion made an impact on the Chinese.

The church believed that asceticism was very important, which evolved into a widespread monastic tradition.

The biblical text the Orthodox used was the Greek Septuagint and the New Testament.

The Greek Septuagint includes the seven Deuterocanonical Books and a small number of other books that are in neither Western canon.

Put greater importance on history and education.

The people believe that their task on this earth is to preserve and teach the Apostolic and patristic traditions and related church practices.

The goal of Orthodox Christians from baptism, is to continually draw near to God throughout life. (also known as theosis).

Orthodox Christians believe scripture was revealed by the Holy Spirit to its inspired human authors.

Art and

ArchitectureTechnology Economy Society

Building of wooden Ko Fuang Temple in Shansi, China.

The Chin has a picture showing of contemporary costumes and musical instruments based on their beliefs from being Orthodox.

Philosophy of science.

The people had a tax collecting system so more churches could be created in order to carry out the religion of Orthodox.

The relocation of the Eastern Orthodox center to Moscow helped make the prosperous city that Moscow is today.

The languages spoken were Latin, French, and Yiddish.

The elders in the Orthodox communities were highly respected.

Regional Impact : Eurasia

Regional Impact: Middle East

Politics Intellectual Religion

Cordoba becomes the seat of Arab learning, science, commerce, and industry.

The church believed that asceticism was very important, which evolved into a widespread monastic tradition.

The biblical text the Orthodox used was the Greek Septuagint and the New Testament.

The Greek Septuagint includes the seven Deuterocanonical Books and a small number of other books that are in neither Western canon.

The people believe that their task on this earth is to preserve and teach the Apostolic and patristic traditions and related church practices.

The goal of Orthodox Christians from baptism, is to continually draw near to God throughout life. (also known as theosis).

Orthodox Christians believe scripture was revealed by the Holy Spirit to its inspired human authors.

Art and

ArchitectureTechnology Economy Society

Homes have a specific area set aside for family prayer, usually an eastern facing wall, on which are hung many icons.

Greek Philosophy

Mathematics

Astronomy

Medicine

Optics

Chemistry

Botany

Physics

The people had a tax collecting system so more churches could be created in order to carry out the religion of Orthodox.

The languages spoken were Latin, French, and Yiddish.

The elders in the Orthodox communities were highly respected.

Regional Impact : Middle East

Eastern Orthodox Art

St. Basil’s CathedralMoscow

Metropolitan CathedralRomania

“Ascension of Christ” fresco

Byzantium

Before 550 CE, Eastern Orthodoxy and Roman Catholicism

began as the same religion. Constantinople had replaced Rome as the capital of the Roman (now Byzantium) empire, but Rome was still the religious capital of Christianity.

After 550 CE, differences in theology and arguments about whether Constantinople and Rome shared religious power, or whether Rome and the Pope were superior began to divide the Christianity of the two cities, but they were still considered the same religion. The great distance between these two cities helped lead to the beginning of separation.

Between 600 CE and 1100 CE, the emerging Eastern Orthodox view of Christianity began to spread from Constantinople to Greece, Russia, and other areas of Eastern Europe.

Change Over Time

In 1054, the Great Schism occurred, and, thereafter, the Eastern

Orthodox and Catholic churches were considered separate. However, they were briefly reunited in 1439 after the Second Council of Florence, when Catholic and Orthodox leaders met in Florence, Italy, but this unity did not last.

In 1453, Moscow replaced Constantinople as the head of the Orthodox church after the Ottoman Turks captured Constantinople, and the center of Eastern Orthodoxy shifted from Turkey and Greece (which fell under Turkish and therefore Islamic rule) to Russia.

The church was independent of the Russian government until the reign of Peter the Great in the early 1700s, when he made it an extension of his government to support his rule. It remained that way until the Russian Revolution in 1917.

Change Over Time

Spread of Eastern Orthodoxy

Comparison

Eastern Orthodoxy

More spiritual

Static/reluctant to change doctrines

God the father is the supreme being, Jesus the son and the holy spirit beneath him

Deification (goal is for you to become like god)

All bishops are equal, there is no one single head of the church

All icons are two-dimensional

Roman Catholicism More practical, reasoning

Dynamic/beliefs can change over time

God the father, Jesus the son, and the holy spirit are all equal and of the same spirit

Salvation (goal is for your impure soul to be saved by god)

Church is headed by a Pope considered infallible

Statues, three-dimensional representations

Monotheistic

Believed Jesus was the Messiah and died so

believers could go to heaven

Have Seven Sacraments

Main holy text is the Bible

Worship in churches

Comparison

Moscow was made prominent due to religion, similar to Jerusalem in Israel and Mecca in Arabia

Moscow

Jerusalem

Mecca

Comparison

Orthodoxy split off due to minor differences from the parent religion, similar to Sunni and Shi’ite Islam and, later, Protestant and Catholic Christianity. These splits happened because of geographical and political differences in the areas the religions were in.

The Great Schism

Sunni/Shi’ite Split

Protestant Reformation

Comparison

Was eventually centered geographically away from its place of founding (moved from Constantinople to Russia) similar to Buddhism (India to East Asia) and Christianity as a whole (the Middle East to Europe) due to leaders’ adoption of the faith (Christianity) or gradual spread by cultural diffusion and trade (Orthodox and Buddhism).

Mediterranean to Russia

India to East Asia

Middle East to Europe

Comparison

It inspired great works of art and architecture in the form of beautiful places of worship, similar to just about every other religion, and God was never represented directly in art, which is similar to Islam.

Islamic Art, Dome of the Rock

Hindu Temples

Cathedrals, St. Peter’s Basilica

Comparison

Peter the Great made it Russia’s state religion to consolidate his own power, similar to how Henry VIII in England adopted Protestantism for his own gain and how Ismail of the Safavids used Shi’ism to gain power.

Peter the Great

Ismail

Henry VIII

Today, Orthodoxy is a spiritual

guidance for people. Some people use the books written for Orthodoxy as a

guideline of the right way to live.

Orthodoxy helps unify people with the same beliefs under one church.

Orthodoxy helps people have the personal experience of truth that they desire in the Orthodox Religion.

Orthodoxy helps the religious followers achieve salvation; which is their overall goal in life.

The people of the Orthodox religion tend to think more abstract about different issues.

Orthodox people also tend to me more educational in the area of science and philosophy.

Impact on Today’s World

Michelle Story: PIRATES impacts by region,

modern impacts Alex Edquist: Chronology, comparisons/change

over time, images

Jobs Performed

http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?

artid=668&letter=J http://www.historyworld.net http://www.ocf.org/OrthodoxPage/reading/

filioque.html http://www.irondequoitcatholic.org/index.php/

St/VladimirOfKiev http://www.stpaulsirvine.org/html/

TheGreatSchism.htm http://www.iconsexplained.com/iec/

iec_idb2g.htm

Works Cited