ALCOHOL – PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HzWpeRGu2dY

STAGES OF ALCOHOL POISONING Assign your

symptom to a stage

Present your symptom

Present the blood alcohol concentration

FIRST STAGE - ASPHYXIABAC BETWEEN 1G – 2G PER THOUSANDTH ML

Delay in reaction time Decrease in pain perception Imbalance Red eyes Slightly slurred speech

SECOND STAGE - HYPNOSEBLC BETWEEN 2G - 2,5G PER THOUSANDTH ML

Speech- and Articulation disorders Incoordination Blurred vision Constricted pupils Amnesia Vomit

THIRD STAGE - ANESTHESIABLC BETWEEN 2,5G – 4G PER THOUSANDTH ML

Unconsciousness Shock Dilated pupil

FOURTH STAGE - ASPHYXIABLC OF 4G PER THOUSANDTH ML Coma Wide and unresponsive pupils Shock – circulatory failure – death Decrease of spontaneous breathing –

opnea – death Hypothermia - death

ALCOHOL METABOLISM Once swallowed, a drink enters the stomach and small

intestine, where small blood vessels carry it to the bloodstream.

Approximately 20% of alcohol is absorbed through the stomach and most of the remaining 80% is absorbed through the small intestine.

Alcohol is metabolized by the liver, where enzymes break down the alcohol. Understanding the rate of metabolism is critical to understanding the effects of alcohol. In general, the liver can process one ounce of liquor (or one standard drink) in one hour.

If you consume more than this, your system becomes saturated, and the additional alcohol will accumulate in the blood and body tissues until it can be metabolized. This is why having a lot of shots or playing drinking games can result in high blood alcohol concentrations that last for several hours.

1) Mouth 2)Stomage 3)Intestine 4) tissue 5) Liver 6) Brain

DIFFERENTS BETWEEN MEN AND WOMAN Because of several physiological reasons, a woman

will feel the effects of alcohol more than a man, even if they are the same size.

Also alcohol damages the body of a woman even more then the body of a men, because they process alcohol differently.

Women have less body water Women have less dehydrogenase, a liver enzyme

that breaks down alcohol. Premenstrual hormonal changes cause intoxication

to set in faster during the days right before a woman gets her period. Birth control pills or other medication with estrogen will slow down the rate at which alcohol is eliminated from the body.

„HANGOVER“- AFTER DRINKING

Hangovers are the body's reaction to poisoning and withdrawal from alcohol.

Hangovers begin 8 to 12 hours after the last drink and symptoms include fatigue, depression, headache, thirst, nausea, and vomiting. The severity of symptoms varies according to the individual and the quantity of alcohol consumed.

LONG – TERM DAMAGE

Loss of brain cells Increase in weight Damage to almost every organ

LOSS OF BRAIN CELLS With every booze million brain cells are

destroyed. Four or five years of constant alcohol

consumption are enough to shrink the brain measurable.

In the beginning it only affects ability to memorize

Later it severely lowers overall intelligence

INCREASE IN WEIGHT The beer belly has not been invented by

opponents of alcohol: One gram of alcohol contains more

calories than a gram of sugar and almost as many calories as a gram of fat.

But that's not all of it: Consumption of alcohol results in a decrease of fat-degration

DAMAGE TO ALMOST EVERY ORGAN Damage to the liver (fatty liver,

hepatitis, cirrhosis) Damage to the stomach lining

(gastritis) Damage to the pancreas (pancreatitis) Inflammation of nerves (neuropathy) Brain damage Other diseases (increased

susceptibility to infections, certain cancers, damage the male reproductive system)

DAMAGE TO THE LIVER The breakdown of alcohol happens

almost exclusively in the liver. Even small amounts of alcohol can

cause changes in the cell structure of the liver

Prolonged consumption of large amounts of alcohol regularly raises serious damage to the liver.

Alcohol is much more damaging to females

DAMAGE TO THE LIVER There are three forms of alcohol liver

damage, divided in different stages

Alcoholic fatty liver disease Alcoholic hepatitis Alcoholic cirrhosis

ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE

The first sign of liver damage is the degeneration of the liver cells (fatty liver).

Simultaneously there is an enlargement of the organ.

As a result of this obesity the function of the liver, which is absolutely vital for the body, decreases.

A fatty liver can simply be identified by specific blood tests.

.

ALCOHOLIC HEPATITIS

Inflammatory changes in the liver tissue.

Symptoms: indigestion and jaundice. Can lead to liver cirrhosis.

ALCOHOLIC CIRRHOSIS

Can proceed even after the consumption of alcohol has stopped completely

The liver tissue is replaced by connective tissue, which do not fulfill the same function.

Symptoms (after time): bloating, severe bloating, finally dropsy (ascites) and expansion of blood vessels in the esophagus (esophageal varices), which can cause life-threatening bleeding.

Liver cirrhosis is the leading killer of alcoholics

REMEMBER!

The liver process alcohol not faster if you drink plenty of water, moving or eating something greasy.

DAMAGE TO THE STOMACH LINING (GASTRITIS)

Prolonged consumption of particularly hard alcohol leads to damage to the stomach lining, which can result in stomach bleeding.

Most of the ailments are bloating,

abdominal pain, nausea and loss of appetite.

INFLAMMATION OF THE PANCREAS (PANCREATITIS)

About one quarter of all people who suffer from this debilitating disease are alcoholics.

The pancreatitis results in very severe upper abdominal pain associated with indigestion and diarrhea.

The disease can lead to death.

INFLAMMATION OF NERVES (NEUROPATHY) Every 5th Alcoholics will get this disease.

It predominantly affects the nerves of the legs.

It starts with numbness and pain in the legs moving forward to paralysis of the muscles, drastically decreasing stamina

The nerves of the arms and other parts of the body less likely to be affected.

BRAIN DAMAGE

The brain is one of the most frequently and severely affected organs. However, the effects of brain injury can only be seen in long-term-effects.

People with long-term alcohol abuse problems are more likely to feel the consequences of brain shrinkage than people without alcohol abuse.

Brain shrinkage leads to a decrease in mental capacity.

The brain damage can be reversed to a certain extent, but only if strict abstinence is maintained.

Brain cells can not be reproduced.

OTHER DISEASES, ASSOCIATED WITH ALCOHOL ABUSE For many people alcoholism increases the

susceptibility to infectious diseases (eg influenza), because the natural defense mechanisms of the body are weakened.

Cancers of the upper digestive system, tongue cancer, throat cancer.

Affects the male sexual organ. Consumption of larger amounts of alcohol can lead to a significant reduction of the male sex hormone in the blood.

Chronic alcohol abuse leads to a shrinkage of testicular tissue, which is accompanied by a reduction in the production of male sex hormones.

Tongue cancer

Tumor in the mouth

Throat cancer

DAMAGE IN HUMANS ARE NOT FULLY GROWN

In large amounts, alcohol is poisonous to the body. Alcohol damages the cells, which is particularly dangerous to young people.

If teenagers who are still growing drink frequently organs as well as the brain will not fully develop.

Remember: Even one-time alcohol consumption

can cause damage!

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SpFrZJ0o94k

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pZLbdLrcXeI

http://psychologienachrichten.de/?p=853 http://www.alkoholsucht.eu/die-k%C3%B6rperliche-sch%C3%A4den-

durch-alkoholmissbrauch http://www.geo.de/GEOlino/mensch/61444.html http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkoholvergiftung http://brown.edu/Student_Services/Health_Services/

Health_Education/alcohol,_tobacco,_&_other_drugs/alcohol/alcohol_&_your_body.php

http://www.idr.med.uni-erlangen.de/patho/18M.htm http://tri-vision.de/blog/2010/06/ http://www.txandy.webspace.virginmedia.com/my_web_site_004.htm http://www.antibodyreview.com/protein_image_annot.php?

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http://www.shamchat.c.la/ http://www.desipad.com/health/32685-about-alcohol.html