airah wa presentation2012/08/15 · 23/08/2012 1 airah ( wa ) presentation to efficiency and beyond...
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23/08/2012
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AIRAH ( WA ) presentation
To efficiency and beyond
Green star
Key drivers impacting today’s HVAC choices
NABERS
Mandatory disclosure
The Role of Technology in Minimizing Environmental Impact Direct Indirect
Over the last 25 years:
‐ Average chiller efficiency has improved over 35%
‐ Chiller leak rate has decreased well below 2%
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• Significant gains in full load efficiency through advances in heat exchanger, compressor, and cycle efficiencies.
• The biggest gain however has been in part load efficiency with the adoption of the variable speed drive.
Generation 5 (2010s)
Over 30 years of VSD technology development for chillers
Generation 2 (1986)
Generation 4 (2000s)
Generation 3 (1990s)
Generation 1 (1979)
Generation 2 (1986)
Significant innovation in VSD technology since 1979
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Real World Energy PerformanceCapitalizing on ‘off‐design’ conditions – 99% of the time
Pressure
LoweringLowering Condensing Condensing TemperatureTemperature
Evaporator
Compressor
Condenser
Lift Reduces Compressor WorkReduces Compressor Work
Lowers the LiftLowers the Lift
Expansion
Evaporator
EnthalpyReduces Energy Reduces Energy ConsumptionConsumption
Condenser Temp.
85 F (29.5 C) ECWT
How does LIFT impact efficiency ? Chiller Energy Usage Analogy ‐ Variable Speed Driven Chillers
100%
n Lift
50%
NER
GY
f‐Design Lift
Load
( i h f k)
55°F (12.8°C) ECWT
VariableVariableSpeedSpeedDrive Drive
ENER
GY
Design
0%
6
EN
Evaporator Temp.
Off(weight of rock)
44°F (6.7°C) LCHWT
E
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Variable Speed Drives save energy and reduce noise
Constant Speed
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Variable Speed
Variable Speed DrivesLow Voltage Liquid Cooled Unit Mounted VSD
YMC²Magnetic VSD Centrifugal
YVAAVSD Screw air cooled
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YKOpen VSD Centrifugal
YVWAVSD Screw water cooled
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Variable Speed DrivesMedium Voltage (MV) VSD
3 3 kV & 6 6 kV
YKVSD Open Centrifugal
3.3 kV & 6.6 kV
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YK ‐EPVSD Open Centrifugal with Economizer
11 kV
Starts & stops the motor
Significantly reduces inrush current to less than full load amps
The Purpose of Variable Speed Drives
p
Corrects power factor close to unity
Reduces utility demand charge
Regulates compressor speed to provide the most efficient chiller operation, reducing part load energy consumption
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Low inrush current with VSD < 100% FLA
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Superior power factor
0.98 power factor VSD with active IEEE electronic filter0.95 power factor (std VSD)
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power factor non VSD (fixed speed)
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100 KW
59 KVAR116 KVA
PF = 0.86
actual work
Consumed energy to generate magnetic fieldtotal energy
provided from supply
100 KW
33 KVAR105 KVA
100 KW
PF = 0.95total energy provided from supply
Consumed energy to generate magnetic field
d
actual work
actual work
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what power factor means
20 KVAR
102 KVAPF = 0.98total energy
provided from supply
Consumed energy to generate magnetic field
VSDVSDComparison at AHRI conditions
No VSDNo VSD% Load ECWT100 29 5
%SAVED1 0
COP6 17
COP6 11
Why VSD ? ‐ Comparative Energy PerformanceFixed vs Variable Speed
LWT6 7100 29.5
90 27.280 25.070 22.860 20.650 18.340 18 3
‐1.02.28.716.225.933.036 4
6.176.737.147.427.597.657 11
6.116.897.828.8610.2411.4211 17
6.76.76.76.76.76.76 740 18.3
30 18.3 20 18.3 15 18.3
36.438.544.145.0
7.116.365.174.41
11.1710.349.268.01
Significant savings ….and with more possible
6.76.76.76.7
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temperature bin canberra melbourne adelaide perth sydney brisbane cairnsdeg F deg C HRS WB HRS WB HRS WB HRS WB HRS WB HRS WB HRS WB105-109 40.6- 42.8 6 21.7100-104 37.8- 40 1 20 1 21.7 27 21.1 2 22.2 4 22.2 3 23.3 3 2595-99 35- 37.2 17 19.4 12 21.1 55 20 17 21.1 6 21.1 15 22.2 14 25.690-94 32.2- 34.4 50 18.9 22 20.6 116 19.4 42 21.1 18 20.6 131 23.3 94 25.6
YORKCALC BIN WEATHER DATA – PERTH AUSTRALIA
85-89 29.4- 31.7 112 17.8 50 20 215 18.3 14 20.6 40 21.1 643 21.7 781 2580-84 26.7-28.9 193 17.2 96 18.9 313 17.8 37 21.1 158 20.6 1374 20.6 1620 23.375-79 23.9- 26.1 332 16.1 160 18.3 477 16.7 151 20.6 618 20.1 1744 18.9 2513 22.270-74 21.1-23.3 480 15.6 276 17.2 696 15.6 612 20.1 1493 18.3 1814 16.7 1984 20.165-69 18.3- 20.6 725 14.4 485 16.7 1013 14.4 1478 18.3 1975 16.1 1307 14.4 1163 17.860-64 15.6- 17.8 1096 13.3 958 15.1 1495 12.8 1966 16.1 1772 13.9 913 12.2 344 15.655-59 12.8- 15 1316 11.1 1650 13.3 1852 11.1 1764 13.9 1383 11.1 484 9.4 107 12.850-54 10- 12.2 1307 8.9 1938 11.1 1522 9.4 1384 11.1 852 8.9 223 7.2 23 10.145-49 7.2- 9.4 1160 6.7 1776 8.9 702 7.8 853 8.9 397 6.7 65 5.1 2 7.840-44 4.4-6.7 859 4.4 930 7.2 218 5.6 396 6.7 38 5.1 11 2.835 39 1 7 3 9 547 2 2 277 5 1 38 2 8 38 5 1 1 1 1 0 635-39 1.7- 3.9 547 2.2 277 5.1 38 2.8 38 5.1 1 1.1 0.630-34 (1.1) - 1.1 307 0.1 50 2.8 1 0.6 125-29 (3.9)-(1.7) 137 -2.8 420-24 (6.7)-(4.4) 27 -5.1 0.615-19 (9.4)-(7.2) 1 -7.2
27% annual operating hours > 16.1 C wb (AHRI region)
58% annual operating hours = 16.1 C ‐ 11.1 C wb
15% annual operating hours <11.1 C wb
Efficiency breakthrough – low lift magnetic VSD chillers
Lift delta 4 CLift delta 10 CLift delta 15 C
Lift delta 20 C
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Lift delta 25 C
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Chiller plant “fuel economy”
Efficiency breakthrough – air cooled all VSD screw chillers
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HIGH EFFICIENCY VARIABLE SPEED AIR AND WATER COOLED CHILLERS
To efficiency and beyond
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