air pollution indicators. an indicator should... be representive for environmental conditions; be...
DESCRIPTION
Assessment information D riving forces (economic sectors: transport, combustion, solvent use) P ressures (emissions: VOC & NOx) S tate (air quality: ozone exceedances) I mpacts (health, ecosystems, materials) R esponses (policies, measures)TRANSCRIPT
Air Pollution Indicators
An indicator should...• Be representive for environmental
conditions;• be simple and easy to interpret;• shows trends over time;• shows contributions from sectors or
individual components;• be consistently used within the DPSIR-chain;• have a target value.
Assessment information D riving forces (economic sectors:
transport, combustion, solvent use)
P ressures (emissions: VOC & NOx)
S tate (air quality: ozone exceedances)
I mpacts (health, ecosystems, materials)
R esponses (policies, measures)
• Indicators will form building blocks of main EEA reports (Environmental Signals, TERM/EERM, Kiev, ..)
• Core set vs sub-sets to support thematic reports
Indicators - current set• Climate change
– policy update– emissions CO2 & non-CO2– temperature/precipitation change
• Stratospheric Ozone– ozone column– potential Cl– UV– production ODS, HCFC
AP Indicators - current setFocus on• Pressure & State• Urban Air Quality• Acidification• Pollutants from first DD + Ozone• retrospective (Env Sign)• Policy Update
Sources of AP indicators• CORINAIR• AIRBASE
in addition:• Auto Oil 2• ShAIR
AP Indicators - current set• Emission indicators
– information on trends (1980-present)– information on sector contributions– aggregated information on theme:
• ground-level ozone• acidification and eutrophication• pm10 exposure
Emissions of O3-precursors
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
45000
50000
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
O3
prec
urso
rs (k
tonn
eVO
C eq
/yr)
VOC NOx CO CH4 TARGET
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
45000
50000
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
Thou
sand
tonn
es
Other
Agriculture
Transport
Industry
Fugitive
Energy
TARGET
Emissions of O3-precursors
Evaluation of NOx emissions
-75% -50% -25% 0% 25%
Portugal
Greece
Ireland
Spain
Belgium
France
Austria
Italy
Finland
Denmark
Sweden
Netherlands
Luxembourg
Germany
United Kingdom
EU15
1990-19981990-2010(NEC)
Environmental Policy
0
50
100
150
200
250
1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000
SOx-
emis
sion
(10
6 k
g)
reference
realisation fume desulparization
sulphur content reduction coal
shift from petrol to diesel
efficiency improvement
Environmental Policy
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000
NO
x-em
issi
on (1
0 6 k
g)
reference
realisation
catalytic converter
other measures
shift from petrol to diesel
Pressure Problems ?• PM10/PM2.5 -emission data• Consensus on aggregation procedure • Indicator for Urban Air Pollution?• Missing years (now simple interpolation)
• Emissions of toxic pollutants (HM, POP)?
Air Pollution Indicators• Air Quality
– (urban) population exposure to• ozone• SO2• NO2• particulate (PM10)
– exceedance of critical loads (EMEP)• acid• nitrogen input
Env Signals: UAQ• SO2, particulate (TSP, BS, PM10),
NO2, O3• observed data (AirBase, O3-dir)• counting exceedance days• not fully in line with DD• short term limit values
Urban AQ: NO2 NO2: Average number of exceedance days in urban areas
(1h >200 ug/m3). All urban sites excluding urban background stations.
0
5
10
15
20
25
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998Av
erag
e nu
mbe
r of e
xcee
danc
e da
ys The Netherlands
U.K.
Spain
Urban AQ: OzoneO3: Average number of exceedance days in urban areas
(8h >110 ug/m3) and nr of inhabitants covered
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
Aver
age
num
ber o
f exc
eeda
nce
days
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Popu
latio
n (m
illio
n)
TERM: UAQ
1995
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
CO
Benzene
NO2
PM10
% of urban population potentially exposed
2010
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
CO
Benzene
NO2
PM10
% of urban population potentially exposed
reference
zero traff ic scenario
State problems ?• Spatial coverage
– missing regions– urban or/and rural
• harmonisation of MM• stable network• temporal: historic data• most critical LV• model vs measurement
Impact indicators• Ecosystems:
– exceedances of critical loads/levels
• Human health– ??????????