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Aim #1: What were the major patterns of Native American life in North America before the Europeans arrived? Do now! Read de las Casas’ Brief Account of the Destruction of the Indies” and de Sepulveda’s Concerning the Just Causes of War Against the Indians” and answer questions on handout

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Page 1: Aim #1: What were the major patterns of Native American life in North America before the Europeans arrived? Do now! Read de las Casas’ Brief Account of

Aim #1: What were the major patterns of Native American life in North America

before the Europeans arrived?

Do now! Read de las Casas’ Brief Account of the Destruction of the Indies” and de Sepulveda’s Concerning the Just

Causes of War Against the Indians” and answer questions on handout

Page 2: Aim #1: What were the major patterns of Native American life in North America before the Europeans arrived? Do now! Read de las Casas’ Brief Account of

 

Main Ideas*Native Populations of North America*Columbian Exchange & its Consequences*Clashing Worldviews: Early Interactions of Indians, Africans, and Europeans

  

Page 3: Aim #1: What were the major patterns of Native American life in North America before the Europeans arrived? Do now! Read de las Casas’ Brief Account of

Bering Sea Land Bridge Migration

Page 4: Aim #1: What were the major patterns of Native American life in North America before the Europeans arrived? Do now! Read de las Casas’ Brief Account of

Two General Views of Indians by Europeans

• noble “savages” that were respectful of their environment.

• dishonest, manipulative, and totally willing to drastically alter the physical landscape.

Page 5: Aim #1: What were the major patterns of Native American life in North America before the Europeans arrived? Do now! Read de las Casas’ Brief Account of

Why Two Views?

Paintings of 16th Century Indians were created by European artists who ascribed to the Greek school of art. 1. What are the similarities between these paintings of Indians and Europeans? 2. What is the likelihood that our view of Native Americans today is biased because the primary documents we use to research Indians were created by Europeans? 3. If we view the Native Americans through the lens of the Europeans, how will that color our view of Native Americans?

Page 6: Aim #1: What were the major patterns of Native American life in North America before the Europeans arrived? Do now! Read de las Casas’ Brief Account of

Why Two Views?Dude, Indians are innocent and

noble. Umm…no.

SepulvedaDe Las Casas

These two guys were the ones who came up with the different views of Native Americans.

Page 7: Aim #1: What were the major patterns of Native American life in North America before the Europeans arrived? Do now! Read de las Casas’ Brief Account of

The Black Legend

The Black Legend is a style of historical writing or propaganda that demonizes the Spanish Empire, its people and its culture.

De Las Casas

Page 8: Aim #1: What were the major patterns of Native American life in North America before the Europeans arrived? Do now! Read de las Casas’ Brief Account of

?

From what we discussed last week, what do we know about how Native American tribes adapted to their environment?

Page 9: Aim #1: What were the major patterns of Native American life in North America before the Europeans arrived? Do now! Read de las Casas’ Brief Account of
Page 10: Aim #1: What were the major patterns of Native American life in North America before the Europeans arrived? Do now! Read de las Casas’ Brief Account of

The Americas…One example is the Iroquois Confederacy. Five Indian nations created a military alliance and promised to help each other in order to defeat their enemies.

The Confederacy remained strong until the American Revolution in 1776!

Page 11: Aim #1: What were the major patterns of Native American life in North America before the Europeans arrived? Do now! Read de las Casas’ Brief Account of

Native Culture and Lifestyle► Nomadic OR Sedentary► Gender Roles

Women shared in labor except hunting

► Animism: the worldview that non-human entities—such as animals, plants, and inanimate objects—possess a spiritual essence

► Eastern Woodlands Hunting and Agriculture (fur, corn,

beans, squash) Hopewell Iroquois

► Mohawks, Oneidas, Onodagas, Cayugas, Senecas

Algonquian► Mississippian

Hunting and Agriculture► Great Plains

Hunting (buffalo) Sioux

► Southwest Agriculture (corn) Anasazi/Pueblo Stone and adobe structures

Pacific Northwest Hunting and fishing (salmon) Cedar forests

Totem poles

Cahokia, c. 1100 CE (future St. Louis, Cinncinnati)

Page 12: Aim #1: What were the major patterns of Native American life in North America before the Europeans arrived? Do now! Read de las Casas’ Brief Account of

Great Serpent Mount - Ohio Great Plains native lifestyle

Cliff Palace – Colorado

Kincaid - Illinois

Totem poles – Pacific Northwest

Page 13: Aim #1: What were the major patterns of Native American life in North America before the Europeans arrived? Do now! Read de las Casas’ Brief Account of

BIG DIFFERENCE BETWEEN NATIVE AMERICANS AND EUROPEANS..HOW THEY VIEWED LAND OWNERSHIP

Native Americans Europeans

•Did not treat the land like they owned it because the concept of ownership was foreign•Instead of trying to change the land to make it most conducive to their lifestyle, they changed their lifestyles in accordance with their geography.

•Humans had dominion over earth•Change the land to suit them

“You think you own whatever land you land onThe Earth is just a dead thing you can claimBut I know every rock and tree and creatureHas a life, has a spirit, has a name “

Page 14: Aim #1: What were the major patterns of Native American life in North America before the Europeans arrived? Do now! Read de las Casas’ Brief Account of

The Americas…

Aztec Empire

Mayan Empire

Another example were the Aztec, Mayan, and Incan Empires. They waged large-scale wars, created alliances, and greatly altered the environmental landscape.

Page 15: Aim #1: What were the major patterns of Native American life in North America before the Europeans arrived? Do now! Read de las Casas’ Brief Account of

European Colonization► God► Glory► Gold► Spain

Christopher Columbus (1492)

► France Jacques Cartier (1534)

► Dutch Henry Hudson (1609)

► England Charter Colonies,

Proprietary Colonies, Royal Colonies

Page 16: Aim #1: What were the major patterns of Native American life in North America before the Europeans arrived? Do now! Read de las Casas’ Brief Account of

Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)

An agreement between Portugal and Spain which declared that newly discovered lands to the west of an imaginary line in the Atlantic Ocean would belong to Spain and newly discovered lands to the east of the line would belong to Portugal.

Page 17: Aim #1: What were the major patterns of Native American life in North America before the Europeans arrived? Do now! Read de las Casas’ Brief Account of

European Colonies

Page 18: Aim #1: What were the major patterns of Native American life in North America before the Europeans arrived? Do now! Read de las Casas’ Brief Account of

DEBATE: COLUMBUS: HERO OR VILLIAN?

Directions: Complete your assigned reading and be ready to defend your side tomorrow

Page 19: Aim #1: What were the major patterns of Native American life in North America before the Europeans arrived? Do now! Read de las Casas’ Brief Account of

Columbian Exchange

Page 20: Aim #1: What were the major patterns of Native American life in North America before the Europeans arrived? Do now! Read de las Casas’ Brief Account of

The Collision of Cultures Begins• Encomiendas!!– The large-scale plantations that used Indians as slave labor

in the Caribbean and South America were called encomiendas.

– Encomiendas were supposed to convert the Indians to Christianity.

– In return for saving their souls from Hell the Indians were supposed to work for the Spaniards.

WE WILL NOW COMPLETE THE “COLONIAL DOMINATION” MURAL QUESTIONS BY ANALYZING THE MURAL ITSELF IN GROUPS

Page 21: Aim #1: What were the major patterns of Native American life in North America before the Europeans arrived? Do now! Read de las Casas’ Brief Account of
Page 22: Aim #1: What were the major patterns of Native American life in North America before the Europeans arrived? Do now! Read de las Casas’ Brief Account of

KEY

#1

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KEY

#2

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KEY

#3

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KEY

#4

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The Spanish in America

►Royal Colonies Viceroys

►Relations with Natives Catholic Conversion

and Missions Pueblo Revolt (1680)

► Labor Encomienda System Asiento System

►Spanish Caste System

Page 32: Aim #1: What were the major patterns of Native American life in North America before the Europeans arrived? Do now! Read de las Casas’ Brief Account of

The Spanish in AmericaThe Vallodilid Controversy (1550-

1551)► Juan Gines de Sepulveda

Concerning the Just Cause of the War Against the Indians (1547)

“Those whose condition is such that their function is the use of their bodies and nothing better can be expected of them, those, I say, are slaves of nature. It is better for them to be ruled thus.”

► Bartoleme de las Casas The New Laws (1542) A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies (1552) “The Indians are our brothers, and Christ has given his

life for them. Why, then, do we persecute them with such inhuman savagery?... They will embrace the teaching of the Gospel, as well I know, for they are not stupid or barbarous but have a native sincerity and are simple, moderate, and meek.... Once they have embraced it, it is marvelous with what piety, eagerness, faith, and charity they obey Christ's precepts and venerate the sacraments. For they are docile and clever, and in their diligence and gifts of nature, they excel most peoples of the known world.”

Page 33: Aim #1: What were the major patterns of Native American life in North America before the Europeans arrived? Do now! Read de las Casas’ Brief Account of

The French in America►Royal Colonies►Jesuits and Catholic

Conversion►Fur Trade►Native Relations

Trade Networks Alliances Intermarriage

Page 34: Aim #1: What were the major patterns of Native American life in North America before the Europeans arrived? Do now! Read de las Casas’ Brief Account of

The English in America►Charters and Joint-

Stock Companies►Population Growth

Indentured Servants

►Native Relations Early Native

Assistance Animosity and

Exclusion►Anglo-Powhatan Wars►Pequot Wars (1636-

1638)►King Philip’s War

(1675-1678)

Page 35: Aim #1: What were the major patterns of Native American life in North America before the Europeans arrived? Do now! Read de las Casas’ Brief Account of

Smallpox and Nativesc. 1575-1580

Page 36: Aim #1: What were the major patterns of Native American life in North America before the Europeans arrived? Do now! Read de las Casas’ Brief Account of

Smallpox

Page 37: Aim #1: What were the major patterns of Native American life in North America before the Europeans arrived? Do now! Read de las Casas’ Brief Account of

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