Litton John E. Cruz

Graphic Organizerto provide a visual aid to facilitate learning and instruction.function as a visual “picture knowledge”Powerful teaching and learning tools.Used as pre-reading or prewriting strategies to activate background knowledge or generate interest.

Ways to Organize Knowledge

Knowledge can be organized in four ways hierarchically, conceptually, sequentially and cyclically.

Conceptual Approach

include one main idea or category with supporting characteristic or examples.

Hierarchical Approach

includes a main concept with sub concepts under it.

Cyclical Approach

presents information or events that have no beginning or end.

Sequential It arranges

events in chronological order.

Delineating a story plot or historical events.

Spider Map Used to

described a central idea a thing, process, concept or proposition.

Series of Events Chain Use to

describe the changes of something.

Continuum Scale Used for timelines

showing historical events or ages.

Degrees of something, shades of meaning or rating scale.

Compare/Contrast Matrix Used to show

similarities and differences between two things (people, places, events, ideas etc.)

Network Tree Used to show

casual information a hierarchy or branching procedures.

Fishbone Map Show the

casual interaction of a complex event or complex phenomenon.

Cycle Used to show

how a series of events interact to produce a set of results again and again.

Directed Reading-Thinking Activities

The Directed Reading Thinking Activity (DRTA) is a strategy that guides students in asking questions about a text, making predictions, and then reading to confirm or refute their predictions.

Action on the part of pupil is a basic in all learning.Interaction means doing things in social collaboration.Children acquire a critical and reading ability.Reading material communicate directly to a reader.

Sound reading instruction is not done on an accretional, quantitative basis.

Reading must be taught in such a way that inspires the reader.

Three intellectually refined skills

1. The art of inquiry or of asking relevant question. -The ability to conjecture, estimate and hypothesize.

2. Processing information. -Scholar does this in a prescribed not a random order, as dictated reaching goals.

3. Validating answer. -Trying the answer to see if they are correct.