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2012ANDALUSIAN ASSOCIATION FOR RESEARCH & INDUSTRIAL COOPERATION

ENgINEERINg SCHOOL. UNIvERSITy OF SEvILLE

AICIA: annual report

AICIA

Engineering School

Camino de los Descubrimientos s/n

41092, Seville. Spain

Tel: + 34 95 448 61 22

Tel: + 34 95 448 61 24

Fax: + 34 95 446 31 53

[email protected]

Design & Production: Artefacto

1 International R&D Projects 11

2 National Projects 21

3 R&D Engineering Projects 41

4 Tests, Analysis, Evaluations and Reports 123

5 Studies and Consultances 133

6 Courses and Training 153

Contents

1 International R&D ProjectsSector Acronym Title

AERONAUTIC PLANET PLAtform for the deployment and operation of heterogeneous NETworked objects

AERONAUTIC CONET Cooperating Objects Network of Excellence

AERONAUTIC MUAC-IREN Multi-UAv Cooperation for long endurance applications - International Research Exchange Network

ENERgy OPTIMAgRID Intelligent System for Optimization and Self-management of Microgrids with Renewable Energies applied to Industrial Areas in the SUDOE Zone

ENERgy PEgASE Pan European grid Advanced Simulation and State Estimation

ENERgy UNBALANCE DISTRIBUTION

Scientific Support for Unbalanced Distribution Network Applications

ENERgy E3MEL Advance solutions of energy and economic efficiency in the electrical market

ICT SUS Smart Urban Spaces

2 National Projects

Sector Acronym Title

AERONAUTIC Design and development of functional tests for the A400M aircraft

AERONAUTIC MOCHA Modelling and Control for autonomous helicopter maneuvering

AERONAUTIC FDIR-SPACE-UAv Fault detection and reconfiguration systems in space technology research on UAv platforms

ENERgy BIO-ANDALUS Experimental development of transformation processes from lignocellulosic biomass and other carbon sources in various bioproducts in Sustainable Andalusia

ENERgy BIOSOS Sustainable Biorefinery

ENvIRONMENT COMPARAE Development of a CO2 capture process using regenerative chemical absorption under enriched-air

combustion conditions

PRODUCTION TECHNOLOgy

vDL-CCP Design and Construction of vehicle for CSP Power Plant Maintenance


ADAM/MACvAH Command and Control System for Multiple Heterogeneous Autonomous vehicles (MACvAH)


MONIF Forest fires monitoring and measurement employing helicopters


TECAI Technology for industrial vehicle automation


ADAM-MARvEDIP Dynamic positioning of marine vehicles

OngOing PrOjects in 2012

4



ATICA All-Terrain Intelligent Compact and Autonomous vehicle


FSP20 Circuit breaker automation for airplanes


ROBMAN Intelligent robotic system for handling large aircraft structures


REFLEX Aircraft flexible riveting robot


ROBINTER Robots for interior inspection of aeronautical structures

ITC PLM-AbR Development and Implementation of a PLM Platform for managing Research Projects

ITC P-gIO Development of a preliminary design software platform offshore wind technology based gIO

3 R&D Engineering Projects


AERONAUTIC ATLANTIDA-SA Intelligent System for Optimization and Self-management of Microgrids with Renewable Energies applied to Industrial Areas in the SUDOE Zone

AERONAUTIC FSP20 Future Testing 2020

AERONAUTIC FSP20 Future Testing 2020

AERONAUTIC SINTONIA Unmanned Systems aimed at Minimal Environmental Impact

AERONAUTIC SINTONIA Unmanned Systems aimed at Minimal Environmental Impact

AERONAUTIC DESAFÍO Development of Front Sections of Intelligent Fuselage for Military Transport and Assistance Operations

AERONAUTIC Odiseo

AERONAUTIC AIRBUS A350: Unfolding fitting validation

AERONAUTIC DAICA Development of integrated wings in Advanced Composites materials

AERONAUTIC Light-Sport Aircraft Design

ENERgy SOLREg Design of an HTF reclamation system for thermosolar plantas

ENERgy MBOP Basic Engineering of a Natural gas Processing Plant for A 300 Kw MCFC Fuel Cell

ENERgy CAvIARU Integrated Development of New Technologies and Urban Materials for Energy Eco-efficiency and Urban Environmental Quality

ENERgy CEMEACE Building Management for Improving Energy Efficiency and Reducing Electricity Consumption

ENERgy CECOEF Energy Efficiency in Building Control Centre

ENERgy Fluid Dynamic Analysis of the Air-conditioning System in a Tram Carriage

ENERgy ventilation Analysis and Air Distribution in an Underground Carriage

5


ENERgy MECLIDE Structural Solutions with Special Materials for Deferred Air-conditioning of Buldings

ENERgy Hot Thermal Storage for Solar Refrigeration by Absorption

ENERgy RS Sustainable Rehabilitation

ENERgy SEDICAE Expert System for the Design of High Energy Classified Buildings

ENERgy MENECODE System of Building Energy Modeling and Demand Control

ENERgy MOPICE Methodology and Predictive Modeling of Energy Consumption Indicators for verification of Savings in Energy Service Companies

ENERgy Behavior Simulation of a Hydrogen Production Reformer

ENERgy Operation of transmission and distribution networks

ENERgy REDES 2025 Development of technological solutions for the 2025 Spanish

ENERgy REE Development of a computer tool to obtain external equivalents for electromagnetic transient studies

ENERgy Prediction of the Magnetic Field generated by a Twisted Three-Core Sea Power Cable

ENERgy Photovoltaic grid Integration

ENERgy COMPOSOL Parabolic trough power plants with molten salt

ENERgy SMARTIE Improvement of the power quality and integration of dispersed generation in distribution networks using asynchronous links

ENERgy CASCADA On Load tap changer for active distribution networks of electricity

ENERgy CRS SALES Prototype of Solar Tower Receiver with Molten Salt

ENERgy SOFIE Optimization of Photovoltaic Facilities in Free Software

ENERgy EvOESALT Empirical validation of EOS at the “Prova Colletori Solari ENEA Facility”

ENERgy TORRESOL Mirror resistance analysis in function of the state of the surface generated by the cleaning processes

ENERgy gASCEN Basic Engineering of a 2 MWth Biomass gasifier with Oxygen and Steam

ENERgy iMANERgy (SIMCENER) Design and Development of a Measurement and Consumer Control System in Industry

ENERgy ABENgOA EQUILIBRADOS

Balanced and analysis of the forces and deformations on a parabolic trough collector

ENERgy ABENgOA HIDRÓgENO Design, development, construction and testing of a Bioethanol Processor System (SPB) for Plant AIP of the submarines S-80

ENERgy Conceptual analysis of hybrid renewable systems based on biomass and solar energy

INDUSTRIAL MANAgEMENT

SEDICAE Expert System for the Design of High Energy Classified Buildings

MATERIALS AND NANOTECHNOLOgy

T3CI Technology for curing process management in infrastructure building


THESTO Development of Steam generation Storage Systems by Molten Salts for Steam generation


Surgical Planning applied to the Surgery of Large Scale Bone Allografts, Prosthesis and Implants, using Advanced Image Techniques, Tissue Simulation and virtual Reality

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CENIT ICARO Research on Mechanical Behaviour of Advanced Composite Materials


CENIT PROMETEO Shear load behaviour of Stiffened panels


E-BEAM S4 Layer by Layer Curing of Compound Materials by Electron Beam

ENvIRONMENT CFD Simulation of REDMAAS Lines

ENvIRONMENT BIOFIL Application of a new bio-ceramic material for filtration at high temperature and high pressure applications

ENvIRONMENT Avant O2 II A new generation of advanced ionic transport membranes for oxygen production for integration in oxy-combustion process

ENvIRONMENT PROCyON Design and implementation of the control system for a molten-carbonate fuel cell fed with natural gas

ENvIRONMENT WASTPLAg gasification of plastic wastes (Solid Recovery Fuels)

ENvIRONMENT Modeling and Control of Leaching Reactors


CARELAB Assisted Control of Risks at Place of Work


Quality Control Protocols in Plants


THESTO (ABENgOA SOLAR)


UNECA Development of glued Joints for Alternative Processes of Aeronautic Units


ESPOCAC Developments and Improvements in the design of the Supporting Frame of the Stream Lining of Commercial Airplanes


Modeling and Control of Solar Parabolic though Collectors Plants by Blur


CRAM Design and Implementation of a Rollover Safety System in a Tracked Excavator

ITC ARQUIMEA

ITC ADAPTA Technologies for Personalizing and Interacting Digital Contents

ITC CE3 Complements

ITC CENIT vERDE Research on technologies which will allow Electric vehicles integration into Spanish State, and its introduction into the market

ITC CLIMEC Development of eco-efficient air conditioning systems in buildings for public use

ITC OPTICOEX Adaptive Expert System for optimization of COEX

ITC FerroSmartgrid Development of the first smart grid for the energy management of the railway system

ITC gestmed Platform for the Management of the Mobility and Supply of vaccines in Hospitals and Clinics)

ITC IoE Internet of Energy

7


ITC Ledesy gas Leak Detection System at Parabolic Trough Technology Thermosolar Plants

ITC MP_BATERÍAS Design and Implementation of a High Power Feed and Photovoltaic Regulator

ITC PyCAS Hydrogen Fuel Cell Production System and Automatic Control of the System

ITC ELECTRICITy MARKET SIMULATOR

Development of an international electricity market simulator with market splitting and complex bids

ITC FT-UNSHADES2

TRANSPORT AND INFRASTRUCTURES

Introduction of Intelligent Algorithms in Controlling vertical Transport Elevator groups


Hybrid vehicle Modeling, control and simulation of the power flow in a hybrid vehicle


Ferrosmartgrid Development of the first smart grid for the energy management of the railway system


Telvent - Ferrosmartgrid


T3CI Technology for the control of cured in infrastructure construction


DELFIN II Development of an electric vehicle with low infrared signature

4 Tests, Analysis, Evaluations and Reports


AERONAUTIC Reception and requalification of Composite Materials for Alestis


Determination of the copper, gold, palladium and silver content in quarry material


Study of the failure of two stainless steel parts belonging to piping


Study of the State of the Surface of the Steel Plates used for Electrodeposition in the Electrolytic Refining Operation


HTP MULTISPAR TORSION TEST


Shear panels


Analysis of failure of photovoltaic modules in ADES solar trackers


Mechanical Analysis of Dental Implants

8

5 Studies and Consultances


ENERgy 3gPC Trigeneration Plant using a Fuel Cell in the Tertiary Sector

ENERgy Effect of Floor and Roof Radiant Solutions in CALENER and simplified Energy Certification Procedures

ENERgy Estimation by Internet of the Energy and Economic Impact of the Replacement of glazing in Buildings

ENERgy EOLO R&D in the Air Flow Mechanics of Autonomous Air Conditioning Units

ENERgy CTEHE2012 CTE HE Revision

ENERgy Incorporation of the gas Heat Pump in the Scheme of additional Capacities of the CALENER Programmes

ENERgy Consultancy for the Optimization of the Load of two Cogenerations and the Implantation of a Steam Turbine

ENERgy Study of the Temperature Range in a Container with Inversors

ENERgy PSS-E Dynamic Model For The voltage Sag Compensator gPCOM-2600

ENERgy Offer for studies to be carried out on the future electric systems of gibraltar

ENERgy Transformer maneuvers with controlled maneuver relays. Electromagnetic studies

ENERgy Identification and Prioritization of the Main Lines of Research in the Field of Concentrated Solar Power

ENERgy Estimations and Reports of Solar Resources


Restoration of the altarpiece of The High Altar of Seville Cathedral


Excelence management in FIUS administrative processes


Development of the new solar trough. Wind test


vibration assessment of the High Speed Line Madrid-Asturias: Palencia- León section


Dynamic testing of pile foundations during construction of Javalambre Astrophysical Observatory

6 Courses and Training


ENERgy Renewable Source generation: Solar Energy

ENERgy International course on renewable energies

9

International R&D Projects1

International R&D Projects

◀ Top) Basic active perception scheme for localization and tracking of mobile objects validated in PLANET and some experimental results. Bottom) Scheme of an experiment of WSN data collection using one UAS. Each red dot represents the reception by the UAS of one packet transmitted by WSN nodes on ground, in green color.

The goal of the PLANET project is to de-sign, develop and validate an integrated

platform that enables the efficient deployment, operation and maintenance of heterogene-ous networked Cooperating Objects such as Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS), Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGVs) and Wireless Sensors and Actuators Networks (WSAN). The PLANET platform will be validated in two scenarios: en-vironmental and wildlife monitoring and highly automated airfields.

The main AICIA activities are the development of cooperative strategies between multiple UAS

as well as the development of cooperative active perception techniques between UAS, UGVs and WSN. Methods for efficient collection of data gathered from WSN using UAS and UGVs will be also developed.

In 2012, the main AICIA activities focused on the development and validation of active perception methods for localization and tracking of mobile objects based on camera networks and Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI). Also, UAS-WSN cooperation methods for the efficient collection of data gathered by WSN nodes using UAS were developed and experimented.

sector: Aeronautic

project’s name: PLANET

PLAtform for the deployment and operation of heterogeneous NETworked objects

client: EUROPEAN COMISSION. VII FRAMEWORK PROGRAMME. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGIES (INFSO-ICT-257649)

12


T he aim of this European Network of Excel-lence of the FP7 is to research and promote

scientific development and technology in the Cooperating Objects sector which groups the fields of mobile robotics, sensor networks and ubiquitous computation systems.

AICIA has been in charge of the “Testbed and Simulation Platforms” work package. AICIA’s main contribution was the development of a re-mote testbed for experimenting in mobile robot cooperation and wireless sensor networks (WSN) with fixed and mobile nodes. AICIA also leads the Mobility of Cooperating Objects cluster.

In 2012, AICIA activities have centred on consoli-dating the CONET testbed as a tool for the inter-national scientific community. This testbed has been presented at various scientific events such as the half-day tutorial “Remote Open Testbed for Cooperation of Wireless Sensor Networks

▲ Screen shot of the CONET testbed interface in a multirobot experiment.

sector: Aeronautic

project’s name: CONET

Cooperating Objects Network of Excellence

client: EUROPEAN COMMISSION. VII FRAMEWORK PROGRAMME. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGIES (INFSO-ICT-224053)

and Mobile Robots”, at the EWSN’2012, one of the most prestigious European Congresses in the field of Wireless sensor networks (WSN), and at the Robosense’2012 international course. The presentations included carrying out live remote experiments through the Internet. In 2012, the testbed has been used by researchers from 16 countries in a total of 41 experiments.

13


sector: Aeronautic

project’s name: MUAC- IREN

Multi-UAV Cooperation for long endurance applications - International Research Exchange Network

client: EUROPEAN COMISSION. VII FRAMEWORK PROGRAMME (PEOPLE )

MUAC-IREN is an International Research Network devoted to the exchange of re-

searchers between leading institutions in UAV technologies from Germany, Spain and Australia. The objectives are the development of:

• Technologies that will help to create Long En-durance Multi-UAV applications in the future, including control algorithms for the extension of the endurance of autonomous aerial robots or UAVs using wind energy.

• Control and estimation algorithms for all-weather UAV operations. This includes es-

▲ Harnessing wind energy (thermals) in UAVs.

timation and planning techniques to avoid weather hazards and control techniques to overcome extreme weather conditions.

• New fully distributed methods for real-time cooperation of entities, involving fault adap-tive reconfiguration of the trajectories for long endurance applications.

Moreover, MUAC-IREN has as objectives to re-inforce relations between the different research groups and exploit their synergies, disseminate internationally joint work, and transfer knowl-edge on long endurance multi-UAV applications.

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sector: Energy

project’s name: OPTIMAGRID

Intelligent Systems for Optimization and Self-management of Microgrid with Renewable Energies Applied to Industrial Areas in SUDOE Region

client: UNIÓN EUROPEA, PROGRAMA SUDOE INTERREG IV B

◀ Experimental device for the OPTIMAGRID project.

The OPTIMAGRID project’s objetive is define, design, develop and implement intelligent

energy control systems that allow real-time management of a power distribution microgrid, applied to industrial areas with high renewable energy rate penetration.

Electricity and telecommunications functional integration in the electricity distribution network is the added value of the project. Thus real-time information is used in order to achieve greater energy efficiency, emission reduction, security of supply and a higher control of consumption.

Load and power source

Fuel Cell Electrolyzer

Batteries

Metal Hydride

15


sector: Energy

project’s name: PEGASE

Pan European Grid Advanced Simulation and State Estimation

client: EUROPEAN UNION SEVENTH FRAMEWORK PROGRAMME

PEGASE is a four year project dealing with the Extra High Voltage transmission and

sub-transmission networks in Europe (ETN), and implemented by a Consortium composed of 20 partners including Transmission System Operators (TSOs), expert companies and lead-ing research centres in power system analysis and applied mathematics. Its overall objectives are to define the most appropriate state estima-tion, optimization and simulation frameworks,

▼ Synchronization measures in different TSOs using GPS.

their performance and dataflow requirements to achieve an integrated security analysis and con-trol of the ETN.

AICIA participation involves development of advanced algorithms, building prototypes of software and demonstrating the feasibility of real-time state estimation of very large model representative of the ETN, taking into account its operation by multiple TSOs.

16


sector: Energy

project’s name: UNbALANCE DISTRIbUTION

Scientific Support for Unbalanced Distribution Network Applications

client: SIEMENS

The work is focused on the following applica-tions for unbalanced distribution networks:

Distribution System State Estimation (DSSE), Bad data detection for DSSE, and Var/voltage control for distribution networks. Electrical en-gineering group is committed to carry out the following activities:

• Analysis and evaluation of algorithms cur-rently used by SIEMENS.

• Suggestions to enhance those algorithms when margin for improvement is identified.

• Leading role in preparing high-level techni-cal publications related to the above topics, according to the innovation level and results obtained

17


sector: Energy

project’s name: E3MEL

Advance solutions of energy and economic efficiency in the electrical market.

client: SADIEL, EPRESA, ADEVICE, ISOTROL & ISOIN

E3MEL Project aims at developing new solu-tions of energy efficiency and electrical se-

curity supply based on new data acquisition as-sociated to power quality measurements. Elec-trical engineering group develops next tasks:

• Study electric consumer behavior to iden-tify habits capable of being controlled by consumers and propose ways of quantifying them. Define also maximum levels of disag-gregation in demand.

• Define E3MEL measurement requirements to properly quantify power quality variables.

• Qualitative and quantitative analysis of those advantages coming from installing E3MEL devices for both distribution companies and consumers.

• Electrical characterization of electrical appli-ances.

▲ Powers characterization of a 8 kg washing machine working with an economical wash.

18


sector: ICT

project’s name: SUS

Smart Urban Spaces

client: ITEA2 PROjECT – MINISTERIO DE INDUSTRIA, ENERGÍA Y TURISMO

SUS (Smart Urban Spaces) was a Europe-wide effort to introduce interoperable e-city ser-

vices based on the latest mobile technologies and ubiquitous mobile computing techniques. Such services and interoperability characteristics have been prototyped and validated in a core group of European cities. The project has provided a new service infrastructure and delivery platform using the latest mobile technologies. It prototypes this platform on a set of innovative or cross-city in-teroperable services meeting the needs faced by modern cities in an integrated Europe.

Key elements involve:

• Providing software technology bricks and de-sign frameworks that can be used for design-ing and adopting mobile, context-based, lo-cal and interoperable services in cities/urban spaces;

• Building a network of European cities aiming at specifying, bundling and validation such local and interoperable services through pilot experiments in line with their e-administra-tion strategies and ensuring their promotion at European level

• Developing an initial set of European urban services standards.

Recently finished the activities, AICIA’s role in the project have been in the implementation of interactive information services. A pilot has been

deployed in the Technologic Campus “Cartuja 93”, located in Seville and one of the largest in Europe, which hosts a large number of compa-nies, research centers and start-ups. This pilot consists of information points that using tech-nologies such as QR codes and NFC transmis-sions, provides users with detailed information of companies located in the campus, guiding the user through interactive maps and offering other information services.

In a second phase of the project, intelligent and in-teractive informative points have been developed in the School of Engineering for both students and visitors. The range of services that the system, which is still in use, offers has been extended.

▲ SUS project concept.

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National Projects2

National Projects

sector: Aeronautic

project’s name: Design and development of functional tests for

the A400M Aircraft

client: AIRBUS MILITARY

This project continues the development of a system to manage and execute the A400M

Functional Tests. These tests verify the integri-ty and functionality of the airplane subsystems while assembling and it is a previous step to the first flight of each unit.

The detailed design of the new test system CATS3G has been accomplished and the devel-opment and implementation has started.

22

National Projects

sector: Aeronautic

project’s name: MOCHA

Modeling and Control for autonomous helicopter maneuvering

client: INDRA SISTEMAS

The project is devoted to the development of new methods for the modeling and con-

trol of autonomous helicopters when performing maneuvers and particularly landing maneuvers. The project includes the following activities:

• Modeling of Autonomous Helicopters in criti-cal maneuvers

• Parameter identification and model validation by using experimental data.

• Development of control methods for safe au-tonomous landing under wind perturbations.

• Simulation of the control techniques

• Contribution to the experimentation.

23

National Projects

sector: Aeronautic

project’s name: FDIR-SPACE-UAV

Fault detection and reconfiguration systems in space technology research on UAV platforms

client: DEIMOS SPACE IN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE SPANISH INNPRONTA PROGRAM

This project is carried out in the framework of the INNPRONTA PERIGEO, led by DEIMOS

SPACE, which will develop a research platform for new space technologies to be tested experi-mentally in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), and subsequently transferred to future space pro-grams. The project aims to develop an infrastruc-ture to investigate technologies that may be promising for space programs and are now not used because they are considered very risky and there is no way to test in normal environments.

PERIGEO will focus its research on solving tech-nological challenges of space missions in four

scenarios: the observation of the Earth, the in-terplanetary flight in proximity to celestial bod-ies (asteroids, comets...) the atmospheric flight, and the safe and accurate descent and landing for planetary exploration.

One of the main research areas of the project is the robust and fault-tolerant flight control sys-tems for space applications, to ensure a high level of performance and reliability. AICIA work will focus on developing systems for fault de-tection and reconfiguration in systems of multi-ple spacecraft.

24

National Projects

sector: Energy

project’s name: bIO-ANDALUS

Experimental development of transformation processes from lignocellulosic biomass and other carbon sources in various bioproducts in Sustainable Andalusia

client: PROGRAMA FEDER INNTERCONECTA 2011-1060. ABENGOA BIOENERGÍA NUEVAS TECNOLOGÍAS

This project aims to develop different tasks to research on production of aviation fuels

and bioproducts, whose results will be incorpo-rated into a strategic industrial research project presented in INTERCONECTA ERDF Program “Development of experimental transformation processes involving lignocellulosic biomass and other carbon sources, in various bioproducts in Sustainable Andalusia “Bio-Andalus”.

In this project AICIA is involved in nine sub-tasks with the following objectives:

1) Identify possible synthesis routes to produce aviation biofuel from ethanol, as well as oth-ers products involved in the transformation.

2) Experimental evaluation at pilot scale of the catalytic synthesis of butanol.

3) Develop the conceptual engineering for a demonstration BuOH synthesis plant

4) Experimental evaluation to optimize the oper-ating conditions at laboratory / pilot scales of the processes involved in the transformation of butanol to jet fuel.

5) Selection of the most promising technological routes.

6) Design of the catalytic process for conversion of butanol to jet fuel

7) Development of models which allow the scal-ing of the process by integrating the experi-mental information.

8) Work out mass and energy balances for fu-ture scaled processes

9) Techno-economic evaluation of the process.

▲ Laboratory facility for biofuel synthesis.

25

National Projects

sector: Energy

project’s name: bIOSOS

Sustainable Biorefinery

client: PROGRAMA CENIT 2009-1040. MINISTERIO DE INDUSTRIA, TURISMO Y COMERCIO. ABENGOA BIOENERGÍA NUEVAS TECNOLOGÍAS

A biorefinery is a facility in which a biomass feedstock will generate different products,

whether chemicals, fuels and/or materials. In a ther-mochemical biorefinery, biomass is first converted into synthesis gas to be subsequently converted

into many products, both for end use, and as inter-mediates to generate other higher value products.

AICIA is involved in three general tasks within the project: (i) gasification, (ii) catalytic synthe-sis and (iii) conceptual design and analysis of thermochemical biorefinery.

The aim of the gasification activity is the devel-opment of a technology to produce a medium calorific gas for feeding a synthesis system for production of biofuels or other chemicals.

The catalytic synthesis of ethanol from syngas is a critical stage in the development of global technology, from the standpoint of technical and economic feasibility. This task will also identify and experiment other catalytic processes, mainly the conversion of synthesis gas, which are used or can be used in biorefineries for the transfor-mation of biomass into biofuels and other chem-icals with high added value.

The aim of the third task is to develop and ana-lyze different configurations of thermochemical biorefineries, where the main product is ethanol, for further research on possible integration with different platforms that might result in synergy.▲ Laboratory facility for biofuel synthesis.

26

National Projects

sector: Environment

project’s name: COMPARAE

Development of a CO2 capture process using regenerative chemical absorption under enriched-air combustion conditions

client: SCIENCE AND INNOVATION MINISTRY BY THE ExTRAORDINARY CALL INCLUDE IN THE SPANISH ECONOMICAL RECOVERY PLAN (PLAN E)

The main goal of this Project is the perfor-mance of feasibility analysis and develop-

ment of a CO2 capture pilot plant processing pulverized coal, using enriched air as oxidizer (partial oxicombustión) and combined with CO2

capture post-combustion techniques such as chemical regenerative absorption. This way a more efficient alternative from a technical and economical point of view is to be found when considering the retrofitting of an existing pulver-ized coal power plant incorporating CCS (Carbon Capture and Storage).

To date an exhaustive laboratory screening plan to select the most suitable chemical absorbent is being carried out and an experimental pilot plant is being erected so as to test the selected ones in the preliminary laboratory phase. The pilot plant is located at the Engineering School of Seville fa-cilities, where it is integrated in the existing flue gas treatment unit. The pilot comprises the fol-lowing:

• the boiler operating as flue gas generator ca-pable of working under air mode, partial oxy mode or total oxycombustion mode,

• the oxidizer preparation devices

• and the CO2 capture system by means of a re-generative chemical absorption process.

▲ Experimental setup of the continuous absorption/stripping lab-scale unit.

As a result of the research program, it is fore-seen to validate this process as the technological alternative for CCS to be used in the retrofitting of existing combustion installations and the op-timized option for the new ones.

27

National Projects

sector: Production Technology

project’s name: VDL-CCP

Design and construction of vehicle for CSP Power Plant Maintenance

client: ELECNOR S.A. Y ALBATROS S.A.

Design and construction of a Vehicle Mainte-nance, for cleaning oil circuits of CSP solar

thermal power plants.

▲ Vehicle Cleaning Oil circuit of Parabolic Cylinder Solar Thermal Power Plants.

28

National Projects


project’s name: ADAM/MACVAH

Command and Control System for Multiple Heterogeneous Autonomous Vehicles

client: BOEING RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY EUROPE (BR&TE)

Flight intent refers to the information which describes the trajectory to be flown by an

aircraft considering the operational context in which the flight takes place and the user prefer-ences to be fulfilled along the whole trajectory. In previous work, the set of rules which ensures the generation of valid instances of flight intent was structured as a formal language, the Flight Intent Description Language (FIDL). The work in this period extends these concepts to a higher level of abstraction, the mission level, and pre-sents the architecture and tools used to generate flight intent from the mission intent expressed in a formal language. This architecture allows deal-ing with heterogeneous vehicles and missions to be executed.

Different components have been identified in the architecture: the models and knowledge da-tabase (mission ontology), an execution super-visor and the Mission Intent Processing Engine (MIPE). The latter component relies mainly on a planner that takes as input the parsed mission intent sentences and generates a high-level plan

in a multi-vehicle context. Feasible plans satisfy-ing the different temporal constraints specified in the mission are computed, and once a plan is found the engine stops. The architecture and resulting workflow have been illustrated with a surveillance mission to be executed by a fleet of UAS equipped with different payloads.

▲ Graphical User Interface (GUI) of a Ground Control Station (GCS) with an add-on intended to assist the operator in the mission design process.

29

National Projects


project’s name: MONIF

Forest fires monitoring and measurement employing helicopters

client: FAASA AVIACIÓN

This project deals with the development of new techniques and methods for efficient

extinguishing of forest fires, considering the pro-tection of both human beings and goods. The final objective of the project is supporting forest fire fighting with new and accurate real-time in-formation of the fires by means of aerial sensing and measurement. Thus, aeronautic technolo-gies together with information gathering and processing are integrated into the project.

The MONIF system provides in real time informa-tion about fire fronts and contours; these data will significantly contribute to improve the esti-

mation of the required technical and human re-sources for efficient forest fire fighting.

The work carried out in year 2012 focused on the final data fusion algorithm to extract the fire fronts. The results of the automatic fire seg-mentation of infrared images are combined with the inertial sensors, maps and GPS to obtain the evolution of the fire front in geographical coor-dinates. The algorithms have been tested with data gathered from a controlled forest fire. The software has been finally integrated into the final platform and delivered to the company.

◀ The fire front estimation algorithm. It can be seen the IR image (bottom right), the data fusion filter (upper left) and the map with the field of view of the payload overlayed.

30

National Projects


project’s name: TECAI

Technology for industrial vehicle automation

client: ITURRI GROUP

The main goal of this project is the design and development of technologies for the auto-

mation and navigation of industrial vehicles.

The development of all the systems for two ve-hicles, a Bobcat 2200 and a fire-fighting MAN-truck, has been accomplished in 2012. Moreover, in this year outdoor experimental tests have been carried out. Finally, the results of the pro-ject were presented to CDTI.

31

National Projects


project’s name: ADAM-MARVEDIP

Dynamic positioning of marine vehicles

client: NAVANTIA

The main goal of this project is the study and simulation of control algorithms for the ship

dynamic positioning. Several non-linear control-lers based on passivity have been designed for the dynamic positioning at low speeds during 2012.

Moreover, methods for optimal allocation of thruster allocation have been developed. These methods are based on quadratic programming taking into account power and angle restrictions of the azimuth and tunnel thrusters.

32

National Projects


project’s name: ATICA

All-Terrain Intelligent Compact and Autonomous Vehicle

client: ITURRI GROUP

The main goal of this project is the design and development of an autonomous vehicle for

transport applications.

The functional specification of the vehicle has been accomplished in 2012. The sensors and ac-

tuators have also been specified and designed. The work also included the analysis of the state of the technologies involved in these autono-mous vehicles.

▲ Autonomous logistic vehicle.

33

National Projects


project’s name: FSP20

Circuit breaker automation for airplanes

client: AIRBUS MILITARY

This project is focused on the automatic op-eration of the circuit breakers that power the

airplane primary systems; these devices are op-erated frequently during the functional tests that verify the integrity and functionality of the air-plane subsystems. In 2012, the analysis of the ini-tial conditions in several Airbus airplanes (A380,

MRTT, A400M, C295 and CN235) has been car-ried out and the requirements for the automa-tion system to develop have been established.

The study of the state of the technologies in-volved in the automation has also been accom-plished in 2012.

▲ Circuit breaker panel in the MRTT (or C295) aircraft.

34

National Projects


project’s name: RObMAN

Intelligent robotic system for handling large aircraft structures

client: MC2 and EADS-CASA

The objective of the project is to design and develop an automated lifting system sus-

pended from an overhead crane, which will allow the automation of the handling and transport of various large components of the aircraft.

AICIA participation in the project is focused in the design and development of the control al-gorithms, static and dynamic study of all the existing parameters and modeling and simula-tion using software of a system for manipulating two-dimensional elements.

35

National Projects


project’s name: REFLEX

Aircraft flexible riveting robot

client: INASOR and EADS-CASA

The project Aircraft flexible riveting robot aims to design and develop a system to automati-

cally drilling, riveting and sealing with the required precision in various sections of the fuselage of aircraft, as well as the elements necessary to dis-place the system over the surface of the fuselage.

AICIA participation in the project is focused on the design and development of the control sys-tem to position the robot on the airplane and, once positioned, to establish the drilling points by recognizing the reference marks and finally the positioning of the drill to work at these points.

36

National Projects


project’s name: RObINTER

Robots for interior inspection of aeronautical structures

client: EADS-CASA and APPLUS

The objective of the project is to design and develop a multi-articulated robot that can

move autonomously or teleoperated, developing inspection work, primarily visual in tight spaces. This task is mainly to avoid human presence in these areas due to the high risk involved for both individuals and for the airframe.

AICIA participation in the project is the study, modeling, simulation and development of a con-trol system that allows the robot to move cor-rectly inside various aircraft structures. Also AI-CIA participates in the study and development of path planning algorithms for obstacle avoid-ance during movement of the robot.

37

National Projects

sector: ITC

project’s name: PLM-AbR

Development and Implementation of a PLM Platform for managing Research Projects

client: ABENGOA RESEARCH S.A.

Design, development and implementation of a ARAS based PLM platform for manage-

ment research projects on Abengoa Research.

▲ R & D Project Management Process of Abengoa Reseach.

38

National Projects

sector: ITC

project’s name: P-GIO

Development of a preliminary design software platform offshore wind technology based GIO

client: GENERACIÓN DE ENERGÍA EÓLICA OFFSHORE (GIO)

Design, development and implementation of application software that enables prelimi-

nary solutions for offshore wind platforms based on technology developed by GIO design.

▲ Wind Offshore Platform technology from GIO.

39

R&D Engineering Projects3

R&D Engineering Projects

sector: Aeronautic

project’s name: ATLANTIDA-SA

Application of Leading Technology to Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Research and Development in ATM

client: BOEING RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY EUROPE (BR&TE ) – PROYECTO CENIT

In the last years, the air traffic has been grow-ing, and it will keep growing during the next

years. On the other side, the current Air Traffic Management (ATM) system, based on opera-tional concepts devised for nowadays out-to-date technologies, is about to reach its capacity limits, so that it will become unable to cope with the demands forseen for the near future.

From the operational point of view, the future ATM system will require a higher level of auto-mation. The ATLANTIDA project has the basic objective of developing new technologies lead-ing to such automation level, and their applica-tion to unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).

AICIA´s contribution to this project is focused on the development of algorithms for conflict detection and resolution (CD&R) among aircraft in the termianl area (with convergent traffic), including the problems of sequencing (arriving sequence of aircraft) and scheduling (arrival on time), along with the definition of a set of metrics to evaluate their performance. These algorithms are analyzed in several scenarios, with different levels of complexity, characterized by a different number of entry points in the terminal area, and by a large number of aircraft (from 30 to 40).

42


sector: Aeronautic


Future Testing 2020

client: EADS-CASA – PROYECTO FEDER INNTERCONECTA

The main objective of the FSP20 project is the definition of a standard set of requirements

to the architecture of the new aircraft systems to take into account testability criteria, in order to obtain an optimal testing process (interfaces and protocols of communication with the testing system, operating modes, accessibility, etc.).

AICIA´s contribution to this project is focused on the analysis and definition of an integral archi-tecture solution, named Aircraft Information Sys-tem (AIS). This solution must determine among other issues the following: equipment that must be part of the integral architecture, interfaces of

the AIS system with the other aircraft systems, and interface of the AIS system with the testing system of the final assembly line. Moreover, the high-level requirements of the AIS system must be defined as well.

As the outcome of this project, a technological step forward is foreseen in the standardization of the architecture of the aircraft systems, with respect to data networks, communication proto-cols and computer hardware-software formats. This step is expected to improve the develop-ment and production costs, as well as the prod-uct and maintenance costs.

43


sector: Aeronautic


Future Testing 2020

client: MDU / AIRBUS MILITARY

The Electronic Engineering Group from AICIA takes part on this project with the goal of

miniaturizing test benches on Airbus facilities. To this aim an exhaustive study of I&C technologies have been done, including wireless and wired networks. Afterwards, different architecture pro-posals have been presented, and currently AICIA is working jointly with MDU and AIRBUS to find and develop the most appropriate solution.

▲ Early concept for a miniatuzed test bench.

44


sector: Aeronautic

project’s name: SINTONÍA

Unmanned Systems Aimed at Minimum Environmental Impact

client: BOEING RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY EUROPE (BR&TE ) – PROYECTO CENIT

The SINTONIA project has the main objective of developing new technologies leading to

the creation of advanced components and plat-forms to be applied in the future unmanned air surveillance systems (UAVs) with minimum envi-ronmental impact.

AICIA´s contribution to this project is focused on the development of navigation systems that al-low the optimization of the energetic efficiency of the UAV. In particular the following two tasks are undertaken: (1) development of efficient tra-jectory generation techniques for UAV naviga-

tion, and (2) development of robust guidance techniques for UAV navigation.

The particular objectives are the development of the capacity to autonomously generate ef-ficient trajectories from the energetic point of view, and the development of guidance tech-niques that guarantee the UAV stability under possible uncertainties during the navigation. This robustness is important because the UAVs must operate autonomously and there is not a pilot on board to solve unexpected conflicts during the flight.

45


sector: Aeronautic

project’s name: SINTONÍA

Unmanned Systems Aimed at Minimum Environmental Impact

client: MILITARTECNOLOGIE, DIESNT, UN UBERWACHUNG, S.A.

In the context of the CENIT SINTONIA Project, AICIA has participated in the development of

a control system integrating a high performance DC/DC converter and an electronic speed con-troller for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV).

Provided the aim of optimization of both the power consumption and the weight of the UAV, some requirements have been established: size, weight, power and efficiency. On the other

hand, other performances not usually present-ed in commercial control systems have been in-vestigated.

After studying and simulating topologies and architectures that could fulfill the established re-quirements, technological prototypes have been implemented and experiments have been made in order to show the improvements achieved in regards to the current systems.

46


sector: Aeronautic

project’s name: DESAFÍO

Development of Front Sections of Intelligent Fuselage for Military Transport and Assistance Operations

client: CT INGENIEROS, FEDER-INNTERCONECTA PROGRAMME

Corrosion tests are being carried out on vari-ous combinations of metallic material-com-

pound material for designing and constructing a new aircraft model.

47


sector: Aeronautic

project’s name: ODISEO

client:

Department of Electrical Engineering-AICIA working on ODISEO Project, included in FED-

ER-INNTERCONECTA Program and collaborates with the companies Airbus Military and Sintersa.

Aircrafts have plenty of harness cables with a wide range of features: power, signals, and com-munications. Set of tests are performed over harness cable before they are mounted in the

aircrafts. These tests are very time-consuming,

affecting the manufacturing cost, directly.

The purpose of the Department of Electrical

Engineering-AICIA is the improvement of the ef-

ficiency in performing of these tests and reduc-

ing both the time and costs, incorporating new

developments and technologies.

48


sector: Aeronautic

project’s name: AIRbUS A350: Unfolding fitting validation

client: ALESTIS

T connection between compound material elements presents specific peculiarities of

behaviour and failure mechanisms, one of these being unfolding failure. This work deals with the

conception, tooling design and completion of test to obtain admissible elements in connec-tions of runners and carbon fibre compound ma-terial skin.

▲ Validation test of T joints in carbon fibre compound material.

49


sector: Aeronautic

project’s name: DAICA

Development of Integrated Wings using Advanced Composite Materials

client:

DAICA project is part of the strategy of Air-bus Military Transport Division to obtain au-

tomated manufacturing technologies to produce carbon fibre aircraft components needed for military transport (A400M, C295, CN235, and fu-ture developments CXXX) and aircraft structures (Falcon, Boeing, Airbus, Eurocopter).

The tasks to be performed by AICIA are the coop-eration in the design, sizing and manufacturing of the tools needed for the first stage of the project and the testing of materials and structures. In this year a demostrator has been tested (including im-pacts and internal pressure) and the experimental and numerical results have been corelated. ▲ Demostrator for testing in DAICA project.

50


sector: Aeronautic

project’s name: Light-Sport Aircraft Design

client:

AICIA has studied for Tinoco Aeroespace the viability of a high performances light-

sport Aircraft. This aircraft must have tech-nological innovations on hyperlift surfaces, maximum velocity and range. A study about the viability of a wing profile to be deformed was made. It has been carried out through the use of mechanical elements (actuators or other devices). The aim of the distortion is to reach an optimum shape, from an aerodynamic point of view, to both cruiser and landing phases. Moreover, the wing profile must have strength

enough to avoid the failure and to limit the strains to an established value.

To structurally validate the new design, a numeri-cal model and analysis was done in a commercial Finite Element Analysis program (ABAQUS v6.8-2). The model was developed using ABAQUS/CAE and the numerical solution was obtained using ABAQUS/Standard. The structural viability to obtain the appropriate lift has been proved for several flying configurations by distorting the wing profile. This is possible because the wing skin is able to be distorted.

▲ Finite Element Analysis model. Landing configuration.

51


sector: Energy

project’s name: SOLREG

Design of an HTF reclamation system for thermosolar plantas

client: LOINTEK I+D S.L. (PRIVATE COMPANY)

A solar thermal plant uses thermal oil (HTF) to transport the energy captured in the so-

lar collectors to the steam boiler of the power cycle. This oil undergoes degradation that pro-duces heavy components or “high boilers” (HB) and lightweight components or “low boilers” (LB). The concentration of HB and LB compo-

nents should not exceed a certain threshold so as not to reduce the system’s efficiency. In this project AICIA has designed an HTF reclamation plant based on a single distillation column with a side extraction of the regenerated oil. This plant has been offered to a company located in Cali-fornia USA).

52


sector: Energy

project’s name: MbOP

Basic Engineering of a Natural Gas Processing Plant for a 300 kw MCFC Fuel Cell

client: ABENGOA HIDRÓGENO S.A.

In this project AICIA has carried out the basic engineering of a natural gas processor for use

in a 300 kW molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) for a stationary application. The designed system consists of the following main elements: (1) Clean-ing unit to remove sulfur compounds from natural gas, (2) Prereforming unit to remove hydrocar-

bons C2 from natural gas, (3) Steam generation unit for the prereforming of GN using the com-bustion gas leaving the fuel cell and (4) Unit for cleaning and conditioning the air supplied to the fuel cell. AICIA has dimensioned and specified the main process equipment and has proposed the control strategy of the whole processing plant.

53


sector: Energy

project’s name: CAVIARU

Integrated Development of New Technologies and Urban Materials for Eco-efficiency Energy and Urban Environmental Quality

client: PLAN NACIONAL DE INVESTIGACIÓN CIENTÍFICA, DESARROLLO E INNOVACIÓN TECNOLÓGICA 2008-2011, PROGRAMA NACIONAL DE PROYECTOS DE INVESTIGACIÓN APLICADA Y SUBPROGRAMA INVESTIGACIÓN APLICADA COLABORATIVA.

The main goal of the CAVIARU project is to develop new technologies and materials to

improve urban comfort and increase energy effi-ciency in cities, with the ultimate goal of improv-ing environmental quality so that it is seen by the public as an increase in their quality of life.

The work carried out has been organized in such a way that this objective is a direct result of a series of specific goals, such as: formulation of tools to rethink cities and their surroundings re-garding sustainability and energy efficiency; the development of integrated tools for achieving

more sustainable cities; study and definition of surface finishing and coatings, mainly ceramic, with moisture absorption and micro+nization; physical parametrization and development of artificial climate components; development of climate calculation of urban spaces tools and behavior simulators; development of specific systems of climate conditioning by evaporation of small urban spaces; evaluation and parametri-zation of the users’ perception of quality of life and development of models of material use in urban spaces.

54


sector: Energy

project’s name: CEMEACE

Control of Buildings to improve Energy Efficiency and Electricity Comsuption Savings

client: DETEA, CORPORACIÓN TECNOLÓGICA DE ANDALUCÍA (CTA) Y AGENCIA DE INNOVACIÓN Y DESARROLLO DE ANDALUCÍA (IDEA)

The aim of the project is to develop a product integrated of various systems, that allows a

set of solutions to be offered to the client for improving energy and environmental efficiency in construction, at the same time as reducing operating costs by monitoring and controlling installations.

This objective is based on the following aspects:

− Sensorization and performance applying the latest advances in sensor wireless networks (IEEE 802.15.4), integrated with systems based on the most widely used domotic con-trol standars (Lonworks, DALI, etc).

− Proposal for new procedures that lead to im-proving the power consumption of a building on the base of pre-quantified packets with

potential impact of different degrees of im-provement.

− Performance on the illumination, the air con-ditioning systems, and the internal systems of energy production (basically coming from photovoltaic generators) to implement the previous procedures.

− Intelligent control techniques, based in con-text, that optimize energy consumption ac-cording to the profiles of the different zones of the installation and over the use to which they are put at each moment.

− Monitoring and control of the quality of the wave and the power factor of the electricity supply signal, working by installation zones to achieve a more efficient method of control.

55


sector: Energy

project’s name: CECOEF

Energy Efficiency in Building Control Centre

client: APPLUS

The Project aims at developing an Energy Ef-ficiency Control Center starting from the re-

search and optimization of the measures taken and remote control of power consumption of buildings. The general project objectives are to analyze the measured variables related to the calculation of energy efficiency in buildings, de-

velop and put into practice the basic structure for the Energy Efficiency Control Center (CECOEF) to be set up at the Applus+ installations in Seville and equip the Engineering School of Seville Uni-versity with the necessary resources to be con-nected to the Control Center and characterize the power performance of said buildings.

56


sector: Energy

project’s name: Fluid Dynamic Analysis of the Air-conditioning

System in a Tram Carriage

client: HISPACOLD INTERNACIONAL, S.A.

The aim of this project is to study the ven-tilation system of a tram carriage in Stock-

holm under various operating conditions. Eight scenarios are dealt with varying the climatic conditions (summer or winter), the level of oc-cupancy and the extraction of ventilation air (forced or natural).

In first place, the position of the convectors and the air outlet grids is evaluated in order to make energetic use of the hot air currents in winter in

the carriage and avoid areas with critical condi-tions from the point of view of passenger comfort.

In second place (and main objective of the pro-ject) the maximum and minimum values of ve-locity and temperature of air was checked as well as its distribution in the carriage interior.

In order to analyze the fields of velocities and temperatures inside the carriage, the system is modeled using computational fluid dynamics techniques (CFD).

◀ Temperature in an occupied carriage (Summer regime).

57


sector: Energy

project’s name: Ventilation Analysis and Air Distribution in an

Underground Carriage

client: HISPACOLD INTERNACIONAL, S.A.

The aim of the project is to analyze the ven-tilation system in an underground carriage

(line 12 of the Mexican Metro) using Computa-tional Fluid Dynamics (CFD) techniques. Various simulations have been carried out with different levels of ventilation, combinations of open or closed doors and windows and different levels of occupation. In each case the field of tempera-

tures and velocities has been obtained, checking that parameters such as the maximum velocity in the occupation plan or the average air tempera-ture in the carriage interior comply with the UNE 14.750 standard. Solutions have been proposed to improve the air distribution in the metro car-riage interior and to reduce the maximum veloci-ties in the occupation plan.

◀ Distribution of temperature in the metro carriage interior with high occupation.

58


sector: Energy

project’s name: MECLIDE

Structural Solutions with Special Materials for Deferred Air-conditioning of Buldings

client: DETEA, CORPORACIÓN TECNOLÓGICA DE ANDALUCÍA (CTA) Y AGENCIA DE INNOVACIÓN Y DESARROLLO DE ANDALUCÍA (IDEA)

The use of phase change materials (PCM) in construction is a new technique employed to

reduce the demand for heating and/or cooling in buildings. The aim of the MECLIDE project is to de-velop building systems that integrate phase change materials in construction. A group of three partners has been formed for this: AICIA, GREA and DETEA, each one being a specialist in some aspect neces-sary for the project. AICIA deals with developing the simulation models, designing the prototypes

and analysing the results, GREA is in charge of the experimental part and DETEA of designing and commercializing the final products. Two proto-types for testing are currently being built: a ven-tilated facade including PCM flaps and a foamed floor division with PCM containers aggregated in its cavities. These prototypes, designed to reduce the demand for air conditioning, will be incorpo-rated in some test cells on which the experimental part will be carried out in the summer of 2012.

▲ Scheme of the ventilated out wall with PCM. Scheme of the foamed floor division with PCM containers. Test Cell.

59


sector: Energy

project’s name: Hot Thermal Storage for Solar Refrigeration by

Absorption

client: GAS NATURAL SDG., ANDALUSIAN TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION (CTA) AND ANDALUSIAN AGENCY FOR INNOVATION AND DEVELOPMENT (IDEA).

The aim of the project is to improve the per-formance of the solar refrigeration plant at

the Seville University Engineering School by in-corporating a system for accumulating thermal energy. To this end, models of thermal behav-iour in transitory regime of storage systems with phase change of various levels of complexity have been developed and validated: an equiva-lency model based on analytical solutions to be incorporated in SICAR, and an 1D+1 numerical

model as reference of the equivalency model. The equivalency model is based on the Stefan solution for simulating the phase change phe-nomenon and the numerical model, called “dou-ble capacitive”, is a model with two thermal ca-pacities and a resistance in order to present the accumulation of energy in a perceptible way. It was decided to develop a unidimensional model in polar coordinates based on the finite differ-ences model.

▲ Heat Exchanger filled with phase change material.

60


sector: Energy

project’s name: RS

Sustainable Rehabilitation

client: FCC, METALES ExTRUIDOS

The objective of the project is to develop an integrated system for sustainable rehabilita-

tion of existing buildings that allows energy ef-ficiency to be improved. The methodology and the tools developed within the framework of the project, acting in accordance with current legis-lation and the energy qualification of buildings

will allow for their standardization and use as a future support tool. It will affect the use of re-newable energy sources in existing buildings, in the better use of conventional energies, in the development of the necessary model for inte-gration and in the analysis of the behaviour of buildings.

61


sector: Energy

project’s name: SEDICAE

Expert System for the Design of High Energy Classified Buildings

client: DETEA, ANDALUSIAN TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION (CTA) AND ANDALUSIAN AGENCY FOR INNOVATION AND DEVELOPMENT (IDEA)

One of the major problems of building de-signers is achieving a design that attains a

good energy rating. In fact, once a building has been designed, the LIDER and CALENER stand-ard programmes are completed with the project data and the corresponding energy efficiency classification is assigned. If the obtained rating is not as expected, it is too late to rectify. For this reason, a tool which helps the designer achieve a final result with the desired energy rating from the start is of great interest. For this there are thousands of possible options, thus a methodol-ogy combining estimating the energy demand

and the consequent energy consumption with optimization techniques has been developed to give rise to an expert system that allows, from a given morphology, the combination of build-ing solutions and conditioning systems to be determined to achieve the desired energy rating at a minimum life cycle cost. The tasks devel-oped by the Termotecnia team have centred on the creation of the knowledge database, mainly a simplified method of calculating the energy demand in buildings, and a methodology con-necting with the LIDER and CALENER standard programmes.

62


sector: Energy

project’s name: MENECODE

System of Building Energy Modeling and Demand Control

client: DETEA, ANDALUSIAN TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION (CTA) AND ANDALUSIAN AGENCY FOR INNOVATION AND DEVELOPMENT (IDEA)

The objective of the project is the techno-logical and methodological development

of an energy management system that allows for energy saving in buildings from the tertiary sector, both those already built and those under construction, by a series of devices for charac-terizing the fittings and elements for measuring consumption and performance, all of these be-ing communicated through a wireless network and integrated in a platform of services with in-telligent applications. This product will allow the different stages of a process for energy rehabili-tation in a building to be carried out, from the initial studies to the issue and execution of the performance project, giving solutions to the fol-lowing aspects:

− Establishment of an advanced auditing protocol.

− Diagnosis of energy performance of the start-ing situation of the building from invoicing data, functional and operational data and ex-isting and new monitoring/measurements.

− Evaluation of possible energy saving projects by determining the energy performance of a building and its systems.

− Economic analysis of the proposed solution, offering the necessary guarantees as to veri-fication of the savings achieved which, at the same time, brings with it a second stage of monitoring/measurement.

− Project for putting into operation the various performances.

63


sector: Energy

project’s name: MOPICE

Methodology and Predictive Modeling of Energy Consumption Indicators for Verification of Savings in Energy Service Companies

client: CEPSA, CORPORACIÓN TECNOLÓGICA DE ANDALUCÍA (CTA) Y AGENCIA DE INNOVACIÓN Y DESARROLLO DE ANDALUCÍA (IDEA)

The industrial sector has an increasing de-mand for investments in energy efficiency

optimization projects. These types of industrial projects generally require significant invest-ments but they also carry substantial savings, both in economic and energy terms. Therefore, the measurement and verification (M&V) of these savings is vital to ensure the return of in-vestments.

The project aims at developing a methodology to quantify the savings resulting from projects of im-proving energy efficiency in co-generation plants. For this, the application of data mining techniques for the determination of predictive models that provide reliability to the measurement procedure and verification of savings by relying on data ob-tained through monitoring campaigns carried out at the plant has been proposed.

A procedure for M&V savings, based on the mod-els obtained, has been developed. This will allow the savings to be verified after the implementa-tion of upcoming projects of saving and energy efficiency in this and other co-generation plants.

▲ Measurement and verification of savings.

64


sector: Energy

project’s name: behavior Simulation of a Hydrogen Production

Reformer

client: ABENGOA HIDRÓGENO

The aim of the project is to analyse the be-haviour of the whole system of fuel pro-

cessing to produce hydrogen, with special em-phasis on the study of the reformer and later stages of purification. Simulation tools have been developed based on CFD techniques that

allow velocity fields, concentrations and tem-peratures in different zones of the reformer to be quantified. As a result of simulation works, modifications to the initial design have been proposed in order to improve the performance of the equipment.

65


sector: Energy

project’s name: Operation of transmission and distribution

networksDeveloping of applications to assist engineers in the optimal planning and operation of the electrical networks.

client: UNIÓN FENOSA

This project continues and expands projects between AICIA and Unión Fenosa. Based

on the results obtained previously, a study to carry out an adequate state estimator tuning is included in the project. This study also provides a characterization of the errors included in the measurements, and an analysis of the impact of parameter errors on the estimation process.

This project also gives advice ans support at the final stages of developing an application of state estimation for electrical distribution systems. This application is used by Unión Fenosa as a tool for planning their networks.

66


sector: Energy

project’s name: REDES 2025

client: MINISTERIO DE CIENCIA E INNOVACIÓN

AICIA takes part as a partner within the Stra-tegic Singular Projects (SSP) entitled Devel-

opment of technological solutions for the 2025 Spanish electric power system, REDES 2025. This ambitious research project with a budget around 40 million euros has been partially supported by the Ministry of Science and Innovation, being the first initiative of the R+D+I promoted by the Spanish Platform of Electric Power Systems FU-TURED. 25 electrical manufacturers, 6 Research Centers and 9 Universities with the owner of the transport power system Red Eléctrica de España and the main Spanish utilities (Endesa, Iberdrola, Unión Fenosa and Hidrocantábrico) make up a consortium of 45 partners.

The R&D project “Redes 2025” intends to devel-op technical and economically viable solutions

to the problems associated to the ever-increas-ing energy demand as well as fulfilling the high standards imposed by the Spanish legislation.

▲ REDES 2025 Logotype.

67


sector: Energy

project’s name: REE

Development of a computer tool to obtain external equivalents for electromagnetic transient studies.

client: RED ELéCTRICA DE ESPAñA (REE)

This project is the continuation and expan-sion of a previous project between AICIA

and REE and that resulted in an innovative tool that improves the quality of the results and re-duces the time of development of transient elec-tromagnetic studies in the Spanish transmission network. This tool is currently being used by the network studies Department of REE.

In this second phase was trying to complete this development with the addition of the most ap-propriate models for isolated cables, loads and transformers.

Also, one of the fundamental objectives of this project is to make various validation studies with real networks, which incorporate the new devel-oped models (cables, transformers and loads), checking its influence on the transient electro-magnetic analysis.

68


sector: Energy

project’s name: Prediction of the Magnetic Field generated by

a Twisted Three-Core Sea Power Cable

client: NORWIND

In 2012 we have performed several simulations to estimate the power frequency magnetic

field generated by a sea power cable employed to evacuate the electric energy produced by an offshore wind farm close to the shore of Bel-gium. The cable is three-phase and twisted, that allows a significant reduction of magnetic field. Due to the twisting it has been needed to use a finite element software for 3D analysis. The nu-merical results have been compared with experi-mental measurements, leading to a satisfactory outcome.

◀ Section of simulated cable.

69


sector: Energy

project’s name: Photovoltaic Grid Integration

client: ABENGOA SOLAR NT

This project addresses the definition, valua-tion and study of the suitability of support

services that can be provided by photovoltaic generators to the electric power system.

The continuous evolution of distributed gen-erator systems and the current trend to renew-able energy introduce in the electrical system new particularities regarding classic generating plants that must be studied in detail.

In particular, some of services usually provided by big classical generators as voltage control and

frequency regulation should be given, in a sce-

nario with high-penetration of distributed gen-

eration, by these above-mentioned photovoltaic

generators. This fact presents several particulari-

ties that have to be studied due to the own na-

ture of this technology. Therefore, the aim of this

project is to assess the possible needs in order

to this technology were able to provide some of

the support services to the electrical network, as

well as performing an economic valuation.

70


sector: Energy

project’s name: COMPOSOL

Parabolic trough power plants with molten salt

client: AKO ELECTROMECÁNICA S.A.L.FEDER-INNTERCONECTA

In this project ABENGOA wants to construct a solar thermal power station. In this case the fluid

(also called heat transfer fluid) is molten salt. The problem is that the temperature of molten salt

must be over 265 ºC. Therefore, molten salt must be warmed in unfavourable conditions. The group in collaboration with AKO is employed at the de-velopment of an optimal technology of warming.

71


sector: Energy

project’s name: SMARTIE

Improvement of the power quality and integration of dispersed generation in distribution networks using asynchronous links

client:

The project proposal entitled “Improvement of the power quality and integration of dis-

persed generation in distribution networks using asynchronous links: SMARTIE” presented by the Electrical Engineering Group to the Second Edi-tion of NOVARE Awards promoted by ENDESA in 2007 was awarded with the first prize. This projects deals with one of the most relevant topics on distribution networks nowadays: the massive introduction of distributed generation

based on non-programmable renewable energy resources. The project proposes the introduction of asynchronous links based on power electronic converters in order to make more flexible the structure and operation of the distribution net-works. The asynchronous links control the active and reactive powers through the feeders they are connected to, maximizing the integration of the renewable energy sources maintaining and even increasing the power quality indexes.

72


sector: Energy

project’s name: CASCADA

On Load tap changer for active distribution networks of electricity.

client: AICIA, INAEL ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS SA, UNION FENOSA DISTRIBUTION SA, CONSEjO SUPERIOR DE INVESTIGACIONES CIENTIFICAS, UNIVERSITY OF LAS PALMAS DE GRAN CANARIA.

The project is integrated into INNPACTO Program of the Ministry of Science and In-

novation, and aims to carry out the design, de-velopment and implementation of a system for real-time control of the output voltage of distri-bution transformers, in charge of supply to final consumers of electricity, using static tap changer based on power electronics. The focus is directed towards flexibility in the operation of networks of medium voltage distribution, significantly im-proving the quality of supply to user.

The project, with a duration of four years, has a budget of 2,536,914 euros, part of which is sub-sidized by the Ministry with the participation of AICIA, INAEL ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS SA, UNION FENOSA DISTRIBUTION SA, CONSEJO SUPE-RIOR DE INVESTIGACIONES CIENTIFICAS, UNI-VERSITY OF LAS PALMAS DE GRAN CANARIA.

73


sector: Energy

project’s name: CRS SALES

Prototype of Solar Tower Receiver with Molten Salt

client: ABENGOA SOLAR NEW TECHNOLOGIES

The CRS sales project, co-founded by the Center for Industrial Technological Develop-

ment (CDTI), consists of designing and manu-facturing a solar tower receiver in which the heat transfer fluid is a mixture of molten salts. The project aims at studying the technical and

economical viability on a larger scale for a plant employing this technology. AICIA has involved in the development of this I+D+i project, which was launched in 2010. The participation of Aicia has included numerous tasks of bibliographic review, design and model development.

74


sector: Energy

project’s name: SOFIE

Optimization of Photovoltaic Facilities in Free Software

client: IRRADIA ENERGÍA

The SOFIE project, organized and planned by “Irradia Energía”, was founded with the

aim of creating a tool which allows technological analysis of any type of photovoltaic plant, using the data collected from plants maintained by So-lar Service. This project stems from the conviction and vocation of permanence of Irradia Energía in

the solar energy sector. The project is structured and funded by the Andalusian Technological Cor-poration (CTA). AICIA lends its research, techno-logical development and innovation services to this project in the design, energy optimization and operation of the photovoltaic facilities framed within the technological support for this project.

75


sector: Energy

project’s name: EVOESALT

Empirical Validation of EOS at the “Prova Colletori Solari ENEA Facility”

client: SFERA (SOLAR FACILITIES FOR THE EUROPEAN RESEARCH AREA)

A team of 5 AICIA researchers was sent to the ENEA instalations (Agenzia Nazionale per le

Nueve Tecnologie, l’energia e lo Sviluppo Econom-ico Sostenibile), in Rome from July to September. During their stay they carried out a series of test campaigns aimed at the optical and thermal be-haviour of a loop of a parabolic trough solar field in which the heat bearing fluid is thermal salts.

This activity has taken place in the frame of the SFERA project, a research project financed by the European Union, in which the main European research institutions into concentrated solar en-ergy systems are participating with the aim of promoting scientific collaboration in this sphere.

76


sector: Energy

project’s name: TORRESOL

Mirror resistance analysis in function of the state of the surface generated by the cleaning processes

client:

Torresol Energy works with solar power tow-er technology, as well as cylindrical parabol-

ic collector technology. In both cases, reflectors are a key element to achieve a correct operation of the plant. In fact, an insufficient or incorrect cleaning of the mirrors considerably affects the plant global efficiency. Therefore, it is required a periodic cleaning of the solar field during the 25-30 years in which the plant is in service. As a

consequence of the cleaning process, after sev-eral years some micro-cracks appear on the he-liostats surface whose temporal evolution under real operation conditions are unknown.

The aim of this project is to characterize by ex-perimental tests the fatigue behaviour and the static resistance of the mirrors, as a function of their superficial state.

▲ SolidWorks model of the test machine and photo of actual assembly.

77


sector: Energy

project’s name: GASCEN

Basic Engineering of a 2 MWth Biomass Gasifier with Oxygen and Steam

client: INERCO, CENER

The main part of the project deals with the ba-sic engineering of a 2 MWth bubbling fluid-

ized bed gasifier with oxygen and steam operat-ing at atmospheric pressure. The demonstration plant was erected in CENER (Navarra). The first

trial will be started during the second trimester of 2012. The project also includes the support on the project engineering and the starting up of the plant, the latter scheduled for the second se-mester of 2011.

▲ 2 MWth steam-oxygen fluidized-bed biomass gasification unit in CENER (Navarra, Spain).

78


sector: Energy

project’s name: IMANERGY (SIMCENER)

Design and Development of a Measurement and Consumer Control System in Industry

client: ALIATIS, CORPORACIÓN TECNOLÓGICA DE ANDALUCÍA (CTA) Y AGENCIA DE INNOVACIÓN Y DESARROLLO DE ANDALUCÍA (IDEA)

Design and development of a prototype sys-tem to continuously improve energy ef-

ficiency of industrial facilities. This system will allow industries in any sector to minimize and control their energy consumption over time en-suring the maintenance of both energy and eco-nomic savings.

This tool is aimed at achieving the energy saving targets set by the client, proposing operational improvements to ensure progressive reduction of plant power consumption. The study has been specifically developed for a catalytic reforming plant of naphtha, demonstrating that the meth-odology, based on Data Mining and Business Intelligence Techniques, can be applied to any other industrial sector.

▶ Screen of the iMANERGY energy management application.

79


sector: Energy

project’s name: AbENGOA EQUILIbRADOS

Balanced and analysis of the forces and deformations on a parabolic trough collector

client:

The project carried by de Mechanical Engineer-ing Department of The Superior Engineering-

School of Seville is centered in the study of the de-formations produced along the parabolictroughs used by Abengoa Solar and the identification of

their causes paying special attention to those ones that directly affect the parabolic troughs’ correct orientation. The final aim ofthis project is to correct this problem to obtain a better efficiency of the troughs, and thus, abetter operation in the plant.

80


sector: Energy

project’s name: AbENGOA HIDRÓGENO

Design, development, construction and testing of a Bioethanol Processor System (SPB) for Plant AIP of the submarines S-80

client:

During this period, the needs of system main-tenance as well as the requirements of as-

sembly and disassembly of items have been analyzed, preparing first drafts of preventive and corrective maintenance manuals and manu-als of assembly and disassembly of the SPB on

board the submarine. Considering the changes made to the prototype, the structural integrity of the components has been analyzed numerically again under the solicitation of impact shocks. Alike, it is in the process of developing the dy-namic testing requirements of components.

81


sector: Energy

project’s name: Conceptual analysis of hybrid renewable

systems based on biomass and solar energy

client: CATER

The present work is the first phase of a project with the overall objective of constructing a

demonstration plant to produce electricity based on hybrid renewable energy technologies using solar and biomass. In the present phase different configurations to produce heat and power from solar and biomass energy were analyzed. Vari-ous technologies based on solar energy of high concentration are analyzed together with various supporting energy systems based on biomass. For the latter two main options were considered: biomass boiler and gas boiler burning the gas

produced in a biomass gasifiers. To character-ize the gas from the biomass gasifier (the most uncertain technology to be developed within this project) a few tasks have been conducted: (i) analysis of various biomass was made in the lab-oratory; olive pruning was selected as the most promising biomass in Andalucía. (ii) tests for the characterization of olive pruning were conducted in a bench scale fluidized bed; (iii) development of a model for the simulation of a fluidized bed gasifier processing olive pruning.

82


sector: Industrial Management

project’s name: SEDICAE

Expert System for the Design of High Energy Classified Buildings

client: DETEA, CORPORACIÓN TECNOLÓGICA DE ANDALUCÍA

The aim of the project is to obtain a design methodology based on an expert system that

allows technicians to the building sector, design-ing high energy efficiency buildings, considering standards for technical and economic feasibility.

It requires the use of algorithms for solving problems of multicriteria objective of buildings according to the design phase that presents the proposed methodology.

83


sector: Materials and Nanotechnology

project’s name: T3CI

Technology for curing process management in infrastructure building

client: AZVI S.A.

The project develops technologies to improve completion times and avoid problems of fis-

sures and internal cracks in civil engineering in-frastructures. AICIA has set up a wireless sensor network that allows parameters such as temper-ature and humidity in the interior of the structure to be known. These devices have been tested in laboratory and in situ, generating valuable infor-mation about the curing process.

Concrete Cube with monitoring technology, both wireless and with cables

▶

84



project’s name: THESTO

Development of Steam Generation Storage Systems by Molten Salts for Steam Generation

client: FERTIBERIA, FEDER-INNTERCONECTA PROGRAMME

Corrosion tests are being carried out on dif-ferent materials for designing and con-

structing a storage tank for storing molten ma-terials.

85



project’s name: Surgical Planning applied to the Surgery of Large

Scale bone Allografts, Prosthesis and Implants, using Advanced Image Techniques, Tissue Simulation and Virtual Reality

client:

A computational tool has been developed in this project to simulate the behavior of the

soft tissues of the face. A FiniteElement (FE) model of the face (including soft and hard tis-sues) has been built for a certain patient and a hyperelastic model has been used to simulate the elastic response of the soft tissues, being bone considered as a rigid material in this case. The material constants of that hyperelastic model for the different areas of the face (see figure above) have been fitted to reproduce with the FE model the displacements of certain points of the face under change of positions, that is with different gravity orientations. These displacements were measured in the patient with a superficial scan-ner. This procedure allowed to get a combination of constants which best fitted the elastic behav-ior of the face for that patient.

▲ Task WP2. Tissue simulation in virtual models applied to orthognathic surgery.

86



project’s name: CENIT ICARO

Research on Mechanical Behaviour of Advanced Composite Materials.

client: MINISTRY OF INDUSTRY, TOURISM AND COMMERCE

This project, leaded by EADS-ESPACIO, aims to deep in the behaviour of advanced ma-

terials. To this end a large testing campaign is planned in order to determine the mechanical properties of these materials. The specific tasks to carry out by AICIA within the project are:

• Materials and Future Technology : Out of ad-vanced Autoclave: MTM Materials/ De-form.

• Multipurpose Materials and advanced sur-facial treatments. BMI Materials. Materiales Multifuncionales y Tratamientos superficiales Avanzados. Materiales BMI.

• Automation and Optimization of Manufacturing and Asembly proceses: “Isogrid” Automation.

▲ Composite specimens alter in shear test.

87



project’s name: CENIT PROMETEO

Shear load behaviour of Stiffened panels

client: ACCIONA

Within Prometeo Project and under ACCIO-NA request, AICIA has carried out a test-

ing campaign on glass and carbon fibre stiffened panels in order to study their behaviour under shear load. To this end a shear frame was de-signed and built and strain gauges were used to control deformations in the panels. The tests were performed in a 500 kN universal testing machine measuring the strains using to different procedures: extensometry and video-correlation.

Test on a stiffened panel. ▶

88



project’s name: E-bEAM S4

Layer by layer curing of composite materials using electron beam

client: AIRBUS (CTA PROjECT)

The objective of this project is the develop-ment of an innovative technique for curing

composite materials. It consists on polymerizing pre-impregnated tapes using an electron-beam quasi-simultaneously to the placement of the tape. The process also integrates an ultrasonic

compaction system that actuates before the cur-ing process.

The long time objective of this project is to sub-stitute the autoclave curing process of composite materials (which is a very expensive process) by this new out-of-autoclave process.

89


sector: Environment

project’s name: CFD Simulation of REDMAAS Lines

client: CIEMAT

The objective is to analyse the concentration of particles sticking to the walls of the sam-

ple lines according to the diameter of the parti-cle in order to measure the concentration of par-ticles in the atmosphere with greater precision.

For this analysis, 5 lines in 5 places in Spain have been evaluated, each with a determined geom-etry, obtaining efficiency curves for every line in question by CFD techniques.

▲ Efficiency curve of a sample line.

90


sector: Environment

project’s name: bIOFIL

Application of a new bio-ceramic material for filtration at high temperature and high pressure applications

client: MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND INNOVATION

The main objective of the BIOFIL project is the development of a new gas filtration technol-

ogy at high temperature and pressure through the design, characterization and optimization of wood-based ceramic filters.

AICIA facilities include a semi-industrial high temperature filtration plant, currently in opera-tion at the ETSI-University of Seville. This pilot plant allows testing different filters and pulses cleaning strategies under a wide range of op-erating conditions such as temperature and pressure. A new experimental campaign has been carried out in order to test a new type of ceramic candle. The filter is fabricated from wood and other natural materials as a result of a novel, environment friendly, patented process developed by the Physics Faculty of University of Seville (BioSiC®), which provides excellent thermo-mechanical performance, chemical and structural stability in a wide interval of temper-ature. The main objective of the experimental test planning is the identification of the most

suitable operating conditions for the new filter-ing material candles.

The project has been developed in collaboration with the University of Seville, INERCO S.A., Bio-morphic EBT and CIDEMCO, with financial support of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation.

▲ Ceramic candle BioSIC®.

▲ General view of the filtration pilot installation.

91


sector: Environment

project’s name: AVANT O2 II

A new generation of advanced ionic transport membranes for oxygen production for integration in oxy-combustion process.

client: CONSEjERÍA DE INNOVACIÓN CIENCIA Y EMPRESA, jUNTA DE ANDALUCÍA. CONVOCATORIA 2008-2013 DE INCENTIVOS A LA INNOVACIÓN Y AL DESARROLLO EMPRESARIAL

The main objective of the AvantO2 II Pro-ject is the development of new ceramic

membranes with mixed ion-electron conduction properties, designed to be used in systems for O2 separation from air at comparatively low capital and operational costs and improved separation efficiency.

AICIA research team will conduct a state of the art study on oxy-combustion technology that will be focused on the determination of operational conditions, power requirements, etc.; and a com-parative study of the advantages of oxy-com-bustion technology against other alternatives for CO2 capture and storage. Furthermore, the tech-

no - economic assessment of the performance of the O2 separation process through the use of the membranes developed compared to the conven-tional cryogenic system will take place. This study will be based on laboratory experiences and will allow the evaluation of the potential integration of membranes at oxy-combustion power sta-tions. On the other hand, 0.1 t O2/day pilot plant will be designed and erected in order to test the membranes developed.

The Project is being performed under the lead-ership of Instalaciones Inabensa S.A., and in col-laboration with the Institute of Chemical Tech-nology of Valencia, Spain.

92


sector: Environment

project’s name: PROCYON

Design and implementation of the control system for a molten-carbonate fuel cell fed with natural gas

client: ABENGOA HIDRÓGENO S.A.

The main objective of Procyon project is the development of the control system for

molten-carbonate fuel cell that is fed with natural gas. This project is part of a demonstrator of the capabilities of this kind of fuel cells for stationary power generation. This demonstrator will provide 300 kW of electrical power in an innovative way. This research project deals with many issues relat-ed to plant operation, including the fuel cell itself as well as all the ancillary units (fuel feed, cooling, power conditioning, etc.). The control solution must have a high reliability degree, since the fuel cell operates at high temperature and it must be working in a non-stop mode due to the negative effect that shut-downs has on its lifetime.

This research project (that it is being done in the framework of Abengoa Hidrógeno’s dem-onstrator) is focused on control system design. In fact it deals with the identification of control variables, operation modes definition, design of

the control logic, and preparation of the P&I dia-gram. During the design phase, Safety Integrity Levels are being taking into account, in order to develop a control system as reliable as possible.

Different advanced control strategies will be de-signed and tested, including constrained temper-ature control, since this variable must be kept at its setpoint even in the presence of disturbances caused by changes in fuel composition and load variations. The control system is modular, in a way that can be integrated in the demonstrator and can be adapted to other fuel feeding sys-tems in the future. Additionally, it must commu-nicate with systems supplied by other manufac-turers, both for connection to the electrical grid and consumers.

During 2012, al the basic design has been done (variables, P&I diagram, operation modes) and currently the detailed design is been performed.

93


sector: Environment

project’s name: WASTPLAG

Gasification of plastic wastes (Solid Recovery Fuels)

client: TOTAL PETROCHEMICAL

The main objective of the project was to ac-quire the know-how to assess the feasibil-

ity of SRF (solid recovery fuels based on plastic wastes from different origins) gasification for producing a gas for synthesis of bioethanol by fermentation. The feasibility of generation of a gas for CHP and to burn in boilers was also analyzed. The technologies considered for the assessment included those currently available

in the market as well as those envisioned to be available in a short or medium term. The work was made in three stages: (i) characterization of various plastic residues; (ii) Selection of gasifica-tion technologies; (iii) Techno-economical simu-lation of alternatives to identify the best scenar-ios for producing 200,000 Tn/yr of ethanol from mixtures of biomass and plastic residues.

◀ Bench scale fluidized bed unit (2 kWt) were the characterization tests of plastic residues have been conducted.

94


sector: Environment

project’s name: Modeling and Control of Leaching Reactors

client:

In this work, AICIA collaborates with Cobre las Cruces in developing the control system for

leaching reactors. The work involves the devel-opment of a dynamic model and the necessary control algorithms for optimizing both the pro-duction of copper and the use of resources.

95



project’s name: CARELAb

Computer-aided management of occupational risks

client: DETEA S.A.

AICIA have developed a wireless sensor net-work for human localization and monitor-

ing environmental variables within construction sites, as its main task at this Occupation Risks Prevention project. Being able to determine the location of the works wirelessly allows minimiz-ing risks and report events to persons in charge immediately. This system has been tested suc-cessfully on real construction sites managed by DETEA.

▲ Device testing at construction site.

96



project’s name: Protocols for Facilities Quality Control in

Urban and Industrial buildings

client: INSTITUTO TéCNICO DE MATERIALES Y CONSTRUCCIONES (INTEMAC)

The aim of this project is a revision of pro-tocols used in Facilities Quality Control’s

works. Those activities are divided in three groups: Project’s Control; Mounting’s Control and Performance Tests.

Its necessary a periodic revision of Procedure Manuals. The revision must consider all improve-ments of accomplishment obligatory standards and others, including experiences in similar cases.

In 2011 we modified the three main chapters of the client procedure handbook, adding a new chapter about “Commissioning”.

97



project’s name: THESTO

client: PARTICIPATION WITH ABENGOA SOLAR NT IN FEDER INTERCONECTA PROGRAM

This project is studying the fatigue behavior of the elements of the active reinforcement

steel (wires, strands and tendons) typical of any cable-stayed concrete structure. Several types of tests (axial test of wires, axial test of strands, and flexural tests with axial loading of tendons within curve ducts) have been designed to study the effect of fretting fatigue on the life of these elements, including consideration of nucleation and propagation of cracks. Further, it is interest-ing to analyze the stress concentration occurring in the anchorages of the strands. The study re-sults will be used to predict the fatigue life of re-inforcement strands, knowing the applied loads to the structure, the frequency of loading cycles, etc. These results could be extrapolated to any cable-stayed structure.

98



project’s name: UNECA

Adhesively bonded joints for alternative processes of aeronautic components

client: EADS

The main objectives of the project, in the framework of the manufacturing of aero-

structures made of carbon fibre and in particu-lar involving skins and stiffeners, is to develop new processes allowing, in contrast to the actual methods, to obtain a higher structural quality

and weight reduction. The role of AICIA in the project is focused in two main activities, the first related with the mechanical characterization of the materials, the second being the set-up of structural tests of two prototypes and their cor-relation with numerical models.

▲ Test on the upper-beam of UNECA project.

99



project’s name: ESPOCAC

Developments and improvements of the structure of the Belly-Fairing in commercial airplanes.

client: TEAMS

This Project, leaded by TEAMS aims to study the viability of substituting the metal sup-

port structure of the Belly-Fairing in commer-cial airplanes by a composite one. This work is formed by a numerical and a experimental study for the determining of the optimal shape of the support structure and a experimental study on the effect of local problems (such as pull-out, lo-cal bending etc.). AICIA participates in the nu-merical simulation and also supporting the car-rying out of the tests.

▲ Pull-out test (ESPOCAC Project).

100



project’s name: Modeling and Control of Solar Parabolic

though Collectors Plants by blur

client:

In this work, AICIA collaborates in developing the control system for solar thermal plants

with parabolic trough collectors at Abengoa So-lar NT, using a blurring strategy for each loop to avoid excessive temperatures at the exit of each loop. AICIA will carry out tasks of design and

validation of dynamic models and development of controllers. It deals with the development of a dynamic model based on models previously developed by AICIA for Abengoa Solar NT that include the loop blurring effect and the develop-ment of control strategies based on partial blur.

101



project’s name: CRAM

Design and Implementation of a Rollover Safety System in a Tracked Excavator

client: SEFOSA OBRAS Y SERVICIOS AMBIENTALES S.A.

The main objective of this project is to pro-vide an excavator with a rollover safety sys-

tem. Thus, the operator will be alerted when the machine stability is compromised.

To achieve this goal, a set of sensors has been in-stalled on the excavator. These sensors measure the different quantities that describe both the

machine dynamics and its ground contact con-ditions. Also, using the data measured by these sensors, the system installed on the machine is able to determine automatically in real time the stability conditions, quantifying the rollover risk and alerting the operator thereof with different signals depending on the risk level.

102


sector: ITC

project’s name: ARQUIMEA

client: ARqUIMEA INGENIERÍA

Arquimea is a project funded by Arquimea Ingeniería that aims the design of high per-

fomance filters for an analogue configurable space-oriented front-end. This activity is being carried out in the frame of a European Space Agency (ESA) initiative.

The role of AICIA in the project is the design of two sets of high performance filters for the pre-vious mentioned application. At the moment, the second set of filters is being design after the first one was sent to manufacturing for its later validation.

103


sector: ITC

project’s name: ADAPTA

Technologies for Personalizing and Interacting Digital Contents

client: WELLNESS TELECOM

Within the global approach and the frame-work entailed by a project of the scope of

an Innterconecta, AICIA is carrying out various specific tasks:

1. State of the art of the available sensoring technologies in the use cases developed dur-ing the project, as well as its later develop-ment, integration and implementation.

2. State of the art of the existing wireless com-munications, election and development of a wireless network to give a solution to the vari-ous and remote locations of the sensor system.

3. Integration of the wireless network of sensors with the rest of the system.

4. Completion of the individual and joint con-cept tests and validation of the results.

▲ Example Use Case (in green fields of direct collaboration).

Generación de contenidos

Anuncios adaptados al

usuario

Motor de recomendación

Construcción de perfiles

Análisis de la interacción

Captación de respuestas

Entrega de contenidos

Interacción del usuario

Análisis del contextoVisualización

104


sector: ITC

project’s name: CE3 COMPLEMENTS

client: CÁTEDRA E3

The Ministry of Industry, Energy and Tourism, through IDAE, awarded to a Consortium lead

by APPLUS+ and with the notable participation of AICIA, the elaboration of a Simplified Proce-dure for Energy Certification in Existing Build-ings. The CE3 programme is the result of the work of the consortium. APPLUS+ has financed a University Research Chair on Energy Efficiency in Buildings, the E3 Chair, within which the CE3 Complements have been developed amongst other activities, through support programmes for the simplified procedures of Energy Certi-

fication of Existing Buildings (CE3). The CE3 Complements Programmes are supported by the results obtained by CE3 and they carry out calculations of interest to the certification user community. The complements developed in 2012 are the following:

− Complement manager

− Correction of savings by the invoicing data

− Cost evaluation of a specific rehabilitation in-tervention

− Economic Analysis

105


sector: ITC

project’s name: CENIT VERDE

Research on technologies which will allow Electric Vehicles integration into Spanish State, and its introduction into the market.

client: ENDESA INGENIERÍA

VERDE project considers transport electrifi-cation like one of the most important lines to

reach the objective 20-20-20: in the year 2020, a 20% reduction over CO2 emissions in EU, achiev-ing that 20% of energy comes from renewables and improving the global energy performance with a 20%. Due to this, EV is a key to address a more sustainable energy model. Synergies be-tween clean energies and EVs are even increased by an intelligent management of the grid, with reversible intelligent grid (V2G, vehicle to grid) where PHEVs (plug-in hybrid EV) and EVs stor-age energy over off peaks periods and act like backup energy systems when demand is bigger.

In this project, AICIA is collaborating mainly in Activity 6, Integration of the Electric Vehicle’s load into electric system: Infrastructure, Net-works and Services, whose main goal is the in-

tegration of PHEV and EV into actual electric infrastructure. Our developments are focused in energy consumption models and the research in advanced services related to Operating and Marketing Systems. Within the same activity, we have worked in the V2G technology application by studying the use cases related to distribution network.

A simulation algorithm for electric demand fore-cast has been developed and also an algorithm that gives support to Distribution System Op-erator helping on evaluation and validation over energy planes for consumption, generation and storage by areas including EVs fleet. Further-more, the adequate communication interface between Service Operator and DSO has been implemented in order to provide a full function-ality system.

▲ Energy demand forecast.

106


sector: ITC

project’s name: CLIMEC

Development of eco-efficient air conditioning systems in buildings for public use.

client: AZVI S.A

CLIMEC project, ended during 2012, has de-veloped a climate control system based on

land used and surface heating and ventilation system further which ensures air renewal in or-der to increase energy efficiency in heating of public buildings heating system.

AICIA has participated in the project through design and development of a system of climate

control which performs the monitoring, track-ing and acting on the various elements that form the network. The monitoring of the differ-ent variables involved in the system has been possible thanks to research in low-cost sensors and wireless networks for large areas. The final phase of the project consisted of tests in labora-tory and real envirenments.

▲ Scheme of distribution of the sensing elements and actuators.

107


sector: ITC

project’s name: OPTICOEX

Adaptive Expert System for optimization of COEX

client: AZVI S.A.

The purpose of the Project is to develop an ex-pert system for the decision support of COEX

Centers. The system is based on the integration of an intelligent Geographic Information System (GIS) and an imaging capture real-time system, to optimize the planning of activities in conservation and exploitation of roads and motorways.

To this end, it is necessary to develop each of the subsystems that form parto of the global system. They can be grouped into three:

• Geographic Information System

• Capture, Storage and Transmission System

• Cost model and operation optimization

Communication between the subsytems is posible by defining a common data model for all of them.

During 2012 AICIA have proceeded to the design and development of different systems that form the complete solution.

AICIA is involved in all the developments through their research groups.

▼ Architecture Subsystems and relationships.

108


sector: ITC

project’s name: FERROSMARTGRID

Development of the first smart grid for the energy management of the railway system

client:

The aim in this project is to develop an exper-imental demonstrator for the first smart rail-

way network, allowing an optimal management of the system’s electric energy and the interop-erability between different urban and interurban systems. This will be achieved thanks to electric integration by means of intelligent nodes within a system that interacts with users in the railway stations environment.

This infrastructure is composed by two comple-mentary systems:

• Power electric system in charge of the trans-portation and the storage of the generated electric energy, as well as its distribution over the network of the railway station.

• Communications system, which is able to pro-vide the necessary intelligence to reach an

adequate management of the energy, with capacity to operate over power electric sys-tem and giving support to the interface to-wards external network, where Operating System, Ancillary Services System and Billing System reside.

Electronic Engineering Group (part of Electronic Engineering Department of Engineering School belonging to University of Seville) is collaborat-ing in this project. Our group has proven expe-rience in the development of communications systems related to Smart Grid and also to electric vehicles and their charging systems in relation to other system entities (such as DSO, Ancillary System or Billing System). Thus, in the frame of this project, we are working to the specification of these interfaces.

109


sector: ITC

project’s name: GESTMED

Platform for the Management of the Mobility and Supply of Vaccines in Hospitals and Clinics)

client: WELLNESS TELECOM

As regards the generic tasks of AICIA in this project can be listed the following:

1. Measurement of necessary quantities for the correct conservation of the medicines, such as temperature and relative humidity.

2. Electrical adaptation of said measurements, data packaging and transport of the same

by means of the formation of a sensor node wireless network.

3. Design, both SW and HW, of the sensor wire-less network from the nodes of measurement to the coordinator device, together with the information gateway to the higher hierarchi-cal level of the Gestmed system.

▲ Phases of Information Scheme.

110


sector: ITC

project’s name: LEDESY

Gas Leak Detection System at Parabolic Trough Technology Thermosolar Plants

client: MAGTEL SISTEMAS S.A.U.

The generic tasks of AICIA in this project in-clude almost its entirety, except manage-

ment. Said tasks are summarized in the following:

1. Analysis of laws applicable to environment.

2. Search for a sensor technology solution for detecting leaks.

3. Design at both HW and SW level of the elec-tronic modules in charge of collecting the measurement from the sensor and form the necessary wireless network for transferring information.

4. Design and manufacture of the mechanical system in charge of protecting the electronic modules and sensors.

5. Implementation of the data gateway and the graphic interface of the entire system.

▲ Mechanical Device Sketch.

111


sector: ITC

project’s name: MP_bATERÍAS

Design and Implementation of a High Power Feed and Photovoltaic Regulator

client: MP_ASCENSORES

▼ Charge states of Pb-Acid batteries.

The generic description of the MP_Baterías project is based on implementing a control-

ler of photovoltaic modules that carries out the management of the power supply of the cabin system of an elevator, composed of the cabin lights and the control button system, together with additional functions such as:

1. Optimization in the method for charging the back-up batteries, improving their conserva-tion and, therefore, increasing their life expec-tancy.

2. Maximum use of power from the panel using the MPPT algorithm (Maximum Power Point Tracking).

3. Awareness at all times of the state of the bat-teries.

4. Regeneration mechanism for partially dam-aged batteries.

5. Temperature control of the system.

6. Implementation of communications for the data report.

112


sector: ITC

project’s name: PYCAS

Hydrogen Fuel Cell Production System and Automatic Control of the System

client: TELVENT S.A. Y MESUREx S.L.

The tasks concerning AICIA’s participation in this project are divided into two subcon-

tracts which are summarized in the following:

1. Collaboration through TELVENT S.A., an in-formation technology firm, is based on imple-menting a coordinator device of the wireless network of sensors which, in turn, acts as a bridge with the CPU of the system. Further-more, it includes a second task, independent of the first, of the elaboration of a graphic HMI interface in charge of representing the various systems of hydrogen production, hydrogen storage and fuel cell.

2. With regards to the direct collaboration with MESUREX S.L. in relation to the work contract agreed to between both bodies, the following

tasks have been implemented: the design, both hardware and software, the wireless adaptation of the infrared temperature sensor developed by MESUREX, as well as its adaptation of the 4-20mA interface measurement supplied.

▲ Demonstrator system scheme.

113


sector: ITC

project’s name: ELECTRICITY MARKET SIMULATOR

Development of an international electricity market simulator with market splitting and complex bids

client: ISOTROL

In this project, a stand-alone application has been developed for the optimal clearing of an

international electricity market with any number of sell and purchase agents and any number of interconnected countries with specified bidirec-tional equivalent transmission capacity. The pro-ject, commissioned by ISOTROL and with ENDE-SA as end-user, will enable the latter to model bidding strategies and their effects in terms of prices and income taking opportunity of the op-tions of complex bidding available at the fore-seen integrated european electricity market.

The optimization module is based on the maximi-zation of the welfare for the ensemble of partici-pating agents (which is the objective of the cur-rent central European market). The module is the most general possible given the current market integration stage since it allows the incorporation of complex bids that are inexistent in the central European market (e.g. minimum income condi-tions in OMEI) but also block offers not yet incor-porated by OMEI. The performance of the devel-oped module has been tested with historic official results disclosed by OMEI. The quality of the re-sults have been deemed as optimal by the client.

114


sector: ITC

project’s name: FT-UNSHADES2

client:

It is a contract between AICIA, University of Se-villa and the European Space Agency. It con-

sists of the development of a toolbox that allows the prediction of the ionizing radiation effects over digital microelectronic designs, by means of hardware based emulation platforms, based on Field Programmable Gate Array SRAM. The system is compound by a custom hardware plat-form joined with a software server that performs the system management tasks and the results of injection campaigns. In this version of the system has achieved a ratio of 20.000 faults/second.

FT-UNSHADES2 is the second generation of the system FT-UNSHADES (Fault Tolerance –Univer-sity of Sevilla Hardware Debugging System) de-veloped for ESA under a previous project. The current contract has been recently extended for

developing a new version of the tool, now dedi-cated to analyze analog circuits.

115


sector: Transport and Infrastructures

project’s name: Introduction of Intelligent Algorithms in

Controlling Vertical Transport Elevator Groups

client: MACPUARSA

The project carried out jointly between AI-CIA and the MACPUARSA firm is aimed at

continuing a line of work started more than 12 years ago. In this phase, the final physical imple-mentation in the controller of the maneuver of algorithms that have been precisely designed, tested, and simulated both in software and in the actual test towers is undertaken.

In this sense, the project includes the implemen-tation of traffic pattern detection algorithms, with special attention to uppeak, downpeak, lunchpeak and interfloor traffic; dynamic algo-rithms based on fuzzy logic for minimizing en-ergy consumption of the vertical transport sys-tem; dynamic algorithms based on fuzzy logic to minimize waiting time of the vertical transport system; and algorithms for pre-selection of des-tination in unique high performance buildings.

116



project’s name: HYbRID VEHICLE

Modeling, control and simulation of the power flow in a hybrid vehicle

client: ITURRI

This project is focused on the modeling, con-trol and simulation of the power flow in a

military hybrid vehicle. The traction system con-figuration is based on a serial scheme where a diesel motor drives a DC generator feeding a DC bus. The traction motors and the energy storage devices (supercapacitors and batteries) are con-nected to this DC bus.

The main result of the project is the development of a suitable control algorithm for controlling ef-ficiently the power flows which allows maximiz-ing the performance of the military vehicle with a given arrangement of hardware devices (DC generator, batteries and supercapacitors).

117



project’s name: FERROSMARTGRID

Development of the first smart grid for the energy management of the railway system

client: TELVENT

This project is focused on the upgrade of the electrical railway grid by applying the tech-

nologies already used in the smart grid context. The pursued aims of the project are broad. How-ever, the main objective is to achieve an efficient use of the energy by implementing the follow-ing actions: energy recovery during regenerative braking, integration of renewable energies and other non-conventional loads such as electrical vehicle. As a consequence, it will be necessary

to develop a number of operation and planning tools intended for assisting the decisions of the network operator.

The project is financed by the FEDER INNTER-CONECTA program being developed by 9 com-panies within the electrical and railway sector with a total budget of 8.8 M€. The Electrical En-gineering Group supports the technical devel-opments of TELVENT, leader of the consortium jointly with ADIF.

118



project’s name: Technology for the Control of Cured in

Infrastructure Construction (T3CI)Analysis of the evolution of the mechanical properties of concrete with age and applications

client: AZVI, S.A.; GEOLEN, S.A.; AERTEC, S.A.

This project examines the evolution of the mechanical properties of concrete with age.

Depending on the maturity of concrete is deter-mined the heat of hydration and establishing a relationship with their resistance.

During 2012, have been carried out three-point bending tests with CMOD control on geometri-cally similar notched specimens with three dif-ferent sizes and several ages of concrete. In this way, the variation in mechanical properties and fracture of concrete in accordance with the age

of the concrete has been analyzed. The evolution in temperature and humidity was recorded with electronic sensors. Moreover, a numerical analy-sis using finite element models of discrete crack was developed, resulting in material laws with softening depending on the age of the concrete. There have been thermo-mechanical numerical models to analyze the evolution of temperature of concrete in terms of the heat of hydration of the cement. Case studies of real built structures have been also analyzed in order to state the nu-merical results.

◀ Images top left and center, Reference element with embedded sensors of temperature. Image top right, Analysis of temperature evolution in the reference element. Images bottom, Numerical model and results of a built cantilever wall in Loja (Granada).

119



project’s name: DELFIN II

Development of an electric vehicle with low infrared signature

client: INTA

This project is the follow-up of a previous pro-ject that has developed an electric vehicle

that is propelled by Polymer Electrolyte Mem-brane (PEM) fuel cells, showing a low infrared signature. After the experiments that were per-formed on the prototype, some improvements were proposed. The project deals with the tasks related to the re-design and characterization of the components as well as their integration. These components are the fuel cell, the electric motor, the electric storage (battery), the electronic pow-

er converters and the control system. The main in-novation done this year has been the inclusion of two fuel cells, which need a new control strategy.

AICIA has participated in the design phase and has been in charge of the final integration, work-ing in collaboration with the National Aerospace Institute (INTA). The vehicle is driven by an elec-tric motor that can be fed by the fuel cells and, additionally, by electric batteries, which needs an adequate management of the power that is exchanged among the components. The control objective is to satisfy the power demanded by the driver while fuel consumption is minimized.

During 2011, the main tasks that have been done are related to the supervisory control and power management. En embedded controller (bases on a PC-104 platform) has been installed to man-age the power distribution between the fuel cells and the battery and a PC-based supervisor has also been designed and tested. An important de-velopment to be noticed is the development of a power management strategy devised to split the power between both fuel cells. Besides, a new low-level controller has been implemented to regulated temperature and air excess in the cells. ▲ Overview of the vehicle, showing the two fuel cells.

120

Tests, Analysis, Evaluations and Reports4

Tests, Analysis, Evaluations and Reports

124

sector: Aeronautic

project’s name: Reception and requalification of composite

materials for alestis

client:

AICIA is in charge of reception of material composites and resins for Alestis. Reception

comprises a set of destructive tests to guarantee that a batch of received material fulfils the char-acteristics established for its qualification, which are the ones employed in the design. As is well known, composite materials should be stored in climatic chambers and their properties are de-graded with time. Requalification comprises a set of destructive tests to guarantee that a batch of material which has past his expiration date retains the characteristics established for its qualification.

The most significant tests employed both in re-ception and requalification are:

• Weight for unit area, void content, resin con-tent, fiber content, density...

• Tensile test, compressive test, short beam shear,...

In 2010 AICIA has also carried out a study of T-joints in order to establish a methodology for evaluating the unfolding reserve factor in this kind of joints.

◀ Unfolding test.


125


project’s name: Determination of the copper, gold, palladium

and silver content in quarry material

client: INCORSE MEjORA S.L

The concentrations of copper, gold, palladium and silver in material coming from a quarry

have been determined.


126


project’s name: Study of the failure of two stainless steel parts

belonging to piping

client: GEA PROCESS ENGINEERING S.L

A study has been carried out using micro-scope and chemical analysis methods of the

fault, finding pitting and intergranular corrosion probably caused by welding and the presence of chlorides.

▲ Illustration of a pitting in stainless steel obtained by optical microscopy.


127


project’s name: Study of the State of the Surface of the Steel

Plates used for Electrodeposition in the Electrolytic Refining Operation

client: ATLANTIC COPPER

▲ Illustration of the cathodes during the inspection of penetrating liquids.

It has been performed a study of the current state of permanent stainless steel cathodes

placed in service at various times of operation of the electrolysis plant. His condition has com-pared with the results in reports previously per-formed on the same subject.


128


project’s name: HTP MULTISPAR TORSION TEST

client: AIRBUS OPERATIONS

case of a HTP. Simulation of bending and torsion requires 4 actuators and acquiring data from 100 channels.

A rig is designed and constructed to carry out a static bending-torsion test for design

validation on a carbon fibre compound material

▲ Bending-torsion test on carbon fibre case.


129


project’s name: SHEAR PANELS

client: ARENNOVA

Cutting test of a monolithic carbon fibre panel.

▲

Cutting on monolithic carbon fibre panels. The test design, tooling manufacturing, and

performance of trials are carried out to deter-mine the characteristics of rigidity and establish load and failure mechanism.


130


project’s name: Failure Analysis of solar modules installed in

ADES Solar Trackers

client: ENDESA INGENIERÍA

A failure analysis of photovoltaic solar mod-ules, installed in solar trackers designed by

ADES, is done. The modules were installed in a solar plant placed in Hinojosa del Valle, Badajoz. After the visit to the plant to obtain a general idea of the problem and to observe in situ the broken solar modules, a set of mechanical tests of the solar modules were done in order to deter-mine their resistance. Finally, a numerical study (by means of the Finite Element Method) of the solar modules with different boundary condi-tions was done. The numerical study allowed a satisfactory understanding of the behaviour of the modules, understanding the influence of the support system on the stress generated in the modules.

▼ Tested module in the laboratory and used mesh in the numerical model of the problem.


131


project’s name: Mechanical Analysis of Dental Implants

client:

Mechanical properties of different com-mercial dental implant models have been

studied in this project. By testing, both the ul-timate strength and several aspects concerning the fatigue strength have been analyzed.

Several studies have been performed subjected to standard UNE-EN 14801. This standard pro-vides guidelines for the fatigue characterization

of dental implants allowing the determination of their fatigue curve.

Also, some finite element analyses have been carried out to characterize the mechanical be-haviour of dental implants. This information is useful from the standpoint of design, thus al-lowing the designer to improve the mechanical properties of such implants.

Studies and Consultances5

Studies and Consultances

134

sector: Energy

project’s name: 3GPC

Trigeneration Plant using a Fuel Cell in the Tertiary Sector

client: ASTER CONSULTORES, S.L., CORPORACIÓN TECNOLÓGICA DE ANDALUCÍA (CTA) Y AGENCIA DE INNOVACIÓN Y DESARROLLO DE ANDALUCÍA (IDEA).

The viability study is aimed at evaluating the technical and economic viability of a trigener-

ation installation (simultaneous generation of elec-tricity, heat and refrigeration) based on a hybrid configuration that integrates fuel cell technology, flat solar collectors and an absorption machine.

The most innovating aspect of the project comes from the global study of all the trigeneration system and in optimizing the integration of dif-ferent technologies to satisfy certain operating requirements of the system, starting from some annual necessities of electrical energy, heat and

cold production. The design and selection of components are optimized, evaluating the de-gree of maturity and application of the technolo-gies involved, and the adequacy in this type of installation of existing commercial components, deciding on the necessity for new developments if called for. The final objective will be to ana-lyze the viability of operating for the first time in Andalusia and in Spain, a high power fuel cell in an actual application with view to evaluating the real performance of these systems in this type of application.

◀ Trigeneration Instalation based on a Fuel Cell.


135

sector: Energy

project’s name: Effect of Floor and Roof Radiant Solutions in

CALENER and simplified Energy Certification Procedures

client: UPONOR

▲ Calculus program to calculate the comfort, average radiant temperature and operating temperature in spaces.

The main objective of the work carried out is to calculate the air temperature and su-

perficial conditions necessary for reaching simi-lar thermal comfort between an air-conditioned system and a radiant one. Firstly, a comfort cal-culation programme has been developed based on the Fanger model of the UNE-EN ISO 7730 standard, integrated in a visual environment that facilitates the use of the programme for a specific geometry in which the dimensions, the surface temperatures and the mesh can be modified. Secondly, certain equivalency param-eters have been defined that, when introduced into CALENER, allow a building to be simulated that without radiant elements has similar ther-mal, behaviour to that which it would have in the case that CALENER standard programme would allow a superficial temperature of an element to be imposed.


136

sector: Energy

project’s name: Estimation by Internet of the Energy and

Economic Impact of the Replacement of Glazing in buildings

client: GUARDIAN

The necessary studies to carry out a web ap-plication for estimating the energy and eco-

nomic impact of replacing glazing in buildings are addressed. The activities identified for such purpose are:

− Creation of a database of climatic data and common elements characteristics in build-ings, including conditioning systems.

− Creation of a database of the specific features of the glazing components. Data will be pro-vided by Guardian: thermal transmittance and solar factor of the products to be included in the computer application.

− Making a calculation module based on cor-relations of the calculation of existing build-

ing demand, allowing analysis of the demand variation by changing the shell constituents, particularly glazing, separating the influence of the glass and the frames.

− Preparing a web application prototype that allows the above modules to be used. The in-terface should allow for carrying out simple parametric studies (comparison of the results for two alternatives) and will be integrated into the manufacturer’s web material.

− Making an economic analysis module, to eval-uate economic savings from the alternative operation based on economic data provided by the user.


137

sector: Energy

project’s name: EOLO

R&D in the Air Flow Mechanics of Autonomous Air Conditioning Units

client: CIATESA, CORPORACIÓN TECNOLÓGICA DE ANDALUCÍA (CTA) Y AGENCIA DE INNOVACIÓN Y DESARROLLO DE ANDALUCÍA (IDEA)

The market tendencies of air-based air condi-tioning equipment, autonomous equipment,

compact or split, evolve towards the design of smaller per-kilowatt-interior units (those treat-ing the air inside the building). The transit sec-

▲ Composition made from studying one of the machines..

tions of the evaporator batteries are daily more reduced, with a resulting increase in the speeds of transit. Thus, conservative index values tradi-tionally used for design guaranteeing appropri-ate working parameters are achieved. The aim undertaken in this work is the characterization of the patterns of the airflow within autonomous air conditioning equipment. The main items are:

− Creating a CFD performance protocol: mod-eling, simulation and post-processing.

− Validating the protocol by simulating 5 units.

− Characterization in detail of the air distribu-tion in the machine.

− Specific studies: incorporation of elements, modifications, improvements….


138

sector: Energy

project’s name: CTEHE2012

CTE HE Revision

client: INSTITUTO EDUARDO TORROjA DE CIENCIAS DE LA CONSTRUCCIÓN

In 2010, a revision of the energy efficiency in buildings directive was published, setting

a transition deadline of two years (until 2012) and suggesting that member states establish a framework for evolving the minimum require-ments. For the Technical Code, at least three re-visions are foreseen: 2011, 2015 and 2020. This agreement as three objectives:

− Continue the work of fixing the new require-ments that the basic habitability and energy document should contemplate in the 2011 revision, within the framework of the evolu-tion of the demands for reaching the overall objective of the new directive to obtain new buildings with almost zero energy demand by 2018/2020.

− Modify the official LIDER and CALENER pro-grammes.

− Carry out a process of looking for the opti-mum cost solution in each climatic zone, ac-cording to that established by the 244/2012 Delegated Regulation which establishes a

comparative methodology framework for cal-culating cost-optimal levels of the minimum requirements of energy efficiency in buildings and their elements.

In 2012, the following works have been carried out:

− Estimation of heating and refrigeration de-mands in homes and tertiary buildings with the requirements set in PHASE I. Study of the impact on newly built dwellings.

− Consolidation of tables and regulation docu-ments.

− Study of the risk of overheating/subcooling in the absence of air-conditioning

− Winter ventilation: opaque sealing, variable air supply, double air flow, self-regulating ven-tilation openings. Nocturnal overventilation in summer. Special elements of the encasement.

− Implementation of new requirements. Combi-nation of LIDER/CALENER tools. Administra-tive outputs. Bringing documentation up to date.


139

sector: Energy

project’s name: Incorporation of the Gas Heat Pump in the

Scheme of additional Capacities of the CALENER Programmes

client: SEDIGAS

A computer application is developed that sim-ulates the seasonal behaviour of gas heat

pumps and its repercussion on energy heating in buildings through the CALENER programmes, by means of the use of the behaviour curves of the equipment of two manufacturers. The influ-ence of the climatic and operational conditions requires hourly simulation of the behaviour of

the equipment. The energy demand data will be obtained from the post processor of the energy certification results of PostCALENER buildings. In a second phase, a simplified characterization method of this equipment has been developed starting from the simulation programme, which allows its consideration in the CALENER-VYP and CE3 energy rating procedures.


140

sector: Energy

project’s name: Consultancy for the Optimization of the Load

of two Cogenerations and the Implantation of a Steam Turbine

client: ENERGY DERIVATIVES FOR TRANSPORT AND INDUSTRY, S.A. (CEPSA GROUP)

The aim of the project is to optimize the two cogeneration charge of 42 MW, as well as

the interest of installing a steam turbine on the basis of different steam demand situations, daily states of the electricity market and its interac-tion with other plants of the complex that also administer steam to the process.

Boilers at the 42 MW cogenaration plant.

▲


141

sector: Energy

project’s name: Study of the Temperature Range in a Container

with Inversors

client: GREEN POWER TECHNOLOGIES SL

The project is aimed at analysing the range of temperatures inside a container with

electronic devices in its interior using CFD tech-niques. The study examines different levels of ventilation and different percentages of dissipa-

tion in the interior of the electrical energy con-sumed by the inverters. The critical areas related to the temperature fields and the best ventila-tion strategies are identified.


142

sector: Energy

project’s name: PSS-E Dynamic Model for the Voltage Sag

Compensator GPCOM-2600

client: GREENPOWER TECHNOLOGIES S.L.

The voltage sag compensator GPCOM-2600 developed by GreenPower Technologies

S.L. is a Static Compensator (STATCOM). This device has to be connected in parallel close to the wind generator which has to comply with the grid code imposed by the Transmission Sys-tem Operators (TSOs). The dynamic simulation models of these devices are usually required by the TSOs in order to evaluate their behavior us-ing standard dynamic simulation tools. Among all the dynamic analysis software, PSS-E is the most frequent one, so that AICIA was requested to develop the GPCOM-2600 dynamic model under this platform. The model has been adjust-ed using detailed dynamic simulations based on PSCAD and actual measurements.

▲ Results of the GPCOM-2600 dynamic simulation model.


143

sector: Energy

project’s name: Offer for studies to be carried out on the

future electric systems of Gibraltar

client: VALDEMAR INGENIEROS

In 2012, a report was made that, starting from the current situation of the Gibraltarian me-

dium voltage electricity network (isolated elec-trical system), establishes and describes a series of future studies that will serve as a basis for the foreseen renovation of the network, passed by the Gibraltarian authorities. The document sets the main aspects to be tackled in each study. The proposed studies are the following:

− Design of the transport/distribution network in MT

− Dynamic stability of the transport network

− Management of the reactive

− Replacement of the service

− Design of the protection system

− Functional design of the automation and management system

▲ Photo of Gibraltar.


144

sector: Energy

project’s name: Transformer maneuvers with controlled

maneuver relays. Electromagnetic studies

client:

The transformer energizations can lead to problems such as long voltage sags, unde-

sired protection tripping, reduction of the lifetime of the insulating materials and overvoltages pro-duced by resonance phenomena, among others.

This project deals with the study and advice in re-lation to the tools available to fight this phenom-enon, especially the use of controlled maneuver relays, for which transient models and studies based on simulations will be accomplished.


145

sector: Energy

project’s name: Identification and Prioritization of the Main

Lines of Research in the Field of Concentrated Solar Power

client: SOLAR CONCENTRA (TECHNOLOGICAL PLATFORM FOR CONCENTRATED SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY)

AICIA has made this report for the Techno-logical Platform for Concentrated Solar

Thermal Energy (SOLAR CONCENTRA), whose objective is to approximate the identification of R&D lines of solar thermal electricity and its later classification and prioritization .

The SOLAR CONCENTRA Platform is an active participating forum in which are integrated all the agents of the Concentrated Solar Thermal

Energy sector (public administrations, business-es, technological centres, associations, technol-ogy and research platforms). One of the main objectives of this Platform is the elaboration of the Research Strategy Schedule of the sector.

The report drawn up by AICIA is a valuable con-tribution to identifying the policies for promot-ing R&D&I in this sector.


146

sector: Energy

project’s name: Estimations and Reports of Solar Resources

Reports on the solar resources at different locations for solar thermal electricity plants and photovoltaic plants.

client: RENOVABLES SAMCA, S.A., ANDASOL, ARENALES SOLAR, FOTOWATIO ASSET MANAGEMENT, DOUGHTY HANSON & CO MANAGERS LTD., DEUTSCHE ALTERNATIVE ASSET MANAGEMENT (UK), ETC.

Since 2006, backed by successive Royal De-crees to develop and regulate special regime

electricity generation, a fair number of projects for Solar Thermal Electricity Plants and Photo-voltaic Plants have been developed. One of the first steps in all these projects is to estimate the typical solar irradiation of a location as precisely as possible, with a view to analysing the viability of the project as well as obtaining financing for it. Once these plants are put into operation, it is necessary to continue to monitor the available solar resources focussed on various applications such as optimizing the working of the plant or controlling its production amongst others.

The experience of AICIA in the fields of measur-ing and analysing solar radiation, as well as con-centrated solar thermal systems and photovol-taic systems, has been highly esteemed by the various promoters of these projects who con-

tinue to call for our services to carry out meas-urement, characterization, and solar resource monitoring studies and to elaborate production reports, amongst others, both for plants under construction and for plants already in operation.

▲ View of the radiometric and meteorological measurement station situated on the terrace of the laboratory buildings at the Engineering School of Seville University.


147


project’s name: Restoration of the altarpiece of The High Altar

of Seville Cathedral

client: ÁGORA RESTAURACIONES

The condition of the metallic structure of the support of the Altarpiece of the High Altar

of Seville Cathedral has been inspected as part of a restoration project underway.

▲ AICIA technicians during the inspection.


148


project’s name: Excelence management in FIUS administrative

processes

client:

The project strives for excellence in the FIUS management through the integration of all

administrative processes, personnel to perform and using ITCs. Its purpose is to provide support to the modernization of its processes in daily management. This modernization is key for sus-tainable and balanced growth in all its aspects,

facing the future with confidence to use their re-sources more effectively and efficiently. This will begin conducting a preliminary analysis of possi-ble improvements, detecting the main proceed-ings. Subsequently have an impact on processes and their changes detected in the preliminary analysis.


149


project’s name: Development of the new solar trough.

Wind test

client:

In this project an experimental study of para-bolic trough located on the solar power plant

Solnova 1 is carried out. Measuring the speed and direction of wind allow to correlate the stresses and deformations in the supporting structure Astro solar trough.


150


project’s name: Vibration assessment of the High Speed Line

Madrid-Asturias: Palencia-León section

client:

This project involved the assessment of in-duced vibrations in the High Speed Line

Madrid-Asturias, Palencia – Leon section . This study is related with prediction, experimental measure and mitigation of vibrations due to train passage.


151


project’s name: Dynamic testing of pile foundations during

construction of Javalambre Astrophysical Observatory

client: TORRESCÁMARA Y CÍA DE OBRAS, S.A.

An extensive experimental campaign has been carried out at site on Javalambre as-

trophysical observatory for obtaining the pile stiffnesses. The method used to determine the dynamic stiffness of the foundation was based on the Frequency Response Function (FRF) of the foundation-soil system. In situ tests consist-ed on recording piles and soil responses due to impacts on two pile-heads.

Courses and Training6

Courses and Training

154

sector: Energy

project’s name: Renewable Source Generation: Solar Energy

Subject given within the University Masters in Electrical Technology at the Higher School of Engineering-ICAI

cliente: ENDESA ESCUELA DE ENERGÍA

AICIA has participated another year in this Official Masters, directed to engineers and

science graduates, organized jointly by Endesa, through the Endesa School of Energy and The Pontifical University of Comillas through their Higher Technical School (ICAI) in Madrid.

Our participation has centered on the solar en-ergy content, as part of the “Generation of Re-newable Sources” subject which includes Solar Irradiance, Photovoltaic Solar Energy and Ther-moelectric Solar Energy.

In the last edition, this contents were given at the Higher School of Engineering of Sevilla, from 5th to 8th March 2012 and included a visit to the PS10 Platform of Abengoa Solar in Sanlúcar la Mayor (Sevilla).

▲ Visit the Master students to Abengoa Solar’s PS10 plant.

Courses and Training

155

sector: Energy

project’s name: International course on renewable energies

International Course on Renewable Energies and Technical Visits to Businesses, Research Centres and Power Installations.

cliente: ESPE (ESCUELA POLITéCNICA DEL EjéRCITO DEL ECUADOR)

AICIA has given this course to 29 students of a Master in Renewable Energies, III Pro-

motion 2011-2013, of the Escuela Politécnica del Ejército del Ecuador (Army Polytechnic School of Ecuador).

The course is included in the content of said masters, that is imparted in Quito, Ecuador, from where its students come, and took place in Se-ville University Engineering School from 17th to 25th September 2012 with 36 teaching hours. Its programme included various lectures by emi-

nent experts in the field, as well as many techni-

cal visits to firms, research centres, and different

types of renewable energy installations in Anda-

lusia, amongst which were included wind parks,

photovoltaic plants, solar thermal electricity

plants, factories manufacturing equipment and

components for solar installations etc., with the

aim of offering the students an overall vision of

the state of development of renewable energies

in our region.

AERONAUTIC: Materials, structures and Aeronautical / Constructions / Unmanned Air Vehicles / Navigation and Air Traffic Control / Aircraft systems / Aerospace Propulsion / Airport

Engineering. ENERGY: Energy Transport and Supply / Solar Energy / Bioenergy / Wind and Marine / Energy Saving and Efficient Use / Power Plants / Hydrogen and Fuel Cells.

MATERIAls ANd NANOTEChNOlOGY: Nanotechnology / Metallurgy Technology / Simulation and Analysis of Materials / Metallic Materials. ENVIRONMENT: CO2 Capture Processes

/ Evaluation and Control of contamination / Waste Analysis and Evaluation / Systems for the Protection and Inspection. INdUsTRIAl MANAGEMENT: Production Management / Design

and Improvement of Productive Systems / Firm Management and Administration / Engineering Project Management. INfORMATION ANd COMMUNICATION TEChNOlOGY: Industrial

Electronics / Consumer Electronics / Communication Electronics / Information Technology / Biomedical Engineering / Telecommunications Infrastructure and Services. PROdUCTION

TEChNOlOGY: Automation and Robotics / Chemical Process Technology / Mechanics Technology / Metrology and Manufacturing / Process Supervision and Mechanical Control /

Instrumentation. TRANsPORT ANd INfRAsTRUCTUREs: Transport and Traffic Management / Logistics Management / Vertical Transports / Vehicles / Infrastructures / Construction

Technology. AERONAUTIC: Materials, structures and Aeronautical / Constructions / Unmanned Air Vehicles / Navigation and Air Traffic Control / Aircraft systems / Aerospace Propulsion

/ Airport Engineering. ENERGY: Energy Transport and Supply / Solar Energy / Bioenergy / Wind and Marine / Energy Saving and Efficient Use / Power Plants / Hydrogen and Fuel Cells.





















































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