ahkaam al-tajweed by umm-e-khalid

7/31/2019 Ahkaam Al-Tajweed by Umm-E-Khalid

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ABRIEF INTRODUCTION TO

TAJWEED

For Woodlands Rd Masjid

Birmingham

January 2009

By


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SOME PRINCIPLES OF TAJWEED

Definition LinguisticallyTajweed meansBetterment.

Applieddefinition

Articulating everyletter from itsarticulation pointand giving eachletter its right.

Its Precept Knowledge ofTajweed is FardKifayaa oneperson within thecommunity mostknow it . Itsapplication isfardh`ain, required

by all Muslims. The Fruits It is preserving the

tongue frommistakes whenreciting theglorious Quran.

Its Principles 1. Knowledge of

the articulationpoints of theletters

2. Knowledge ofthe characteristicsof the letters

3. Knowledge ofwhat rules change

in the letters dueto the order ofletters.

4. Exercising thetongue and a lotof repetition.

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SECTION ONE :PRONUNCIATION OFARABIC LETTERS

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Makharij al Haroof The point ofexit of each letter.

Sifaat al Haroof Thecharacteristic of each letter.

Additional notes concerning specific letters

&


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Makhrij al Haroof

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IN THE HUMAN BODY SPEECH IS DIVIDED INTO FIVE MAIN SECTIONS:

Makhaarij

The Interior chest area

The Throat

The Tongue

The lips

The nasal passage

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IN THE HUMAN BODY SPEECH IS DIVIDED INTO FIVE MAIN SECTIONS

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LONGVOWELS1STALJAWF

Elongation English Example

from the

Quran

2 Counts in middleof sentence

4 Counts at the endof the sentence.

Alif sakina

preceded byFatha (Zabar) Surat Huud Verse 49 -

2 Counts in middleof sentence4 Counts at the endof the sentence.

Wow sakinapreceded byDamah

(Pesh)

Surat Huud Verse 49

-

2 Counts in middleof sentence4 Counts at the endof the sentence.

Yaa sakinapreceded byKasra (Zair)

Surat Huud Verse 49 -8


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SHORTVOWELS

Pronunciation Way to

pronounce

Vowel s in

transliteration

Vowels in

Urdu

Short Vowels

in Arabic

Example

aa

Open your

mouth

Fatha Zabar -

ooMake the lipsinto a circle

Dhammah Pesh -

ee

Smile

Kasra

Zair-

Absence of

Vowel--- Sakoon Sakoon/Jazam -

Doubled letter --- Shaddah Shaddah - 9


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2ND .THETHROAT THE THROAT FROM IT EMERGES 6 LETTERS IN PAIRS OF 2

:

Hamza and haa come from the deepestpart of the throat.

`Ayn and Haa (haa like a breath) fromthe middle part of the throat.

Ghayn and Khaa come from the nearestpart of the throat towards to mouth.

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3RDTHE TONGUE -- THE TONGUE CONTAINS TEN (10) MAKHAARIJ FOR EIGHTEEN (18) LETTERS.

-

The makhrij of comes fromthe innermost part of thetongue toward the mouth andwhat corresponds from theroof of the mouth.

-

The makhrij of comes theinnermost part of the tonguenext to the throat with whatis opposite to it

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POSITIONING OF THE TONGUE FOR THE

LETTERS -

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3RDTHE TONGUE -- THE TONGUE CONTAINS TEN MAKHAARIJ FOR EIGHTEEN LETTERS.

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This is

where the

comes fromThis is

where the

comes from


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FROM THE MIDDLE OF THE TONGUE COME 3 LETTERS WITH THE MAAKHRIJ

--These letters come in a group and are pronounced from the middle part of the

tongue, the tongue touches the roof of the mouth.

--These letters come in a group and are pronounced from the middle part of the

tongue, the tongue does not touch the roof of the mouth, instead the soundspreads.

()These letters come in a group, however this yaa is not yaa maddiyah, this yaa is

not preceded by kasra Away to remember these letters is - Army

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LETTERS

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THE MAKHRIJ OF DAAD

ONE OR BOTH EDGES OF THE TONGUE -

One or both edgesof the tongue are

used along with theupper back molars.

The left side is mostcommonly used.

The Prophet

was able to useboth sides of his

molars. 16


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THE MAKHRIJ OF LAAM -THE TONGUE

To release the makhrijof laam, raise the edgeof your tongue to the

upper gums of theupper front molars

(canine teeth)17


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LETTER LAAM -

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THE MAKHRIJ OF NOON IS BEHIND THE LAAM

The makhrij ofNoon is behind theLaam raise the head

of your tonguetowards the gums

of the uppercentral incisors

The noon has 2

makhrijiesAlLisaan andAlkhayshum

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LETTER

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THE MAKHRIJ OF RAA IS BEHIND THE NOON

The tonguetouches the gumsof the two upper

central incisors .Raa also has itsown rules which

will be discussed infurther lessons.

The Makhrij ofRaa is behind thenoon, if you rollthe tongue , youfind its point ofexit. One should

not roll the tongue

when reciting

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LETTER

22Heavy Raa - Raa -Light Raa -


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3 LETTERS THAT COME FROM THE TONGUE

The tip of thetongue touchesthe upper teeth.



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POSITIONING OF THE TONGUE FOR THE LETTERS

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3 LETTERS THAT COME FROM THE TONGUE

The tonguevibratesbehind thelower teeth

The tonguerests behind

the lowerteeth

The tonguetouches the

lower teethand pointstowards theupper teeth.

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LETTERS

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3 LETTERS THAT COME FROM THE SAME AREA OF THE

TONGUE

The tip of the tongue touches the tipsof the upper teeth.

The tip of the tongue touches the tipsof the upper teeth.

The tip of the tongue touches the tips of theupper teethwith more force, as it is astronger letter.

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LETTERS

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FROM THE LIPS COME FOUR LETTERS

:

Comes formthe wet partof the lips

Comes fromthe dry partof the lips

Make thelips into a

circle.29


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POSITIONING OF THE LIPS FOR THE

LETTERS

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4TH - FROM THE LIPS COME FOUR LETTERS

:

- 1st : Place the tongue behind the lower teeth

2nd

Place the Upper incisors on the inside ofthe lower lip. This will help you to release the letter faa.

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POSITIONING OF THE LIPS FOR THE

LETTER

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5THTHE NASAL PASSAGE: :

This is the

Makhrij ofGunnah

It will be dealtwith in furthersections.

Al Gunnah isnot a letter buta quality

It resemblesthe sound of afemale gazelle

when she haslost her child. 33


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RECAP ON MAKHARIJ AL HAROOF

Makharij al Haroof Letters

The interior chest area - ---

The throat - --

The tongue - -----

The lips - -

The Nasal - 34


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Sifaat al Haroof

1. Sifaats with opposites

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SIFAATAL HAROOF THECHARACTERISTIC OF EACH LETTER.

Sifaat means description, characteristic attribute or quality.

Purpose : To make sure each letter is recited correctly.

And to differentiate between letters that have the samemakhrij like and - and

When a letter emerges from the correct makhrij and itssifaat are observed, the accurate pronunciation is obtained.

Sifats are divided into two sections.

1. Sifaats with opposites

2. Sifaats without opposites36


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SIFATS WITH OPPOSITES

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As-Sifaat : Attributeof letters

-

Strength -

WeaknessLetters of

moderation

FluencyRestraint

ClosingOpening

-

Whispering - Audibility

-

ElevationLowness

1

25

4

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WHISPERING -

AUDIBILITY-

AudibilityYou stop theflow of breath upon

pronouncing the letterthisgives the letter strength in its

application.

The remaining 19 letters areunder this Sifaat of Jahar

It is a slight continuation of thebreath upon pronunciation of theletter when it carries sukoon.

When the letter is muttaharrika itdoesnt have hams.

and carry no hams withoutsakoon.

always has Hams whether

vowelled or not

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STRENGTH -MODERATION -WEAKNESS -

Weaknessthis is aflow of sound during

pronunciation.

It includes all theletters, excluding thoseof shida and tawasut

e.g.

These are letters ofmoderation found

between Siddah andRikhawa. The soundemerges but does not

flow.

This is a strength orforce, it is found whenyou trap the flow of sound in the makhrij.

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ELEVATION -LOWNESS -

Al Iistifaal This the oppositeof Al Istia`la, the back of the

tongue is lowered movingaway from the upper palate.

The rest of the letters havethis quality.

E.G

Al Istia`la is the elevation(rasing) of the back of thetongue to the upper palateupon pronouncing the lettersbelow.

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CLOSING -OPENING

Opening : The lettersof infitah are

characterised by theopening between theback of the tongue

and the upper palate.

The remaining letters carrythis characteristic. E.G

Closing :Onarticulation of the

letters of Itbaaq thereis contact between

the back of thetongue and the upper

palate.

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FLUENCY-RESTRAINT

THIS FINAL PAIR IS NOT INCLUDED IN TAJWEEDS STUDIES BUT IS MENTIONED ONLY FOR THE SAKE OF COMPLETING THEDESCRIPTIVE QUALITIES.

Restraint: This is theemergence of the otherletters from inside the

mouth and throat.

The remaining letterscarry this characteristic.

Fluency : the easy flowingof the letters, from the tipof the tongue and lips.

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Sifaat al Haroof

2. Sifaats without opposites

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SIFAATS WITHOUT OPPOSITES

Sifaatswithoutopposites

-Whistling Vibration

Ease (to make easy)

Leaning (to lean)Repeating (to

repeat)

Diffusion (spreading)Elongation (to

make long)

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WHISTLING -

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It is a sound emergingbetween the tip of the

tongue and the uppercentral incisors which

sounds like a bird

This quality is found in in 3 letters

- E.g.Note: With it is more of a buzzing

sound


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VIBRATION - -

The Characteristics of Qalqala are always mentioned separately in all Tajweedbooks.

Literally Qalqalah means movement, shaking or unrest.

In Tajweed terminology it means the movement or vibration of the makhrijwith the pronunciation of one of the letters of qalqalah when it is

accompanied by a sukoon.

It is caused bya sudden release of the flow of sound after its having beentrapped under pressure in the makhri, this produces an additional sound which

gives emphasis and clarity to the letter.This movement occurs quickly 46


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VIBRATION - -

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This quality is known asVibration or Unrestitoccurs when any of the 5letters mentioned beloware accompanied by a

sukoon.

This occurs when these 5 letterscarry sakoon -

An easy to remember these letters


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VIBRATION - -

To practise the Qalqalah one should read the following Surats :Al Burug . At- Tariq, Al Adiyat, AlMasad and Al Falaq.

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STRONG ECHO

If any of the 5 lettersappear with a Shaddah andat the end of the sentencethen the stronger Qalqala

occurs

WEAK ECHO

If any of the 5 lettersappear with a sakoon thena light vibration takes place


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EASE - &

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Linguistically it means to Emit theletter from its articulation point

with ease without effort from thetongue.

This quality is found in 2 letters and

When or have sakoon - and preceededby fatha - this is called Yaa and Wow Leenand has to be held for 2 counts.

E.g.

Note: This is different to Yaa and WowMaad


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INCLINATION - LEANING - - &

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This is know asinclination or the leaning

of a letter to anothermakhrij.

This is the characteristic ofand - the leans towardthe tip of the tongue whilstthe leans back toward the

Makhrij of


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REPETITION REPEATING

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This is the natural tendency to

roll or vibrate the tonguewhen pronouncing the letter

.

Correct pronunciationrequires the prevention oravoidance of this quality

this can be done bycontrolling the tongue and

not relaxing it.


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SPREADING - DIFFUSION - -

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Diffusion is the spreadingof air throughout the

mouth duringpronunciation

The quality of Sheen


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ELONGATION - LENGTHENING -

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This sifat means to legthenthe extension of sound overthe entire edge of the tongueform the front to the back.

This is a quality found in theletter and is most notiablewhen it is accompanied by asukoon, as in the words


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HAMZATUL WASAL & HAMZATUL QATAH

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Hamzatul Qatah

This is a regular consonant which is written either alone ( )or with a suport lettera form which has no function inpronunciation ( ) This Hamza must always bepronounced.

Hamzatul Wasal

The second type is a means for connecting certain words it occurs only at thebeginning of a word. It comes in the form of an alif ( ). The Hamza isdropped when serving its connecting function during recitation and ispronounced only when beginning a new sentence or phrase.

For example, note the difference in pronunciation of the divine name whenbeginning ( ) and when connected with a precedingword ( )


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End of Section 1

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ahkaam al-tajweed by umm-e-khalid

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