agriculture - saskatchewanpublications.gov.sk.ca/documents/20/90382-cpn no 1 - june 9 2015.pdf ·...
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CROP PRODUCTION NEWS #1 - JUNE 9, 2015
Assessing Crop Damage After Spring FrostsScout fields often after a spring frost to assess the extent of any damage to the crop.
Frost damage occurs as moisture within the plant crystallizes and expands. This causes cell walls to rupture and fluid toleak out, hence the watery appearance of plant tissue after a damaging frost. The extent of crop damage caused by frostdepends on the crop, temperature, length of exposure time, humidity levels and how long the crop takes to reach freezingtemperature.
Canola: Newly emerged canola at the cotyledon stage can be very susceptible to spring frosts. The growing point is aboveground between the cotyledons. Plants at the three- to four-leaf stage are much more tolerant and can withstand a couplemore degrees of frost. Typically, canola can tolerate temperatures down to -4 C. Hardened plants can toleratetemperatures down to -7 C and possibly colder.
A light frost that burns the leaves may not injure the growing point. If there is regrowth or green material at the growingpoint then the plants could recover (Figure 1). It will take a few days to really assess the damage. Within the field, there canbe damaged and undamaged plants close together (Figure 2). To determine the viability of the damaged seedlings thegrowing point needs to be green and viable and the stem healthy. Severely damaged plants will pinch off at the top of thestem and the whole seedling will brown off (Figure 3).
Figure 1: Canola seedling withnew green growth at the growing
point
Figure 2: Canola seedlings in the field, bothdamaged and undamaged plants
Figure 3: Canola seedlings that havebrowned off from frost
Cereals: The growing point of cereals is below ground until approximately the five-leaf or jointing stage. This protects theplant from severe frost injury in the spring. The plants may lose above ground leaf matter but will regrow from belowground. Partial injury can be visible when the tips of leaves or leaf edges become damaged, yellow and then turn brownand become brittle. Severe injury to cereals where all above ground matter is damaged can result in a delay in maturitydue to the plant having to regrow. Cereals have good frost tolerance and will tolerate frosts down to -4 C and if hardenedcan withstand -6 C.
Flax: Flax is quite sensitive to frost when it is coming out of the ground. Temperatures of -2 C or colder can injure flax up tothe two-leaf stage. Frost canker occurs when plants become girdled at or near the soil line, and topple over. Damage ismost severe in thin stands on light soils and in low spots, and during early stages of growth can reduce stands by as muchas 50 per cent. As flax grows it becomes more tolerant to frost. After the two-leaf stage, flax can withstand temperaturesdown to -7 C and even slightly lower if the plants have been hardened.
Peas/lentils: Peas and lentils have good frost tolerance. They have growing points (bracts) which remain below groundduring early development. The above ground material may be severely injured by frost but new growth will resume fromthe nodes within a few days.
Spraying after frost: As herbicides work best when crops and weeds are actively growing, spraying immediately after afrost should be avoided. Wait at least 24 hours or preferably 48 hours after heavy frost to allow the weeds and crop torecover. The crop needs to be actively growing to prevent injury from the herbicide and the weeds need to be growing sothe herbicide can work.
Weed tolerance to frost will also determine how soon herbicides can be applied. The more tolerant the weeds are to frost,the sooner they can be sprayed. Winter annuals and dandelions have good frost tolerance. Other perennials such asquackgrass and foxtail barley are less tolerant while Canada thistle and perennial sow thistle are the most sensitiveperennial weeds.
Regardless of the product being used or the weed spectrum to control, it is always important to read the label carefullybefore spraying.
SUMMARY
Frost is very hard to predict in terms of damage potential in the crop as there are so many factors that affect the tolerance.Evaluating the damage is difficult and should be done approximately 24 to 48 hours after the frost for initial symptoms andup to a week to ten days for full extent of damage. Heavily damaged crops will quickly show signs of frost injury includingdiscoloration, darkening, and water-soaked appearance of fleshy tissue.
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CROP PRODUCTION NEWS #1 - JUNE 9, 2015
Continue using starter phosphate when seeding in early JuneBy: Ken Panchuk, PAg, Provincial Specialist Soils
In general, starter phosphate is important for early, healthy root growth and seedling vigor. It helps the plant cope withvarious stresses such as: the cold and wet soils experienced earlier this spring, and the drier conditions experienced inlate May and into June. The starter phosphate also helps the seedlings recover from early spring frost and cold weatherlike we experienced throughout May. The starter phosphate needs to be banded with or very near the seed, at safe rates,to be accessed by the first seedling roots to optimize the ‘starter effect' or ‘pop-up effect'. Phosphorus is a vital nutrient forevery cell in a plant and its primary function is converting the sun's energy as part of the photosynthesis process.
Starter phosphate (left) and no starter phosphate (right) seeded into cold soil conditions.
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CROP PRODUCTION NEWS #1 - JUNE 9, 2015
Crop Protection Laboratory NewsBy: Cecilia Peluola, PAg, Supervisor, Crop Protection Laboratory
Herbicide resistance testing has been keeping us busy since the start of the year and testing is now wrapping up. InJanuary a new Group 1 herbicide (Clethodim) was added to our herbicide resistance testing at the Crop ProtectionLaboratory (CPL) and we are in the process of adding another Group 1 (Pinoxaden) herbicide.
The most common samples submitted to the lab during the transition from spring to summer are weed seedlings for plantidentification, as well as disease/disorder samples like greenhouse crops, evergreen trees and some woody ornamentals.
Dutch elm disease (DED) samples were submitted earlier than last year. However, the DED samples submitted did notmeet the requirements for testing because the twigs were too thin (Figure 1) and elm tree bark (Figure 2) is not suitable fortesting. For information on selecting proper samples for DED testing, please refer to our websitehttp://agriculture.gov.sk.ca/dutch-elm-disease-testing.
Disorders due to environmental effects was the primary diagnosis on samples submitted within the last month. Inparticular, the browning of needles and needle drop (Figure 3) of evergreen spruce was a common diagnosis. A recentlysubmitted weed sample was identified as Chicory (Cichorium intybus), and an insect sample was identified as a larderbeetle (Dermestes lardarius).
Figure 1: Poor DED sample- twigs froman elm tree which are too thin
Figure 2: Poor DED sample- elm bark Figure 3: Browning of needles andneedle loss on an evergreen sample
due to environmental damage
Staff Updates:
Margaret (Maggi) Bruce, our Plant Health Technician has returned from maternity leave.
Alicia Mah, our DED technician is also a returning summer student. She was our administrative summer technician in2014.
Bijaya (Biju) Aryal also returned this year as our administrative summer technician. She previously worked with us as aplant health technician.
We welcome them and look forward to a successful summer cropping season.
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CROP PRODUCTION NEWS #1 - JUNE 9, 2015
Developments in Herbicides for Leafy Spurge ControlBy: Clark Brenzil, PAg., Provincial Specialist Weed Control
For decades, Tordon 22K was the standard in herbicides to control leafy spurge in range and pasture as well as industrialareas with permanent grass cover, such as roadsides, and rail and utility rights-of-way. Picloram, the active ingredient inTordon 22K, and other products such as Tordon 101, Tordon 202 - (Historical) Grazon XC (new), and Aspect (new), wasrecently re-evaluated by the Pest Management Regulatory Agency of Health Canada. In the wake of that re-evaluation, thebroad-acre rate of Tordon 22K was reduce by 50 per cent to 1.8 L per acre due to concerns over picloram's persistence insoils and the risk of movement (both vertical and horizontal) away from the point of application. The original 3.6 L per acrerate is still available for spot treatment of up to 50% of each hectare of land. This means that retreatment with Tordon 22Kor other herbicides would be required more frequently to manage plants emerging from seed.
Over the last five years, there have been several new developments in herbicides for leafy spurge control. New activeingredients like diflufenzopyr in OverDrive and aminocyclopyrachlor in Truvist and Navius VM are examples of newherbicides finding a place in the control of leafy spurge.
The most exciting development was the production and introduction in 2014 of aminocyclopyrachlor by E. I. DupontCanada. Aminocyclopyrachlor, also known by its development code name MAT28, is a Group 4 herbicide in the pyridinecarboxylic acid (PCA) sub group. PCAs also include herbicides such as picloram (Tordon, Grazon, Aspect), aminopyralid(Restore, Milestone, etc.), clopyralid (Lontrel, Curtail M, etc.), tryclopyr (Remedy, Garlon, Fenceline, etc.) and fluroxypyr(Attain, OcTTain, Trophy, etc.). Aminocyclopyrachlor has activity on a wide range of important broadleaf invasive plants,including control of leafy spurge on par with Tordon 22K. In addition to a wide range of weeds, aminocyclopyrachlor waspromoted as having a better environmental profile than picloram. While aminocyclopyrachlor has a low binding coefficientlike picloram, its shorter half-life means a lower risk of leaching.
Aminocyclopyrachlor was sold in 2014 under the trade names of Truvist and Navius VM in the industrial vegetationmanagement (IVM) markets. Truvist is a combination of aminocyclopyrachlor and chlorsulfuron (also known as Glean orTelar) and Navius VM is a combination of aminocyclopyrachlor and metsulfuron (also sold as Ally or Escort). In addition tothe Truvist and Navius VM products there was the promise of a range and pasture (R&P) product under the proposedname of Rejuvra XL. Rejuvra XL was also to be a combination with metsulfuron, but with a lower concentration of theaminocyclopyrachlor component. While Rejuvra XL did receive registration for use in Canada, a regulatory oversightmeant that tolerances were not established in the U.S. for residues of aminocyclopyrachlor in meat products or forage tobe fed to livestock in the U.S. Therefore the release of Rejuvra XL was delayed until this could be resolved.
Leafy spurge is a deep rooted persistent perennial weed that is difficult to control.
In December 2014, E.I. Dupont, in both the U.S. and Canada, sold its IVM and R&P products to Bayer CropScience. Bayerhad recently introduced its new industrial non-selective soil active herbicide indaziflam under the trade name Esplanadefor IVM and Alion for around fruit trees. Esplanade was Bayer's only industrial vegetation management herbicide, but withthe acquisition of the DuPont products, Bayer formed Bayer Environmental Sciences or Bayer ES division(http://www.bayeres.ca/). The products transferred to Bayer ES from Dupont were Truvist, Navius VM, Escort (metsulfuron),Telar (chlorsulfuron) and the non-selective soil active herbicides Hyvar XL (bromacil) and Krovar (diuron + bromacil).Unfortunately Rejuvra XL was not included in the transfer and the label for Rejuvra XL has now been cancelled. Bayer EShave indicated that two options are a possibility; to add R&P uses to the Navius VM label, or to develop and registeranother product tailored to the R&P use pattern. In any case, a timeline on this process could run a minimum of 18 months.
OverDrive is another product registered for IVM and R&P uses in western Canada. It is a formulation of dicamba andanother unique active ingredient diflufenzopyr. Diflufenzopyr is a Group 19, or an auxin transport inhibitor, herbicide.Group 19 herbicides prevent the movement of both natural occurring indole acetic acid (IAA) as well as synthetic auxinherbicides like dicamba and herbicides in the pyridine carboxylic acid family. Preventing the movement of natural auxinfrom the apical meristems (growing points), deregulates organized growth resulting in epinasty (cupping, curling,puckering) of new tissue growth, somewhat similar to Group 4 herbicides. Dyflufenzopyr when combined with Group 4herbicides such as dicamba, which it is formulated with, acts as a synergist, allowing roughly the same activity from halfthe amount of dicamba. Research in the USA has also shown it has a similar effect on other Group 4 herbicides such aspicloram, and others.
OverDrive is labelled for top growth suppression of leafy spurge. Because of the increase in Group 4 herbicide activity witha reduced amount of dicamba, and the short soil persistence of dyflufenzopyr, OverDrive is lower risk than other Group 4herbicides for use in sensitive areas such as near trees or areas with sandy soils. OverDrive may also be effective in multi-year application approaches for gradual reduction of leafy spurge stands, as indicated in the North Dakota StateUniversity's factsheet W-765 on Leafy Spurge Identification and Chemical Control.
This expansion in herbicide offerings for leafy spurge control also comes with a significant cost reduction. Tordon 22K sellsfor between $45 and $60 per L of product depending on the retailer. The application rate is 1.8 L per acre for broadacreapplications and 3.6 L per acre for spot applications for a cost of $81 to $108 per acre or $162 to > $200 per acrerespectively. The leafy spurge rates for Truvist and Navius VM run in the $45 per acre range with required adjuvant costfactored in. This represents a major reduction in the cost of herbicide costs to give control of established leafy spurgeplants. OverDrive is priced at roughly $10 to $12 per acre including a required adjuvant.
Control of leafy spurge has become more economical and more effective due to an increase in the availability of herbicide
choices. Now that we're well-equipped, we can take action!
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Photo 1: Beekeepers performing spring maintenancein a bee yard.
Photo 2: Honey bee pollinating apple flower
CROP PRODUCTION NEWS #1 - JUNE 9, 2015
Honey Bees in Saskatchewan: The state of Saskatchewan’sBeekeeping Industry
By: Geoff Wilson, PAg, Provincial Specialist, Apiculture
Although official reports are not yet available, early indications showhoney bees are off to a strong start in Saskatchewan for 2015. Thecombination of a milder winter with warm breaks, and good bee health inthe fall of 2014 has resulted in a lower than average winter mortality andvery strong colonies when compared to the previous five years. Earlyresults indicate that the mortality rate will likely fall between 10 and 15per cent. This is substantially better than the 19 to 27 per cent mortalityexperienced over the previous five years. Lower winter mortality andstrong colonies during the spring will allow beekeepers to make newcolonies, operate more productive larger colonies and increase theavailability of bees for new beekeepers.
Low honey bee winter mortality is beneficial for many other agricultural producers, particularly those that rely on bees forpollination. Bees are very important to horticulture. Saskatchewan's fruit and vegetable growers are reliant on theseinsects for increasing both the quantity and quality of their produce. Cherries, apples, haskap, squash, zucchini,raspberries, and strawberries are just some of the horticulture crops benefiting from bee pollination.
In Saskatchewan's field crop production, the bee's primary benefit will bepollination of canola. While canola is primarily self-fertile, crosspollination by insects can increase yield by up to 20 per cent in optimalconditions. In typical Saskatchewan agriculture conditions, bees onlyincrease productivity by five to 10 per cent when near a commercialbeekeepers bee yards. This reduced estimate of benefit from pollinationis primarily because beekeepers are placing bees for honey production. To maximize honey production, beekeepers place fewer bees in alocation than the optimal pollination stocking density of colonies. Othersmall acreage crops like fava beans, borage, and clover seed will alsosee a large yield increase from adequate pollination.
Bees provide a great benefit to Saskatchewan's agriculture systems. Asan agricultural producer it is important to take steps that reduce theimpact on honey bees:
Practice Integrated Pest Management (Use economic thresholdsfor spray decisions, and know the restrictions on the insecticide to be used);Know where beehives are located so that you can make informed treatment decisions - talk to the local beekeepers,or use DriftWatchTM https://sk.driftwatch.org/map to identify bee yard locations;Treat while the bees are not typically foraging - this is often in the evening after 8 p.m. or morning before 8 a.m.; andMinimize drift through proper equipment and monitoring conditions.
Further information on protecting bees and other beneficials can be found on the Pest Management Regulatory Agency'sweb site http://hc-sc.gc.ca/cps-spc/pubs/pest/_fact-fiche/pollinator-protection-pollinisateurs/practices-pratiques-eng.php
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Photo 1: Bristly Cutworm, a common cutwormsubmitted to the cutworm project from Saskatchewanfields
Photo 2: Striped flea beetles
CROP PRODUCTION NEWS #1 - JUNE 9, 2015
Insect UpdateBy: Scott Hartley, PAg, Provincial Specialist, Insect/Vertebrate PestManagement
Several insect pests have already been reported in seedling crops thisspring. An early spring that has been both warm and dry providedfavourable conditions for the early development of various insects likeflea beetles.
Cutworms were reported in mid to late May in a number of fields andvarious crops, notably in lentil and pea in southwest Saskatchewan, inlentil in the Elbow area and in flax in the Rosetown area. Bristlycutworms were another species noted in the northeast this past week. Aspart of the recent cutworm project, bristly cutworms were commonsubmissions found in Saskatchewan fields. There are several species ofcutworms found in Saskatchewan. The ones that overwinter as larvae(e.g. dingy cutworm) usually complete the immature stage of their lifecycle by about mid-June. Other species overwinter as eggs (e.g. palewestern cutworm) and tend to be smaller at this time since they start fromthe egg stage in the spring. These species usually commence pupation near the end of June. As with most insects, it isthe later immature stages that are larger and more capable of causing significant damage. It will still be important toinclude cutworms in scouting endeavors in June.
You can control cutworm using a foliar insecticide spray. When the cutworms come to the surface to feed they will come incontact with the insecticide. It is recommended to apply the insecticide later in the day. There may also be some contactwith the cutworms directly if they are species that feed above ground in the evening. If using a synthetic pyrethroidinsecticide it is best to avoid high temperatures (generally greater than 25 degrees C). Refer to the 2015 Guide to CropProtection for insecticides registered for cutworm control in specific crops.
High populations of flea beetles were reported in canola and mustardcrops in late May and continue to be reported across the Prairies. Ineastern Saskatchewan anecdotal reports suggest it is mostly striped fleabeetles. Flea beetles are more active with higher temperatures. Undercooler conditions flea beetles may not be as active but feeding wasnoted on the underside of cotyledons and stems in early May. There wasa report in the last week of May of intense striped flea beetle feeding ona canola crop in the Indian Head area, still in cotyledon stage andsubstantial acres affected. Apparently there was plenty of stem girdlingthat can be very damaging for a seedling crop.
In instances where canola was seeded in early May with slow growingconditions, seed treatments may no longer be efficacious and foliarsprays may be required. Other factors that have complicated controldecisions include frost, wind combined with a dry soil surface, and insome cases crusting. Note that flea beetle damage will be evident aschewing with tissue removed. Stem pinching with no chew marks could be a result of other issues, for example soilcrusting or disease.
If a foliar spray is planned keep in mind that flea beetles may be concealed in cracks in the soil or vegetative debris. Themode of action is primarily contact for foliar insecticides registered for flea beetles, and there is some advantage if it iswarm enough for flea beetle activity. However keep in mind any recommendations associated with the insecticides. Aspreviously noted temperatures above 25 C can reduce efficacy in the case of synthetic pyrethroid insecticides. (e.g.Matador / Silencer; Pounce / Perm-UP / Ambush; Decis; Ripcord / Up-Cyde). Malathion tends to work better attemperatures above 20 C. There are no recommended economic thresholds related to stem feeding but a 25 per centstand reduction threshold may be a reasonable level to consider control with a foliar insecticide.
Photo 3: Pea leaf weevil feedingnotches on pea plant
Diamondback moths - Wind trajectory data from Environment Canada is being monitored by Agriculture and Agri-FoodCanada (AAFC). There were several favourable trajectories from the southern United States and northern Mexico thisspring starting about mid-April. Cooperators with pheromone traps provide on the ground monitoring for diamondbackmoths. Numbers in the traps have not been high so far. Areas surrounding Yorkton (84 moths) and Weyburn (69 moths)have had the highest cumulative counts to date. Although not at high levels, it would be prudent to watch for diamondbackmoth larvae feeding on young canola plants that cannot tolerate a lot of feeding.
Pea leaf weevil damage has been noted in southwest Saskatchewan. The 2015survey has just been completed, based on feeding notches on pea plants. Fababean crops can also be hosts for the pea leaf weevil but in the current area affectedpeas are more common. The damage has been variable. In some cases thedamage is estimated to be lower than the past couple years but there are also somefields with significant feeding notches on the pea plants. Seed treatments are themost effective control for the weevil. Although foliar insecticides are registered forthe pea leaf weevil, research has indicated the results are inconsistent with respectto yield benefits. If considering a foliar spray the economic threshold is one notch onthe clam leaves per three plants prior to the sixth node stage of crop growth.Research has also shown that higher nitrogen levels in the soil will alleviatedamage to the plant from larval feeding on the root nodules.
Grasshoppers are another insect pest that are favoured by the spring conditions of2015. Although the 2015 grasshopper forecast indicates low risk for much ofSaskatchewan, the extended fall provided ample time for egg-laying. Agrasshopper egg survey conducted by AAFC (Saskatoon) in the fall of 2014 foundeggs in many areas of the province suggesting the potential for a significantincrease in grasshopper populations if climatic conditions continue to be conducivefor development. AAFC estimates through their bio-climatic model that by the firstweek of June approximately five per cent of the grasshoppers have hatched. Therewas a report of an early hatch of grasshoppers in the Mendham area in late May. Grasshoppers will be important tomonitor in the next couple of weeks especially in the southwest and west central regions.
Richardson's ground squirrels a.k.a. "gophers" have not thrived over the past wetter years. However there have beenreports of increased numbers. Baiting has not been shown to be a viable control option for control at this time of year.Research with all of the baits registered for Richardson's ground squirrels has shown efficacy is greatly reduced when therodents have the option for fresh green plants.
RELATED LINKSGuide to Crop ProtectionGuide to Crop Protection provides information on the use of herbicides, fungicides and insecticides for control ofweeds, plant diseases and insects.
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CROP PRODUCTION NEWS #1 - JUNE 9, 2015
June is time to reassess crop nitrogen needsBy: Ken Panchuk, PAg, Provincial Specialist Soils
Early June is a good time to reassess your crop nitrogen needs. Generally, nutrient recommendations based on soiltesting are adequate for most growing seasons but there are times when a top-up of nitrogen may be needed:
1. If growing season conditions have improved since seeding and the crop is in need of more nitrogen to achieve thepotential realistic target yield and/or protein level, then top-up nitrogen may be required.
2. If higher than normal losses of nitrogen applied last fall or this spring are suspected, and/or the crop is starting toshow symptoms of nitrogen deficiency, a top-up may be required.
Reviewing the soil test information, tissue testing, field scouting for nitrogen deficiency symptoms and a handheldGreenseeker may be used to compare areas within a field to aid in determining whether more nitrogen is needed. Also,get additional help, if needed, from your area agronomist or Agrologist.
The most common symptoms of nitrogen deficiency are the yellowing of the older leaves and/or pale green leaves, butkeep in mind there are other causes of these symptoms.
Earlier application of top-up nitrogen helps recover yield better than applications made at later crop stages. The rate ofnitrogen needs to be high enough to increase yield or protein. Also, keep an eye on the long-term weather forecast to helpdetermine if top-up nitrogen will be effective.
Liquid nitrogen has the best fit for in-crop dribble banding using drop tubes or split nozzles. If rainfall is not expectedshortly after application, then consider using a urease inhibitor that helps reduce volatilization loss while waiting for a rainto move the nitrogen into the soil.
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Treating seed.
Treated seed.
CROP PRODUCTION NEWS #1 - JUNE 9, 2015
Leftovers in the seed tank – what to do with excess treated seedBy: Mitchell Japp, PAg, Provincial Specialist, Cereals and Rich Wilkins, PAg,Pesticide Regulatory Specialist
Triple rinsed pesticide containers can go back to the depot. Grain bags can berecycled. But what should be done with left-over treated seed?
Determining the correct amount of seed to treat reduces the amount left over at theend of seeding. Over treating is an expense, but there are many reasons that havinga little bit extra seed makes sense.
Treated seed is a hazardous product, so disposal guidelines are designed to protectanimals and the environment. Burying or dumping the treated seed at the edge of aslough or in a bush somewhere is ineffective and a violation of the Pest ControlProducts Regulations, 1995. In the past this type of activity has resulted in the deathof both livestock and deer that fed on the treated seed.
Some seed dealers may accept seed of a known variety and treatment if it is in orwith the original packaging. But in many cases, treated seed will not be accepted forreturn.
The simplest and preferred method of disposal is to seed it out. On the last fieldbefore a seed change, keep seeding until the tank is empty. Seed treatments needsoil contact to break down, so running the seed on top of the ground does not work. Some seed treatment labels may notallow this option, but it could be seeded on a fallow field and then sprayed out.
Storage may also be an option. Check with the manufacturer to see if they support the carryover of their products and forhow long. Germination decreases over time for all seed and this occurs earlier for poor quality seed, diseased seed andsee stored in poor conditions. Treated seed intended for carryover should be stored in a properly sealed hopper bottombin, ideally with smooth walls. Transfer equipment should be checked to ensure no contaminants are added that mayencourage spoilage. Prior to seeding, properly probe the bin and get germination, vigour and disease control tested.
Small amounts can be buried, but because soil contact is required for breakdown,the amount should be less than five litres. The top of the pile should be at least 30cm below the soil surface. The burial location should be a reasonable distance fromany water sources and inaccessible to people, pets, livestock and wildlife.
For larger amounts, landfills are rarely an option. Many landfills will not handletreated seed because of potential wildlife poisoning or environmentalcontamination.
The final option is to hire a waste management firm to collect and dispose of thetreated seed. There will be a fee for this service. Some hazardous waste facilitiesinclude:
http://www.cleanharbors.com/http://www.tervita.com/locationshttp://envirotec.ca/
For more information:
http://seedgrowers.ca/wp-content/uploads/Guide-to-Treated-Seed-Stewardship_Eng2015.pdf
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CROP PRODUCTION NEWS #1 - JUNE 9, 2015
Meet the Irrigation Team located at the Outlook Regional OfficeThe Ministry of Agriculture Outlook Regional Office is home to Agrologists and Engineers who provide irrigation serviceswith the Crops and Irrigation Branch. The unit supports irrigation development and provides advice to the irrigationdistricts. The engineering section ensures the irrigation infrastructure is sustainable and properly maintained. Theagronomy group conducts research and demonstrations to enhance grower returns.
Jason Drury, PEng Manager of Irr igationJason completed a Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering. He grew up in Outlook and hasexperienced the dramatic impact of irrigation development on the economy of a community.
Jason Drury, PEngPh: 306-867-5518
Kelly Farden, PAg Manager of Agronomic ServicesKelly has a Master of Science in Agriculture from the University of Saskatchewan. During his 8 yearswith the Ministry, he has assessed over 100,000 acres in Saskatchewan for irrigation suitability.
Kelly Farden, PAgPh: 306-867-5507
Gary Kruger, PAg,CCA Irr igation AgrologistGary completed a Master of Science degree in Soils from the University of Saskatchewan Most ofhis work experience has dealt with soil fertility issues.
Gary Kruger, PAg. CCAPh: 306-867-5524
Joel Peru, AAg Irr igation AgrologistJoel has a Bachelor of Science degree in Agronomy from the University of Saskatchewan. Joel is working with new cropsidentifying their niche for irrigated production.
Joel Peru, AAg Ph: 306-867-5528 [email protected]
Jeff Ewen, PAg Term Irr igation AgrologistJeff graduated from the University of Saskatchewan with a Bachelor of Science degree inAgronomy. He has worked in the seed industry and has a passion for irrigated agriculture withspecial interest in dry bean production.
Jeff Ewen, PAgPh: 306-867-5512
Cara Drury, PAg Irr igation TechnologistCara graduated from the University of Saskatchewan with a BSc in Soil Science. She coordinatesthe soil investigations and mapping for irrigation certifications.
Cara Drury, PAgPh: 306-867-5517
Darren Clay, Irr igation TechnologistDarren studied Integrated Resource Management at SIAST and works as a technician with theIrrigation Certification Process.
Darren Clay306-867-5522
Stan Ylioja, PEng Manager of Engineering ServicesStan graduated from the University of Saskatchewan with a Bachelor Science in AgriculturalEngineering. He worked with Case New Holland in Saskatoon prior to joining the Irrigation group atOutlook.
Stan Ylioja, P EngPh: 306-867-5505
Randy Holmlund, Cert. Tech. Senior Irr igation Technologist
Randy has worked the majority of his career with irrigation and has enjoyed assisting thedevelopment of the water resource in the South Saskatchewan River.
Randy Holmlund, Cert.Tech.Ph: 306-867-5510
Ryan Husband, EIT Irr igation EngineerRyan graduated from the University of Regina with a Bachelor of Engineering in EnvironmentalSystems degree. He joined the Ministry of Agriculture in 2013 working with rehabilitation projects forthe irrigation infrastructure.
Ryan Husband, EIT306-867-5516
Kevin Schmidt, EIT Irr igation EngineerKevin graduated from the University of Saskatchewan with a Bachelor of Civil Engineering. Hejoined the Ministry of Agriculture in 2013 leading the SIMMS project (Saskatchewan IrrigationInfrastructure Management System).
Kevin Schmidt, EIT306-867-5509
Ed Loewen, AScT Irr igation TechnologistEd graduated from SIAST with a diploma in Water Resources Engineering. Ed has worked for tenyears with soil investigations and proper design of irrigation system installations.
Ed Loewen, AScT306-867-5525
Taylor Hanes, Eng. Tech. Irr igation TechnologistTaylor graduated from Algonquin College with a diploma in Civil Engineering Technology andprovides technical services related to the development and installation of new irrigation systems. Heloves to play his guitar.
Taylor Hanes306-867-5557
Home / About Agriculture / Information Services / Crop Production News / Crop Production News #1 - June 9, 2015 / Meet the Irrigation Team located at
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Stripe rust may overwinter on winter wheatafter a mild winter, or may appear afterspores blow in from infected wheat in thePacific Northwest or central Midwestregions of the US.
CROP PRODUCTION NEWS #1 - JUNE 9, 2015
Staying one step ahead of cereal killers this summerBy: Faye Dokken-Bouchard, PAg, Provincial Specialist, Plant Disease
Producers in Saskatchewan should be on alert for wheat rusts this growingseason. This means actively scouting winter wheat and susceptible spring wheatvarieties for rust symptoms. Stripe rust can be identified by the elongated yellow-orange pustules that often extend the entire length of the leaf blade and parallel tothe leaf veins. In past years, it has been reported primarily in the southwest andsouth-central areas of Saskatchewan, whereas stem and leaf rusts of wheat tendto occur in the southeastern regions of the province. This year, stripe rust wasreported to be prevalent and widespread in the United States, especially inKansas and Nebraska, whereas leaf rusts initially were lower but ramped up inTexas and Oklahoma as their growing season progressed.
Rusts require a living host and tend to spread from winter wheat to spring wheatand back to winter wheat across the "green bridge" (both crops must be green forthe disease to spread). Harsh winters often (but not always) stop the diseasecycle here in Saskatchewan, but the pathogen can overwinter in the southern United States and northern Mexico, PacificNorthwest (PNW) and California, and then blow back into our crops through northward movement of wind currents. Rustspores typically arrive in mid to late June from this route.
According to Kelly Turkington's "Cereal Rust / Wind Trajectory Update," the spread of cereal rusts into western Canadafrom locations in the USA will depend on the following factors:
Disease severity and pathotypes at the point of origin;
Release and turbulent transfer of spores into upper atmosphere air parcels;
Movement and direction of air parcels;
Spore survival during long distance transport;
Deposition of spores over at risk locations in western Canada;
Crop growth stage for at risk locations; and
Prevailing weather conditions for at risk locations.
Throughout May, the risk of stripe rust from the PNW was low, and the risk of stripe and leaf rust from the central Midwestregions of the United States was low to moderate. While the risks are specific to certain locations, scouting is not a badidea for all cereal producers, even for varieties rated moderately resistant or good, as pathogen populations andresistance may change over time. Radiant winter wheat is no longer resistant to stripe rust, but Moats and Emerson arestill moderately resistant. However, the gene that provides resistance in Moats and Emerson is reported to be moreeffective at warmer temperatures. A fungicide can provide control of rust at the appropriate growth stage if the disease ispresent at economic thresholds. One plant per square metre with stripe rust symptoms may be enough to generate aneconomic return from fungicide application.
Concerned about fusarium head blight? Stay tuned for the next issue of Crop Production News for information on a newtool for FHB forecasting that will be available to Saskatchewan producers this season.
Fusarium Head Blight Disease Cycle
Home / About Agriculture / Information Services / Crop Production News / Crop Production News #1 - June 9, 2015 / Staying one step ahead of cerealkillers this summer
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Wild parsnip belongs to theUmbelliferae or carrot family. Othermembers of this family are garden dill,hemlock, and carrots.
CROP PRODUCTION NEWS #1 - JUNE 9, 2015
Wild Parsnip – A Growing InvasiveBy: Sherri Roberts, AAg, Regional Crops Specialist
During its first year of growth, wild parsnip will form a rosette of leaves. Flowering willoccur anywhere from the second to fourth year depending on growing conditions.Once the plant flowers, it dies. A plant with this type of life cycle is called amonocarpic perennial.
There are chemicals found in wild parsnip and other members of this family knownas furocoumarins that cause what dermatologists call ‘phyto-photo-dermatitis'; aninflammation (itis) of the skin (derm) induced by a plant (phyto) with the help ofsunlight (photo). When absorbed by skin, furocoumarins are energized by ultravioletlight (present during sunny and cloudy days) causing them to bind with nuclear DNAand cell membranes. This process destroys cells and skin tissue, though the reactiontakes time to produce visible damage. The damage is usually visible within 24 to 48hours after exposure. It can be as simple as a sunburn to as severe as majorblistering that results in dark red or brownish scars that remain in the burned areasfor several months to years. Animals can also get parsnip burns if they have minimalhair and lightly pigmented skin, characteristics that allow the chemical and sunlightto reach the skin.
Wild parsnip also reduces the quality and saleability of agricultural forage crops suchas hay, oats and alfalfa.
Due to these unpleasant characteristics, wild parsnip carries the provincialdesignation of a Schedule II noxious weed. This designation means control measures must be done to contain the weedsspread if it is on your property.
Telling wild parsnip apart from water hemlock, Queen Anne's lace and giant hogweed is relatively easy if the plant isblooming. Wild parsnip has yellow flowers while the others have white. At last count, wild parsnip was present in all ofCanada's provinces and territories except for Nunavut.
For more information, please go to: http://www.saskinvasives.ca/ckfinder/userfiles/files/Wild%20Parsnip.pdf
Home / About Agriculture / Information Services / Crop Production News / Crop Production News #1 - June 9, 2015 / Wild Parsnip – A Growing Invasive
© 2016 Government of Saskatchewan. All rights reserved.