Agriculture in AustraliaAgriculture in Australia

The Oilseed IndustryThe Oilseed Industry

Dr Rodney Mailer, Dr Rodney Mailer, Australian Oils Research

Wagga Wagga, NSW AUSTRALIA

Australian Oilseeds Industryy

• Production around 3 million tonnes– Canola 1.5 – 2.9 million tonnes– Cottonseed  1 million tonnes

• Current economic value $2 5 billion ( 4% of food sector)Current economic value $2.5 billion ( 4% of food sector)

• Very high value added component• Australia is a small producer in world context, but a significant player in canolasignificant player in canola

Australian oilseed production

Industry’s economic value $2.5 billion 

p

4000

4500

y $

2500

3000

3500

4000

1000

1500

2000

500

Tonn

es

0

500

1999/00 2000/01 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/9 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12

Canola Total

Area ofArea of Production of Oilseed Crops

Oilseed production – by type

1998/99

p y yp

2001/022000/011999/001998/99

2004/052003/042002/032001/02

2007/082006/072005/062004/05

2010/112009/102008/092007/08

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 40002010/11

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000Canola Sunflowers Soybeans Cottonseed Other

Australian Oilseed Crush Plants and Size

Large>100,000 t p.a.

Medium>20‐100,000 t p.a.

Small

Australia’s processing infrastructurep g

Crushing capacity 1.1 million tonnes

h f 2 companies with 90% of capacity

Most plants multi‐crush small to global standardsMost plants multi‐crush, small to global standards

80% solvent extraction

Most crushers have refining capacity

xxxx

AustralianAustralian Canola Exports

5 year average 2006/7 – 2010‐11

Exports (‘000 tonnes)p ( )

03/04 04/05 05/06 06/07 07/08 08/09 09/10 10/11

Canola Seed

1158 927 819 230 230 973 1238 1449

Cotton seed

167 230 187 65 65 6 106 272

CanolaOil

47 45 32 34 35 21 87 104

Australia’s oil usage for food by typeg y yp

Coconut3%

Tallow14%

3%

Canola29%

Olive6%

SoybeansSoybeans3%

Sunflower 9%

Cottonseed

Palm28%

7%

Other soft oils1%

Canola Breeding HistoryCanola Breeding History

R d i t d d i 1969• Rapeseed – introduced in 1969

• State Government breeding programs – 1970s• State Government breeding programs – 1970s

• First Canola ‐ 1979First Canola  1979– Low erucic (40%                 

Quality Traits (oil & meal) 

PRIORITIESPRIORITIESOil contentOil content Erucic acidErucic acid Saturated / Polyunsaturates fatty acids

GlucosinolatesGlucosinolates Protein contentConsistency

Energy

Sinapine / Condensed tannins

Phytatey

Fibre - Crude / NDF / ADF

NSP ( t h l )NSP (non-starch polysac)

α- and γ- Tocopherols

Amino acids - Cystine / Methionine / Lysine

D i M hDenis Murphy John Innes Centre, Norwich

Oil contentOil content

43 0

44.0

42.0

43.0

hole

seed

oi

stur

e)

}41.0

% O

il (in

wh

@ 6

% m

o } range 36 ‐ 48%

39.0

40.0

1999 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Year

Fatty Acid Profile Oleic Acid C18:1Fatty Acid Profile  ‐ Oleic Acid C18:1

Fatty Acid Profile - C18:1

ATR MarlinCB Pilbara

T2201CB Argyle

Pioneer 44C79ATR409

Pioneer 46Y78Tawriffic TTTornadoTT

Hurricane TTThunderTTATR Marlin

Min:    50%C

ultiv

ar

ATR C bblHyola 50

Pioneer 44C73CB ScaddenAV Sapphire

BravoTTFlinders TTC

Pioneer 44C79Ave:    60% 

Max:   70%

NL042NL045

NMT310H4686

Hyola 76Rottnest TTC

Pioneer 45Y77ATR Cobbler

% of Total FAP's

50 52 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70 72

AV GarnetNL042

Influence of Oil on Meal Protein 2009Influence of Oil on Meal Protein ‐ 2009

44.0

46.0

42.0

43.0

eal

40.0

42.0

il (in

who

le se

ed

6 %

moi

stur

e)

39.0

40.0

41.0

ein

(in o

il-fr

ee m

e0

% m

oist

ure)

34 0

36.0

38.0

% O @

6

37.0

38.0

% P

rote

@ 1

34.0NSW SA Victoria WA

State

36.0NSW SA Victoria WA

State

Oil                          Protein

Australian Canola QualityAustralian Canola Quality

A l P bli iAnnual Publication 

Australia’s canola crop

Vegetable meal use

‘000 tonnes 04/05 05/06 06/07 07/08 08/09

Vegetable meal use

Domestic

Canola 282 275 246 315 357

Cotton 197 240 179 87 80

Soy 42 38 27 31 54

Sun 31 42 27 35 41

Imported

Soy 262 369 620 540 500

PKE 14 11 294 148 120

TOTAL 828 975 1393 1156 1152

Canola Meal QualityCanola Meal Quality

Effects 

of 

ProcessingProcessing

By‐pass ProteinR ti l iReactive lysineGlucosinolates

Glucosinolates in mealGlucosinolates in meal

10

8

9

10

le se

ed sp

5

6

7

olat

es (i

n w

hom

oist

ure)Range (µM)

Seed   4 ‐ 16     

2

3

4

es/g

Glu

cosi

no@

6 %

Meal   7 – 28

0

1

2

µmol

e

1999 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 20091999 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Year

Sinapine: NVT 2005 & 2006Sinapine:   NVT 2005 & 2006 Sinapinep

2005 BravoTT2005 ATR Stubby2005 AG Outback

2005 ATR Beacon2005 ThunderTT

2005 Pioneer 44C732005 TornadoTT

2005 Pioneer 46C76riet

y

2005 AV Sapphire2006 ATR Stubby2006 AG Outback

2006 ATR Beacon2006 Pioneer 44C73

2006 B TTYea

r / V

ar

2006 BravoTT2006 ATR Summitt

2006 ThunderTT2006TornadoTT

2006 Pioneer 46C762006 AV S hi

Y

8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 15.0 16.0

2006 AV Sapphire

Sinapine (mg/kg in oil free meal)

Industry must ensure varieties meet yconsumer requirements

• Determine which traits are important for each industry – e.g. ruminants, monogastrics, biodiesele.g. ruminants, monogastrics, biodiesel

• Investigate effects of processing on canola mealInvestigate effects of processing on canola meal

• Price canola on the basis of Quality TraitsPrice canola on the basis of Quality Traits

• Develop a list of recommended cultivarsDevelop a list of recommended cultivars

CURRENT RESEARCHCURRENT RESEARCH

Improved Canola QualityImproved Canola Quality

Plant Breeding ProjectPlant Breeding Project Funded by

Grains Research & Development Corporation&

Australian Oilseed Federation

Future Research and DevelopmentFuture Research and Development

• Canola meal production will increase• Canola meal production will increase

• Industry direction in canola quality

• Financial returns for quality improvements

• Breeding programs to deliver better quality traits

Factors influencing the local oil market

Increasing focus on healthIncreasing focus on health Reduced hard/saturated fats Reduced trans fatty acidsReduced trans fatty acids Increased specialty oils Growth in food service and commercialGrowth in food service and commercial

Better technology access

B di d diff ti ti lit Branding and differentiation on quality

Competition – value chain integration

Supply availability – volume and consistency

Australian oils consumptionp

600

700

Chart Title

500

600

Domestic oil consumption increasing 48% 40%48% 49% 44%

300

400Olive

Hard fats

Other sof t oils

Canola Canola increasing share

100

200

15% 19% 22% 28% 30%

0

1994/95 1999/00 2003/04 2007/8 2010/11F

Canada ‐ INVESTED in Meal EnergyCanada ‐ INVESTED in Meal EnergyCanola Council annual report 2009

Breeding for lower fibre levels

results in energy levels of up toresults in energy levels of up to

10 per cent higher in pigs and 14

per cent higher in poultry.