agribank credit kế hoạch kinh doanh cho sản phẩm áo massage pro - et
TRANSCRIPT
-
7/30/2019 Agribank Credit K hoch kinh doanh cho sn phm o Massage Pro - ET
1/28
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background of the study
In the trend of global economic integration, the Vietnamese banking system
has changed and achieved certain success. Achievement of banking
operations will provide great conditions for economic development, is one of
the economic sectors contributing to repelling and economic restructuring
towards industrialization and modernization of the country.
Credit is the basic business activity accounting for large proportion in all
activities of commercial banks. The activity has been growing and expanding
with the participation of many economic sectors; inevitably credit relations
also extend in terms of both the subject and scale affecting the credit quality
of the commercial banks. It creates greatest income, but it also is the most
high-risk activity. Losses due to risks in the area will reduce the projected
income, losses, even leading to bankruptcy of banks. Therefore, the safety
and effectiveness - quality of credit is both a goal and an important factor
for competition and development of each commercial bank. Therefore, in
recent years, the issue of improving the quality and efficiency of the credit
operation is the top concern of the bank.
As a state-owned commercial bank playing a key role in the currency
market, agricultural and rural credit, as well as role of the leading
commercial bank in Vietnam Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development
(Agribank) has paid attention to focus all resources to maintain and developtheir credit activities.
In recent years, the bank's credit activity has achieved the positive results,
outstanding has increased over the years, the delinquency rate has
decreased. However, the credit performance still has focused on short-term
-
7/30/2019 Agribank Credit K hoch kinh doanh cho sn phm o Massage Pro - ET
2/28
credit; medium and long term credit has not achieved the expected results.
With annual expanding credit scale to meet a large amount of capital for the
development of the national economy, credit quality is also concern of the
bank. Accordingly, the annual short-term targets are within safe levels
prescribed by the State Bank during the operation and the medium-and
long-term credit quality is low; sources for medium and long-term credit of
the bank is not relevant with the short-term credit.
Stemming from the fact, the researcher chooses the topic: "Improving the
quality of medium-and long-term credit at the Bank for Agriculture
and Rural Development" to provide science-based and practical solutions,
contributing to solving the problems of improving the quality of medium-andlong-term credit based on the evaluation research of the actual quality of
bank credit.
1.2. Significance of the study
V mt l thuyt, lun n k tha c chn lc v pht trin b sung cc vn
l lun v tn dng trung v di hn v tng cht lng tn dng trung v
di hn ca h thng ngn hng thng mi ni chung.
V mt thc tin, lun n tip tc nghin cu thc tin hot ng tn dng
trung v di hn ti Ngn hng NN&PTNT thng qua phn tch v nh gi
thc tin hot ng tn dng trung v di hn ti NH NN&PTNT qua mt s
nm gn y ch ra nhng thnh tu cng nh nguyn nhn ca nhng
im yu cn tn ti. Thc tin hot ng ti cc NHTM ti Vit Nam cho
thy tn dng trung v di hn l ngun to ra li nhun ch yu cho cc
NHTM bi y l nhng khon tn dng c quy m ln, li sut cao, thi gian
di nn nu hot ng c hiu qu chng s mang li li nhun n nh v
lu di cho ngn hng. Do , cht lng ca tn dng trung v di hn c
ngha rt quan trng i vi hot ng ca ngn hng. Chnh v vy, nhng
gii php v khuyn ngh mang tnh h thng c a ra s c tc dng
-
7/30/2019 Agribank Credit K hoch kinh doanh cho sn phm o Massage Pro - ET
3/28
khc phc v nng cao cht lng tn dng trung v di hn m Agribank
ang cung cp.
1.3. Research aim and objectives
The objective of the study is to clarify the nature and importance of credit
quality as well as credit operation of banks through in-depth analysis and
accurate assessment to determine the quality of credit at Bank for
Agriculture and Rural Development; thus helping the bank get the
appropriate measures to improve the credit quality and appropriate
management measures in order to survive in the market economy.
More specifically, the study will clarify the following issues:
(1) Th no l tn dng trung v di hn v ngha ca cht lng tn dng
trung v di hn i vi ngn hng thng mi.
(2) To establish the trend of medium and long-term credit at Agribank
during the period 2007-2012.
(3) To establish the role and the impact of medium and long-term credit on
performance of Agribank, xc nh nguyn nhn ca nhng thnh cng v
im yu m NH thc hin.
(4) To indentify the factors affecting quality of medium and long-term credit.
(5) To come out with recommendations that can improve the quality of
medium and long-term credit at Agribank.
1.4. Boundary of the study
Nghin cu c thc hin nh gi v cht lng tn dng ti Agribank,
mt trong nhng ngn hng ln nht v hot ng ti hu khp cc khu vc
ca VIt Nam. iu gip cho nghin cu c th a ra c ci nhn ton
-
7/30/2019 Agribank Credit K hoch kinh doanh cho sn phm o Massage Pro - ET
4/28
cnh v cc vn lin quan ti cht lng tn dng trung v di hn khng
ch ca Agribank m cn c ca cc NHTM khc ca VN.
Nghin cu c thc hin tp trung vo tn dng trung v di hn ti
Agribank: vai tr v tc ng ca n i vi s pht trin ca h thng ngnhng v s pht trin ca ton b nn kinh t.
Nghin cu c da trn hot ng thc tin v tn dng trung v di hn
ca Agribank trong giai on 2007-2012
1.5. Structure of the study
Research on the credit quality of the Bank for Agriculture and Rural
Development is divided into six parts:
Chapter 1: Introduction
This chapter introduces an overview of the necessary information, objects
and methods used in the research.
Chapter 2: Overview of issues related to credit and medium and long term
bank credit quality
This chapter discusses the theories, the concepts of bank credit; from which
having in-depth analysis of the credit quality in Vietnamese and international
perspective by giving the credit quality assessment criteria in commercial
banks.
Chapter 3: Research Methodology
Introduce and indicate the research methods used to study quantitative and
qualitative, based on the collection and handling of primary and secondary
information obtained through the surveys.
-
7/30/2019 Agribank Credit K hoch kinh doanh cho sn phm o Massage Pro - ET
5/28
Chapter 4: Status of medium and long-term credit quality at the Bank for
Agriculture and Rural Development (Agribank)
Based on these data, the researcher analyzes the actual quality of the
medium-and long-term bank credit of Agribank to make the achievementsand shortcomings in the operation of the bank's credit.
Chapter 5: Solutions to improve the quality of medium-and long-term credit
bank at Agribank
The chapter introduces the practical solutions to solve the limitations and
issues of medium and long term bank credit found in the previous chapter in
order to increase quality of medium and long term bank credit at Agribank.
CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1. The concept of credit
Bank credit is the credit activity of bank with stakeholders in the economy.
Thus, the bank credit includes bank operation as credit receiver and credit
provider. (Giesecke, 2004). But because of its complexity and importance,
bank credit refers to as bank as credit provider.
Therefore, standing on the perspective of credit as the basic function of a
bank, a credit is a transaction on assets (money or goods) between the
lender (a bank or other financial institution) and borrowers (firms,
individuals or other entities); in which the lender transfers property to the
borrower to use in a certain period of time by agreement of both parties and
-
7/30/2019 Agribank Credit K hoch kinh doanh cho sn phm o Massage Pro - ET
6/28
the borrower is responsible for the unconditional return of principal and
interest to the lender upon maturity. (Gilbert, 2004).
In perspective of credit as distribution of capital, according to the Law on
Credit Institutions, credit is a system of distribution according to theprinciple of refund between people who have temporarily excess capital and
people who have the temporary lack of funds, and vice versa". Or credit
could be understood a trading relationship between the two entities,
including the transfer of money or property to the other party to use in a
given time, and at the same time the receiver of money or property commit
to repay the borrowed property plus a return on the agreed time limit.
(Kadlcakova and Keplinger, 2004)
Thus, it can be seen that the nature of credit is the transaction of property
on the basis of refund with the following features: (1) transaction property in
credit relations may be money, property or real estate, (2) time limit for
reimbursement must be determined to ensure that the borrower will return
the property to the lender on agreed time, (3) The normal return value must
be greater than the value at the loan, means that the borrower must pay
interest to the lender. (4) Credit relationship is governed by the order of
payment (credit contract, contract debts, orders to pay wage .....) to
execute responsibilities of the parties.
2.2. Medium and long term credit
2.2.1. Khi nim
There are many ways to classify credit such as classification of credit basedon loan purpose, refund approachBased on the loan term, credit is
classified into the following categories:
-
7/30/2019 Agribank Credit K hoch kinh doanh cho sn phm o Massage Pro - ET
7/28
- Short-term credit has the loan term to 12 months and is used to
compensate the lack of enterprise mobility and short-term spending needs of
the individuals.
- Medium term credit: According to the current regulations of the State Bankof Vietnam, these loans have a term of 12 months to 05 years. Medium-term
loans are mainly used to purchase fixed assets investment, improve
equipment innovation, technology, expand business, build small scale
projects with the quick payback time. In agriculture, mainly for medium to
invest in the following subjects: tractors, water pumps, construction of
garden crops such as coffee, .... In addition to investment in fixed assets,
medium-term loans also frequent sources of working capital of the business,especially new established businesses.
- Long-term loans has loan term over 05 years and a maximum term of up
to 20-30 years, a number of individual cases can be up to 40 years. Long-
term loans are types of credit offered to meet long-term needs such as
housing, equipment, large-scale transport, building new factories.
2.2.2. c im ca tn dng trung v di hn
Vn u t ln, thi hn di, thu hi vn chm: i tng ti tr ca tn
dng trung v di hn l ti sn c nh v cc cng trnh xy dng. c
im ca i tng ny l c gi tr ln, thi gian s dng lu di. Do ,
khon cho vay ti tr cho cc i tng ny i hi mt s vn u t
ln. Mt khc, ngun tr n l cc qu khu hao c bn v li nhun thu
c t d n. V vy, thi hn tr n thng ko di n khi d n kt
thc.
Ri ro cao: Do lng vn u t ln, thi gian thu hi vn chm nn ri
ro ca cc khon tn dng trung v di hn l cao.
-
7/30/2019 Agribank Credit K hoch kinh doanh cho sn phm o Massage Pro - ET
8/28
Li nhun t cc khon tn dng trung v di hn ln: do li nhun cng
cao th ri ro cng ln, nn cc khon cho vay trung v di hn thng c
mc li sut cao. Thm vo , do khon cho vay thng c s vn ln nn
thu nhp m khon tn dng ny em li cho ngn hng l ln.
2.2.3. Vai tr ca tn dng trung v di hn
i vi doanh nghip: l mt ch th trong nn kinh t th trng, doanh
nghip lun phi i mt vi s cnh tranh t pha cc i th. tn ti,
phi trin v thng th trong cnh tranh, iu cn thit l cc doanh nghip
phi ch trng n vic m rng sn xut, mua sm trang thit b hin i,
i mi cng ngh nhm nng cao sn lng, cht lng sn phm v gim
chi ph n mc thp nht c th. Mun thc hin c iu ny i hi
doanh nghip phi c mt lng vn u t rt ln. So vi cc ngun ti tr
vn khc ca doanh nghip nh cc ngun t qu li nhun khng chia (y
l ngun quan trng, pht hnh c phiu, tri , tn dng trung v di hn
ca ngn hng, c u th hn so vi cc ngun trn, th hin ch: Th
nht, n gip doanh nghip chp ly thi c kinh doanh nh rt ngn thi
gian tm kim vn. Th tc vay ngn hng tuy cht ch nhng nu tun th
ng th thi gian doanh nghip nhn c khon tn dng ny ca ngn
hng l ngn hn nhiu so vi t tch ly hay pht hnh tri phiu, c phiu.
Th hai, khng dn n s phn chia quyn kim sot cng ty vi bn ngoi
so vi vic pht hnh c phiu. Th ba, tn dng trung v di hn ngn hng
to ra s linh hot v k hn: doanh nghip c th vay vn ngn hng theo
k hn ph hp vi yu cu kinh doanh v chu k thu nhp. Vic iu chnh
k hn n ca cc khon tn dng trung v di hn ca ngn hng l d
dng: khi doanh nghip lm n thun li, nhanh chng thu hi vn u t v
lm n c li, c th tr n ngn hng trc hn. Ngc li, khi doanh
nghip gp kh khn trong sn xut kinh doanh, c th xin ngn hng gia
hn n. Mt khc, vic tr n trung v di hn c chia thnh cc k hn
-
7/30/2019 Agribank Credit K hoch kinh doanh cho sn phm o Massage Pro - ET
9/28
hp l v n nh, gip cho doanh nghip ch ng trong vic tm kim
ngun tr n.
i vi ngn hng: Tn dng trung v di hn vi c im l vn u t
ln, thi gian cho vay di, ri ro cao nn c li sut cao, l ngun mang lili nhun ch yu cho ngn hng. Thng qua hot ng tn dng trung v
di hn, ngn hng khng ngng m rng quy m khch hng, bng vic:
thu ht thm cc khch hng mi, to ra mi lin h cht ch v lu bn vi
cc khch hng truyn thng. Nh , ngn hng khng ngng nng cao
nng lc cnh tranh, ngy cng khng nh v th v vai tr ca mnh trong
nn kinh t. Tn dng trung v di hn gp phn vo vic lm cho vn huy
ng khng b nhn ri, m c s dng hiu qu em li li nhun cho
ngn hng. Do ngn hng khng th ngng nhn tin gi t dn c, v vn
phi tr li cho tin gi nn nu khon tin nhn ri trong ket, lm tng
chi ph ngn hng v gim li nhun. Tn dng trung v di hn l mt trong
cc c s ngn hng m rng huy ng vn, s dng vn mt cch kh
thi, tng sc cnh tranh ca bn thn ngn hng.
i vi nn kinh t: mi quc gia, nhu cu vn trung v di hn l
rt ln u t pht trin c s hn tng. Nhu cu ny c th c p
ng bng nhiu ngun nh: Ngn sch Nh nc, vin tr pht trin, vay n
nc ngoi nhng ngun quan trng nht vn l tn dng trung v di hn
ca cc ngn hng thng mi. Do , tn dng trung v di hn rt quan
trng trong s pht trin kinh t - x hi.
Hypothesis 1: Tn dng trung v di hn c tc ng tch cc i vi c cc
doanh nghip, ngn hng v nn kinh t.
2.3. Credit quality
Credit quality is a common concept, which is used to reflect the level of risk
in the loan summary of a credit institution as commercial banks. (Saunders,
-
7/30/2019 Agribank Credit K hoch kinh doanh cho sn phm o Massage Pro - ET
10/28
and L. Allen, 2002) In Vietnam, the State Bank of Vietnam makes a credit
quality indicators in the group of indicators on the quality of the credit rating
organizations in 2006. Credit quality of the State Bank of Vietnam on the
basis of these criteria:
(i) D n tn dng trung v di hn
Tng d n ca ngn hng bao gm: d n vn ngn hn, d n vn trung
di hn, vn gp ng ti tr. Ch tiu d n phn nh s cn cho vay ca
ngn hng trong mt thi k nht nh thng l mt nm. Ch tiu ny
phn nh mt phn uy tn, kh nng thu ht khch hng ca ngn hng.
Tng d n cao, chng t ngn hng cho vay c nhiu, c ht c nhiu
khch hng, uy tn ca ngn hng tng ti tt. Ngc li, tng d n thp
cho thy ngn hng kh nng thu ht khch hng l thp, uy tn cha cao,
kh nng m rng khch hng cn hn ch.
D n tn dng trung v di hn
T l d n tn dng trung v di hn =
Tng d n tn dng
Ch tiu ny ch l mt phn nh gi cht lng tn dng trung v di hn
ca ngn hng. Thng qua ch tiu ny, cha th nh gi cht lng tn
dng trung v di hn ca ngn hng tt hay xu. nh gi ton din v
tng i chnh xc, phi xem xt ng thi cc ch tiu.
(ii) Vng quay vn tn dng trung v di hn:
Doanh s thu n TDH BQ trong k
Vng quay vn tn dng TDH =
-
7/30/2019 Agribank Credit K hoch kinh doanh cho sn phm o Massage Pro - ET
11/28
D n tn dng TDH BQ trong k
Vng quay vn trung v di hn phn nh s vng chu chuyn vn tn dng
trung v di hn trong chu k (thng l mt nm). Vng quay vn tn dng
cho bit hiu qu trong vic s dng vn ngn hng. Vng quay cng ln
chng t ngn hng s dng vn c hiu qu, kh nng thu n ca ngn
hng tt. Vng quay vn tn dng trung v di hn nh chng t, khch
hng khng th hon tr n ng hn, lm pht sinh n qu hn hoc ngn
hng phi tin hnh gia hn n cho khch hng.
(iii) N qu hn v n kh i
N qu hn trung v di hn
T l n qu hn TDH =
D n tn dng trung v di hn
Khi n k hn tr n, nu khch hng khng th hon tr y v ng
hn, khng c ngn hng gia hn n th khon n chuyn thnh n
qu hn. Cc ngn hng u c gng sao cho h t l ny xung cng thp
cng tt, bi l t l ny cao th chng t ngn hng ang gp nhiu ri ro.
Tuy nhin, trn thc t, do nhng ri ro trong kinh doanh l khng th trnh
khi nn cc ngn hng thng chp nhn mt t l n qu hn nht nh
coi nh gii hn an ton. Theo kin ca mt chuyn gia th t l n qu hn
trn tng d n mc di 3% l c th chp nhn c.
Cc ch tiu v n qu hn v n kh i vn l nhng ch tiu phn nh r
nt nht cht lng tn dng ca ngn hng. Ch tiu ny cho thy khng
-
7/30/2019 Agribank Credit K hoch kinh doanh cho sn phm o Massage Pro - ET
12/28
phi lc no d n tn dng cao cng tt v nu ngn hng khng c chin
lc qun l n tt th s dn n pht sinh nhiu n qu hn, n kh i.
(iv) H s s dng vn trung v di hn
D n tn dng trung v di hn
Hiu sut s dng vn trung v di hn =
Tng ngun vn trung, di hn
Ch tiu ny phn nh mc s dng vn trung v di hn u t cho
tn dng trung v di hn. Nu t l ny nh hn hoc bng mt, chng t,
ngun vn trung v di hn ti tr cho tn dng trung v di hn, tn
dng trung v di hn c s ph hp v k hn nn an ton s c m
bo. Ngc li, nu t l ny ln hn mt, chng t ngun vn huy ng
trung v di hn khng ti tr cho tn dng trung v di hn ngn
hng. Tuy nhin, phi so snh mt cch tng i. Chng hn nh nu t l
ny nh hn nhiu so vi mt, chng t ngn hng s dng qu nhiu
ngun vn ngn hn ti tr cho tn dng trung v di hn. iu ny l
khng an ton cho ngn hng, tim n ri ro cao, nu khch hng t n
rt tin. Nhng nu t l ny gn bng mt, c ngha rng ch c mt phn
ngun vn ngn hn dng ti tr cho tn dng trung v di hn, iu ny
lm gim ri ro, va lm gim chi ph li ca khon tin nhn ri ca cc
khon tin gi ngn hn khng ti tr ht cho tn dng ngn hn.
(v) Ch tiu li nhun
Li nhun t tn dng trung v di hn
Ch tiu li nhun 1 =
D n tn dng trung v di hn
-
7/30/2019 Agribank Credit K hoch kinh doanh cho sn phm o Massage Pro - ET
13/28
Ch tiu ny phn nh kh nng sinh li ca tn dng trung v di hn,
cho bit mt trong mt trm phn trm d n tn dng trung v di hn th
li nhun t tn dng trung v di hn l bao nhiu. Ch tiu ny cng caochng t tn dng trung v di hn l mt nghip v sinh li cao.
Li nhun t tn dng trung v di hn
Ch tiu li nhun 2 =
Tng li nhun ca ngn hng
Ch tiu ny cho bit li nhun t tn dng trung v di hn chim bao
nhiu phn trm trong tng thu nhp ca ngn hng. N phn nh tm quan
trng ca tn dng trung v di hn trong hot ng ngn hng.
There are also other interpretations: the quality of bank credit is the best
meeting the requirements of customers (depositors and borrowers) in
relation to credit in order to ensure safety and reduce capital risks. Itindicates that medium and long term credit quality is specific in their ability
to attract long-term borrowers, reflecting the impact of credit to the
economy, contributing to economic growth of the country, creating jobs for
workers, giving prestigious to the bank as well as promoting the growth and
development of the Bank ...
Bank credit quality is seen from three sides: the banks, businesses and the
economy. From the perspective of the bank, for bank, medium-and long-
term credit quality is reflected in profitability, the recovery of principal and
interest upon maturity; since then the scope, extent, and limit of credit must
be accordance with the power of the banks themselves and ensure
competitiveness in the market with the principle of refund on time and with
-
7/30/2019 Agribank Credit K hoch kinh doanh cho sn phm o Massage Pro - ET
14/28
interest. From the perspective of the customers interests, the credit quality
is consistent with the intended use of the customer with reasonable interest
rates and terms, simple and easy credit procedures and does not violate the
credit policy. (Stephanou and Mendoza, 2005). Looking from the perspective
of the economy, credit quality will support business and consumers;
contributing to enhancing the production and circulation of goods;
addressing infrastructure issues, employment in economy.
Hypothesis 2: Tn dng trung v di hn c nh gi mt cch h thng
v tng hp bng c cc yu t nh tnh v yu t nh lng.
2.4. Factors affecting the credit quality
To make appropriate assessments and in-depth analysis on the credit quality
of the Bank, it is necessary to identify the factors affecting the credit quality:
external factors and internal factors. (Le Van Te, 2009)External factors are
objective factors and the banks need to catch up these issues to be able to
take advantage of opportunities to improve the quality of their credit or
remove the risks issued by the external agents. In addition, it should
consider exactly the internal elements to be able to continue to promote the
efficient operation and improve limitations in its banking system; aimed to
improve the quality of credit as desired.
2.4.1. External factors
The external factors often include the economic environment, legal and
political environment, cultural environment, industry environment ...
However, with research on the credit quality, the researcher go in-depth
analysis of economic, legal factors and customer elements (in the
environment sector) to specify the factors affecting the credit quality
-
7/30/2019 Agribank Credit K hoch kinh doanh cho sn phm o Massage Pro - ET
15/28
Economic factors
When the economy is stable, inflation is low and maintain stable, businesses
will concentrate and there are more business opportunities and business
development activities in order to profit. Therefore, the activity of liquidity,loan repayment is taken place rapidly; credit quality is improved.However, in
the current situation, when the economy is in recession, the production of
the businesses is shrunk; many businesses fail, the portfolio will also be
reduced, thus demand for credit is also reduced; many debts are not paid on
time or become bad loans. Banks will face challenge that medium-and long-
term credit will be reduced in size and quality. The volatility of the economy
such as changes in interest rates and market exchange rate market willdirectly affect controlling quality of bank credit
Legal factors
Currently, Vietnam has also written law relating to banking activities in
general and credit activities in particular such as: the Law on Credit
Institutions ... The unified sync of legal system is a mechanism to ensure
compliance with the assurance mechanism of bank credit quality. The lawson credit must conform with conditions and socio-economic development
level; thereby ensuring and encouraging credit activities more efficient.
However, the system of document is not synchronized today, businesses
have difficulty in making credit activities. Changes in the policies of the state
in economic structure, export and import policy have caused serious impact
on the repayment capacity of the business. Along with loose banking legal
system, they have made it difficult for the management of the bank's credit
quality.
Client factor
-
7/30/2019 Agribank Credit K hoch kinh doanh cho sn phm o Massage Pro - ET
16/28
Financial strength of the customer is expressed through indicators such as
equity, debt, solvency, profitability every year ... With the financial strength,
borrowing businesses are easier to agree with the bank on the loan and take
advantage of the reputation of the business in the bank debt repayment.
Situation and prospects of the business is usually expressed through
business data in 3 consecutive years, the most recent month and business
goals set by the business and the ability to implement that goal. A business
with good business situation; promising development of business in the
future will be also easily accepted for adoption of credit due to available
basis of assessment of the quality of credit.
Credit security level: for medium-and long-term loans, banks pay special
attention to the issue of collateral. If businesses have sufficient assets to
secure the loan, the loan quality is also assessed better. In addition,
businesses can rely reputable partners guarantees for their loans; to
improve the security level of their credit.
2.4.2. Internal factors
Credit policy: is the condition set for the businesses, organizations wishing
to participate in bank credit activities to ensure activities in the right
direction of the organization and the state. Proper and appropriate credit
policies attract more customers plus the process of lending implementation,
approval and secured debt, will certainly have good credit quality.
Credit process: is the sequence, complete the implementation phase of a
credit. It consists of three phases: review borrowing request of customersand lending; inspect and monitor process of use of loans and monitor risk;
collecting debts and liquidation. If the process is done in a scientific and
thorough way, credit quality will be significantly improved. Therefore, the
-
7/30/2019 Agribank Credit K hoch kinh doanh cho sn phm o Massage Pro - ET
17/28
bank should focus on the development of a process in accordance with the
conditions.
Human resources quality at bank: the human element has always been the
core of the success of any business. Bank staff with professional skills will bea prerequisite to implement the common tasks of the Bank; specifically
project appraisal, asset valuation, debt collection to help the bank
significantly reduce the risk of damage in the credit activities. Therefore, the
bank periodically always focuses on improving ethics and professional
qualifications for their staff through short-term training courses.
Information and capability of processing credit information: credit
information is an important basis to consider and decide whether to lend or
not; at the same time it is useful in the process of monitoring and
management of loans with the purpose of safety and effectiveness. The
more accurate collecting information through multiple sources (from the
customer base, profile, etc.) is, the less risks are reduced, contributing to
improving the quality of bank credit.
Hypothesis 3: C rt nhiu cc yu t ch quan v khch quan nh hngn cht lng tn dng trung v di hn.
2.5. Chapter summary
Chng ny a ra cc khi nim v tn dng, tn dng trung v di hn v
cc yu t nh hng ti cht lng tn dng trung v di hn ca ngn
hng thng mi ni chung. Da trn l thuyt, tc gi a ra cc gi thuyt
nhm phn tch v nh gi v xu hng ca tn dng trung v di hn
trong hot ng ca h thng ngn hng cng nh nh gi mc nh
hng ca cc
-
7/30/2019 Agribank Credit K hoch kinh doanh cho sn phm o Massage Pro - ET
18/28
Hypothesis 1: Tn dng trung v di hn c tc ng tch cc i vi c cc
doanh nghip, ngn hng v nn kinh t.
Hypothesis 2: Tn dng trung v di hn c nh gi mt cch h thng
v tng hp bng c cc yu t nh tnh v yu t nh lng.
Hypothesis 3: C rt nhiu cc yu t ch quan v khch quan nh hng
n cht lng tn dng trung v di hn.
CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1. Introduction
Chng II a ra cc khi nim v tn dng, tn dng trung v di hn, cc
yu t nh hng ti cht lng tn dng trung v di hn cng nh cc yu
t nh hng ti cht lng tn dng trung v di hn ti ngn hng thng
mi ni chung. Chng III tip tc a ra phng php nghin cu, chin
lc nghin cu, designs v phng php thu thp, phn tch d liu nhm
gip ngi c tip cn c mc tiu nghin cu v gii thch c cc gi
thuyt a ra trong chng II.
3.2. Research philosophy
Theo Galliers (1991), a research philosophy bao gm hai trit l nghin cu
chnh l positivism and interpretivism, is a belief about the way in which
data about a phenomenon should be gathered, analysed and used. Trong khi
positivism c cho l c tnh thc tin, c th c quan st v miu t t
i tng quan st (Levin, 1988) m khng cn interfering hin tng cnghin cu th interpretivism ch c th c fully understood khi c thc
hin trc tip trn ch th nghin cu. Positivism c th d on hin tng,
s vic trn c s ca nhng quan st v nghin cu trc v do vy
potivisism c mc ch tm kim nhng qui lut tng qut, nhng s tht
-
7/30/2019 Agribank Credit K hoch kinh doanh cho sn phm o Massage Pro - ET
19/28
hin nhin v nhng l thuyt khch quan (value excluded theories). Cn i
vi Interpretivism li a ra cc l thuyt khoa hc bi nhiu nh khoa hc
khc nhau, do vi cng mt hin tng, c th c nhng cch hiu khc
nhau. Trong nghin cu ny, tc gi la chn hai phng php lun nghin
cu c bt ngun t potivism l Observation Reseach v Survey Research
v y l hai phng php m tc gi c th c iu kin tin hnh
nghin cu m vn m bo c tnh ng n v khch quan ca nghin
cu.
3.3. Research paradign and design
Research design c thit lp nhm gip ngi nghin cu xc nh r
mnh cn tm g v lm th no thc hin c vic . Mouton (1996)
miu t a research design as a set the researcher has set for himself/herself.
C ba dng research design c bn l: exploratory, descriptive, and
causal research. Ci u tin c s dng discover ideas and in-sight,
ci th hai l miu t s vt vi thng qua cc bin s quan trng v mc
tiu ca ci cui cng l thit lp mi quan h nguyn nhn h qu
gia cc bin s. Trong nghin cu ny, tc gi s dng explratory research
nhm c c nhng hiu bit tt hn v tnh hnh. Cc gi nh m tc gi
a ra chng II l cn thit nhm gip tc gi hiu r hn iu g ang
xy ra v ti sao n xy ra. Trong nghin cu ny, tc gi s dng phng
php ph bin ca exploratory research l literature searches Literature
search chnh l cch nhanh nht v tit kim chi ph nht nhm gii quyt
cc gi thit a ra da vo cc ti liu c thu thp t cc th vin, c
s d liu trc tuyn, cc n phm, and so on.
3.4. Research Strategy
Galliers (1991) ch ra 14 loi research methodologies v c phn loi
theo Positivis v interpretivist paradigms.
-
7/30/2019 Agribank Credit K hoch kinh doanh cho sn phm o Massage Pro - ET
20/28
Positivist Interpretivist
Laboratory Experiments Subjective/Argumentative
Field Experiments Reviews
Surveys Action Research
Case Studies Case Studies
Theorem Proof Descriptive
Forecasting Futures Research
Simulation Role/Game Playing
Da trn c im ca mi chin lc v da vo iu kin thc hin nghin
cu cng nh cc gi thuyt a ra, tc gi la chn phng php iu
tra thc hin nghin cu. Phng php iu tra cho php tc gi thu thp
d liu s cp thng qua thc tin, quan st tnh hnh ti mt im thi gian
thng qua bng hi hoc phng vn. C th, tc gi thc hin bng hi i
vi 100 khch hng n giao dch ti Agribank. Kt qu tc gi thu c t
iu tra ny s kt hp cng d liu thu c t literature search hon
thin hn cc nh gi ca tc gi v tnh hnh tn dng trung v di hn ti
Agribank.
3.5. Data Collection
3.5.1. Sources of data
Trong nghin cu ny, tc gi da vo c hai loi l d liu s cp v d liu
th cp. Nu nh d liu th cp l d liu c thu thp t nhng nghincu ca ngi khc v c th c s dng nhm phc v mc ch khc
nhau ca ngi nghin cu (Ghauri & Gronhaug, 2010) th d liu s cp li
do chnh ngi nghin cu thu thp v nhm phc v trc tip cho mc ch
nghin cu. Nh vy, d liu s cp c u im l phc v trc tip cho ch
-
7/30/2019 Agribank Credit K hoch kinh doanh cho sn phm o Massage Pro - ET
21/28
v i tng nghin cu ca ngi nghin cu. Tuy nhin ngun d liu
ny i hi tc gi phi tn nhiu thi gian, chi ph v c th b chi phi bi
cc yu t khch quan khin cho kt qu d liu thu c c chnh xc
khng cao. Ngc li, d liu th cp li rt c li, c bit l trong giai on
u ca nghin cu, khi tc gi cn xa l vi vn cn nghin cu, th d
liu th cp c thu thp t nhiu ngun khc nhau v c tin cy tng
i n nh. Trong nghin cu ny, d liu th cp c thu thp t cc bo
co thng nin ca NHNN, cc bo co ni b ca Agribank v cc t chc
nh gi c uy tn khc s gip tc gi nm bt c tnh hnh hot ng
kinh doanh ni chung v hot ng tn dng trung v di hn ca Agribank
ni ring so vi cc hot ng khc ca ngn hng cng nh cc ngn hng
thng mi khc ti Vit Nam. C th, ngun thu thp d liu ca tc gi
bao gm: the Annual Report, Journal of Agribank, the State Bank, the
specialized books about bank credit, etc.
Cn i vi d liu s cp, tc gi thc hin iu tra vi khong 100 khch
hng ti mt s chi nhnh ca Agribank ti Hanoi. Kho st ny c thc
hin bng cch tc gi trc tip n quan st ti cc quy tip tn ti cc chi
nhnh, trao i trc tip vi cc khch hng n giao dch la chn ranhng khch hng c nh vay vn trung v di hn phc v cho sn
xut kinh doanh. Sauk hi trao i, tc gi s a ra bng hi cc khch
hng in vo hoc tc gi t ghi li, ly c s lm d liu s cp, phc v
cho vic nh gi cht lng dch v ti Agribank.
3.5.2. Data collection method
Hai cch tip cn c s dng hiu c vic thu thp thng tin cho mcch nghin cu l phng php nh tnh v phng php nh lng. Trong
khi phng php u tin c tin hnh bng cch quan st v o lng
trn nhng i tng nht nh v c lp li bi nhng nh nghin cu
khc nhau th phng php sau li c s dng tng mc hiu bit
-
7/30/2019 Agribank Credit K hoch kinh doanh cho sn phm o Massage Pro - ET
22/28
ca chng ta v bn cht ca s vt, sc vic. Theo Burns & Grove (1987),
quantitative research approach is an objective, formal systematic process in
which numerical data findings. It describes, tests, and examines cause and
effect relalationships. Trong khi , phn tch nh lng c thc hin
from the perspective of the subject, khng phi t nh nghin cu. Mc ch
ca vic s dng phng php nh lng is to describe certain aspects of a
phenomenon, with a view to explaining the subject if study (Cormack,
1991). Chnh v vy, u im ca phng php nh lng l kh nng cung
cp nhng miu t phc tp thng qua cc nghin cu c th. Phng php
ny khng ch hiu qu trong vic cung cp cc thng tin lin quan ti hnh
vi, nim tin, tng, cm xc ca con ngi m cn gip xc nh cc yu
t v hnh khc socioeconomics status, ethnicity, etc.
3.5.3. Questionaires
Mc ch ca vic dng bng hi l tm hiu mi quan h
Bng hi iu tra gm 5 ni dung chnh:
Cu 1 hi v thng tin ca khch hng bao gm: tui tc, ngh nghip, ni
c tr.
Cu 2 l cc cu hi lin quan ti mi quan h ca khch hng vi Agribank
bao gm: s ln n giao dch, tn sut n giao dch v cc dch v thng
dng.
Cu 3 l cc cu hi lin quan n mc ch vay vn, thi gian vay, chnh
sch h tr mong mun
Cu 4 l nh gi cht lng ca hot ng tn dng ca Agribank, so snh
vi cc ngn hng khc nu c th
-
7/30/2019 Agribank Credit K hoch kinh doanh cho sn phm o Massage Pro - ET
23/28
Cu 5 l ngh khch hng xut nhng mong mun v gii php t pha
khch hng Agribank c th nng cao cht lng dch v tn dng ca
mnh.
3.6. Ethics/ethical issues
Nh cp trn, trong nghin cu ny, tc gi la chn phng php
potivisim do vy, c th ni tc gi s dng phng php khoa hc tin
hnh nghin cu. C th, tc gi s dng nhng nghin cu c trc kt hp
cng bng hi iu tra a ra kt qu. Trong qu trnh thu thp, phn
tch d liu, tiu chun o c cn thit phi c xem xt n. u tin,
vn o c nhm m bo ngi nghin cu s phi tn trng cc qui
lut, khng phn bit i x hoc thay i c s d liu. Hai l, bo v cc
vn lin quan n quyn ring t. phc v nghin cu, tc gi c thc
hin iu tra i vi khch hng ca Agribank. Nhng thng tin, c bit l
thng tin c nhn ca khch hng l rt quan trng v cn c bo mt.
Indentities, locations of individuals and places are concealed in published
results, data collected are held in anonymize form, and all data kept securely
confidential (Bulmer, 1994). Ngoi ra, tc gi cng phi bo m ton b
kt qu nghin cu a ra l t kt qu nghin cu ca mnh. Nu c trch
dn t cc ti liu, nghin cu khc u c trch dn r rng.
3.7. Limitations of the study
Trn thc t, cho d tc gi c gng tm kim cc ngun d liu ng tin
cy v thc hin kho st i vi khch hng, tuy nhin cng gp phi
mt s vn nh sau:
Mt l, ngun ti liu lin quan n Agribank, c bit l cc bo co kt qu
kinh doanh u rt kh tm kim, nguyn nhn c th y l NHTMCP Nh
nc. Chnh v vy, lng d liu chnh thng tc gi tm kim c cn hn
-
7/30/2019 Agribank Credit K hoch kinh doanh cho sn phm o Massage Pro - ET
24/28
ch m thng phi thng qua cc bo co, nh gi ca cc t chc quc
t ng tin cy nh IMF, World Bank, ADB
Hai l, nghin cu c thc hin da trn d liu i vi ton b h thng
Ngn hng Agribank nhng khi thc hin kho st, tc gi ch c th thchin i vi cc khch hng giao dch ti mt s chi nhnh giao dch ca
Agribank ti H Ni. iu ny c th dn ti nhng sai st trong vic nh
gi cht lng dch v t pha khch hng do nhng c tnh lin quan n
vn ha, hnh vi ng x khc nhau ti mi khu vc. Hn na, do iu kin
khng cho php, tc gi khng th thc hin phng vn i vi cc cn b
tn dng ang cng tc ti Agribank c thm nhng thng tin lin quan
n dch v do ngn hng cung cp.
3.8. Chapter summary
Trong chng ny, tc gi a ra cc phng php nghin cu c s dng
nhm phn tch r i tng nghin cu v gii quyt cc gi thuyt nghin
cu a ra trong chng trc . C th, tc gi s dng potivism
philosophy nh hnh cho vic nghin cu. Sau da vo cc d liu th
cp l cc bo co, nghin cu trc v d liu s cp l cuc iu tra vikhch hng giao dch ti Agribank c thu thp thng qua phng php
nh lng v phng php nh tnh. Trong chng tip theo, da vo
nhng d liu thu thp c chng III, tc gi tin hnh phn tch,
nh gi tnh hnh hin ti v xut nhng gii php nhm nng cao cht
lng dch v tn dng trung v di hn ti Agribank.
-
7/30/2019 Agribank Credit K hoch kinh doanh cho sn phm o Massage Pro - ET
25/28
CHAPTER IV: FINDINGS
4.1. Khi qut v Ngn hng nng nghip v pht trin nng thn
4.2. Hot ng tn dng
Song song vi vic to ra mt chnh sch huy ng vn hiu qu, kh nng
hot ng tn dng v thu hi vn cng lun l mi quan tm ca ngn
hng. Cng nh nhiu NHTM ni chung khc, hot ng tn dng ca
Agribank c thc hin trn nguyn tc i vay cho vay, t thu c
li nhun. Do , cht lng tn dng lun c Agribank t ln hng u.
Hin nay, Agribank tin hnh nhng hot ng tn dng sau: cho vay, bo
lnh, chit khu trong hot ng cho vay ng vai tr ch yu. Agribank
p ng nhu cu vay vn ca mi thnh phn kinh t v c nhn, h gia
nh.
Tri qua 25 nm xy dng v pht trin, Agribank l NHTM NN ln nht VN
vi tng ti sn trn 560 nghn t ng, tng ngun vn t trn 523 nghn
t ng, tng d n nn kinh t t trn 477 nghn t ng, vi hn 2.200
chi nhnh v phng giao dch, hn 4 vn cn b, cung cp dch v ti hn 10
triu h sn xut, hng chc ngn doanh nghip trong v ngoi nc.
Agribank lun dnh 70% tng d n u t cho lnh vc nng nghip, nng
dn, nng thn, khng nh vai tr ch lc i vi pht trin kinh t t
nc.
I. Thc trng hot ng tn dng v cung cp sn phm dch v caAgribank
1. Mng li
-
7/30/2019 Agribank Credit K hoch kinh doanh cho sn phm o Massage Pro - ET
26/28
Hin nay Agribank c im giao dch cc loi v cn b nhn vin. V
mng li cc t chc tn dng, Agribank chim khong % th phn.
Vi h thng chi nhnh v phng giao dch rng khp, Agribank l ngn
hng duy nht c kh nng tip cn n hu ht cc a bn huyn x, cbit l cc a bn vng su, vng xa. Ti nhiu a bn, Agribank gn nh
l ngn hng duy nht cung cp tn dng v dch v ngn hng cho b con
nng dn v dn c trn a bn.
=> Biu th phn mng li ca Agribank
2. Huy ng vn
Ngun vn huy ng ca Agribank t
Trong nhng nm tr li y, Agribank tp trung nng cao cht lng v n
nh ngun vn nhm phc v tt hn cho nhu cu tn dng ti a phng,
c bit l i tng nng nghip, nng thn. Trong huy ng vn ch trng
ngun vn n nh t dn c, t cc t chc kinh t, cc ngun vn n nh,
hn ch ngun vn t cc t chc ti chnh, tn dng.
3. u t tn dung
Vi th phn chim khong %vn tn dng ca c nc, lng vn Agribank
cung ng hng nm tp trung vo cc lnh vc: thu mua, ch bin, kinh
doanh, xut khu thy sn, lng thc, u t c s h tng pht trin kinh
t nng nghip, nng thn. Hin ti, d n cho vay nng nghip, nng thn
t t ng, chim % tng d n.
4.3. Khi qut v tn dng trung v di hn ti Agribank
4.3.1. Mt s qui nh v tn dng trung v di hn ti Agribank
-
7/30/2019 Agribank Credit K hoch kinh doanh cho sn phm o Massage Pro - ET
27/28
Quy nh v cho vay i vi khch hng trong h thng Agribank ni chung
v cho vay tn dng trung v di hn ni ring c ban hnh km theo
Quyt nh s 666/Q-HQT-TDHo ca Hi ng qun tr Agribank nh sau:
- Mc ch cho vay: Mc ch cho vay trung v di hn nhm p ng nhucu vn tm thi cho cc d n c thi gian thu hi chm thi gian t 1
nm tr ln. Nhn chung, mc ch cho vay trung v di hn ca ngn hng
l nhm mc tiu em li li nhun cho ngn hng, duy tr s hot ng ca
ngn hng. Ngoi ra, mt s khon cho vay trung v di hn ca Agribank
khng nhm mc tiu li nhun m cho vay theo s y thc ca Chnh ph,
ca Ngn hng th gii v cc t chc quc t khc.
- Nguyn tc cho vay: Khch hng vay vn ti Agribank phi m bo hai
nguyn tc sau: (i) S dng vn vay ng mc ch tha thun trong hp
ng tn dng; (ii) Hon tr n gc v li tin vay ng hn tha thun
trong hp ng tn dng.
- i tng cho vay: i tng cho vay trung v di hn ca Agribank gm
nhiu loi khch hng khc nhau: cc t chc trong nc v nc ngoi, h
gia nh, c nhn, t hp tc Vit Nam. Cc i tng trn phi m bo cciu kin ca Agribank, l: c nng lc php lut dn s, nng lc hnh
vi dn s, v t chu trch nhim dn s theo qui nh ca php lut. Mc
ch s dng vn vay hp php: C kh nng ti chnh m bo tr n trong
thi gian cam kt; c d n u t, phng n sn xut, kinh doanh, dch v
kh thi v c hiu qu; thc hin cc qui nh v m bo tin vay theo qui
nh ca Chnh ph, NHNN Vit Nam v hng dn ca Hi ng qun tr
Agribank, etc.
- Thi hn cho vay trung v di hn: Theo qui nh hin nay ca NHNN VN
v cng l qui nh chung ca Agribank: Cho vay trung hn l cc khon vay
c thi hn t trn 12 thng n 60 thng; Cho vay di hn l cc khon
vay c thi hn trn 60 thng. Thi hn cho vay c th do Agribank v
-
7/30/2019 Agribank Credit K hoch kinh doanh cho sn phm o Massage Pro - ET
28/28
khch hng tha thun v thi hn cho vay, cn c vo mt s tiu chun
nh: chu ky sn xut kinh doanh, thi hn thu hi vn ca d n u t,
kh nng tr n ca ngn hng, ngun vn cho vay ca Agribank Vit Nam.
- Li sut cho vay trung v di hn: Ch tch HDQT hoc TGD qui nh mcli sut cho vay, ph v l ph ph hp vi qui nh ca NHNN Vit Nam, li
sut th trng, th loi vay v thng l quc t. Cc chi nhnh ca Agribank
s tha thun vi khch hng v tng khon vay, thi hn iu chnh ph
hp vi s bin ng ca li sut th trowngf tng thi k v qui nh ca
Agribank.
- Mc tn dng: Agribank cn c vo nhu cu vay vn ca khch hng, t l
(%) c cho vay so vi gi tr ti sn bo m tin vay (nu khon vay p
dng bo m bng ti sn), kh nng hon tr n ca khch hng,kh
nng ngun vn ca Agribank quyt nh mc cho vay. Theo qui nh ca
Agribank, i vi cho vay trung v di hn, khch hng phi c vn t c ti
thiu 20% trong tng nhu cu vn.
- Ti sn m bo: Theo qui nh hin nay ca Agribank, ti sn dng
m bo tin vay cho cc khon vay trung v di hn l ti sn do cc bntha thun v thuc s hu ca bn c ngha v hoc thuc quyn s hu
ca bn th ba. Ti sn bo m c th l ti sn hin c, ti sn hnh thnh
trong tng lai v c php giao dch.
- Qui trnh thm nh d n u t: Xc nh c thm nh d n l yu t
quan trong trong hot ng cho vay, nht l cho vay trung v di hn,
Agribank qui nh r rng cc bc trong thm nh d n u t, l:
+