Age of Contact:Age of Contact:European ExplorationEuropean Exploration

• Conquistador- A Spanish soldier/explorer who wanted riches & power, as well as wealth & glory for Spain, in the conquest of the Americas.

• Mission- a religious settlement.

Reasons for Exploration

_____________ European countries wanted to increase their global wealth.

_____________ Catholic church supported expeditions in hopes of converting natives to Christianity _____________ Expeditions led by Conquistadors looking for wealth & fame.

Saffron, the world's most expensive spice, is costly because more than 225,000 stigmas must be hand picked to produce one pound

CINNAMON

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SAFFRON

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REASON

Western Europe wanted an all-water route to Asia

Routes over land were dangerous & costly

33 days

Important Dates

• 1492: Funded by the

Spanish crown, Columbus Columbus sailed west across the AtlanticAtlantic hoping to find a faster route to AsiaAsia.

• Following the exampleexample & knowledge of Columbus, other ConquistadorsConquistadors will claim territory in the “new worldnew world.”

Spanish Advantages• Guns, Germs, & Steel -

Advanced technologyAdvanced technology

Spanish Advantages

Spanish Advantages

Persuaded thousands of other Native Americans that hated Aztec rule to join the Spanish as allies.

Indian Allies (military) 500 Conquistadors

Important Datesby 1521

• Aztecs are conquered & all their gold is taken.

Hernan Cortes• Cortes eventually seizes the Aztec capital, ,

TenochtitlanTenochtitlan (renamed MexicoMexico city) • Becomes a base for exploration called New Spain• His success inspiresinspires other Spaniards to explore

North AmericaNorth America

New Spanish Towns & Missions

• Spain was a CatholicCatholic nation• Spanish wanted to convert IndiansIndians to Catholicism• Priest & nuns Priest & nuns established missions• Helped protect claim of their territory

Alonzo Alvarez de Pineda• 1519- Explored & created the 1st map of the

Gulf CoastGulf Coast region (including the TexasTexas coast).11stst Europeans to see Texas coast Europeans to see Texas coast

Panfilo de Narvaez• Sent on an expedition to conquerconquer land between Florida &

Mexico• Ships that were supposed to pick them up never did.• Stranded, they built small boatsthey built small boats.• Go through a hurricane and get shipwreckedshipwrecked.

DrownedDrowned

Cabeza de Vaca• Shipwrecked near Galveston

– (part of Narvaez expedition)

• Survived with KarankawaKarankawa 8 yrs.

Location of Galveston Island; the castaways referred to as Location of Galveston Island; the castaways referred to as "Isla del Malhado," or Island of Misfortune. "Isla del Malhado," or Island of Misfortune.

Cabeza de Vaca described native dwellings as portable structures made of mats placed on four arches. When it was time to move to the next camp, the Indians would remove the mats and carry them on their backs.

Removed an arrowhead from an Removed an arrowhead from an Indians chest & sewed up the Indians chest & sewed up the wounds= great fame as a healerwounds= great fame as a healer

Cabeza de Vaca• Eventually found his way back to

Mexico City & then went back to Spain.

• Wrote a book book describing plants & animals (bisonbison) in TexasTexas.

Popular Legend- 7 cities containing vast treasures. One of the cities was reportedly called Cibola.

Francisco Vasquez de Francisco Vasquez de CoronadoCoronado• Sent on an expedition to find Cibola- Sent on an expedition to find Cibola- 77 cities cities

that were rich in gold, silver, & gems.that were rich in gold, silver, & gems.• Searched for 5 months going through the Searched for 5 months going through the

Texas Texas PanhandlePanhandle• CibolaCibola turned out to be an turned out to be an adobeadobe village village• Didn’t want to go back empty handed = Didn’t want to go back empty handed =

continued to search but he found no gold.continued to search but he found no gold.

Francisco Vasquez de Coronado• Explored the Texas panhandle.Explored the Texas panhandle.

Searching for Quivera.Searching for Quivera.

11stst European to see Grand Canyon European to see Grand Canyon (Arizona)(Arizona)

Coronado’s Report on [Texas]

• “was a country (land) of fine appearance” and its soil promised good farming. He also reported that “there is not any gold nor any other metal- nothing but little villages.”

(1581) Don Juan de Onate• Claims entire Rio Grande Valley for Spain• Founded the Spanish settlements of upper Rio

Grande, including El Paso (El Paso del Norte)• Set up missions along the Rio Grande

Rene-Robert Cavalier Sieur de La Salle• 1682: Explored the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Gulf of

Mexico Mexico & claimed Louisiana for FranceFrance.

Rene-Robert Cavalier Sieur de La Salle(1685) La Salle’s settlement – Fort St. LouisFort St. Louis near Matagorda Bay.

SpainSpain now had to take action to make sure the FrenchFrench didn’t

take over their claim to TexasTexas.

Results of European Exploration• Columbian Exchange-

Transfer of plants, animals, & diseasesTransfer of plants, animals, & diseases

Americas

• Avocados, beans, Avocados, beans, cashews, cocoa beans cashews, cocoa beans (chocolate), corn, (chocolate), corn, papayas, peanuts, papayas, peanuts, pecans, peppers, pecans, peppers, pineapples, potatoes, pineapples, potatoes, squash, tomatoes, squash, tomatoes, vanilla beans, wild vanilla beans, wild rice.rice.

• Guinea pigs, Guinea pigs, hummingbirds, hummingbirds, muskrats, muskrats, rattlesnakes, turkeysrattlesnakes, turkeys

Europe, Asia, Africa

• Barley, rice, oats. Barley, rice, oats. Wheat, bananas, Wheat, bananas, coffee, lemons, coffee, lemons, lettuce, okra, olives, lettuce, okra, olives, onions, oranges, onions, oranges, peaches, pears, peaches, pears, radishes, soybeans, radishes, soybeans, sugarcane, sugarcane, watermelons.watermelons.

• Chickens, cows, cats, Chickens, cows, cats, goats, hogs, honey goats, hogs, honey bees, horses, mice, bees, horses, mice, rabbits, rats, sheeprabbits, rats, sheep

Results of European ExplorationResults of European Exploration

Diseases: Small pox & measles

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wild offspring of horses brought by

the SpanishSpanish.Indians get horses trading/raiding = Indians become better hunters &

fighters.Different fruits

Different fruits

CattleCattle

Spanish pronunciation of the Caddo Indian word Teyshas. The word = “friend,” &

generally referred to the allied tribes of their confederacy.

In Spanish, the sh sound is usually represented by jj, h, or xx = became -

Americans called it…