african americans in the progressive era
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African Americans in the Progressive Era. Discrimination and Racism. Segregation. De Jure Segregation. De Facto Segregation. Segregation enforced by laws Becomes a reality with Plessy vs. Ferguson. Segregation based on unwritten laws like custom and tradition. Plessy vs. Ferguson, 1896. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
AFRICAN AMERICANS IN THE PROGRESSIVE ERADiscrimination and Racism
Segregation
Segregation enforced by laws
Becomes a reality with Plessy vs. Ferguson
Segregation based on unwritten laws like custom and tradition
De Jure Segregation De Facto Segregation
Plessy vs. Ferguson, 1896 Homer Plessy was 1/8 African American
and bought a white train ticket in Jim Crow segregated Louisiana…denied seat
Case goes to Supreme Court Court decides to uphold Jim Crow
segregation “Separate but equal”
Is separate ever equal?...Justice Harlan did not think so, only Justice that went against the 8-1 decision (Harlan Dissent)
Sets up de jure segregation
Reformers
Urged for AA to be patient while waiting for equality (“Atlanta Compromise Speech”) Eventually AA would gain
white respect “Cast down your bucket” with
the people who share the same aspirations
Be economically independent Become craftsmen and learn a
skill Setup Tuskegee Institute for
vocational education
Urged AA to demand their rights immediately or else fall victim to permanent racism
Promoted an academic education not skill/trade based
Called Washington’s speech the Atlanta Compromise since he “gave in”
Booker T. Washington W.E.B. Du Bois
Other Reformers Ida B. Wells Barnett
Wrote about the horrors of lynching (execution by hanging without a trial) in the South
Helped form the NAACP
Reforms Niagara
Movement: Denounced the idea of gradual progress
Denounced Booker T. Washington
Wanted full voting rights for AA
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP): 4 front campaign:
Socially free from insult
Mentally free from ignorance
Physically free from low wage labor
Politically free from disenfranchisement
The Crisis was the official magazine of the NAACP
Founded by Du Bois
Disenfranchisement Taking away the right of AA to
vote because there were loopholes in the 15th Amendment Through intimidation, KKK Through laws
Grandfather Clause: AA could vote if his ancestors had voted in 1866…15th Amendment not passed until 1870
Poll Tax: AA must pay a tax to vote, AA can’t afford it
Literacy Tests: AA had been denied an education so they can’t pass the test
Wilmington Race Riot, 1898 AA newspaper editor writes an article about white
women enjoying the company of black men just as much as white men enjoy the company of black women…highly controversial
KKK and Redshirts run AA out of Wilmington Burn down the newspaper building A definite number of the dead has yet to be
determined…evidence tampered with????
Great Migration AA leave the
South to go North (Land of Hope)
Looking to: Leave racism
behind Find jobs Better life in
general