Life for ManyAfrican-Americans

From 1870-1920

Why were African-Americans left out of the Progressive Era reforms?

Constitutional Amendments After the Civil War

13th – Prohibits Slavery 14th – Grants citizenship & “equal

protection under the law” to all citizens 15th – Grants all men the right to vote

NOT ENFORCED by late 1800’sPlessy v. Ferguson

I. Political Treatment

Poll Taxes Literacy Tests

Grandfather Clauses Intimidation & Violence

Closed primaries All these limit political participation of

blacks

Examples

Why did white leaders continue to limit the political power of African-Americans?

II. Economic Treatment

Sharecropping

1890

Domestic & Manual Jobs

DeFacto Segregation

How does economic oppressionperpetuate inequality?

Why do you think the U.S.government allowed thisviolation of the 14th Amendment?

III. Social Treatment

“Jim Crow” LawsBecame the norm

Lynchings

Lynchings continued to occur wellinto the 20th century. What does that show you?

IV. Reformers in ConflictBooker T. Washington W.E.B. Du Bois

Booker T Washington

What were Booker T Washington’s objectives and motivations?

(Brief biography…)

Tuskegee Institute

W.E.B. DuBois

Harvard PhD Civil Rights activist “talented 10th” of

blacks need to develop new strategies

Niagara Movement

&

NAACP

Niagara Movement

Full voting rights (1964/65) End to segregation (1954) Equal treatment in justice system (still not

fully realized…) Equal opportunity in military (1941) Equal opportunity in education (1964)

Ida B. Wells

Anti-lynching Editorials Sit-in Founding of NAACP

Ida B Wells…

Wilson’s In-action and Legacy

1913 intro formal segreg in gov’t

Showed Birth of a Nation

WWI served in large numbers

1919 Red Summer 1921 Tulsa Riots

Northern Migration

1.5 million 1910-1930 Moved to North and Midwest from the

South

– This would usher in a new phase in the evolution of civil rights for African-Americans

Harlem Renaissance