advances and vision in active road safety systems in the usa 3 rd conference on intelligent...
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Advances And Vision In Active Road Safety Systems In The USA
3rd Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems in Israel
Michael FreitasYgomi LLC
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Presentation Topics
• Safety Challenge
• Major Programs
Integrated Vehicle Based Safety Systems
Vehicle Infrastructure Integration
Cooperative Intersection Collision Avoidance Systems
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Safety Challenge in the U.S.
• 6 Million Crashes/Year Result In 42,000 fatalities/year Direct Costs - $230.6 Billion/year 25% of all congestion due to crashes
• Significant Progress Has Been Made In The Area Of Crash Worthiness
• Some Limited Progress On Active Crash Avoidance
• New Technologies Offer The Potential To Dramatically Reduce Crashes Improved and Integrated Autonomous
Systems Cooperative Systems
• U.S. DOT Actively Pursuing These Systems
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Integrated Vehicle Based Safety Systems (IVBSS)
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IVBSS Program Framework• Vision
All New Vehicles Would Be Equipped With Integrated Driver Assistance Systems That Help Drivers Avoid The Most Common Types Of Crashes:
• Background Builds On Development Of Existing Crash
Avoidance Technologies• Approach
Develop Technology-independent Performance Guidelines
Build And Test Prototype Vehicles Meeting These Guidelines
Determine Driver/Operator Acceptance And Real-world System Effectiveness.
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How does IVBSS work?• Integrated Systems Would Combine Features
Of Three Currently Available Crash Avoidance Systems Rear-end Road Departure Lane Change/Merge
• The Integrated System Detects Crash Threats Long- And Short-range Radar & Vision GPS/Map Matching Other Vehicle-level Signals Sensor Data Is Integrated For Threat Detection
• Driver Is Informed Of Threat Via A Driver Vehicle Interface (DVI)
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Integrated System Sensor Coverage
V
F
F
SS
L
R
SS
L
R
Yaw
GPS
Accel
Forward Radar SensorF
S Side Radar Sensor
Short Range Vision Sensor
Long Range Vision SensorL
V
Radar and vision sensor key:
R Rear Radar Sensor
Light Vehicle
Heavy Truck
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Program Timing and Vehicle Builds
EngineeringDevelopment
Vehicles
Prototype Vehicles
Pilot Vehicles
Extended Pilot FOT
FOTData
Collection
Nov ‘05 Nov ‘06 May ‘08 July ’08 Nov ’08 Apr ‘10
Phase I Phase II
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Field Operational Test• The FOT Data Collection
One Year Cars (10): Normal Drivers In Regular Use Trucks (20): Fleet User (Conway)
• Vehicles Have Onboard Systems To Collect Sensor Data Driver Behavior And Driving Conditions
Documented With Video• Partners And Independent Evaluator Analyze
Data And Determine Safety Benefits• FOT Will Evaluate Both System And DVI
Performance
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Safety/Human Factors Research Issues
• Multiple Threats And Prioritization Of Warnings How To Prioritize? How To Present To Get Optimal Response?
• Non-useful Warnings False Alarms – How Many Are Acceptable? Nuisance Warnings
E.G Object Detected, But Road Curves Away From It
E.G. Warns Driver Of Already-known Vehicle Premature And Weather Triggered Warnings
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Overall Status
• Schedule: Phase I Completed Phase II Underway
• Performance: LV System Performance Meets Requirements HV System Performance Meets Requirements
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Vehicle Infrastructure Integration (VII)
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VII Program FrameworkVision: The Establishment Of Vehicle To
Vehicle And Vehicle To Roadside Communication Capability Nationwide
Purpose: To Enable A Number Of New Services That Provide Significant Safety, Mobility, And Commercial Benefits
Objective: To Determine The Feasibility (Technical, Economic, Social/Political) Of Deploying VII
Milestone: A Deployment Strategy For VII
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VII Can Enable a Wide Range of Applications• Cooperative Safety Systems
Electronic Brake Light Assist Intersection Collision Avoidance Road Departure Warning In-vehicle Signing Wireless Vehicle Inspections
• Active Probe Vehicles• Highway Financing• Commercial Applications
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Concept of VII
Road SideUnit
On BoardUnit
Network
SubscriberApplications
5.9 DSRC
EndUser
Vehicle Data
Driver Interface
On BoardUnit
Driver
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Issues Effecting Deployment
Several Key Issues Will Have to BeResolved:• Technical Implementation• Institutional Issues• Business Models/Deployment Strategies
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VII Development and Test Environment • Detroit, Michigan Metropolitan Area• Proof of Concept (POC) Testing and
Application Integration• 60 RSEs – 30+ DSRC Equipped Vehicles• POC Applications
Collision Avoidance Electronic Brake Warning Traveler Information Electronic Payment Weather Information Roadway Maintenance
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POC Test Results
• POC Testing To Date Indicates That The Majority Of The Original Technical Viability Criteria Can Be Met With The Current Architecture.
• Changes To The Standards And Technical Enhancements Will Be Required.
• To Date, The Development And Test Teams Have Found No Major Technical Obstacles To Deployment Of The VII System Concept As Original Envisioned.
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Institutional Issues
• Privacy Policies Framework Privacy Principles Privacy Limits
• Liability• Governance
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Business Issues
• How VII Gets Deployed• Who Pays• How Is VII Managed Over The Long Term• Tentative Conclusions
A Market Driven Deployment Not Feasible National Deployment Required A Business Entity Is Needed To Manage VII
• Options Public Sector Model
Federal Funding, Government Deployed And Operated
Private Sector Model Revenue Stream Public Sector Applications
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Future Activities
• Safetrip-21 Operational Field Test• Next Phases
Research In The Areas Of Enabling Technology, Institutional Issues, And Applications To Support Deployment
V-V Safety Application Development Monitoring And Assessing Future
Technologies For Reducing Costs And Enhancing System Performance.
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Cooperative Intersection Collision Avoidance Systems
(CICAS)
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CICAS Program Framework
• Goal: To Significantly Reduce The Number And Severity Of Intersection Related Crashes
• Background: Every Year At Intersections:
9,500 Fatalities 1.3 Million Injuries 2.6 Million Crashes $97 Billion (Comprehensive Cost)
• Objectives: To Develop And Demonstrate The Effectiveness Of
Cooperative Intersection Collision Avoidance Systems To Assess The Value And Acceptance Of Cooperative
Collision Avoidance Systems To Develop And Provide Tools To Support Industry
Deployments
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CICAS Crossing Path Scenarios
• A Subset Of The Overall Intersection Problem, That Includes:
• Violation Warning Traffic Signal Stop Sign
• Safe Gap Assessment Stop Sign Assist (SSA) Signalized Left Turn Assist (SLTA)
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Violations Warning Program Elements• Primary Focus Of CICAS Program• To Determine The Optimal Warning System
(Type And Timing) And Quantify Effectiveness In Preventing Crashes
• Major Products Performance Specs/Objective Test
Procedures Prototype System For Field Testing Field Test Results On Effectiveness, User
Acceptance, And Unintended Consequences
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Status
• Performance Specifications Developed
• Prototype System Developed And Tested
• Full Scale Field Operational Test Being Reconsidered Integrate Into Future Vii Field Tests
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CICAS Stop Sign AssistProgram Elements and Status• Prototype System Has Been Installed At
Test Intersection • Objective Testing Is On-going • Approximately 60 People From The Local
Area Will Drive Through The Intersection In An “Equipped” Vehicle
• Driver Behavior And User Acceptance Will Be Recorded
• Results From Objective Field Test Will Be Used To Fine Tune Algorithm
• Project Is Nearly Ready For A Full FOT
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CICAS Signalized Left Turn AssistProgram Elements and Status• Laboratory Test Site Has Been Upgraded
With SMS Radars And COTS Sensors For Increased Accuracy
• Work Continues On Algorithm Development • Field Observations Of Traffic Turning
Movements Continue At Test Intersection Using Laser Scanner And Radar
• Laboratory Test Site Is Now Being Prepared For Human Factors Testing
• Pilot FOT At The Laboratory Test Site Planned For Early Next Year.
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2008 ITS World Congress and ITSA Annual Meeting
Jacob K. Javits Convention CenterNovember 16-20, 2008
New York Citywww.itsworldcongress.org