advanced fire fighting
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imo advanced fire fightingTRANSCRIPT
TRAINEES HANDOUTS
ADVANCED TRAINING IN FIRE FIGHTING
CONSTANTA 2010
TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.1-1 Introduction, safety and principles.................................................................. 5 INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................... 5 1.1-2 Introduction, safety and principles.................................................................. 6 INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................... 6 1.1-3 Introduction, safety and principles.................................................................. 7 INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................... 7 1.1-4 Introduction, safety and principles.................................................................. 8 INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................... 8 1.1-5 Introduction, safety and principles.................................................................. 9 PRINCIPLES OF SURVIVAL IN RELATION TO FIRE............................................ 9 1.1-6 Introduction, safety and principles................................................................ 10 CONDITION FOR FIRE ........................................................................................ 10 1.1-7 Introduction, safety and principles................................................................ 11 THE FIRE SQUARE AND THE FIRE TRIANGLE ................................................. 11 1.1-8 Introduction, safety and principles................................................................ 12 COMBUSTIBLE SUBSTANCE.............................................................................. 12 1.1-9 Introduction, safety and principles................................................................ 13 1.1-10 Introduction, safety and principles.............................................................. 14 FIRE EXTINGUISHING-1...................................................................................... 14 1.1-11 Introduction, safety and principles.............................................................. 15 FIRE EXTINGUISHING-2...................................................................................... 15 1.1-12 Introduction, safety and principles.............................................................. 16 FIRE EXTINGUISHING AGENTS ......................................................................... 16 1.1-13 Introduction, safety and principles.............................................................. 17 SPREAD OF FIRE ................................................................................................ 17 1.1-14 Introduction, safety and principles.............................................................. 18 MATERIAL PROPERTIES .................................................................................... 18 1.2-1 Areas of fire hazard...................................................................................... 19 Areas of fire hazard ............................................................................................... 19 1.2-2 Areas of fire hazard...................................................................................... 20 FIRE HAZARDS IN ENGINE-ROOM .................................................................... 20 1.2-3 Areas of fire hazard...................................................................................... 21 FIRE HAZARDS IN THE GALLEY: ....................................................................... 21 1.2-4 Areas of fire hazard...................................................................................... 22 FIRE HAZARDS IN ACCOMMODATION:............................................................. 22 1.2-5 Areas of fire hazard...................................................................................... 23 FIRE HAZARD FROM CARGOES: ....................................................................... 23 1.3-1 FIRE PRECAUTIONS .................................................................................. 24 FIRE PRECAUTIONS: .......................................................................................... 24
1.3-2 FIRE PRECAUTIONS .................................................................................. 25 FIRE-FIGHTING PROCESS HAZARDS ............................................................... 25 1.3-3 FIRE PRECAUTIONS .................................................................................. 26 FIRE DEVELOPMENT .......................................................................................... 26 1.3-4 FIRE PRECAUTIONS .................................................................................. 27 CLASSIFICATIONS OF FIRES............................................................................. 27 1.3-5 FIRE PRECAUTIONS .................................................................................. 28 APPROPRIATE EXTINGUISHING AGENTS........................................................ 28 1.4 Dry distillation .................................................................................................. 29 DRY DISTILLATION:............................................................................................. 29 1.5 Chemical reactions.......................................................................................... 30 CHEMICAL REACTIONS...................................................................................... 30 1.6 Boiler uptake fires and exhaust fires in prime movers and auxiliary exhausts. 31 BOILER UPTAKE FIRES ...................................................................................... 31 1.7 Fires in water-tube boilers ............................................................................... 32 FIRES IN WATER-TUBE BOILERS ...................................................................... 32 1.8-1 Tactics and procedure of fire control while ship is at sea ............................. 33 procedure of fire control while ship is at sea.......................................................... 33 1.8-2 Tactics and procedure of fire control while ship is at sea ............................. 34 DAMAGE CONTROL AND CONTAINMENT OF FIRE................................................... 34 1.9 Tactics and procedure of fire control while ship is in port ................................ 35 ADITIONAL procedure of fire control while ship is in port ..................................... 35 1.11 Tactics and procedure of fire control for oiL, chemical and gas tankers ........ 36 procedure of fire control for oiL, chemical and gas tankers ................................... 36 1.12-1 Use of water for fire extinguishing, the effect on stability, precautions and corrective procedures............................................................................................ 37 WATER THE MAIN FIRE-FIGHTING MEDIUM .................................................... 37 1.12-2 Use of water for fire extinguishing, the effect on stability, precautions and corrective procedures............................................................................................ 38 WATER DISADVANTAGES .................................................................................. 38 1.13-1 Communication and co-ordination during fire-fighting operations .............. 39 SHIP FIRE-FIGHTING ORGANIZATION................................................................. 39 1.13-2 Communication and co-ordination during fire-fighting operations .............. 40 INFORMATION TO BRIDGE................................................................................. 40 1.13-2 Communication and co-ordination during fire-fighting operations .............. 41 INFORMATION TO BRIDGE................................................................................. 41 1.17 Management and control of injured persons ................................................. 42 FIRST AID MAIN HAZARDS................................................................................. 42 2.2 Composition and allocation of personnel to fire parties ................................... 43 ORGANIZATION OF FIRE PARTIES.................................................................... 43 2.3-1 Training of seafarers in fire-fighting.............................................................. 44 TRAINING OF SEAFARERS................................................................................. 44 2.3-1 Training of seafarers in fire-fighting.............................................................. 45 TRAINING OF FIRE PARTIES.............................................................................. 45 2.5 Organization of fire and abandon ship drills ................................................ 46 FIRE DRILLS......................................................................................................... 46
4.1-1 Fire investigation and reporting .................................................................... 47 INVESTIGATION-1 ............................................................................................... 47 4.1-2 Fire investigation and reporting .................................................................... 48 INVESTIGATION-2 ............................................................................................... 48 4.1-3 Fire investigation and reporting .................................................................... 49 INVESTIGATION-3 ............................................................................................... 49 4.1-4 Fire investigation and reporting .................................................................... 50 REPORT-1 ............................................................................................................ 50 4.1-5 Fire investigation and reporting .................................................................... 51 REPORT-2 ............................................................................................................ 51 4.1-6 Fire investigation and reporting .................................................................... 52 REPORT CONCLUSION ...................................................................................... 52
1.1-1 INTRODUCTION, SAFETY AND PRINCIPLES
INTRODUCTION
1.1-2 INTRODUCTION, SAFETY AND PRINCIPLES
INTRODUCTION
1.1-3 INTRODUCTION, SAFETY AND PRINCIPLES
INTRODUCTION
1.1-4 INTRODUCTION, SAFETY AND PRINCIPLES
INTRODUCTION
1.1-5 INTRODUCTION, SAFETY AND PRINCIPLES
PRINCIPLES OF SURVIVAL IN RELATION TO FIRE
1. Knowledge of fire theory 2. Regular training 3. Preparedness for fire emergency 4. Knowledge of escape routes 5. Knowledge of dangers 6. Regular inspection and maintenance
1.1-6 INTRODUCTION, SAFETY AND PRINCIPLES
CONDITION FOR FIRE
ATOMS MOLECULES
O - Oxygen O2 - Oxygen gas
C - Carbon CH4 - Methane ga
H - Hydrogen H2O - Water
N - Nitrogen NH3 - Ammonia
OXIDATION: CHEMICAL REACTION (COMBUSTION) WITH OXYGEN
GENERATES HEAT OXIDATION AT HIGH TEMPERATURE: CREATES LIGHT
(FIRE)
1.1-7 INTRODUCTION, SAFETY AND PRINCIPLES
THE FIRE SQUARE AND THE FIRE TRIANGLE
1.1-8 INTRODUCTION, SAFETY AND PRINCIPLES
COMBUSTIBLE SUBSTANCE
COMBUSTIBLE SUBSTANCE: CONTAINS CARBON AND HYDROGEN
OXYGEN: AIR CONTAINS 21 PER CENT BY VOLUME
HEAT: FLAMMABILITY OF THE COMBUSTIBLE SUBSTANCE DECIDES AMOUNT OF HEAT TO OBTAIN IGNITION
CHAIN REACTION: EXOTHERMIC REACTION, GENERATES HEAT
1.1-9 INTRODUCTION, SAFETY AND PRINCIPLES
CONDITION FOR FIRE
1.1-10 INTRODUCTION, SAFETY AND PRINCIPLES
FIRE EXTINGUISHING-1
COMBUSTIBLE SUBSTANCE: SEPARATING, COVERING, REMOVING
OXYGEN: SMOTHERING, COVERING
HEAT: COOLING
CHAIN REACTION: INHIBITING
1.1-11 INTRODUCTION, SAFETY AND PRINCIPLES
FIRE EXTINGUISHING-2
1.1-12 INTRODUCTION, SAFETY AND PRINCIPLES
FIRE EXTINGUISHING AGENTS
1.1-13 INTRODUCTION, SAFETY AND PRINCIPLES
SPREAD OF FIRE
1. Conduction 2. Radiation 3. Heat flow 4. Convection currents
1.1-14 INTRODUCTION, SAFETY AND PRINCIPLES
MATERIAL PROPERTIES
1. Flammability 2. Ignition point 3. Burning temperature 4. Burning speed 5. Thermal value 6. Lower flammable limit (LFL) 7. Upper flammable limit (UFL) 8. Flammable range 9. Flashpoint 10. Autoignition
1.2-1 AREAS OF FIRE HAZARD
AREAS OF FIRE HAZARD
1. MACHINERY SPACES 2. ACCOMMODATION 3. GALLEYS 4. RADIO ROOM, BATTERY ROOM AND
ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT 5. CARGO HOLDS 6. STORE ROOMS
Causes
1. Containment 2. Detection 3. Fire-fighting
1.2-2 AREAS OF FIRE HAZARD
FIRE HAZARDS IN ENGINE-ROOM
1. Combustible liquids 2. Oil-soaked insulation 3. Hot surfaces 4. Hot work
1.2-3 AREAS OF FIRE HAZARD
FIRE HAZARDS IN THE GALLEY:
1. Combustible liquids 2. Hot surfaces 3. Electrical equipment
1.2-4 AREAS OF FIRE HAZARD
FIRE HAZARDS IN ACCOMMODATION:
1. Combustible materials 2. Cigarette smoking 3. Electrical equipment
1.2-5 AREAS OF FIRE HAZARD
FIRE HAZARD FROM CARGOES:
1. Spontaneous combustion 2. Oxidizing cargoes 3. Compressed flammable gas 4. Reactive cargoes 5. Explosives
1.3-1 FIRE PRECAUTIONS
FIRE PRECAUTIONS:
1. Constructional provisions 2. Fire-fighting equipment and systems 3. Operations 4. Organization 5. Procedures at repair yard
1.3-2 FIRE PRECAUTIONS
FIRE-FIGHTING PROCESS HAZARDS
1. DRY DISTILLATION 2. CHEMICAL REACTIONS 3. BOILER UPTAKE FIRES 4. FIRES IN WATER-TUBE BOILERS
1.3-3 FIRE PRECAUTIONS
FIRE DEVELOPMENT
1. Ignition (incipient) 2. Developing (surface) 3. Absolute (deep-seated) 4. Burning out
1.3-4 FIRE PRECAUTIONS
CLASSIFICATIONS OF FIRES
IS03941/EN2 NFPA10
A Fixed materialsA
B Liquids
B C Gases
- Energized electrical equipment C
D Metals D
1.3-5 FIRE PRECAUTIONS
APPROPRIATE EXTINGUISHING AGENTS
1.4 DRY DISTILLATION
DRY DISTILLATION:
1. Burning with insufficient oxygen 2. Incomplete combustion
Example:
Fire inside a closed cabin Special fire-fighting technique required
1.5 CHEMICAL REACTIONS
CHEMICAL REACTIONS Some chemicals may react with fire-fighting media Effects:
- Explosion - Spontaneous combustion - Toxic fumes, smoke
1.6 BOILER UPTAKE FIRES AND EXHAUST FIRES IN PRIME MOVERS AND
AUXILIARY EXHAUSTS
BOILER UPTAKE FIRES
1. In exhaust pipes, economizers, waste-heat boilers
2. Caused by carbon deposits 3. Difficult and hazardous firefighting 4. Correct procedure for containing and
extinguishing the fire
1.7 FIRES IN WATER-TUBE BOILERS
FIRES IN WATER-TUBE BOILERS
1. Iron-in-steam fire 2. Below 700 °C, use fire-fighting
procedure 3. Above 700 "C, use procedure for
containing and extinguishing
1.8-1 TACTICS AND PROCEDURE OF FIRE CONTROL WHILE SHIP IS AT SEA
PROCEDURE OF FIRE CONTROL WHILE SHIP IS AT SEA
1. Fire alarm initiated 2. Crew assembled at fire stations 3. Fire parties assembled and
prepared for action 4. Ship's course and speed altered 5. Fire pumps started 6. Fire fighting initiated
1.8-2 TACTICS AND PROCEDURE OF FIRE CONTROL WHILE SHIP IS AT SEA
DAMAGE CONTROL AND CONTAINMENT OF FIRE
1. Bridge-operated watertight doors and fire doors
2. Stopping of ventilation fans 3. Closing of fire dampers 4. Closing of windows and portholes 5. Turning ship 6. Cooling hot spots 7. Fire-watch
1.9 TACTICS AND PROCEDURE OF FIRE CONTROL WHILE SHIP IS IN PORT
ADITIONAL PROCEDURE OF FIRE CONTROL WHILE SHIP IS IN PORT
1. Call the port fire brigade 2. Inform port authority 3. Confirm that the master is in charge 4. Confirm that port fire brigade will
take charge 5. Port authority to inform of hazards to
the dock installations 6. Evacuate non-essential personnel
1.11 TACTICS AND PROCEDURE OF FIRE CONTROL FOR OIL, CHEMICAL AND GAS
TANKERS
PROCEDURE OF FIRE CONTROL FOR OIL, CHEMICAL AND GAS TANKERS
1. Fixed fire-extinguishing system in pump room
2. Foam system on deck 3. Inert-gas system in cargo tanks 4. Isolation valves in fire main 5. Identified gas-dangerous spaces 6. Strict segregation between areas
1.12-1 USE OF WATER FOR FIRE EXTINGUISHING, THE EFFECT ON STABILITY, PRECAUTIONS AND
CORRECTIVE PROCEDURES
WATER THE MAIN FIRE-FIGHTING MEDIUM
1. Available 2. Cooling effect 3. Smothering action of water and
steam
1.12-2 USE OF WATER FOR FIRE EXTINGUISHING, THE EFFECT ON STABILITY, PRECAUTIONS AND
CORRECTIVE PROCEDURES
WATER DISADVANTAGES
1. Water damage 2. Endangering stability 3. Danger to electrical systems 4. Danger to some cargoes
1.13-1 COMMUNICATION AND CO-ORDINATION DURING FIRE-FIGHTING
OPERATIONS
SHIP FIRE-FIGHTING ORGANIZATION
1. Control station on bridge 2. The master is in charge 3. Fire officers communicate with the
bridge 4. Methods of damage control and
containment 5. Monitoring of ship stability 6. Organization of fire parties
1.13-2 COMMUNICATION AND CO-ORDINATION DURING FIRE-FIGHTING
OPERATIONS
INFORMATION TO BRIDGE
1. Time of fire alarm 2. Position and nature of fire 3. Information on fire parties 4. Pressurization of fire main 5. Reports on fire fighting 6. Effect of fire 7. Persons unaccounted for
1.13-2 COMMUNICATION AND CO-ORDINATION DURING FIRE-FIGHTING
OPERATIONS
INFORMATION TO BRIDGE
1. Arrangement drawings 2. Details of accesses and escapes 3. Details of fire-extinguishing
equipment 4. Stability information 5. Survival equipment 6. Stowage plans 7. Information on dangerous goods
1.17 MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL OF INJURED PERSONS
FIRST AID MAIN HAZARDS
1. Asphyxiation (oxygen shortage) 2. Poisoning 3. (CO, toxic gases) 4. Damaged tissues 5. Burnt skin 6. Pain 7. Secondary shock
2.2 COMPOSITION AND ALLOCATION OF PERSONNEL TO FIRE PARTIES
ORGANIZATION OF FIRE PARTIES
1. Identification of a fire party 2. Identification of each member of a
fire party 3. Co-operation between members 4. Duties of each fire party
2.3-1 TRAINING OF SEAFARERS IN FIRE-FIGHTING
TRAINING OF SEAFARERS
ON BOARD TRAINING:
1. Location and use of fire extinguishers
2. Location and use of fixed fire-extinguishing appliances
3. Location and use of fireman's outfit
2.3-1 TRAINING OF SEAFARERS IN FIRE-FIGHTING
TRAINING OF FIRE PARTIES
1. Duties of each fire party 2. Duties of each member of a fire
party 3. Exercises, including first-aid
2.5 ORGANIZATION OF FIRE AND ABANDON SHIP DRILLS
FIRE DRILLS
1. Emergency generator 2. Emergency fire pump 3. Emergency bilge pump 4. Emergency shut-off controls 5. Finding the way in smoke 6. Finding and removing casualties 7. UseofCABA 8. Simulated fires
4.1-1 FIRE INVESTIGATION AND REPORTING
INVESTIGATION-1
1. How the fire was discovered 2. The time at which the fire alarm was
given 3. How the alarm was given 4. The time at which the master or other
officer was informed 5. The position and nature of the fire 6. Who was first on the scene 7. What actions were taken for the iniţial
attempt to extinguish the fire
4.1-2 FIRE INVESTIGATION AND REPORTING
INVESTIGATION-2
8. How many firefighter's outfits with compressed air operated breathing apparatus (CABA) were used
9. What appliances were used, both portable and fixed
10. What manpower was used 11. At what time the fire was extinguished 12. The number of casualties, with details
of those injured and the nature of injuries 13. What damage was caused, including
any to the structure and fittings of the ship
4.1-3 FIRE INVESTIGATION AND REPORTING
INVESTIGATION-3
14. An estimate of what proportion of the damage was caused by the fire extinguishing media, e.g. Water or foam, as compared to that directly caused by the fire
15. For how long after the fire was extinguished was a fire watch maintained
16. To what extent the ship or any part of it, e.g. The engine room, was immobilized because of the fire
17. An analysis of the fire, the materials which were burning, the known or probable source of ignition and the cause
18. Conclusions on the cause of the fire and recommendations for avoiding a recurrence
4.1-4 FIRE INVESTIGATION AND REPORTING
REPORT-1
The report on the investigation will include these details of the fire-fighting procedures:
1. the occurrence and a timetable of the fire
2. the actions taken and the time of each action
3. the facts concerning the fire, including its site, materials and ignition
4. the fire-extinguishing appliances required for fighting the fire and the numbers of each type used
4.1-5 FIRE INVESTIGATION AND REPORTING
REPORT-2
5. the number of crew and shore firemen (if appropriate) engaged in fighting the fire
6. the number of firefighter's outfits and CABA used
7. the damage caused by the fire 8. the damage caused by the fire-
extinguishing media 9. the extent to which the ship or its
services were immobilized by the fire
4.1-6 FIRE INVESTIGATION AND REPORTING
REPORT CONCLUSION
The conclusions from the facts established, including:
1. an analysis and discussion of the facts
2. the conclusions reached from this analysis and discussion
3. recommendations on the actions required to avoid a recurrence
4. recommendations, if any, to improve fire prevention and fire-fighting procedures