advanced composite materials for leo space application

7/28/2019 Advanced Composite Materials for Leo Space Application

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Advanced Composite Materialsfor LEO Space Application Special Environments Background

9 Light weight and extraordinary optical, thermal, electrical &

mechanical characteristics

Hazardous LEO space environment effects on composites

9 Damage on composite structures and components

LEO resistant composites is to be developed

Objective and Scope

Space structuresoperating in LEO

Development of Advanced Composite Materials for Space ApplicatioDevelopment of Advanced Composite Materials for Space Applicationn

LEO space environment Development of nano-sized fillers reinforced nanocomposites

simulation facility

Investi at ion of LEO s ace environment characteristics after LEO

Selection of LEO resistant nano-fillers

Understanding of the LEO

s ace environment effects

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exposureon typical composites


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LEO Space EnvironmentSimulation Special Environments LEO space environment simulation facility

~ -6-

UV radiation (< 200nm)

-

AO exposure (AO flux = 4.5x10-16 atoms/cm2s)

UV Lamp Plasma Chamber

Mass Flow Controller

RF Power Supply

Ar

O2

Orifice4.0x10

14

4.2x1014

gas flow rate : 5 sccm

O2

: Ar = 0.9 : 0.1

(atoms/cm

3)

O3

60

80

100

120

)

Quartz

Halogen

Lamp

specimen

Refrigerator

2.0x1013

4.0x1013

3.8x1014

Neutraldensity

O2

O2*

O*

Ar

Ar*

-40

-20

0

20

Temperature(oC

LEO Space Environment

Copper plate

Main Vacuum Chamber150 200 250 300 350 400

0.0

RF power (Watt)

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

-80

-60

Time(min)

lower side

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Simulation Facility, KAISTAO f lux analysis Thermal cyc ling


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LEO Space Environment Characteristicsof Nano-Composites Special Environments Fabrication of nano-fillers reinforced composites

2 3

LEO environment characteristics of nano-composites50nmMWNTs

Al2O3nanotubes

reinforcement of LEO resistant nano-fillersNano-fillers used

6

8

10

oss(%)

60

70

80

90

100

(MPa)

unexposed

exposed

2

4

TotalMassL

10

20

30

40

50

TensileStrength

Epoxy 0.2 wt % 0.5 wt % 1.0 wt %0

MWNT concentration

Enhancement of tensile strength by MWNT Mass loss reduction by MWNT addition

01.00.50.20.0

MWNT concentration (wt.%)

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Development of Composite Materialsfor Cryotanks Special Environments Background

Light weight structure is a primary concern for the storages of launch vehicles

There are some dramatic changes in composite properties and their performances under

cryogenic environments

such as cycling/aging process

Ob ective & Sco es

Development of CFRP

composite material systems

Selection of adhesive for

cryogenic use

Cryotank

structures

manufacturing processes

Investigation on the actual

composites

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Evaluation of Composite Propertiesat Cryogenic temperature Special Environments Development of CFRP composite material system

for cryogenic use

Bonding characteristics of adhesives between

composite and metal liner for TYPE-III tanks

120

140

160

180

200

0.8%1.1% 2.1%

5.5%2.9%

3.8% 6.2%2.0%

-5.4%

5.9%8.3%2.3%

s(GPa)

CU125NS (Baseline)

Type A Type B Type C

Type D Type E Type F

2000

2500

3000

3500

-0.3%

7.1%

-2.4%

-13.6%

-1.6%5.0%

5.9%

-3.1% -4.0%

-10.7%-11.4%-9.3%

h(MPa)

CU125NS (Baseline)

Type A Type B Type C

Type D Type E Type F

0

20

40

60

80

6-cycled to -150o

C6-cycled at RT

Stiffnes

0

500

1000

1500

6-cycled to -150o

C6-cycled at RT

S

trengt

60

70

80

at -150oCBondex606

EA9696

FM73

60

70

80

at RTBondex606EA9696

FM73

10

20

30

40

50

Strength(MPa)

10

20

30

40

50

Strength(MPa)

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< - aw ens e gr p or -cyc ng>0

JointJoint BulkBulkJointBulk0

JointJointBulkBulkJoint

Bulk


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Cryogenic Behaviors ofComposite/Aluminum Ring Specimen Special Environments

Tensile response of ring specimen at -150oC using split-disk

Different stiffness around the composite ring due to friction

and bending effects

Residual strain in ring with aluminum-liner after first cycles

60

160

180

200

220 at RT

at -150oC

Pa)

40

501st cycle2nd cycle

3rd cycle

4th cycle5th cycle

6th cycle)

60

80

100

120

140

Stiffness(

20

30

Burst curve

Load(k

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 900

20

40

Degree from split line ()

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.00

10

Strain (%)

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LN2 Storage and PressurizationTest of Prototype Cryotank Special EnvironmentsExperimental procedure

GN2 ressurization 250 si-500

0

. . .

leak test

LN2 storin-1500

-1000

Strain()

ESG 1ESG 2

GN2 pressurization (250psi)0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

-2000

Time (min)

ESG 4

-0.05

0.00

Strain

behavior

Temperature -0.20

-0.15

-0.10

Strain(%)

-80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60-0.30

-0.25

X (mm)

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Carbon Nanotube(CNT)-ReinforcedComposites Special Environments Background

3 MECHANICAL

High performance compositesHigh performance compositesCoatingsCoatings wearwear--resistant and lowresistant and low--frictionfriction

3 ELECTRICAL

Electrically Conductive CompositeElectrically Conductive Composite- Electrostatic Dissipation

pp ca on opp ca on o

High performance fibersHigh performance fibers

Reinforced ceramic composites

3 THERMALThermallThermall --conducti ve ol mer com os itesconductive ol mer com osites

- Shielding

- Conductive sealants

Energy Storage

- Super Capacitors

ThermallyThermally--conductive paints & coatingsconductive paints & coatings

3 FIELD EMISSIONFlat Panel Displays

Electron device cathodes

- ue ce s

Electronic Materials & DevicesElectronic Materials & Devices

- Conductive inks and adhesives

- Electronic packaging

- Device and microcircuit components

Lightingar on nano u ear on nano u e

Objective & Scope Investigation of properties of CNT/polymer nanocomposites and CNT-added fiber-

reinforced composites.

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pp ca on o e eve ope compos es o var ous s ruc ures.


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CNT/Epoxy Composites: Mechanical Properties Special Environments MWNT-added glass/epoxy fabric composites : mechanical properties

9 MWNTs were localized in matrix rich region and interfaces between warps & fills.

9 Mechanical properties increased due to MWNT addition.

MWNT

Glass fiber (warp)

Glass fiber (fill)

Microstructure of 1.0 wt% MWNT-added fabric composites

Mechanical Test MWNT contents Chan e %

Tensile st iffness MWNT0.4 9.3 %

Tensile s trength MWNT0.4 12.2 %

Compressive strength MWNT1.3 11.5 %

Shear stif fness MWNT0.7 7.6 %

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IL . . Shear strength MWNT0.7 4.9 %


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Cryogenic Use: Improvement of Crack Resistance Special Environments Thermal stress induced at fiber/matrix interface and

between laminae micro-crack under cryogenic environment10

1100

1200

/cm)

2)

Carbon nanotube (CNT)

Improvement ofcrack resistance through interlocking and bridging

effect 4

6

700

800

900

1000

sity(microcrack

ughness,

GI(

J/m

Cryogenic fracturesCryogenic fractures

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.70

2

0

500

600

Microcrackde

Microcrack density

Fractureto

Fracture toughness

wt% of MWNT

MWNT Fracture Crack

CNT effectsCNT effects

(wt%) toughness density

0.0 - -

0.2 30% 18%0.7 32% 28%

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n er oc ng

advanced composite materials for leo space application

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