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LTE WLAN B OO LTE, WLAN, BLUET OO TH AND FUTURE FUTURE Aditya K. Jagannatham Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Commonwealth of Learning Vancouver MOOC on M4D 2013

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Page 1: Aditya K. Jagannatham Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur … · 2019-11-13 · Aditya K. Jagannatham Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur ... Internet Device Device WiFi Device

LTE WLAN B OOLTE, WLAN, BLUETOOTH ANDFUTUREFUTURE

Aditya K. JagannathamIndian Institute of Technology KanpurIndian Institute of Technology KanpurCommonwealth of Learning Vancouver

MOOC on M4D 2013

Page 2: Aditya K. Jagannatham Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur … · 2019-11-13 · Aditya K. Jagannatham Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur ... Internet Device Device WiFi Device

4G LTE4G LTE• LTE (Long Term Evolution) is the 4G wireless cellular standard developed by the 3GPP (3rdG i P hi P j )Generation Partnership Project) alliance

• 3GPP is the group which also oversaw the development of 

(UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System) S d dStandard– In that sense LTE is an Evolution of UMTS

MOOC on M4D 2013

UMTS

Page 3: Aditya K. Jagannatham Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur … · 2019-11-13 · Aditya K. Jagannatham Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur ... Internet Device Device WiFi Device

LTELTE

• The corresponding evolution of the core network comprising of the GPRS/3G Packet p gcore is termed as SAE (System Architecture Evolution)Evolution)

MOOC on M4D 2013

Page 4: Aditya K. Jagannatham Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur … · 2019-11-13 · Aditya K. Jagannatham Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur ... Internet Device Device WiFi Device

Aims of LTEAims of LTE

• LTE is mainly aimed at meeting the high demand for data access over wireless networks

• These include applications such as• These include applications such as– Online Gaming with Multimedia– Mobile TV– Broadband content streaming such as videos, g ,movies etc

MOOC on M4D 2013

Page 5: Aditya K. Jagannatham Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur … · 2019-11-13 · Aditya K. Jagannatham Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur ... Internet Device Device WiFi Device

LTE Timeline

2000 3GPP Release 99 Air Interface

2001 3GPP Release 4/ Deployed in Japan2001 3GPP Release 4/ Deployed in Japan

2002 3GPP Release 5, IMS, HSDPA, Commercial Deployment in Europe

2004 3GPP Release 6, HSDPA, MBMS, Work started on LTE

2007 3GPP Release 7,  HSPA+, VOIP

2008 Preliminary version with Release 8

2010 Targeted first deployment

MOOC on M4D 2013

2010 Targeted first deployment

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Cellular Data Rate EvolutionCellular Data Rate Evolution3GPP R99 3GPP R5 3GPP R6 3GPP R7 3GPP R8

LTE: 160 MbpsHSPA: 42 Mbps

LTE: 50 Mbps

28 MbpsDL Peak Rate

14 Mbps11 Mbps

DL Peak Rate

0.4 Mbps

14 Mbps 5.7 Mbps

MOOC on M4D 2013

p

0.4 Mbps

0.4 Mbps UL Peak Rate

Page 7: Aditya K. Jagannatham Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur … · 2019-11-13 · Aditya K. Jagannatham Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur ... Internet Device Device WiFi Device

LTE FeaturesLTE Features• Based on OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division ( g q yMultiplexing)– Built for High Speed broadband Wireless Accessg p

• High spectral Efficiency – Up to 6 bits/ symbol (64 QAM)( Q )

• Very high data rates – Approximately 200‐ 300 Mbps in the downlink and 50‐100 Mbps in theMbps in the downlink and 50 100 Mbps in the uplink

• Supports TDD (Time Division Duplexing) and• Supports TDD (Time Division Duplexing) and Frequency Division Duplexing

MOOC on M4D 2013

Page 8: Aditya K. Jagannatham Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur … · 2019-11-13 · Aditya K. Jagannatham Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur ... Internet Device Device WiFi Device

LTE FeaturesLTE Features• Bandwidth Scalability – 1 4 MHz to 20 MHzBandwidth Scalability  1.4 MHz to 20 MHz, depending on availability of spectrum

• Supports multiple and Advanced antenna processing.p g– In particular, MIMO can be used to achieve high data ratesdata rates

• All interfaces and backhaul based on IP– Easy to integrate with existing internet based service infrastructure

MOOC on M4D 2013

Page 9: Aditya K. Jagannatham Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur … · 2019-11-13 · Aditya K. Jagannatham Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur ... Internet Device Device WiFi Device

LTE FeaturesLTE Features• QoS Aspects – Ensures strict quality of serviceQoS Aspects  Ensures strict quality of service compliance with all services such as voice quality video quality delay and latency inquality, video quality, delay and latency in video streaming etc

• Seamless roaming over existing 2G and 3G networks– Backward compatibility where 4G infrastructure does not existdoes not exist

MOOC on M4D 2013

Page 10: Aditya K. Jagannatham Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur … · 2019-11-13 · Aditya K. Jagannatham Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur ... Internet Device Device WiFi Device

WILRELESS LAN – WIFI, 802.11 STANDARDS,

MOOC on M4D 2013

Page 11: Aditya K. Jagannatham Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur … · 2019-11-13 · Aditya K. Jagannatham Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur ... Internet Device Device WiFi Device

Wireless LANWireless LAN• With LANs (Local Area Networks), primarily p ybased on Ethernet, becoming popular in the late 90s the stage was set for thelate 90s, the stage was set for the development of wireless LANs

A th i li i t ti f LAN d– As the name implies, integration of LAN and wireless technologies

• Provide flexibility and mobility in indoor environment

MOOC on M4D 2013

Page 12: Aditya K. Jagannatham Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur … · 2019-11-13 · Aditya K. Jagannatham Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur ... Internet Device Device WiFi Device

WiFi ArchitectureWiFi ArchitectureWiFi

WiFi

Wireless LAN

Internet Device WiFiDevice

WiFiDevice

WiFiWiFiDevice

WiFiDevice

ADSL ModemDevice

WiFiDevice

WiFiAccessP i

MOOC on M4D 2013

WiFiDevice

PointServer

Page 13: Aditya K. Jagannatham Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur … · 2019-11-13 · Aditya K. Jagannatham Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur ... Internet Device Device WiFi Device

Wireless LANWireless LAN

• Typically operate in Unlicensed bands such as – ISM (Industrial, Scientific, Medical) band( , , )– U‐NII (Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure) bandInfrastructure) band

• This unlicensed nature allows for d l d d l b l i ldevelopment and deployment by multiple operators, vendors– Especially for educational and medical purposes

MOOC on M4D 2013

Page 14: Aditya K. Jagannatham Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur … · 2019-11-13 · Aditya K. Jagannatham Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur ... Internet Device Device WiFi Device

WLANWLAN

• WLANs can provide connectivity in hotspot areas, homes, offices etc.

• Typical settings includeC ff h i t t it h b f– Coffee shops, airports, transit hubs, conferences

– Universities, Schools, educational institutions– Offices, government institutions, Homes, community centres

MOOC on M4D 2013

Page 15: Aditya K. Jagannatham Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur … · 2019-11-13 · Aditya K. Jagannatham Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur ... Internet Device Device WiFi Device

802 11 Standards802.11 Standards

• WLANs are predominantly dominated by 802.11x based devices also termed as WiFi.

• The development of 802.11 suite of standards was led by IEEE (Institute ofstandards was led by IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)

• Various 802.11 standards are summarized in the next slide along with the timelinethe next slide along with the timeline

MOOC on M4D 2013

Page 16: Aditya K. Jagannatham Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur … · 2019-11-13 · Aditya K. Jagannatham Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur ... Internet Device Device WiFi Device

WLAN Technologies and TimelineWLAN Technologies and Timeline802 11 Year Bandwidth Data Rate Technology802.11 Standars

Year Bandwidth Data Rate Technology

802 11a 1999 20 MHz 6 54 Mbps OFDM (Orthogonal802.11a 1999 20 MHz 6‐54 Mbps OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency DivisionMultiplexing)p g)

802.11b 1999 20 MHz 1‐11 Mbps DSSS  (Direct SequenceSpread Spectrum)p p

802.11g 2003 20 MHz 6‐54 Mbps OFDM, DSSS802.11n 2009 20, 40 MHz ~10 – 150 OFDM802.11n 2009 20, 40 MHz 10  150 

MbpsOFDM

802.11 ac 2012 20‐160 MHz 850 Mbps OFDM

MOOC on M4D 2013

p

Page 17: Aditya K. Jagannatham Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur … · 2019-11-13 · Aditya K. Jagannatham Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur ... Internet Device Device WiFi Device

WLAN AdvantagesWLAN Advantages

• Advantages– Mobility, leads to higher efficiency and y, g yproductivity 

– Cost effective ownership and installationCost effective ownership and installation (Compared to hard wired infrastructure) Enables dynamic network reconfigurability– Enables dynamic network reconfigurability(hardward software upgrades).

MOOC on M4D 2013

Page 18: Aditya K. Jagannatham Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur … · 2019-11-13 · Aditya K. Jagannatham Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur ... Internet Device Device WiFi Device

WLAN EquipmentWLAN Equipment• WLAN Adapterp• These provide an interface between the operating p gsystem and wireless radio signalsg– Typically PCMCIA, Card bus, PCI and USB.

• Allows laptops, desktops and other devices to connect to WLAN

MOOC on M4D 2013

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WLAN EquipmentWLAN Equipment

• Access point• Equivalent of a LAN hubEquivalent of a LAN hub• Connected with the network backbone• Communicates with WLAN adapter through radio signal transmission from antennag

MOOC on M4D 2013

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WLAN EquipmentWLAN Equipment

A P i• Access Point• Range approximately 20‐500 metres

• Supports approximately 15‐pp pp y100 users

• Multiple APs withMultiple APs with overlapping coverage necessary for uninterrupted y pconnectivity

MOOC on M4D 2013

Page 21: Aditya K. Jagannatham Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur … · 2019-11-13 · Aditya K. Jagannatham Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur ... Internet Device Device WiFi Device

WLAN EquipmentWLAN Equipment

• WLAN Bridges• Provide wireless connectivity between twoProvide wireless connectivity between two WLAN networksR d h f d l i i d• Reduces the cost of deploying wired infrastructure

MOOC on M4D 2013

Page 22: Aditya K. Jagannatham Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur … · 2019-11-13 · Aditya K. Jagannatham Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur ... Internet Device Device WiFi Device

IEEE 802 11 ArchitectureIEEE 802.11 Architecture

• Two types of 802.11 architecture• Infrastructure NetworkInfrastructure Network

– Several devices connect to an access pointA i i f b– Access point serves as point of contact between network and each device

• This is the most popular configuration

MOOC on M4D 2013

Page 23: Aditya K. Jagannatham Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur … · 2019-11-13 · Aditya K. Jagannatham Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur ... Internet Device Device WiFi Device

IEEE 802 11 ArchitectureIEEE 802.11 Architecture

• Point‐to‐Point (Ad hoc Network)– Creates and supports mutual communication ppbetween different wireless clients

– Does not require access pointsDoes not require access points– Also, commonly known as a peer to peer networknetwork

MOOC on M4D 2013

Page 24: Aditya K. Jagannatham Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur … · 2019-11-13 · Aditya K. Jagannatham Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur ... Internet Device Device WiFi Device

IEEE 802 11 ArchitectureIEEE 802.11 ArchitectureWiFi

WiFi WiFi

Device

WiFiDevice

WiFiDevice

WiFiDevice WiFiDevice

WiFiDevice

Device

Device

Ad hoc Network

MOOC on M4D 2013

Ad hoc Network

Page 25: Aditya K. Jagannatham Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur … · 2019-11-13 · Aditya K. Jagannatham Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur ... Internet Device Device WiFi Device

802 11 Channel Spacing802.11 Channel Spacing

• Channel Spacing looks as below– 22 MHz channels placed 25 MHz apartp p

Minimum Channel Spacing Between Center

25 MHz 25 MHz

Spacing Between Center Frequencies

#1 #6 #11

2.4 GHz 22MHz2.412 GHz 2.462 GHz

MOOC on M4D 20132.437 GHz

Page 26: Aditya K. Jagannatham Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur … · 2019-11-13 · Aditya K. Jagannatham Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur ... Internet Device Device WiFi Device

WPAN BLUETOOTH

MOOC on M4D 2013

Page 27: Aditya K. Jagannatham Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur … · 2019-11-13 · Aditya K. Jagannatham Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur ... Internet Device Device WiFi Device

WPANWPAN

• WPAN stands for Wireless Personal Area Networks

• Bluetooth is one of the dominant WPANdominant WPAN standards– The technical number for Bluetooth is IEEE 802.15.1

MOOC on M4D 2013

Page 28: Aditya K. Jagannatham Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur … · 2019-11-13 · Aditya K. Jagannatham Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur ... Internet Device Device WiFi Device

BluetoothBluetooth

Bl h i i d d• Bluetooth is intended as a cable replacement t h ltechnology

• Supports a small area ad hoc (network (ie no fixed 

infrastucture)• Connects devices such as,

– PDAs, Printers, Cellphones, Storage Devices, Set‐top boxes etc

MOOC on M4D 2013

Page 29: Aditya K. Jagannatham Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur … · 2019-11-13 · Aditya K. Jagannatham Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur ... Internet Device Device WiFi Device

Bluetooth CharacteristicsBluetooth CharacteristicsHeadset

• Low power consumption – Ideal for miniature Mobile

Phone

Headset

Tablet/ PDA

devices• Range 0 10 m SmallLaptop/ 

Phone

• Range 0 – 10 m – Small scale networks

p p/Computer

Laptop

• Rates – 20 – 100 Kbps approximately

Printer

Mouse approximatelyMouse

MOOC on M4D 2013

Page 30: Aditya K. Jagannatham Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur … · 2019-11-13 · Aditya K. Jagannatham Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur ... Internet Device Device WiFi Device

Bluetooth CharacteristicsBluetooth Characteristics

• Size ‐ ~ 1 inch• Low cost ~ 10 – 100$Low cost   10  100$• Multiple networks and multiple devices

– Minimum Interference

MOOC on M4D 2013

Page 31: Aditya K. Jagannatham Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur … · 2019-11-13 · Aditya K. Jagannatham Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur ... Internet Device Device WiFi Device

FUTURE WIRELESSFUTURE WIRELESSTECHNOLOGIES

MOOC on M4D 2013

Page 32: Aditya K. Jagannatham Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur … · 2019-11-13 · Aditya K. Jagannatham Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur ... Internet Device Device WiFi Device

Future Wireless TechnologiesFuture Wireless Technologies

• LTE Advanced – Advanced 4G Wireless Technologygy

• Scalable bandwidth up to 100 MHzC bl f S i d 3 3• Capable of Supporting data rates up to 3.3 Gbps

MOOC on M4D 2013

Page 33: Aditya K. Jagannatham Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur … · 2019-11-13 · Aditya K. Jagannatham Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur ... Internet Device Device WiFi Device

Future Wireless TechnologiesFuture Wireless Technologies

• Cognitive Radio• Interesting Radio paradigm based onInteresting Radio paradigm based on Dynamic Spectrum Allocation

E h th ffi i d t fi d– Enhances the efficiency compared to fixed spectrum allocation

• Based on components reconfigurable in software– Software Defined Radio

MOOC on M4D 2013