addressing the challenges of wideband radar and … and satcom measurements presented by: giuseppe...

Copyright © 2011 Agilent Technologies

2011 Agilent RF/uW Symposium

Addressing the Challenges of Wideband Radar and SatCom Measurements

Presented by: Giuseppe Savoia, Agilent Technologies


Agenda

• Applications requiring broadband uW test equipment

• Agilent broadband solutions

- Combining an external AWG with a PSG series vector signal generator for

radar and broadband communications

- Traditional Spectrum Analyzers vs. Vector Signal Analyzers

- PXA options for broadband analysis up to 50 GHz

- Converting a scope into a wideband vector signal analyzer

• Measurement examples

- Characterization of radar waveforms

- Demodulation and analysis of digitally modulated signals


mmWaves’ Atmospheric Windows

Automotive

RADAR

Scientific

Research

National

Security

(imaging)

Satellite

Millimeter waves

(30-300 GHz) have

unique transmission

channel

characteristics of

great interest for:

• Communications

• Transportation

• Scientific Research

• National Security

Minimum attenuation bands

35, 94, 140, 220 GHz

Maximum absorption bands

60, 120, 182 GHz


Atmospheric Windows for Satellite

Communications

O2/H2O

Minimum attenuation band:

35, 94, 140, 220 GHz

• Most effective for the satellite-

earth signal transmissions ?

Maximum absorption band:

60, 120, 182 GHz

• Hard to be intercepted

• Effective for secured inter-

satellite transmissions


Spread spectrum communication systems

Satellite systems

Radar systems

Ultra Wide Band (UWB)

Multicarrier systems

Working with greater than 100 MHz BWs?


Target Applications

Aerospace/Defense

• Sat Com, Radar, Secure Communications, UWB

Wireless Communications

• UWB, LTE-Advanced, WirelessHD. WiGig

Digital communication systems

• Point-to-point radio link


Wideband applications:

Last-mile

backhaul for

field Military &

Commercial

data links

A/D Applications: Satellite/Mil Comms and Radar/EW

It was predicted that:

Military applications

of WiMax and other

emerging comms.

• Sat Transponders

• Point-to-point Military radios

• Pulse compression radar

• Electronic warfare (EW)


Agenda

• Applications requiring broadband test equipment











Vector Signal Generator Block Diagram

Freq.

ControlALC

Driver

Pattern

RAM and

Symbol

Mapping

VCO

Synthesizer

Reference

OutputI-Q Modulator

Baseband Generator

p/2

DAC

DAC


GPIB/LAN

ARB

Baseband generator

Real-time

Load custom waveforms

via GPIB/LAN/USB

Vector Signal Generator Block Diagram


Wideband Signal Generation Setups

Differential I/Q signals

RF/IF out

RF/IF out

Marker output

Pulse mod. input

PCIe

PCIe

M8190AE8267D,

Opt. 016

M8190A

Modulation BW up to 2 GHz

RF up to 44 GHz

IF/RF up to 5 GHz

Modulation BW up to

2 * (5 GHz – IF)

IQ Modulation

Direct IF/RF

11

81180AM9330A


How do I create the waveforms?

Agilent Signal Studio

• Format specific signal

• Industry validated waveforms

• Modify large number of parameters within standard

• Creates AWG and real-time based signals

Agilent ADS/SystemVue

• Create signal based on design models

MATLAB

• Complete software environment for signal creation and signal processing

• Create signals for new or proprietary protocols

• Direct communication to the instrument (using Instrument Control Toolbox)

• Suitable for creating simple or complex AWG based signals

General Programming Languages (C++, VB, VEE)


Agenda











Copyright © 2011 Agilent TechnologiesBroadband Generation and

Analysis Solutions

Gen 2008

Theory of OperationSwept Spectrum Analyzer Block Diagram

Pre-Selector

Or Low Pass

Input Filter

Crystal

Reference

Oscillator

Log

Amp

RF input

attenuator

mixer

IF filter

(RBW)envelope

detector

video

filterlocal

oscillator

sweep

generator

IF gain

Input

signal

ADC, Display

& Video

Processing


Broadband Generation and Analysis

Solutions

Gen 2008

Modern Spectrum Analyzer Block Diagram

YIGADC

Analog IF

FilterDigital IF Filter

Digital Log Amp

Digital Detectors

FFT

Swept vs . FFTAttenuation

Pre-amp

Replaced

by


“All Digital IF” Advantages

RF Section ADC

IF/BB Section

on ASIC

Flexibility:

RBW filtering in 10% steps

Filters with better selectivity

Multiple operation modes (Swept, FFT, VSA)

Accuracy:

Log conversion practically ideal

No drift errors; increased repeatability

Speed:

When Swept mode is slow, go FFT

FFT


Agilent X-Series Signal Analyzers

Multiple instruments in one box: Swept spectrum analyzer;

FFT analyzer;

RF and Baseband Vector Signal analyzer;

Noise Figure analyzer

Pre-compliance EMI Receiver

Fastest signal analysis measurements

Broadest set of applications and demodulation capabilities

Upgradeable HW

Most advanced user interface & world-class connectivity


Agilent Technologies’ Signal Analysis Portfolio

ESAWorld’s most popular

100 Hz to 26 GHz

8560ECMid- performance

EXAX-Series

Economy-class

9 kHz to 26 GHz

Sep 07

PSAMarket leading

performance

3 Hz to 50 GHz

CXALow-cost

9 kHz to 7.5 GHz

Oct 09

CSALow cost portable

100 Hz to 7 GHz

MXAX-Series

Mid-performance

20 Hz to 26.5 GHz

Sep 06

X-Series Code Compatibility

Backward CC with legacy

Inherent X-Series CC

Oct 09

PXAX-Series

High-performance

3 Hz to 26.5 GHz

3 Hz to 43/44/50 GHz Apr 11


Agenda












Technology Leadership with PXA Signal Analyzer

New front end converter

New pre-selector w/YIG tuned filter

New band select switch w/pre-amp

Maximize signal insights to 325 GHz and beyond –

faster, wider, deeper

Industry-leading performance• 140 MHz analysis bandwidth

• 0.25 dB flatness (typ)

• 0.19 dB amplitude accuracy

• DANL: -172 dBm at 2 GHz

• TOI: +21 dBm at 2 GHz

• Phase noise: -130 dBc/Hz at 1 GHz (10 kHz offset)


50 GHz

Low frequency

Oscilloscope

DSO90204

2.5 GHz + VSA

PXA as a Millimeter Downconverter(PXA Downconversion Extended to 50 GHz)

Adjustable IF Outputs

Fast Video Out, Including Preselector Bypass

Fast Log Video Out

Temporal analysis of radar pulses and pulsed EW RF

Trigger other devices

Wideband Output, 600-800 MHz Bandwidth

Digitize with Oscilloscope or Other

Analyze with 89600B VSA


High Band IF Output

Millimeter Frequencies, Wide Bandwidths

22

Preselector Bypass On/Off

600 MHz BW, 5

dB Flat

Offset to CF 500 MHz

800 MHz BW, 8 dB Flat


Agenda












RF Down-

Converter

Analysis

& Display

Engine

What is Vector Signal Analysis? Signal Acquisition Hardware

Blocks ofI-Q Samples

A-to-D

Converter


•

•

••

•

••

•

•

•

••

•

•

•

•

•

•

digitized waveformFront End

Windows O/S

constellation

eye diagram

waveform

Windows GUI

spectrum

User

Applications

COM layer

GUI, I/O, etc.

Display

Engine

Signal Analysis

Algorithms

What is Vector Signal Analysis?Signal Processing Software

•


External HW Can Add:

• LO Phase Noise & Mixer Impairments

• ISI from RF/IF Filters

• Amplifier Gain/Phase Distortions

Measure the True Performance of your transmitter

Directly with the 90000X 32 GHz oscilloscope

90000 X-Series

32 GHz Oscilloscope


Engineered for 32 GHz True Analog Bandwidth That Delivers

Market delivers high performance bandwidth 3 ways today

The industry’s highest measurement accuracy

Bandwidth

Maximum

Preamplifier

Bandwidth

Oscilloscope

Bandwidth Spec

DSP Boosting 16 GHz 20 GHz

Frequency Interleave 16 GHz 30 GHz

True Analog Bandwidth 32 GHz 32 GHz


The highest measurement accuracy : industry’s lowest noise floor

Engineered for true analog bandwidth that delivers

Frequency

Interleaving

DSP

Boosting


0

5

10

15

20

25

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 3500 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Ft (GHz)

BV

ce

o(V

olt

s)

25

20

15

10

5

0

UM

NGST

Agilent

Agilent & SFU

Research

InP

DHBT

InP SHBT

& GaAs

HRL

TRW

NTT

Si &

SiGe

HB2A

IBM HP8HitachiIBM •

IBM HP7

GCS

Agilent’s Proprietary

InP HBT Process

Enabled by Unique

HFTC GaAsSb Epi

HB2BAgilent

St-9MW

Jazz

0

5

10

15

20

25

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 3500 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Ft (GHz)

BV

ce

o(V

olt

s)

25

20

15

10

5

0

UM

NGST

Agilent

Agilent & SFU

Research

InP

DHBT

InP SHBT

& GaAs

HRL

TRW

NTT

Si &

SiGe

HB2A

IBM HP8HitachiIBM •

IBM HP7

GCS

Agilent’s Proprietary

InP HBT Process

Enabled by Unique

HFTC GaAsSb Epi

HB2BAgilent

St-9MW

Jazz

Innovative Chipset Designed in Agilent’s Proprietary High-

speed High-Voltage InP HBT Process

Low noise and high measurement accuracy

2X usable voltage

Superior pulse distortion control, enhanced fidelity

Significant margin in speed and linearity

Lower noise operation in high frequency architectures

High Ft, BS vias, high resistivity substrates enable flatter response to higher frequencies

Clear path to 300+ GHz

Agilent

Next Gen


True Analog Bandwidth that Delivers …

The Highest Measurement Accuracy

The Evolution of the Infiniium Front End

Quasi-coax to ensure

signal shielding

Industry’s fastest

preamplifier (32 GHz)

Industry’s fastest edge

trigger chip (>20 GHz)

New 32 GHz sampler

with sample and filter

technology

New Agilent

proprietary

packaging to

ensure high

bandwidth

and low

noise


Technology investments deliver the highest measurement accuracy.

Engineered for true analog bandwidth that delivers

20 GSa/s ADC

Memory Controller

Multi-Chip ModuleWhat it takes to deliver:

► An excellent IC process with high

bandwidth capacity and low parasitic

capacitance for low noise, customized

for test for measurement

► IC package technology for isolation

and reliability

► Pure signal path with other high

performance components

Memory

The highest measurement accuracy


Agilent Infiniium 90000 X-Series OscilloscopesEngineered for true analog bandwidth that delivers


So you don’t waste your jitter budget

• 32 GHz true analog bandwidth

• Industry’s lowest oscilloscope noise floor

• Lowest real-time oscilloscope measurement jitter floor

A complete 30 GHz probing system

So you get full bandwidth to the probe tip

• Fully customized probe amplifier s-parameter correction

• Upgradeable Probing System

The industry’s most accurate “RF scope”

So you can take advantage of Agilent’s RF expertise

• Analysis through the Ka band without the need for down conversion

• Full VSA performance

• Analysis built for wireless LAN, radar, satellite, and ultra wideband applications


Agenda












Example of Radar Pulse Measurements:

Test Setup Diagram

34

Differential I/Q Signals

and External

Re-construction

Filters

Modulated

RF/ uWave out

Marker Out Pulse mod. input

I/Q data via

LAN,

USB or

GPIB

Modulation BW

up to 2 GHz

RF up to 44

GHz

81180A

Up to 4.2 Gsa/s

Sample Rate, 2 GHz

I/Q Modulation

Bandwith, 64 Msa

Sample Memory

E8267D,

Opt. 016,

H18

90000X-Series Oscilloscope

Up to 32 GHz of Bandwidth

and 2GSa of Memory


Picture of Wideband LFM Chirp Radar Test Setup

(10 GHz Center Frequency, 2 GHz LFM Chirp)

35


Generate a Multi-Tone Signal

36


Multi-Tone Signal Before Amplitude Correction

37


Amplitude Flatness Correction

38


Multi-Tone Signal After Amplitude Correction

39


Download LFM Chirp Radar Waveform

40


90000X Wideband LFM Chirp Measurements

41


Custom/Proprietary Radar Measurements with MATLAB

in the 90000X Signal Processing Path

42

Custom

MATLAB

Function

Oscilloscope

Waveform

MATLAB

Applied TracePerform Additional

Scope Measurements


Start with Oscilloscope Waveform

43

Custom

MATLAB

Function

Oscilloscope

Waveform

MATLAB


Scope Measurements


Operate on Scope Waveform with Custom MATLAB

Function to Extract Pulsed RF Envelope

44

Custom MATLAB Function to

Calculate RF Pulse Envelope with

a Hilbert Transform

Custom

MATLAB

Function

Oscilloscope

Waveform

MATLAB


Scope Measurements


Display the RF Pulse Envelope

45

RF Pulse Envelope

Extracted from

Custom MATLAB

Function

Custom

MATLAB

Function

Oscilloscope

Waveform

MATLAB


Scope Measurements


Perform Scope Measurements on the RF Envelope

46

Drop Pre-Configured Scope

Measurements on Displayed Envelope

Measure RF Pulse Rise Time

Pre-Configured

Scope Measurements:

• Pulse Rise Time

• Pulse Fall Time

• Pulse Width

• Overshoot

Custom

MATLAB

Function

Oscilloscope

Waveform

MATLAB


Scope Measurements


Using Segmented Memory to Optimize the Number

of Radar Pulses Captured with 2 Gsa Memory

47

Capture Only the “ON” Part of the Radar Pulse

X

Ignore the “OFF” Part of the Radar Pulse

Resulting Segmented Memory to Optimize the Number of Radar Pulses Captured

Segment 1 Segment 2 Segment 3 Segment 4 Segment 5 Segment 6 Segment 7 Segment 8


90000X Wideband LFM Chirp Measurement with

89600 VSA

48


Chirped Phase

Chirped

Frequency

2 GHz

Log Magnitude

Envelope Amplitude

vs. Time

LFM Chirped

Spectrum Centered

at 10 GHz

6 us

2 GHz

90000X Wideband LFM Chirp Measurement with

89600 VSA

49


Challenges for Radar Pulse Measurements

System level testing- characterize pulse timing for many

scenarios

Field/Flight testing is expensive- capture signals and

evaluate/characterize performance off-line

Need to evaluate a large number of pulses

Need to sort and categorize signals dependent on emitter

characteristics

50


Oscilloscope Signal Analyzer (OSA) Software

(preliminary)

CW and pulsed RF signal analysis for Radar/EW

Modulation domain, power, and pulse timing analysis

Application software which extends the capability of the

9000, 90000, and 90000 X-series oscilloscopes

Segmented memory capture to analyze a large number of

pulses

51


Oscilloscope Signal Analyzer (OSA) Software

(preliminary)

52

Continuous

Pulse

Acquisition or

Segmented

Acquisition


OSA Pulsed Power Measurements

53

Select

RF

Detector

Inputs


Segmented Capture and Display:

Frequency and Phase vs. Time

54

Set Number of Segments to Capture

and Acquisition Length per Capture


OSA Segmented File Capture Mode: Timing Measurements

55

Set Number of

Segments (e.g. 200)

Enable Auto-Analyze

to Automatically

Display Data

Binary files or .csv files for each segmented are

stored in this directory to analyze off-line


OSA Segmented File Capture Mode:

Frequency Measurements

56

Frequency

Excursion

and

Frequency

Deviation of

Each Pulse

Select

File>

Save>

Table Data

to store

.csv file


OSA Segmented File Capture Mode: Histogram Displays

57

Sort through and view

only pulses >1.8 GHz

frequency deviation and

>1 uSec pulse width


Evaluating Complex Waveforms: Frequency Hopped Example

58


Wideband 16QAM Example

59


Picture of Wideband VSA Test Setup:

Wideband 16 QAM Example

60


Recording of Measurement Results(10 GHz Carrier with 262.5 MHz Mod Bandwidth, with Equalization)

61

16 QAM

Constellation

RF

Spectrum

(262.5 MHz

Mod Bandwidth)

EVM vs. Symbol

Low EVM ~1.2%

(Error Vector Magnitude,

With Equalization)


Recording of Measurement Results(19.2 GHz Carrier with 262.5 MHz Mod Bandwidth, with Equalization)

62

16 QAM

Constellation

RF

Spectrum

(262.5 MHz

Mod Bandwidth)

EVM vs. Symbol

Low EVM ~1.4%


With Equalization)


Recording of Measurement Results(14.5 GHz Carrier with approx 1 GHz Mod Bandwidth, with Equalization)

63

16 QAM

Constellation

RF

Spectrum

(>1 GHz

Mod Bandwidth)

EVM vs. Symbol

Low EVM ~1.8%


With Equalization)


Recommended Minimum Configuration

64

• DSOX93204A 32 GHz Digital Signal Oscilloscope with Options:

- 02G 2 Gpts/ch memory

- 062 MATLAB Standard Digital Package

- 010 User Defined Function

• 81180A Arbitrary Waveform Generator with Options:

- 264 Two channel 64M points memory

- (2) F4G Reconstruction filter set for 4Gsa/s, 1 channel

• 89601A/AN VSA Software with Options:

- 200 Basic Vector Signal Analysis

- 300 Hardware Connectivity

- AYA Vector Modulation Analysis

• E8267D PSG Vector Signal Generator with Options:

- 520 or 532 Frequency range from 250 kHz to 20 GHz or 31.8 GHz

- 016 Wideband differential external I/Q inputs

- H18 Wideband modulation less than 3.2 GHz


Additional References

65

• http://www.agilent.com/find/oscilloscopes

• http://www.agilent.com/find/AWG

• http://www.agilent.com/find/PXA

• http://www.agilent.com/find/powerofx

• http://www.agilent.com/find/matlab_oscilloscopes

http://www.agilent.com/find/oscilloscopes

http://www.agilent.com/find/AWG

http://www.agilent.com/find/PXA

http://www.agilent.com/powerofx

http://www.agilent.com/find/matlab_oscilloscopes


New Application Note:

http://www.agilent.com/find/powerofx

66

http://www.agilent.com/powerofx


Summary

67

Many Radar and SatCom applications require wideband equipment to

generate and analyze custom/proprietary waveforms.

AWGs COTS Equipment and waveform creation tools let you create

Custom/Proprietary Wideband Radar and Satcom Waveforms

New Agilent Signal Analyzers can capture and analyze up to 140 MHz

instantaneous bandwidth with carrier up to 50 GHz.

90000X Oscilloscope enables you to directly measure the True Performance

of X, Ku, and Ka-Band Transmitter Outputs -- up to 32 GHz

Vector Signal Analysis software perform measurements in Time, Frequency

and Modulation domains

Perform Advanced Pulse Timing, Frequency, and Amplitude Measurements

with the OSA software



So you don’t waste your jitter budget

• 32 GHz true analog bandwidth

• Industry’s lowest oscilloscope noise floor

• Lowest real-time oscilloscope measurement jitter floor

A complete 30 GHz probing system

So you get full bandwidth to the probe tip

• Fully customized probe amplifier s-parameter correction

• Upgradeable Probing System

The industry’s most accurate “RF scope”

So you can take advantage of Agilent’s RF expertise

• Analysis through the Ka band without the need for down conversion

• Full VSA performance

• Analysis built for wireless LAN, radar, satellite, and ultra wideband applications

Agilent Infiniium 90000 X-Series OscilloscopesEngineered for true analog bandwidth that delivers

addressing the challenges of wideband radar and … and satcom measurements presented by: giuseppe...

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