additives for vinyl - dow chemical · 2019-06-04 · additives for vinyl paraloid™ bta 702-s mbs...

Additives For Vinyl

PARALOID™ BTA 702-S MBS Impact Modifier/Spheroid An outstanding combination of crease-whitening resistance, clarity and toughness, for calendered and extruded vinyl film and sheet

Description

PARALOID BTA 702-S is widely used in the production of calendered and extruded film and sheet. Chosen for its remarkable crease-whitening resistance, this unique MBS impact modifier offers an all-round balance of properties, including brilliant clarity and excellent impact strength. For these reasons, PARALOID BTA 702-S is ideally suited for a broad range of packaging applications, including film, sheet, blister pack and metalised film wrappings. It is used: • In the packaging of foodstuffs: chocolate, biscuits, pastries, sandwiches; • By the pharmaceutical industry: tablet press-packs, boxes and cartons; • In film and sheet for furniture and office supplies: laminates and overlays. Other attractive features of PARALOID BTA 702-S include: • Absence of colour reversal and fluorescence; • Efficient dispersion and processability; • Fast thermo-forming cycle times; • Extremely low levels of taste and odour transfer; • Very good early colour and long-term heat stability;

PARALOID BTA 702-S complies with the FDA and European food packaging regulations.

This brochure shows a series of tests related to these features. The results confirm BTA 702-S’s exceptional crease-whitening resistance and its excellent balance of qualities, from impact strength and optical properties to processing and handling. PARALOID BTA 702-S is manufactured using the innovative SPHEROID process, developed by Rohm and Haas, to give a spherical, non-dusting, free-flowing powder with reduced compaction properties, that is easier and safer to handle. Products manufactured using the spheroid process maintain the same high level of technical performance as the previous generation.

The PARALOID BTA 702-S production process has obtained the ISO 9002 quality assurance certification.

Balance of Properties

Many impact modifiers may show excellent results in one key respect or another. PARALOID BTA 702-S, on the other hand, offers an exceptional balance of features, ranging from crease-whitening resistance and attractive optical properties to impact strength and ease of processing.

MBS Modifier, in 200 µm film

BTA 702-S (9 phr)

BTA IIIN2 (9 phr)

No MBS

Crease Whitening

Crease whitening (rating 0 - 12)* 1-2 5-6 0-1

Impact Efficiency

Film toughness Ductile Ductile Very brittle

Tensile impact strength (kJ/m2) 458 488 102

Optical Properties

Luminous transmission (%) 92.2 90.2 91.7

* 0 = no whitening 12 = heavy whitening

Crease Whitening Resistance

Impact modifiers generally detract to some extent from the excellent crease-whitening resistance of unmodified PVC. PARALOID BTA 702 is unique in that it has very little effect in this key area of performance making it ideal for the production of tough films with very low crease-whitening. This resistance has been tested under different methods using different deformation speeds, demonstrating excellent results in all cases.

Haze (%) 2.1 2.4 2.0

Colour tone:

- Yellowness index -0.4 -0.3 -0.2

- L value 94.3 93.1 93.9

- a value -0.5 -0.3 -0.3

- b value -2.3 -2.1 -2.0

Other Characteristics

Tensile elongation (%) 189 172 89

Thermoforming speed, cycle time (s) 14 16

cannot be thermoformed

Formulation

S PVC homopolymer K60C 100.0

PARALOID K120N 1.0

PARALOID K175 1.0

PARALOID MBS as indicated

Sn mercaptide stabiliser 1.5

Glycerol mono oleate 1.0

Ester of montanic acid with ethylene glycol

0.25

Ethylene di stearamide 0.10

Reckitt 54B blue toner 0.007

Reckitt 11 violet toner 0.012

Test On Fims

Test descriptions are given in the Test Standards at the end of this document.

Test On Mill-Moulded Plates

Test descriptions are given in the Test Standards at the end of this document.

Impact Efficiency

PARALOID BTA 702-S offers excellent impact efficiency, over a wide range of conditions, even in low molecular weight PVC, at low addition levels and at low temperatures.

Tests On Films

Impact strength on films can be evaluated with highspeed falling dart tests, tensile impact tests and sawing tests.

Sample preparation : 200 mm gauge films using Sn stabilised formulations.

Falling Dart and Sawing Tests

High-speed falling dart tests and sawing tests, conducted on PVC films, show that PARALOID BTA 702-S can be used to eliminate brittleness.

200 mm gauge film using PVC K60 stabilised with Sn. Falling Dart Test: 50-g. dart ; 50% mean failure height. Sawing Test: circular saw ; % brittle fractures out of 20 pieces cut.

Brittleness Temperature Test

With its impact strength retention at low temperatures, PARALOID BTA 702-S is particularly suited to the production of packaging for cold storage. This test shows the temperatures where the film changes from ductile to brittle at different addition levels of modifier.

PARALOID BTA 702-S (addition level)

Falling Dart Test, height (cm)

Sawing Test, brittle fractures (%)

0 phr - 100

4 phr 65 25

8 phr 120 15

12 phr 155 0

Sample Preparation: PVC K60 Sn stabilised, calendered film formulation

Tests On Mill-Moulded Plates

Laboratory prepared mill-moulded plates allow the optimum evaluation of the physical properties of a formulation under carefully-controlled conditions. The following data show notched Izod, Charpy and Dynatup performance using samples prepared in this manner.

Sample preparation for mill-moulded plates : S PVC Sn formulations. 3-mm mill moulded specimens • Milled at 180°C for 3 minutes, • Preheated 3 minutes, followed by pressing (150 kg/cm2) for 3 minutes at 180°C. (Specimens conditioned for 24 hours prior to impact test.)

Dynatup Test

As shown in the following charts, the energy required to break the BTA 702-S-modified plate is ten times greater than that required to break the unmodified sample.

Sample preparation : 3-mm mill-moulded plates with 0.1-mm radius U-notch on reverse side,

Optical Properties

PARALOID BTA 702-S offers unparalleled crystal clarity in PVC. Film and sheet modified with PARALOID BTA 702-S are highly transparent in both homopolymer and copolymer PVC formulations.

Clarity

The optical properties of BTA 702-S remain good even in 3-mm and 6-mm laboratory mouldings, as demonstrated here.

Homopolymer PVC K60

Test Conditions

Temperature (°C) 23

Velocity (m/s) 2.58

Energy (J) 75.49

Test Results Unmodified BTA 702-S

Time, maximum load (ms) 1.42 4.26

Time, total (ms) 1.56 7.55

Load, maximum (kN) 0.8197 1.4135

Energy, at maximum load (J) 1.410 9.888

Energy, total (J) 1.525 15.467

BTA 702-S No modifier BTA IIIN2

Luminous Transmission (%)

80µ 92.2 93.7 90.2

500µ 90.6 91.9 86.5

1 mm 89.2 89.6 82.2

3mm 82.0 86.1 73.8

Copolymer PVC K57

6mm 72.4 84.5 60.9

Haze (%)

80µ 2.1 1.9 2.4

500µ 3.2 2.5 5.8

1 mm 4.8 2.7 9.9

3mm 9.2 4.3 17.4

6mm 14.2 8.7 25.7

Homopolymer Formulation

S PVC K60 100.0

PARALOID K120N 1.0

PARALOID K175 1.0

PARALOID MBS 9.0




0.25

Ethylene di stearamide 0.10



BTA 702-S No modifier BTA IIIN2

Luminous Transmission (%)

80µ 93.1 94.2 91.2

500µ 89.4 90.1 85.3

1 mm 85.1 87.5 80.1

3mm 78.2 83.3 72.8

6mm 69.6 80.1 56.5

Haze (%)

80µ 2.5 2.2 3.2

500µ 3.3 3.1 6.7

1 mm 6.4 5.6 14.5

3mm 9.8 6.4 21.4

6mm 18.2 12.7 37.8

Copolymer Formulation M

VC/AC (90/10) 100.0

PARALOID K175 1.0

PARALOID MBS 9.0




0.3

Ethylene diamine di stearate 0.15

Colour

PARALOID BTA 702-S offers neutral colour and no fluorescence or colour reversal, in both homopolymer and copolymer based formulations.

L, A, B, COLOUR TEST

Transparency and colour were measured on 3-mm pressed polished plates, based on an Sn stabilised formulation, using a Huntertab colorimeter.

EFFECTS OF LUBRICANTS ON OPTICAL PROPERTIES

The compounder should consider that apart from impact modifiers, lubricants can also have an effect on optical properties. This table shows how different types of lubricants affect the optical and creasewhitening properties of PVC modified with PARALOID BTA 702-S.



S PVC K60 Homopolymer

VC/VAC (90/10) Copolymer

Yellowness index -7.8 -4.1

L colour 87.3 84.1

a colour -1.5 -1.3

b colour -2.8 -3.1

Lubricant Level (phr) % Luminous

Transmission

% Haze Crease Whitening Rating (0-12)*

None 0 87.5 2.8 1-2

Glycerol mono-oleate 1.2 86.7 3.2 1

High MW complex fatty acid ester with Calcium

1.2 83.5 4.3 5

Polar PE wax 1.2 80.1 6.7 7-8

Paraffin wax 1.2 78.2 7.4 8

Triglyceride ester of hydroxy saturated fatty acid

1.2 86.7 3.2 2-3

Calcium stearate 1.2 77.8 5.8 7

Glycerol mono-oleate, plus ester wax

0.7 0.5

87.7 3.1 1-2

Triglyceride ester of hydroxy saturated fatty acid, plus ester wax

0.8 0.4

87.5

3.0

1-2

Formulation

S PVC K60 100.0

PARALOID K120N-D 1.0

PARALOID K175 1.0

PARALOID BTA 702-S 12.0

* Crease-whitening rating 0- 12 where 0 = no crease-whitening 12 = high crease-whiteninq Crease whitening : measured with high-speed dart drop test.

Processing and Handling

PARALOID BTA 702-S is an ideal choice for a wide variety of extrusion calenderette and calendering equipment. Thanks to Rohm and Haas' SPHEROID technology, PARALOID BTA 702-S is manufactured as a low-dusting, free-flowing powder with reduced compaction properties, facilitating processing and handling. SPHEROID products have a controlled particle size, allowing homogeneous blending in highspeed mixers. All of the following tests were performed using Sn stabilised formulations.

Processabilty

Brabender Performance

This test, performed on a calendered film/sheet compound, shows that PARALOID BTA 702-S provides significantly faster fusion than competitive MBS modifiers, and therefore better melt homogeneity.

Conditions: 140°C, 30 RPM, 32 g

Calendering Performance

Because PARALOID BTA 702-S develops high pressure betterave the nip of the calendering rolls, it can be calendered in both thin film and heavy-gauge sheet. The following chart shows how the addition of the impact modifier increases the roll separating force (an indication of melt viscosity) and the motor current (an indication of torque) at varying mill roll speeds.

Sn stabiliser 1.5

Lubricants (internal / external / internal-external)

1.2

BTA 702-S 9 phr

Competitive MBS, 9 phr

Fusion time (s) 25 145

Fusion torque (Nm) 37.0 35.5

Fusion temperature (°C) 150.5 154.5

Equilibrium torque (Nm) 22.5 22.5

Equilibrium temperature (°C) 160 161

Dispersion

Collin Two-Roll Mill Test

The Collin two-roll mill closely simulates processing conditions found on the production calendering line.

The low gel content of PARALOID BTA 702-S means that the modified PVC can be vacuum formed to deep draws without developing tears or other imperfections.

Test rating 0- 100 where

Formulation

S PVC K60 100.0

Sn stabiliser 1.5

Glyceroi mono-oleate 0.6


0.5

PARALOID K175 1.0

PE Wax 0.1

0 = excellent dispersion 25-35 = typical of unmodified PVC 50 = a commercially acceptable level for crystal-clear applications 100 = high gel content

Inflated Parison Test

PARALOID BTA 702-S disperses well in PVC film and sheet compounds, even under low-shear conditions, using low and medium K-value easy-processing PVC formulations.

Dispersion rating 0-12 where 0 = Gel free / excellent dispersion 12 = Sandpaper / high gel content

Extrusion conditions: Bekum BA 07 Normal Shear Temperature (°C) : • Cylinder: 140, 150, 175 • Die head: 175, 175 Low Shear Temperature (°C) : • Cylinder: 150, 160, 175 • Die head: 175, 175 Screw Speed (rpm) : 30

Powder Characteristics

The new spheroid process introduced major improvements in the powder characteristics: more freely flowing, controlled particle size, and higher bulk density. Those improvements have translated into safer handling and increased productivity. The following tests demonstrate the improvements achieved over the former PARALOID BTA 702.

Extrusion Calenderette, Homopolymer S PVC K57

Dispersion Rating

Normal Shear Low Shear

PARALOID BTA 702-S 1 2

Typical MBS modifiers 1-3 2-6

Calendering, Homopolymer S PVC K60

Dispersion Rating

Normal Shear Low Shear

PARALOID BTA 702-S 1 2

Typical MBS modifiers 1-2 2-6

Sieve Analysis

Flowability

Funnel flow measured with 25 g resin

Bulk Density

Compaction, Dust Level

Formulations

Specific formulations must be fine tuned to meet the requirements of the particular film and shoot application and the production equipment being used.

Calendering

This formulation is recommended as a starting point for calendered film and shoot suitable for the packaging of foodstuffs.

Sn Stabilised PVC K60

Property BTA 702-S BTA 702

Compaction (%)

- high load 0 10

- normal load 0 5

- low load 0 0

Dust level (rating 0- 10, where 0 = low/none, 10 = very dusty)

1-2 4

S PVC resin K60 100.0


PARALOID K175 2.0


Glycerol mono-oleate 0.8

Ethylene di steararnide 0.2

Extrusion Calenderette

This formulation is recommended as a stading point for general-purpose film for extrusion calenderette processing. Sn Stabilised PVC K57

Tests Standards and Descriptions

Ester of montanic acid with ethylone glycol 0.3

Blue toner 0.006

Violet toner 0.014

S PVC resin K57 100.0


PARALOID K120ND 1.5

PARALOID K175 0.7


Triglycerol ester of hydroxy saturated fatty acid 0.6

High molecular weight complex fatty acid ester with calcium

0.7

Epoxidised soya bean oil 0.8

Polar polyethylene wax 0.10

Blue toner 0.007

Violet toner 0.015

Test Standard

Bend and Return A PVC sheet of controlled thickness is folded to 90 degrees and then returned to its original shape

Brittleness Temperature

ASTM D746-79

Dynatup Impact An instrumented falling weight with a tup radius of 6.4 mm.

Eriksen NF T 30-019.A foil is pressed out with a roller ball against a flat metal piece with a hole cut. An indentation is made at a controlled, slow speed.

Falling Dart A dart of known weight is allowed to fall freely on a PVC sheet specimen; the loss in optical clarity or degree and depth of whitening is rated.

Notched Izod ISO-R-180

Optical ASTM D1003-61

Tensile Impact DIN 53448

U-Notch Charpy DIN 53453

Yellowing Index ASTM Dl925-70

PARALOID is a registered trademark of Rohm and Haas Company/Philadelphia (USA)

Rohm and Haas Company makes no warranties, either expressed or implied as to the accuracy or appropriateness of this data and expressly excludes any liability upon Rohm and Haas arising out of its use.

We recommend that the prospective users determine for themselves the suitability of Rohm and Haas’ materials and suggestions for any use prior to their adoption. Suggestions for uses of our products or the inclusion of descriptive material from patents and the citation of specific patents in this publication should not be understood as recommending the use of our products in violation of any patent or as permission or license to use any patents of the Rohm and Haas Company.

Material safety data sheets outlining the hazards and handling methods for our products are available on request.

©Rohm and Haas, 2006 All rights reserved. May 2003

additives for vinyl - dow chemical · 2019-06-04 · additives for vinyl paraloid™ bta 702-s mbs...

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