addendum to environmental impact assessment (eia) … addendum 2 for 1.00 km.pdf · s.h:...
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GOVERNMENT OF KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA
PAKHTUNKHWA HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY
PESHAWAR
UPGRADATION / REHABILITATION OF ROAD
FROM SHARIFABAD TO KANJU
S.H: UPGRADATION / REHABILITATION OF 1.0 km
ADDITIONAL LENGTH
EMERGENCY ROADS RECOVERY PROJECT (ERRP)
FOR KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA
ADDENDUM TO
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
ASSESSMENT (EIA) REPORT
DECEMBER 2012
2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 7 1.1 Project Overview ...................................................................................................... 7 1.2 Implementation ......................................................................................................... 8 1.3 Project Classification ................................................................................................ 8 1.4 Overview of the EIA .................................................................................................. 8
2.0 Policy, Law and Protocols ............................................................................................ 11 3.0 Description of the Project ............................................................................................. 12
3.1 Location .................................................................................................................. 12 3.2 Road Length ........................................................................................................... 12 3.3 Existing Road Dimensions ...................................................................................... 12 3.4 Drainage Structures ................................................................................................ 12 3.5 Link Roads ............................................................................................................. 12 3.6 Scope of Work ........................................................................................................ 13 3.7 Length–wise Description of the Project ................................................................... 13 3.8 Existing Road Condition ......................................................................................... 13 3.9 Design Criteria ........................................................................................................ 14 3.10 Work and Material .................................................................................................. 14
3.10.1 Estimated Work / Major Work Items ............................................................... 14
3.10.2 Materials Requirement ................................................................................... 15
3.11 Raw Material Availability ......................................................................................... 18 3.12 Machinery to be used ............................................................................................. 18 3.13 Equipment and Installations .................................................................................... 19 3.14 Construction Schedule............................................................................................ 19 3.15 Construction Logistics ............................................................................................ 19
3.15.1 Work Base ..................................................................................................... 19
3.15.2 Labor Supply .................................................................................................. 20
3.15.3 Labor Camps ................................................................................................. 20
3.15.4 Machinery Maintenance and Equipment Yards .............................................. 20
3.15.5 Material Depots .............................................................................................. 20
3.15.6 Machinery Repair Workshops ........................................................................ 20
3.15.7 Approach to Work Bases ............................................................................... 20
3.15.8 Petrol Pump and CNG Pump ......................................................................... 21
3.15.9 Camp Offices ................................................................................................. 21
3.15.10 Security Arrangements .................................................................................. 21
3.15.11 Healthcare ..................................................................................................... 21
3.15.12 Labor Reporting Office ................................................................................... 21
3.15.13 Labor Transport ............................................................................................. 21
3.15.14 Work Uniform and Health Safety Equipment .................................................. 21
3.15.15 Signage ......................................................................................................... 22
3.15.16 Lighting and Illumination ................................................................................ 22
3.16 Safe Design Criteria ............................................................................................... 22 3.17 Estimated Project Cost ........................................................................................... 22
4.0 Baseline Study of Project Area ..................................................................................... 23 5.0 Environmental Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures ....................................... 24
5.1 Explanation of Impact Assessment ......................................................................... 24 5.1.1 Site for Disposal of Waste Construction Material ........................................... 24
3
5.1.2 Location of Labor Camps, Material Depots, Equipment Yards and Approach
Roads ...................................................................................................................... 24
5.1.3 Contamination from Diesel and Other Oil Spills from Construction Machinery 24
5.1.4 Damage to Roads, Cross Drainages .............................................................. 25
5.1.5 Release of Construction Water and Dumping of Soil ...................................... 25
5.1.6 Impact of Borrowing Material from Earth Borrow Sites ................................... 25
5.1.7 Impact on Roads/Infrastructure used for Transport of construction Materials..25
5.1.8 Impact of Stone Quarrying ............................................................................. 26
5.1.9 Impacts on Surface Water .............................................................................. 26
5.1.10 Source of Drinking Water ............................................................................... 26
5.1.11 Protection of Construction Work from Floods ................................................. 26
5.1.12 Effect on Surface Flow Conditions ................................................................. 27
5.1.13 Dust and gaseous Emissions from Construction Machinery or Asphalt Plants 27
5.1.14 Noise ............................................................................................................. 27
5.1.15 Impact on any Stream or Water Body ............................................................ 27
5.1.16 Damage to Fish and Fisheries ....................................................................... 28
5.1.17 Loss of Structures .......................................................................................... 28
5.1.18 Removal of Trees........................................................................................... 28
5.1.19 Temporary Land Acquisition .......................................................................... 28
5.1.20 Infrastructure within RoW ............................................................................... 29
6.0 Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan (ESMP) ...................................................... 30 6.1 Institutional Arrangements ...................................................................................... 30 6.2 Mitigation Plans ...................................................................................................... 31 6.3 Environmental Monitoring ....................................................................................... 47
4
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.1: Project Area Location 9
Figure 1.2: Project Location 10
Figure 3.1: Pictorial View of Project Road 14
Figure 3.2: Typical Cross Section of Road in Built-up Area 16
Figure 3.3: Typical Cross Section of Road In Rural Area 17
Figure 6.1: organogram for implementation of EMP 31
LIST OF TABLES
Table 3.1: Key Project Features / Structures 12
Table 3.2: Main Features along the Alignment 13
Table 3.3: Design Criteria 14
Table 3.4: Estimated Work 15
Table 3.5: Construction Material Requirement 15
Table 3.6: Raw Material Availability 18
Table 3.7: Machinery Requirement 19
Table 3.8: Equipment and Installation 19
Table 3.9: Illustrative Distribution of Labor 20
Table 6.1: Environmental Impacts during Construction Phase 31
Table 6.2: Social Impacts 40
Table 6.3: Operational Phase 46
Table 6.4: Cost Estimates for Environmental Management 47
5
LIST OF ACRONYMS
AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials
ACE Associated Consulting Engineers
ACI American Concrete Institute
ADB Asian Development Bank
AIDS Acquired immune deficiency syndrome
ASTM American Society for Testing and Material
BHU Basic Health Unit
BOD Biochemical Oxygen Demand
BOQ Bill of Quantities
COD Chemical Oxygen Demand
COI Corridor of Impact
DDE Deputy Director Environment
DEMM Donors Environmental Monitoring Mission
EA Environmental Assessment
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
EIRR Economic Internal Rate of Return
EMMP Environment Mitigation and Monitoring Plan
EMP Environment Management Plan
EPC Environmental Protection Council
ESC Environmental Supervision Consultant
FHA Frontier Highways Authority
FIDIC Fédération Internationale Des Ingénieurs-Conseils
(International Federation of Consulting Engineers)
GoKP Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
GoP Government of Pakistan
HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus
HSE Health Safety Equipment
IEE Initial Environmental Examination
IEM Independent Environmental Monitor
ISMZ Indus Suture Melange Zone
JUI Jamiat–i–Ulmai–Islam
KP Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
M&E Monitoring and Evaluation
MBT Main Boundary Thrust
MDTF Multi Donor Trust Fund
MMT Main Mantle Thrust
NCS National Conservation Strategy
NDIR Non Dispersive Infra Red
NEQs National Environment Quality Standards
NGOs Non–Government Organizations
NHA National Highway Authority
NOC No Objection Certificate
NWFP North West Frontier Province
O&M Operation and Maintenance
6
OP Operational Policy
Pak–EPA Pakistan Environment Protection Agency
PCO Public Call Office
PEPA Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency
PEPC Pakistan Environment Protection Council
PHED Public Health Engineering Department
PKR Pak Rupees
PkHA Pakhtunkhwa Highways Authority
PM Project Manager
PMC Project Management
PMAP Pakhtunkhwa Milli Awami Party
PML Pakistan Muslim League
PPC Pakistan Penal Code
PPE Personal Protective Equipment
PPP Pakistan People’s Party
PR Public Relations
PSDP Public Sector Development Project
PSQCA Pakistan Standards Quality Control Authority
PTCL Pakistan Telecommunication Limited
PTV Pakistan Television
RE Resident Engineer
RoW Right of Way
SFA Social Framework Agreement
SPM Suspended Particulate Matter
UBC Uniform Building Code
VOC Vehicle Operating Cost
WAPDA Water and Power Development Authority
WB World Bank
WHO World Health Organization
XEN Executive Engineer
7
1.0 Introduction
This document presents the Environmental Impact Assessment of the additional 1.0 km
long segment of Janwarn (Dadahara) - Dadahara Road, which runs almost parallel to
River Swat on its right bank, in Swat District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province of
Pakistan.
The EIA for the 10.5 km long Sharif Abad to Kanju Road of the Chakdara - Kanju Road
has already been approved by the EPA and an NOC has been issued on July 26, 2011
in this regard. Similarly NOC of the first addendum for an additional 3.00 km long
Dadahara to Sharifabad has also been issued on October 10, 2012.
Hence this document may be treated as a second addendum to the existing EIA
approved by EPA.
1.1 Project Overview
Road from Chakdara to Madyan was completely destroyed over a length of 95 km due
to activities of insurgents and counter action by Pakistan Army. Of that the World Bank
agreed to finance the upgradation and rehabilitation of a section from km-30+424 to km-
40+924, a length of 10.5 km from Sharifabad to Kanju. The design, execution and
supervision of this road have been entrusted to Pakhtunkhwa Highways Authority
(PkHA) at a cost of Rs. 680.33 Million. The 10.5 km section (from Sharif Abad to Kanju)
of the Chakdara - Kanju Road is already under up gradation and rehabilitation and 60%
of the project has been completed.
During the original survey for resettlement it was found that around 200 houses, shops,
and boundary walls etc. mostly in the towns of Kabal, Aligrama and Kanju had to be
partially/mostly damaged or demolished. However, due to non-availability of space for
relocation of houses and businesses around the mentioned towns, the rehabilitation
works have now been restricted to the construction corridor instead of the ROW as
originally planned within the urban areas so as to have minimum negative impacts on
public/private buildings and valuable assets. This decision helped in minimizing negative
impacts of road construction on one hand and savings on the other. Extensive savings
resulted in the amount earmarked for land acquisition, resettlement, allowances to the
APs and utilities shifting.
Similarly, substantial savings in the amount reserved for civil works has been achieved.
The above savings is being utilized in the upgradation and rehabilitation of additional 3.00 km length of the road and 60% of the 13.50 km long stretch has been completed. Due to further savings in the total project cost, an additional 1.00 km long section has
been proposed for upgradation and rehabilitation which has been approved by the World
Bank.
(see location maps in Figures – 1.1 and 1.2).
8
1.2 Implementation
Sharifabad – Kanju Section of Chakdara – Madyan Road is sponsored by Government
of KP (GoKP) with the financial assistance of the World Bank (WB) through Multi Donor
Trust Fund (MDTF) and the work is in full swing.
The additional one km segment of the road from Janwarn (Dadahara) to Dadahara will
be upgraded and rehabilitated with further savings achieved in the amounts earmarked
for resettlement and civil works for Sharifabad - Kanju Road and no additional funds will
be required for up gradation and rehabilitation of this one km.
For further details, please refer to the main EIA report of Sharifabad - Kanju Road and
Addendum to the EIA for 3.00 km.
1.3 Project Classification
The project only involves up gradation and rehabilitation of an existing road along an
existing route of 1.00 km with no major changes in the Right of Way (RoW) of road in an
area with little environmental and/or social sensitivity. Therefore, the project falls in
Category “B” according to the World Bank’s Operational Policies.
1.4 Overview of the EIA
As stated earlier, the EIA for the main project of Sharif Abad to Kanju Road has already
been approved by the EPA with an NOC issued on July 26, 2011. Similarly NOC for an
additional 3.00 km long Dadahara to Sharif Abad has also been issued on October 10,
2012.
For the preparation of the mentioned documents, data was collected through field
surveys, public consultation and literature research. Consultations were also carried out
with the stakeholders. Prior to preparation of the Environment Management Plan (EMP),
Screening and scoping of the study was carried out. Women consultations were carried
out to create a gender balance.
All related regulations and protocols were also discussed in that study.
A comprehensive EMP prepared for the main project accompanied by an effective
Environment Management Monitoring Plan (EMMP) and supported by an institutional
arrangement will be used for this 1.00 km long stretch also.
The total cost of managing the environmental aspects was worked out to be Pak Rs.
0.21 Million.
The EIA and both the addendums at the end showed that potentially negative impacts
associated with the proposed project were mostly moderate and reversible in nature,
easily addressed with the help of appropriately designed and effectively implemented
mitigation measures proposed in the report.
9
Figure 1.1: Project Area Location
Figure 1.2: Project Location
MADYAN
CHAKDARA
KANJU
SHARIFABAD
MDTF Sponsored Section
Length: 10.5 Km.
JANWARN (DADAHAR)
A
Additional Length: 3.0 km. Additional
Length: 1.0 km.
DADAHARA
2.0 Policy, Law and Protocols
The policy framework, national legislation and international protocols applicable to the
Sharifabad - Kanju Road are also applicable to this project. The project is expected to
comply with the national legislation relating to environment in Pakistan and to obtain all
regulatory clearances required. The project at the same time has to conform to the
operational manuals of the donor and the environmental safeguards provided therein.
OP Description Actions
(OP 4.01) Environmental Assessment None of the potential impacts of the
project are likely to be large scale,
unprecedented and/or irreversible,
the project has been classified as
Category B
An EMP has been developed for the
mitigation of negative impacts
(OP 4.12) Involuntary Resettlement The resettlement impacts of the
project will be managed in
accordance with this OP and
addendum to Resettlement Action
Plan is under preparation.
(OP 4.36) Forestry None as OP 4.36 is not triggered
(OP 4.09) Pest Management None as OP 4.09 is not relevant
(OP 4.37) Safety of Dams None as OP 4.37 is not relevant
(OP 7.50) Projects on International
Waterways
None as OP 7.50 is not relevant
(OP 4.11) Cultural Property None as OP 7.50 is not unlikely
(OP 4.10) Indigenous People None as OP 4.10 is not triggered
(OP 7.60) Projects in Disputed Areas None as OP 7.60 is not relevant
12
3.0 Description of the Project
3.1 Location
The road is located on the right bank of the River Swat in the Swat district of KP
province of Pakistan (see maps in Figures – 1.1 and 1.2).
3.2 Road Length
The 10.5 km long Sharifabad to Kanju section of road is financed by the World Bank.
The additional one km long segment will be upgraded and rehabilitated with the
assistance of savings in the main project.
3.3 Existing Road Dimensions
The existing RoW of the road is about 4.5 – 5.0 m wide. In consideration of proposed
widening of the road and envisaged protection works both for hillside and valley side
slopes, the RoW has been proposed to extend up to 12 m. However, to avoid the
resettlement issues, proposed RoW will be reduced up to the available space and even
at ribbon development areas, RoW may confined up to the existing RoW and broad
cross section will be accommodated within the available space. (Source: Inception Report for
Upgradation / Rehabilitation of Road from Chakdara to Madyan on Right Bank of Swat River).
3.4 Drainage Structures
Key structures included in the project are given in Table 3.1.
Table 3.1: Key Project Features / Structures
Feature / Structure No / Description
Culverts 5
Covered Side Drain On both sides of road in built up area
Foot Path Covered side drain will be used as foot
path
3.5 Link Roads
No link road join the project road.
13
3.6 Scope of Work
The scope of work and proposed improvements of the selected reach under the
Rehabilitation / Upgradation of Chakdara – Madyan Road is described below:
Provision of culverts at suitable locations has been made in the design to carry
the load of the surrounding areas.
A retaining wall will be provided where necessary to check the erosion of
embankment by the rains or failure of the slopes due to scouring or otherwise.
A guard rail will be provided for embankment heights greater than 3.00 m.
No particular public facilities have been proposed except road furniture and
signage.
Intersection of earthen/paved tracks will be improved.
3.7 Length–wise Description of the Project
Length wise description of features along the alignment is given in Table 3.2:
Table 3.2: Main Features along the Alignment
Chainage Description
1. km 26+424 - km 27+424
The terrain of area is generally flat. The
surrounding open land is used for
agriculture.
3.8 Existing Road Condition
The existing road passes through cultivated lands in plain area on the Right Bank of
River Swat. The existing road is narrow and in poor condition. This section is about 1.00
Km in length and carries a little passenger and freight traffic. Overall condition of the
road is very poor to fair. Major distress includes: Raveling, Cracking and Patching. Width
of road is about 3.5 m at most location. This section from km 26+424 to km 27+424 is
single lane and in poor condition. The pictorial view of project section is given in Figure
3.1.
14
Figure 3.1: Pictorial View of Project Road
Winding road between fields Narrow road with fields on both sides
3.9 Design Criteria
Design Criteria for horizontal and vertical alignment of project is given in Table 3.3.
Table 3.3: Design Criteria
Element / Design Parameter Unit
For Plain &
Rolling
Terrain
For Hilly
Terrain
For
Mountainous
Terrain
Design Speed km/h 80 55 40
Width of Travel Way m 7.3 7.3 7.3
Out Shoulder Width m 2.0 2.0 2.0
Inner Shoulder Width m 2.0 2.0 2.0
Cross–slope Carriageway % 2 2 2
Cross–slope Shoulders % 4 4 4
Maximum Gradient % 4 7 9
Super-elevation Run–off m 43 33 30
Source: PC-I for Upgradation / Rehabilitation of Road from Chakdara to Madyan on Right Bank of Swat
River
The typical cross sections of project road for built up area and rural area are
given in Figures 3.2 and 3.3.
3.10 Work and Material
3.10.1 Estimated Work / Major Work Items
Estimated quantum of work involved in project is given in Table 3.4.
15
Table 3.4: Estimated Work
Works Quantity / Value
Road Length 1.0 km
Average Embankment Height 1.0 m
Culverts 5
3.10.2 Materials Requirement
An estimate of quantities of different materials required for construction of project road is
given in Table 3.5.
Table 3.5: Construction Material Requirement
Material / Item Unit Quantity
Earth Work Excavation for Road and Structure
Works cubic meters 9650
Formation of Embankment from Roadway
Excavation and Borrow Material cubic meters 8764
Granular and Common Backfill for structures cubic meters 50
Granular Sub Base Course cubic meters 2000
Aggregate Base Course cubic meters 2200
Asphaltic Base course Plant Mix (Class–A) cubic meters 350
Asphaltic Concrete for Wearing Course (Class–B) cubic meters 690
Concrete cubic meters 850
Reinforcement Steel Ton 10
Figure 3.2: Typical Cross Section of Road in Built-up Area
Source: Design Drawings for Package-I, Phase-I, Sharifabad – Kanju Section of Chakdara to Madyan on Right Bank of Swat River
17
Figure 3.3: Typical Cross Section of Road In Rural Area
Source: Design Drawings for Package-I, Phase-I, Sharifabad – Kanju Section of Chakdara to Madyan on Right Bank of Swat River
3.11 Raw Material Availability
Sources of different raw materials required for construction are given in Table 3.6.
Table 3.6: Raw Material Availability
Raw Material Availability
Borrow material Along the Road
Stones for retaining walls
and rip rap. km 29+000, km 36+500
Stone for sub-base,
aggregate base course,
asphalt courses
River Pit Run Gravel for sub-base, Dayar Shah
Crushing plant located near km 27+000, &
36+000 for aggregate base courses and
asphalt courses
Bitumen Refineries in Karachi or Rawalpindi
Asphalt Refineries in Karachi or Rawalpindi
Brick Mardan
Sand Sand of River Swat flood plain at km 24+500
Clean water for specific
uses. Swat River Water
Other water for compaction
and sprinkling. Seasonal nullahs crossing the road
Reinforcement Steel Nearby Market
G.I. Pipes Nearby Market
Cement Nearby factories
3.12 Machinery to be used
The machinery like graders, batching plants, asphalt mixing plants and others already
working on the project will be utilized as given in Table 3.7:
19
Table 3.7: Machinery Requirement
Machinery Quantity
Graders 1
Tractors 2
Vibratory Rollers 01
Asphalt Mixing Plants 1
Stone Crushers 1
Batching Plants 1
Water Bowsers/Sprinklers 2
Oil Tankers 1
Haulage Trucks 3
Excavators / Loaders 2
Small Vehicles 2
Dozer – D–9, D–10 2
Shift Roller 3
Asphalt Machine 1
3.13 Equipment and Installations
The equipment and installation already available on the project will be utilized as given
in Table 3.8:
Table 3.8: Equipment and Installation
Equipment / Installation Quantity
Fire Extinguishing Equipment 2
Electricity Generator 2
Water Pumping Equipment 2
Communication System 4
3.14 Construction Schedule
The construction / upgradation / rehabilitation of Sharifabad – Kanju road has
commenced in September 2011 and the work is due for completion by October 2013
with a completion time of two years. The additional length of 3+1 km will also be
completed within the completion time of the main project.
3.15 Construction Logistics
3.15.1 Work Base
The work base has been setup almost in the middle.
20
3.15.2 Labor Supply
The contractor is contractually bound to employ maximum local people except for jobs
the local expertise is not available. The Table 3.9 gives an illustrative picture of the labor
employment.
Table 3.9: Illustrative Distribution of Labor
Type of Labor Local Non–local Total
Skilled 40 60 100%
Semiskilled 50 50 100%
Unskilled 100 0 100%
By and large the daily wage rates fixed by the local commissioner will be used.
3.15.3 Labor Camps
Labor camp is located in Kabal Township on Sharifabad – Kanju Road. Although a
majority of the labor force come from local sources, they get picked up and dropped by
contractor transport. Some unskilled, most semiskilled and skilled workers may have to
be brought in by contractor from far off towns who lives in camps. Due to its location
near the work base, the camp makes the work access easy to the camp dwellers.
3.15.4 Machinery Maintenance and Equipment Yards
The machinery and equipment has been accommodated in the open yard available near
a petrol pump in km 33+000. The yard has enough storage and haulage space with
ample moving and working space. The yard is walled provided with ample security staff.
3.15.5 Material Depots
Near the work base, material depots for storing construction material with ample open
space for storing stones shingles and bricks have been established. Store keepers to
keep account of incoming and outgoing material have been deputed on these sites.
3.15.6 Machinery Repair Workshops
The contactor has established his own workshop for repair of vehicles and other similar
machinery at the Maintenance and Equipment Yards.
3.15.7 Approach to Work Bases
Since, the work base has been established close to the road under construction, so
already existing road provide easy access to the work base. Ample government land is
available on either side for the project road which is used for making supplementary
access road and paths to the work base.
21
3.15.8 Petrol Pump and CNG Pump
The machinery and equipment has been accommodated in the open yard available near
a petrol pump in km 33+000 which also helps in avoiding any delay in construction work
due to non-availability of diesel for his construction Machinery.
3.15.9 Camp Offices
Adjacent to labor camp and adjacent to work base, the contractor has located camp
offices in Kabal Township on Sharifabad – Kanju Road.
3.15.10 Security Arrangements
Given the prevailing condition in the area where project is to be implemented, necessary
security staff is essential. Enough security is provided at Work Base, Labor Camp,
Material Store, Equipment Yards and location of the work in progress on the work site.
Coordination with nearby Police, Army and Levy Units has also been ensured.
3.15.11 Healthcare
With a large number of labor and employees working in the project of road construction,
small accidents are expected to take place on all construction sites. Healthcare
arrangements at site have been established by the contractor.
3.15.12 Labor Reporting Office
Along the road and in work bases special areas have been marked where the labor can
gather at the time of pick and drop, emergency or briefing and places have been clearly
marked and kept open and clean and as per requirement equipped with public address
system.
3.15.13 Labor Transport
Arrangements have been made to pick and drop local labor every day. It helps them to
spend nights of their households and render some services at home. This also keeps
the camps less pressurized and manageable.
3.15.14 Work Uniform and Health Safety Equipment
Road construction is a special job and the labor working on such work requires special
protective uniforms and special HSE measures. It has been ensured that the labor
engaged in breaking of stones, handling bricks, mixing concrete or mixing and laying
asphalt have long boots overall dresses, goggles and safety hats. As an overall HSE
measure anyone going into the construction area also wears safety hat.
22
3.15.15 Signage
During construction on construction site in particular and on the entire road length in
general, suitable signboards and traffic signs have been displayed at all along the length
of the project road. This helps in forestalling any possible accidents.
3.15.16 Lighting and Illumination
Suitable lighting arrangement have been made by the contractor over all work basis,
work sites, camp sites machinery yard and material depots. This can help the contractor
for extended working hours as well as security. If WAPDA electric supply is not
available, electricity generators have been to be arranged on all spots where lighting is
required.
3.16 Safe Design Criteria
To meet international standards envisaged by the World Bank, the following design
criteria have been adopted in the project:
Geometric Design : AASHTO
Material Testing : ASTM
Structure : ACI
Structure Loads : Class A – AA as per FHA approval
Seismic Design : UBC 97 and SIS Building Code based
on Seismic Study Zone Maps
Curve Widening : 0.6 to 1.6 depending upon length
3.17 Estimated Project Cost
Final design and drawings of the additional 1.00 km section have been finalized: This
1.00 km will be upgraded/rehabilitated within the financial assistance of Friends of
Pakistan through the World Bank to the tune of US$ 8.0 million which is equivalent to
about PKR. 680 million and no additional funds will be required.
23
4.0 Baseline Study of Project Area
The road section under the proposed project passes through comparatively flat valley.
The corridor is located in the watershed of Swat river which itself flows into the Kabul
river. Climatically the area has cold winter and relatively mild summers. Rainfall is mainly
received during monsoons and spring. The river Swat receives flash floods periodically.
Extremely cold winds blow during winters. Ambient air is generally clean.
No endangered species are reported in the selected reach of the section. No game
reserves and wildlife sanctuaries exist in the vicinity of Project Area. Common mammals
found in the area include Jackal, Fox, Porcupine, Jungle Cat, Hare, Rats, mice and other
rodent mammals. Domestic animals include goats, sheep, buffaloes and cows. Also
found on the higher snowy peaks are the wild mountain sheep (markhor, the national
animal of Pakistan), black and brown bear, panther and musk deer. Common reptiles in
the area include snakes, krait, frog, lizards. Scorpions and spider are other poisonous
creatures of the area.
No wetland lies within close vicinity of the Project corridor except Swat River which flows
all along the Project route. But it is not functioning as wet land due to high velocity and
absence of pounding actions.
Vegetation of the project area falls under humid–temperate latifoliate forest. Dominate
tree species consists of Chir. Shisham, Mulberry, Bakain, Eucalyptus, Rubinea and Kao
are the other varieties found in the project area. Fruit trees in Project Area include Apple,
Pear, Peaches, Walnut and Guava. Grasses consist of Nari, Lavindar, Deela, Trakla.
Rich ground flora of many herbs including vibrunum, lonicera. A number of medicinal
plants are found in the area including Tarkha (Artemizia species), Unab (Zizyphus
Sativa), Althea (Althaca Officinalis), Banafsha (Viola serpens), Mushki Bala (Valeriana
species) and Sufed (Asparagus species). No endangered floral species were reported in
the Project Area.
Swat River is endowed with Brown Trout Fish which is allowed to be caught by angling
under license from Fisheries Department.
There are no protected areas or endangered species in the area.
There is no industry in the area. Agriculture is restricted to comparatively flat areas or
terraces. Jirga system is still the most dependable social unit. Almost 100 percent
population is Muslims. Women form a less favored section of the society. Child labor is
common.
Further details of the baseline conditions are presented in the main EIA report.
24
5.0 Environmental Impact Assessment and
Mitigation Measures
5.1 Explanation of Impact Assessment
This section provides a brief explanation of key potential impacts suggesting mitigation
measures for the adverse impacts.
5.1.1 Site for Disposal of Waste Construction Material
Due to some cutting involved, there may be surplus earth or waste construction material
which needs disposal.
Mitigation
The construction waste material will be disposed off in allowed/approved selected barren
spots. No waste material will be thrown into the river or water bodies.
5.1.2 Location of Labor Camps, Material Depots, Equipment Yards and Approach
Roads
The labor camps, material depot, equipment yard and approach roads has been located
on either side of the road at suitable locations.
Mitigation
The contractor, in consultation with RE, selected the location of all these facilities at
suitable locations.
5.1.3 Contamination from Diesel and Other Oil Spills from Construction Machinery
Any leakage or spillage of diesel, oil or any other chemical will contaminate the soil
which may in turn impact the water sources, nearby community and/or productive land.
Mitigation
Contractor apply strict rules on his workers and labor to ensure that no spill or leakages
are caused. All fuels, oils and bitumen are stored appropriately, to check containment in
case of leakage. If the spills or leakages do take place, it is followed by the treatment
prescribed in the EIA report.
25
5.1.4 Damage to Roads, Cross Drainages
Damage to roads, cross drainages can arise through carelessness of the heavy
machinery drivers or operators if the drivers/operators are not made aware, trained and
bound to be careful.
Mitigation
Contractor will impose strict control over operators and drivers of all types of vehicles to
minimize any damage to roads or structures. Should any damage take place, the
contractor will carry out repairs immediately.
5.1.5 Release of Construction Water and Dumping of Soil
Uncontrolled release of construction water or dumping of excess soil/rubbles can
destroy/damage the nearby structures, slopes, and private property, potentially leading
to significant damage.
Mitigation
The contractor will make arrangements to avoid such leakages, uncontrolled releases,
and dumping of soil/rubbles. Should such leakage develop, the contractor must remain
fully prepared to immediately control the discharge.
5.1.6 Impact of Borrowing Material from Earth Borrow Sites
A large quantity of earth will be removed from borrow pits located within the state land
on either side of the road. This can potentially cause slope instability, loss of soil/land
productivity, uneven terrain, and altered drainage.
Mitigation
The borrow areas will be selected after obtaining approval from the RE. The contractor
will ensure that the borrowing does not cause slope instability, loss of soil/land
productivity, uneven terrain, and altered drainage.
5.1.7 Impact on Roads/Infrastructure used for Transport of construction Materials
including Asphalt, Bitumen
Transport of construction machinery, construction material and construction workers will
cause additional wear and tear of the roads/infrastructure and raise considerable dust.
Mitigation
The contractor will be responsible to repair any damage caused to the local
infrastructure by the construction activities. Water sprinkling will be carried out where
necessary to minimize dust emissions.
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5.1.8 Impact of Stone Quarrying
Inappropriate quarrying practices can lead to unstable slopes, risk of landslides, loss of
top soil, and damage to the natural vegetation.
Mitigation
The government-approved quarry will be selected after obtaining approval from the RE.
It will be ensured that the quarrying does not significantly affect the slope stability, top
soil, and natural vegetation of the area.
5.1.9 Impacts on Surface Water
Inappropriate waste disposal can potentially contaminate the water bodies in turn
affecting the local communities and aquatic biodiversity.
Mitigation
No untreated effluents will be released to the environment. For the toilet waste, the
contractor will establish/install appropriate waste treatment system (such as septic tanks
and soaking pits) at the site facilities (offices, camps, others). The waste water from
kitchen and toilets can be released in soaking pits or used for plantation/water sprinkling.
Oily water must be passed through a settling tank.
5.1.10 Source of Drinking Water
The construction activities can potentially damage/affect the drinking water sources of
the communities. The usage of unsafe water by the construction workers can cause
health problems.
Mitigation
It will be ensured that the drinking water sources of the communities are not affected.
The contractor will repair/replace/compensate for any damages caused by the
construction activities.
The contractor will make arrangements to supply safe drinking water to its staff and
workers.
5.1.11 Protection of Construction Work from Floods
Floods and heavy rains can potentially affect the construction works.
Mitigation
A suitable flood warning system is required to alert the whole implementation unit to
adapt ways and means to adapt safeguards against flesh floods in the river or
27
ephemeral streams. The contractor will make fool proof arrangements in advance to
protect the ongoing construction works from floods.
5.1.12 Effect on Surface Flow Conditions
The road can potentially affect and disrupt the drainage pattern of the area.
Mitigation
Design Engineer will ensure provision of appropriately sized side drains, to avoid
negative impacts on the local drainage pattern. Contractor will follow the design
specifications meticulously.
5.1.13 Dust and gaseous Emissions from Construction Machinery or Asphalt Plants
The construction activities and operation of vehicles and machinery will release exhaust
emissions and also raise dust.
Mitigation
The contractor will ensure that its vehicles, machinery, and generators are properly
designed and maintained, and comply with the applicable NEQS. The asphalt plant will
not be operated without properly functioning dust control system such as wet scrubber.
Water will be sprinkled where necessary to control the dust emissions.
5.1.14 Noise
The construction activities will generate noise, which can potentially affect the
communities, wildlife, and also the construction workers.
Mitigation
The contractor will strictly follow the NEQS for ambient noise.
5.1.15 Impact on any Stream or Water Body
Some stream or water bodies may be affected or blocked by construction of the road.
Mitigation
No dumping will be allowed in a stream or a water body. All streams running across the
road will have culverts or causeways. All streams running parallel to road will be
embanked.
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5.1.16 Damage to Fish and Fisheries
Inappropriate waste disposal in the river water can affect the aquatic fauna.
Mitigation
No untreated waste, excess soil, or garbage will be dumped in the river. River and
streams will not be blocked by the construction activities. No hunting, trapping, or fishing
by the construction workers will be allowed.
5.1.17 Loss of Structures
Although people have encroached the government land within the one km long stretch,
but due to availability of ample space for blacktopped road and the policy of
rehabilitation within the available corridor of construction, no structure will be affected.
5.1.18 Removal of Trees
Total number of public/private fruit bearing / non fruit bearing trees falling within the
proposed RoW comes to about 88. The information in respect of number and ownership
of the trees by type will be submitted in the summarized form and details will be provided
in addendum to SIA report.
Compensation
A compensation will be paid to the owners in accordance with the procedures set out in
the addendum to SIA/Resettlement Action Plan (RAP).
Compensatory tree plantation will be carried out for Forest Department owned trees and
for each tree removed, five saplings will be planted. Depending upon the total number of
trees (as per SIA and RAP report), saplings will be planted by Forest Department for
which adequate provision will be made in the Budget. The Project will ensure
appropriate care and monitoring of this plantation.
5.1.19 Temporary Land Acquisition
Land required for establishing contractor’s facilities including camp, workshop, plants,
borrowing earth material and dumping excess spoil will be acquired directly from private
landowners by the contractor. The provisions of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 will not
be invoked under the proposed Project, as the acquisition of the land will be temporary
and will be covered by short–term lease agreements between the landowners and
contractors under the approval of the Project Engineer. Rental terms will have to be
negotiated to the satisfaction of the landowners concerned.
Compensation
29
The staff of the PKHA and supervisory Consultants will monitor the process of
restoration and ensure, through the terms of the construction contracts, that landowners
are compensated according to the terms of the lease agreements, and the restoration
actions agreed upon by the contractors are duly carried out. The photo–documentation
of the existing land prior to temporarily acquisition should be available, which will be
beneficial to resolve the restoration conflicts between the landowner and contractor.
Similarly, prior to the commencement of construction activities, the Contractor will carry
out base line survey for selecting the camp sites, dumping sites, public and
community/private owned utilities, in conformity with the requirements of SIA study. The
contractor will submit a development plan to the Engineer–in–charge, district
government and EPA (KP), for its scrutiny and approval.
Where the use of agricultural land is unavoidable for borrow of earth material, the top 30
cm of the plough layer will be stripped and stockpiled for redressing the land after the
required borrow material has been removed. In case deep ditching is carried out, the top
1 m layer of the ditching will stripped and stockpiled. The ditch will initial filled with scrap
material from construction then leveled with the stockpiled topsoil to make it even with
the rest of the area. It shall be ensured that the scrap does not contain any material that
may produce obnoxious material that would contaminate soil or water resources.
Barren lands or valley side slopes will be used for dumping the excavated spoil material.
Appropriate sites have to be located along the road for this activity.
These facilities will be regularly monitored and cleaning activities implemented during
operation phase to improve the cross drainage facilities of area.
5.1.20 Infrastructure within RoW
No public infrastructures such as schools, hospitals or offices fall within RoW. However,
5 electric poles and 4 telephone poles falling within the RoW will be relocated through
their respective departments. Budgetary provisions for this activity have been made.
Mitigation
The survey has revealed that construction of project will affect 4 telephone and 5 electric
Poles. The per unit relocation cost of these utilities were arrived at after having
discussions with the officials of these departments and are provided as under.
Electric Pole Rs. 35,000 per Unit
Telephone Pole Rs. 15,000 per Unit
Total cost of relocating the utilities works out to be Rs.235,000 (Rs. 175,000 for electric
poles and Rs. 60,000 for shifting of telephone poles).
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6.0 Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan
(ESMP)
Main instrument of recognition of the Environmental Impact is the Environment
Management Plan (EMP). Implementation of the EMP will be the contractual obligation
of the Contractor. For that he has engaged full time technical staff capable of a carrying
out the prescriptions of the EMP as contractual obligations under the contract document.
The Engineering Supervision Consultants have on their team a full time professional
level Environmental Expert to provide an overall professional cover to the environmental
monitoring process and the procedures and initiate required reports and point out any
gaps in the implementation of the mitigation measures or enforcement of the
prescriptions of the EMP. In KpHA there is an Environmentalist, who monitors and
evaluates (M&E) application of environmental measures at detailed design, bidding and
construction stages. The result of M&E activities will be included as routine element of
reports prepared by the Project Manager for KpHA.
The monitoring program will comprise site inspection designed to determine contractor’s
compliance or otherwise with EMP and applicable regulations and statutes.
To assessment and address the social aspects of the project, a separate social
assessment has been conducted, during which social impacts and their mitigation have
been identified in detail. In addition, social impacts will be managed through the Social
Framework Agreement through DD (Env.), as representative of the KpHA, RE, the
Contractor and the Communities living in the vicinity of the project area.
6.1 Institutional Arrangements
The existing organogram of the KpHA is already adequate (see Figure – 8.1) wherein a
Deputy Director Environment is already functioning. The Consultants have a
professional level Environmental Expert on their panel.
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Figure 66.1: organogram for implementation of emp
6.2 Mitigation Plans
Table 66.1: Environmental Impacts during Construction Phase
Impact Mitigation Responsibility
Mitigation Measure
Contract and Social Framework Agreement
(SFA) Clauses Implementation Supervision Monitoring
1. LAND RESOURCES
1.1 Site for disposal of waste construction material
Controlled disposal of the waste construction material on agreed site per agreed method. The area to be leveled and contoured after disposing excess material. No waste will be thrown in the river or other water bodies.
Contractor’s obligation as defined in the Tender and Contract Documents
Contractor in Collaboration with RE
Supervision Consultants through Environmentalist of supervision consultant (ESC)
(i) Deputy Director Environment (DDE) (ii) Independent Environmental Monitor (IEM) (iii) Donor’s Environmental Monitoring Mission (DEMM)
1.2 Landslides, or unstable soil
Local readjustments in foundation treatment or any other small changes will be allowed to the contractor by the Resident Engineer (RE). Contractor will make all arrangements to
Contractor’s obligation as defined in contract and the Tender document
Contractor and RE
ESC (i) DDE of FHA (ii) IEM (iii) DEMM
Pakhtoonkhwa Highways Authority
Donors Environmental Monitoring Mission
(DEMM)
Contractor’s Environmentalist
Contractor
Environmental Supervision Consultant
(ESC)
Resident Engineer (RE)
Project Director
Donor
Deputy Director Environment (DDE) Resident Engineer
(RE)
32
Impact Mitigation Responsibility
Mitigation Measure
Contract and Social Framework Agreement
(SFA) Clauses Implementation Supervision Monitoring
avoid any land slide caused by the construction activities; remedial actions will be undertaken in case of any such slide.
1.3 Location of camps, materials, equipment and special approach routes and roads
The contractor in consultation with RE, selected the location of all these facilities. The camp/other site facilities have been established on a flat land without much natural vegetation, at least.
Contractor’s obligations to locate these sites in agreement with RE as per contract and community obligation as per SFA
Contractor and RE
ESC (i) DDE of FHA (ii) IEM (iii) DEMM
1.4 Any natural disasters such as heavy rains, floods and earthquakes
Contractor in consultation with RE and local community will resolve the issues, in the best interest of the PkHA. Neither party will, however, be held responsible for any force majeure.
Contactor’s obligation defined in the Tender and contract data and SFA with community
Contractor and RE
ESC (i) DDE of FHA (ii) IEM (iii) DEMM
1.5 Rehabilitation of project extraction sites and storage materials
The borrow areas have been selected after obtaining approval from the RE such that the borrowing does not cause slope instability, loss of soil/land productivity, uneven terrain, and altered drainage.
Contactor’s obligation defined in the Tender and contract data
Contractor and RE
ESC (i) DDE of FHA (ii) IEM (iii) DEMM
1.6 Stabilization of slopes on earth fill works
Appropriate design for protection and minimizing effects of cross flow of streams. Contractor to take all necessary measures for stabilization of slopes.
Preferably whole of problem ought to be mitigated through design For any further eventuality, it is contractor’s obligation to minimize the impact
Contractor and RE
ESC (i) DDE of FHA (ii) IEM (iii) DEMM
1.7 Agriculture land destruction
Cuts, fills, digging and borrow operations to be controlled. Disposal of waste material to be controlled. any damage to the agriculture land
Contractor’s obligations refrain from entering into unauthorized agricultural land to be defined in the contract document clearly. Also clause in SFA
Contractor and RE
ESC (i) DDE of FHA (ii) IEM (iii) DEMM
33
Impact Mitigation Responsibility
Mitigation Measure
Contract and Social Framework Agreement
(SFA) Clauses Implementation Supervision Monitoring
and/or crops to be compensated.
1.8 Contamination from diesel and other spills from construction machinery
Contractor will apply strict rules on his workers and labor to ensure that no spill or leakages are caused. All fuels, oils and bitumen are stored appropriately for containment in case of leakage. The contractor employs the general criteria for oil and leakage at construction sites, as per standards set forth by “Guide Lines for Oil Spill Waste Minimization and Management” issued by International Petroleum Industry Environmental Conservation Associate
Contractor’s obligation defined in the Tender and contract data
Contract and RE ESC (i) DDE of FHA (ii) IEM (iii) DEMM
1.9 Damage to Roads, Cross Drainages
Contractor will prepare standard operating procedures and impose strict control over operators and drivers of all types of vehicles to minimize any damage to roads or structures. Should any damage take place, the contractor will carry out repairs immediately. An effective sinology and a good traffic plan can reinforce the instructions to drivers.
Contract document and drawings to clearly spot such points and contract document may make it contractor’s obligations to make temporary arrangements.
Contract and RE ESC (i) DDE of FHA (ii) IEM (iii) DEMM
1.10 Earthen embankment or concrete work edge scouring on the Protection Bunds or on main sill structure
Edge scouring of earthen embankments or concrete work have been dealt at design stage. During the construction phase this aspect should
Contract document and drawings to indicate such spots and to make it contractor’s obligation to not to allow scouring.
Contract and RE ESC (i) DDE of FHA (ii) IEM (iii) DEMM
34
Impact Mitigation Responsibility
Mitigation Measure
Contract and Social Framework Agreement
(SFA) Clauses Implementation Supervision Monitoring
be addressed through appropriate construction methodology and employing appropriate techniques such as protection walls and rip rap. Contractor will repair all damages to the earthen embankments, concrete works, or pavement edges caused by the construction works.
1.11 Release of Construction Water and Dumping of Soil
The contractor will make adequate arrangements to avoid such leakages, uncontrolled releases, and dumping of soil/rubbles. Should such leakage develop, the contractor must remain fully prepared to immediately control the discharge. The contractor will be liable to pay for or repair such damages.
Provision in the Tender and contract documents and drawings
Contract and RE ESC (i) DDE of FHA (ii) IEM (iii) DEMM
1.12 Any discharge spill or dumping onto any building or house on the bank of the road
It will be protected by a wall, retaining walls or rip–rap works as the case may be
Contract document and drawing
Contract and RE ESC (i) DDE of FHA (ii) IEM (iii) DEMM
1.13. Impact on Roads/Infrastructure
The contractor will be responsible to repair any damage caused to the local infrastructure by the construction activities. Water sprinkling will be carried out where necessary to minimize dust emissions.
Contract document and drawing
Contract and RE ESC (i) DDE of FHA (ii) IEM (iii) DEMM
1.14. Impacts of stone quarrying
The government-approved quarry has been selected after obtaining approval from the
Contract document and drawing
Contract and RE ESC (i) DDE of FHA (ii) IEM (iii) DEMM
35
Impact Mitigation Responsibility
Mitigation Measure
Contract and Social Framework Agreement
(SFA) Clauses Implementation Supervision Monitoring
RE. It will be ensured that the quarrying does not significantly affect the slope stability, top soil, and natural vegetation of the area.
1.15. Soil Compaction due to Labor Camps and Machinery Yards
The contractor will restore the area under its temporary facilities. Photographs taken at the time of establishment of these facilities will be used for this purpose.
Contract document and drawing
Contract and RE ESC (i) DDE of FHA (ii) IEM (iii) DEMM
2. WATER RESOURCES
2.1 Impact of Sourcing of Construction Water
The contractor will procure water from a source approved by the RE, and if necessary, after obtaining the community consent. It will be ensured that this procurement of water does not negatively affect the communities or other water users.
Contract Documents and Contractor’s obligations
Contract and RE ESC (i) DDE of FHA (ii) IEM (iii) DEMM
2.2 Diesel and other fluids spilling over to streams water from construction machinery
The contractor will make all necessary arrangement to avoid any leakages or spills of fuels, oils and chemicals. In case of any accidental leakages, the procedures presented in Section 7.2.5 of the main EIA will be applied
Contractor’s obligations to be clearly defined in contract document
Contract and RE ESC (i) DDE of FHA (ii) IEM (iii) DEMM
2.3 Protection of construction work from flood river or any ephemeral streams
A suitable flood warning system is required to alert the whole implementation unit to adapt ways and means to adapt safeguards against flesh floods in the river or ephemeral streams. The contractor will make
Contractor’s obligation and drawings to keep contractor alert equipped against any such eventuality. He must be in touch with flood information centre.
Contract and RE ESC (i) DDE of FHA (ii) IEM (iii) DEMM
36
Impact Mitigation Responsibility
Mitigation Measure
Contract and Social Framework Agreement
(SFA) Clauses Implementation Supervision Monitoring
fool proof arrangements in advance to protect the ongoing construction works from floods, as per information received from the meteorological department or any other type of flood warning system.
2.4 Obstruction of flow of water across road
The road design will include adequately designed bridges and culverts at the appropriate locations. The contractor will ensure that these water bodies/water courses are not blocked during the construction phase.
Contractor’s obligation and coordination. Provisions in SFA to prepare communities.
Contract and RE XEN of the area
ESC (i) DDE of FHA (ii) IEM (iii) DEMM
1.5. Impacts on Surface Water
No untreated effluents will be released to the environment. For the toilet waste, the contractor will establish/install appropriate waste treatment system (such as septic tanks and soaking pits – appropriately sized and located) at the site facilities (offices, camps, others). The waste water from kitchen and toilets can be released in soaking pits or used for plantation/water sprinkling. Oily water must be passed through a settling tank. The contractor will prepare a waste management plan and have it approved by the RE.
Contractor’s obligations to be clearly defined in contract document
Contract and RE ESC (i) DDE of FHA (ii) IEM (iii) DEMM
1.6. Source of Drinking Water
It will be ensured that the drinking water sources of the communities
Contractor’s obligations to be clearly defined in contract document
Contract and RE ESC (i) DDE of FHA (ii) IEM (iii) DEMM
37
Impact Mitigation Responsibility
Mitigation Measure
Contract and Social Framework Agreement
(SFA) Clauses Implementation Supervision Monitoring
are not affected. The contractor will repair/replace/compensate for any damages caused by the construction activities.
1.7. Effect on Surface Flow Conditions
Design Engineer will ensure provision of appropriately sized side drains, to avoid negative impacts on the local drainage pattern. Contractor will follow the design specifications meticulously. During the construction phase, the contractor will make temporary drains and embankments where necessary to channel the runoff appropriately.
Contractor’s obligations to be clearly defined in contract document
Contract and RE ESC (i) DDE of FHA (ii) IEM (iii) DEMM
3. AIR QUALITY AND NOISE POLLUTION
3.1 Dust and smoke and other potential pollutants from construction machinery
The contractor will ensure that its vehicles, machinery, and generators are properly designed and maintained, and comply with the applicable NEQS. The asphalt plant will not be operated without properly functioning dust control system such as wet scrubber. Water will be sprinkled where necessary to control the dust emissions.
Contractor’s obligation defined in the Tender and contract documents
Contract and RE ESC (i) DDE of FHA (ii) IEM (iii) DEMM
3.2 Dust or other pollutants from stored materials and spoil heaps
The material being transported or stored at the stockpiles will be kept covered where necessary to avoid dust emissions.
Contractor’s obligation defined in the Tender and contract documents
Contract and RE ESC (i) DDE of FHA (ii) IEM (iii) DEMM
3.3 Smoke from burning of waste materials or burning
The contractor use clean and smoke free fuel in the labor
Contractor’s obligation defined in contract and Tender documents to
Contract and RE ESC (i) DDE of FHA (ii) IEM
38
Impact Mitigation Responsibility
Mitigation Measure
Contract and Social Framework Agreement
(SFA) Clauses Implementation Supervision Monitoring
of firewood in the labor camp.
camp. Cutting and burning trees / shrubs for fuel is prohibited. Instead gas cylinders are used in the labor camp for cooking purposes. Similarly waste burning is not allowed. The contractor will prepare waste management plan and have it approved by the RE.
refrain from burning waste material and fuel wood and to provide substitute for fuel wood e.g. gas cylinders
(iii) DEMM
3.4 Noise control from use of old or outdated machinery
The contractor will strictly follow the NEQS for ambient noise. All necessary measures such as noise barriers will be taken to reduce the noise particularly near the communities. The personal protective equipment (PPE) will be provided to the construction workers and its usage will be made mandatory.
Contractor’s obligation defined in the Tender and contract documents
Contract and RE ESC (i) DDE of FHA (ii) IEM (iii) DEMM
3.5. Physical Loss of Any Stream or Water Body
No dumping will be allowed in a stream or a water body. All streams running across the road will have culverts or causeways. All streams running parallel to road will be embanked.
Contractor’s obligation defined in the Tender and contract documents
Contract and RE ESC (i) DDE of FHA (ii) IEM (iii) DEMM
4. Biological Resources
4.1 Damage to Biological resources during construction
No clearance of vegetation or killing, hunting, or trapping of wild animal is allowed. Compensation will be paid for any tree cutting on the private land. Compensatory tree plantation will be carried out and for each tree removed, five saplings will be planted. The
Contractor’s obligation in the contract to respect wildlife, Forest and Fisheries Laws. A special clause incorporated in the contract documents to respect and conserve biodiversity and conserve its terrestrial as well as aquatic habitat. To provide necessary Sign Boards to make labor, visitors and all concerned aware of their
Contract and RE ESC (i) DDE of FHA (ii) IEM (iii) DEMM
39
Impact Mitigation Responsibility
Mitigation Measure
Contract and Social Framework Agreement
(SFA) Clauses Implementation Supervision Monitoring
Project will ensure appropriate care and monitoring of this plantation. Camps and other temporary facilities will be established in a manner that minimizes loss of natural vegetation including trees. Borrow material will be obtained without causing any damage to the natural vegetation.
obligations towards Biota.
4.2 Damage to Biological resources during construction
Special checks from time to time in collaboration with local communities
To facilitate inspections by Wildlife, Forest and Fisheries Officers to ensure a proper implementation of the relevant laws. To involve communities through SFA
Contract and RE ESC (i) DDE of FHA (ii) IEM (iii) DEMM
40
Table 6.2: Social Impacts
Social Risk Mitigation Responsibility Construction
Stage
Temporary Land Acquisition
Land required for dumping excess spoil will be acquired directly from private landowners by the contractor. The provisions of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 will not be invoked, as the acquisition of the land will be temporary and will be covered by short–term lease agreements between the landowners and contractors under the approval of the Project Engineer. Rental terms will have to be negotiated to the satisfaction of the landowners concerned.
The staff of the PkHA and supervisory Consultants will monitor the process of restoration and ensure, through the terms of the construction contracts, that landowners are compensated according to the terms of the lease agreements, and the restoration actions agreed upon by the contractors are duly carried out. The photo–documentation of the existing land prior to temporarily acquisition should be available, which will be beneficial to resolve the restoration conflicts between the landowner and contractor.
Contractor, PE, DD (Env) PkHA
Construction
As far as possible, waste /
barren land i.e. areas not under agricultural, residential or forestation use, and natural areas will be used for borrow material (if required) and setting up project facilities.
Contractor / PE Construction
Where the use of agricultural land is unavoidable for borrow of earth material, the top 30 cm of the plough layer will be stripped and stockpiled for redressing the land after the required borrow material has been removed. In case deep ditching is carried out, the top 1 m layer of the ditching will stripped and stockpiled. The ditch will initial filled with scrap material from construction then leveled with the stockpiled topsoil to make it even with the rest of the area. It shall be ensured that the scrap does not contain any material that may produce obnoxious material that would contaminate soil or water resources.
Contractor / PE Construction
Barren lands or valley side slopes will be used for dumping the excavated spoil material. Appropriate sites have to be located along the road for this activity.
Contractor / PE Construction
These facilities will be regularly monitored and cleaning activities implemented during operation phase to improve the cross drainage facilities of area.
DD (Env),PkHA Operation
41
Social Risk Mitigation Responsibility Construction
Stage
Increased risk of accidents caused by partial closure of road during construction
During construction activities, traffic flow will be disturbed. At sections passing through populated areas, there will be limited scope for providing diversion tracks for the mobility of local and thorough traffic that will increase the risk of accidents.
Proper site specific measures will be carried out in consultation with supervisory consultants to ensure the safety of population residing along and around the project corridor. Site specific Traffic Management Plans (TMPs) will be prepared and implemented by the Contractor with the approval of the Project Engineer.
Contractor / PE Construction
Taking necessary measures to ensure the safety of traffic during construction, including barricades (including signs, pavement markings, flags, and lights) erected as required by the FHA and set up as per local regulations.
Contractor / PE Construction
Coordinating construction work such that part of the carriageway at a time is upgraded leaving the other part available to serve one way traffic. Construction work will be carried out in small stretches instead of a long stretch.
Contractor / PE Construction
As a result of road improvement the traffic volume will increase during operation stage, there may be safety hazards for the locals residing along the edge of the road as well as vehicular traffic.
During operation stage PkHA will make arrangements with some organization / contractor for proper maintenance and operation of the road. Periodic inspections will be made by contracted firm to identify the problem areas and their remedial measures. For this purpose the firm should be fully equipped and there should be contingency plan in case of any emergency / natural disaster.
PkHA Operation
Problems to Health and Safety of Labor and Employees on Construction Work and Provision of Safety Equipment to Workers on Site.
Occurrence of accidents / incidents during the construction activities, particularly from excavation activities is common. The workers and general public residing along the project corridor or near the work sites will particularly be at risk.
Complying with the safety precautions for construction workers as per International Labour Organization (ILO) Convention No. 62, as far as applicable to the project contract.
Contractor / PE Construction
Training of workers in construction safety procedures, social awareness, equipping all construction workers with safety boots, helmets, gloves, and protective masks, and monitoring their proper and sustained usage.
Contractor / PE Construction
42
Social Risk Mitigation Responsibility Construction
Stage
Contractor staff while on work may get injuries.
Contractor will ensure the provision of medicines, first aid kits, vehicle, etc. at the camp site.
Contractor / PE Construction
Gender Issues
According to the findings of the socioeconomic survey, the rural women normally use the open field latrines and their privacy may suffer due to the project activities. Moreover, they actively participate in other outdoor socioeconomic activities such as livestock rearing, bringing of potable water, etc which may also be affected by the project activities.
The Contractor will select the specific timings for the construction activities particularly near the settlements, so as to cause least disturbance to the local population particularly women.
Contractor / PE Construction
The Contractor will carry out the construction activities in such a way that the open field latrine usage timings by the local community particularly women, should not be affected. The normal timings to use the toilet facilities by the rural women are early in the morning and at late in the evening. So, the Contractor will have to take care of these timings.
Contractor / PE Construction
The induction of outside labor may create social and gender issues due to the unawareness of local customs and norms. It may also cause hindrance to the mobility of local women for working in the field, herding livestock, picking fuel wood, etc.
Contractor will take due care of the local community and observe sanctity of local customs and traditions by his staff. Contractor will warn the staff strictly not to involve in any un–ethical activities and to obey the local norms and cultural restrictions particularly with reference to women.
Contractor / PE Construction
During construction activities, if privacy of the nearby households is affected, the Contractor will inform the house owner to make some arrangements. Similarly, Contractor will take care as much as possible that the construction activities should not affect the privacy particularly with reference to women.
Contractor / PE Construction
43
Social Risk Mitigation Responsibility Construction
Stage
Social Conflicts and Employment of Locals on the Project
The presence of outside construction workers may cause some degree of social disruption and even active disputes with the local community as a result of social / cultural differences. This particularly relates to the disruption of the privacy of women working in the fields or even in the yards of their houses, should the house lying at lower elevation than the working sites. Likewise the risk of theft of the community assets by the Contractor workers and vice versa may occur.
Good relations with the local communities will be promoted by encouraging Contractors to provide opportunities for skilled and unskilled employment to the locals, as well as on–the–job training in construction for young people. Contractor will restrict his permanent staff to mix with the locals to avoid any social problems.
The Contractor will warn the workers not to involve in any theft activities and if anyone would involve in such type of activities, he will have to pay heavy penalty and would be handed over to police. Similarly, at the time of employing, Contractor has to take care that the workers should be of good repute. The Contractor camp will be properly fenced and main gate will be locked at night with a security guard to check the theft issues from community side.
Contractor / PE Construction
Rise in the Prices of Essential Commodities
Due to induction of outside labour for project works, the demand for basic items will increase thereby causing an increase in the prices of essential commodities
The project will exert no negative impacts on the prices of essential commodities. It is estimated that project will employ skilled and un–skilled staff. Most of the un–skilled labour will be recruited from the local areas. As such there will be no extraordinary increase in the demand for essential or other commodities. The Contractor, will, however, be required to maintain the field camps supplies from the main Mingora market.
Contractor Construction
Use of Local Water Supplies and Other Common Resources
Local water supplies will be required to meet campsite and construction requirements, bringing its use into competition with the use by the local communities.
The contractor will explore the alternative water resource so that the existing community water resources are not impacted. No existing water source under the use of community will be exploited by the Contractor for campsite facilities as well as construction purposes.
Contractor Construction
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Social Risk Mitigation Responsibility Construction
Stage
Local water may be affected due to implementation of project both in quantity as well as quality.
Availability of water for campsite facilities and construction purposes will be ensured by the Contractor prior to start of construction activities. As per Local Government Act, the contractor will seek approval from the local government for exploitation of the water resources.
Contractor / PE / Local Govt.
The Contractor will be required to maintain close liaison with local communities to ensure that any potential conflicts related to common resource utilization for project purposes are resolved quickly.
Contractor
The contractor will prepare guidelines for the workers for minimizing the wastage of water during construction activities and at campsites.
Contractor
Possibility of Spread of HIV / AIDS Amongst the Project labor and Adjoining Population
Contractor to arrange HIV / AIDS awareness programs in the field camps on regular basis by a qualified expert / doctor.
Contractor will provide recreational facilities such as playing volleyball of football after the work hours.
Similarly, he will provide indoor recreation in terms of radio and TV at the eating place.
The Contractor will ensure regular medical check–up of the camp staff from a qualified doctor on fortnightly basis. If any person found affected with any of the transmittal diseases will be immediately shifted from the camp to the hospital for detailed check–up and treatment. The cost will be borne by the Contractor.
Contractor will restrict his permanent staff to mix with the locals to avoid any social and health problems.
Recreational Facilities for Public The Contractor will ensure the restoration and rehabilitation of construction and camp sites on completion of the project.
Contractor Post Construction
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Social Risk Mitigation Responsibility Construction
Stage
PkHA will develop parks particularly for children and ladies at appropriate sites along the road to provide them better recreational opportunities. This will also attract the outside tourists as well, thus increasing the incomes of the local people through increased socio–economic activities.
PkHA Post Construction
FHA should carry out tree plantation along the road.
Restricted Mobility
During the construction phase the general mobility of the local residents and their livestock in and around the project area is likely to be hindered. Likewise access to the natural resource may be affected. This particularly implies to the women and children.
The contractor will ensure that the mobility of the local communities and their livestock is not hindered by the construction activities. The contractor will provide crossing points at the road at appropriate places to facilitate the people for going across the road for their daily works and having free access to the natural resources.
Contractor / PE Construction
Construction activities, particularly excavation and movement of haul truck and machinery may disrupt the existing tracks leading from the main road to settlements. This will limit the accessibility of the local population to the main road.
Generally the contractor will avoid using the village tracks for hauling the construction material. However, if it is unavoidable, the existing ones will be widened, overlaid with shingle or surface treated to accommodate local as well as contractors traffic under the approval of the Project Engineer.
Contractor / PE Construction
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Table 66.3: Operational Phase
1. Strict application of prescribed Monitoring & Engineering plan
Resident Engineering Executive Engineering Duty bound
Works done through contractor to according to strict specification and in communication with communities
Resident Engineer / XEN In charge of Highway
Officer(s), authorized by FHA and Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
2. Continuous evaluation of design efficiency
Resident Engineering Executive Engineering Duty bound
Works done through contractor to according strict specification and in communication with communities
Resident Engineer / XEN In charge of the dual Highway
FHA or Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa whosever is i/c of Supervision
3. Understanding and training of operational manual
Resident Engineering Executive Engineering Duty bound
Works done through contractor to according to strict specification and in communication with communities
Resident Engineer / XEN In charge of the dual Highway
FHA or Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa whichever is i/c of the road
4. Environmental Annual Audit
Resident Engineering Executive Engineering Duty bound
Works done through maintenance contractor to according to strict specification and in communication with communities
Resident Engineer / XEN In charge of the dual Highway
FHA or Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa whichever is i/c of the road
5. Regular Maintenance
Resident Engineering / Executive Engineering Duty bound
Works done through maintenance contractor to according to strict specification and in communication with communities
Resident Engineer / XEN In charge dual Highway with the assistance of maintenance
FHA or Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa whosever is i/c of the road
6. Staff welfare Resident Engineering Executive Engineering Duty bound
Works done through contractor to according to strict specification and in communication with communities
Resident Engineer / XEN In charge with the assistance of contractor
FHA or Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa whosever takes over as i/c of the road
7. Continued Public Consultant
Resident Engineer / Executive Engineering Duty bound
Works done through contractor to according to strict specification and in communication with communities
Resident Engineer / XEN In charge of the Highway with the assistance of contractor
FHA or Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa whosever is I/c of the road
8. Continued Gender issues and women Consultants
Resident Engineer / Executive Engineering Duty bound
Works done through contractor to according to strict specification and in communication with communities. To have gender-neutral policy
Resident Engineer / XEN In charge of the Highway with the assistance of contractor
FHA or Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa whosever takes over the management and maintenance of the road
9. Refresher courses for the operational staff
Resident Engineering Executive Engineering Duty bound
Works done through contractor to according to strict specification and in communication with communities.
Resident Engineer / XEN In charge Highway assisted of Consultant
FHA or Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa whoever takes the management and maintenance of the road
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6.3 Environmental Monitoring
The environmental monitoring will be carried out with the help of checklists prepared on
the basis of the Mitigation Plans given in EIA for Sharifabad - Kanju Road. These
checklists will be filled by the contractor’s environment specialist on a regular basis, and
provided to the ESC. All non-compliances recorded in the filled checklists will be
followed up for remediation. The summary of filled checklists, non-compliances and
remedial actions will be included in the progress reports.
The total environmental management cost for the 1.00 km has been estimated to be
about Rs. 0.21 Million.
The social management cost will be reflected in the SIA & RAP report which is under
preparation.
Table 6.4: Cost Estimates for Environmental Management
Environmental Component Quantity Amount
Pak Rs. Details/Basis
Tree Plantation 350 210,000 Cost includes plantation and
maintenance up to three years
Total Environmental Management Cost = 210,000