(adam) y. zhong - principal scientist

(Adam) Yuanzhen Zhong, PhD, Principal [email protected], (201) 895-9588, https://www.linkedin.com/in/adam-yuanzhen-zhong-b6b9201

-------------------------------------- Cover Letter -----------------------------------------------------------

Fort Lee, NJ 07024

Dear Sir/Madam,

I helped companies develop new formulations/products/process/technologies in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, beverage, and polymer industries, by utilizing my enormous expertise and hands-on experience of formulation, raw materials, delivery technology, as well as management ability, communication skills and business/marketing knowledge. Now I am eager to continue making contributions at your company. Ph. D. in Physical Chemistry of Polymers Most recent position: MonoSol Rx, Principal Scientist, new pharmaceutical oral film

(PharmFilm®, thin film) product formulation and development (formulation and excipients are similar to solid oral dosage products), 2012-06 to 2015-10.

Previous positions: o Hartz Mountain, Sr. Scientist, new animal health product formulation and development

(similar to cosmetic products), 2006-04 to 2012-03o PepsiCo, Principal Scientist, new beverage flavor oil delivery technology development,

2002-09 to 2006-04o L'Oreal, Sr. Scientist, new cosmetic product formulation and development, 2001-01 to

2003-06o International Specialty Products (ISP), Group Leader and Research Scientist, new

polymer synthesis and application development, 1990-2000 Technical expertise, experience, and demonstrated rack records:

o Unique knowledge and hands-on experience of both ingredients and consumer product (pharmaceutical, cosmetic and beverage) formulation

o Pharmaceutical experience from R&D laboratory batches to productiono Expert in delivery systems and controlled-release technology, including surface science,

surfactant, emulsion, microemulsion, encapsulation, micro encapsulation, coacervation, rheology, hot melt extrusion (HME), fluidized bed, resinate, cyclodextrin, resinate, hydrogel, etc.

o New polymer synthesis and application developmento Identify and introduce new polymers into consumer product formulationo Introduce and develop new technologies and solve technical problems in a timely fashion o Experience of working with contract manufacturers

Official training and practice of SOP, GMP, GCP, etc. Management experience and ability: o Official training and practice Program and Project Management and Project and Gate

Processo Supervise scientists

Excellent communication skills including oral, writing, and presentation Productive scientist with more than 30 publications, including 18 U.S. and international

patents

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MBA majoring in finance Adjunct Professor of Physical Chemistry at Pace University, New York.

Attached please find my resume and publication list. I would appreciate it if you could kindly review my application and give me a favorable consideration. I am available immediately. Thank you very much for your help. Best wishes.

Sincerely,

(Adam) Yuanzhen Zhong, Ph.D.(Phone) (201) 895-9588E-Mail: [email protected] URL: https://www.linkedin.com/in/adam-yuanzhen-zhong-b6b9201

------------------------------------------- Resume ------------------------------------------------------------

(Adam) Yuanzhen Zhong(US Citizen)

309 McCloud Drive, Fort Lee, New Jersey 07024E-Mail: [email protected]

Professional Summary

I helped companies develop new formulations/products/process/technologies in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, beverage, and polymer industries, by utilizing my enormous expertise and hands-on experience of formulation, raw materials, delivery technology, as well as management ability, communication skills and business/marketing knowledge. Now I am eager to continue making contributions at your company.

Ph. D. in Physical Chemistry of Polymers Most recent position: MonoSol Rx, Principal Scientist, new pharmaceutical oral film

(PharmFilm®, thin film) product formulation and development (formulation and excipients are similar to solid oral dosage products), 2012-06 to 2015-10.

Previous positions: o Hartz Mountain, Sr. Scientist, new animal health product formulation and development

(similar to cosmetic products), 2006-04 to 2012-03o PepsiCo, Principal Scientist, new beverage product formulation product development

with emphasis on new delivery systems, 2002-09 to 2006-04o L'Oreal, Sr. Scientist, new cosmetic product formulation and development, 2001-01 to

2003-06o International Specialty Products (ISP), Group Leader and Research Scientist, new

polymer synthesis and application development, 1990-2000 Technical expertise, experience, and demonstrated rack records:

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https://www.linkedin.com/in/adam-yuanzhen-zhong-b6b9201

mailto:[email protected]


o Unique knowledge and hands-on experience of both ingredients and a consumer product (pharmaceutical, cosmetic and beverage) formulation

o Pharmaceutical experience from R&D laboratory batches to productiono Expert in delivery systems and controlled-release technology, including Surface science,

surfactant, emulsion, micro emulsion, encapsulation, micro encapsulation, coacervation, rheology, hot melt extrusion (HME), fluidized bed, resinate, cyclodextrin, resinate, hydrogel, etc.

o New polymer product synthesis and application developmento Identify and introduce new polymers into consumer product formulationo Introduce and develop new technologies and solve technical problems in a timely fashion o Experience of working with contract manufacturers

Official training and intensive application of SOP, GMP, GCP, etc. Management experience and ability: o Official training and practice Program and Project Management and Project and Gate

Processo Supervise scientists

Excellent communication skills including oral, writing, and presentation Productive scientist with more than 30 publications, including 18 U.S. and international

patents MBA majoring in finance Adjunct Professor of Physical Chemistry at Pace University, New York.

Professional Career and Experience

MonoSol Rx, 30 Technology Drive, Warren, NJ 07059, USA, 06/25/2012 to 10/13/2015Principal ScientistMajor Accomplishes: Successfully developed several new pharmaceutical thin film formulations, products and

process, including controlled substances (CII, CIII, CIV and CV) and potent compounds Thin film formulation and excipients are similar to solid oral dosage products The most significant completed and published project was Sildenafil (trade name:

Viagra) Oral Soluble Filmo From lab scale batches, to lab scale up trials, to process optimization batch, to

pivotal/exhibit/submission batch, to GMP clinical batch o Clinical study showed excellent bioequivalence (BE) in comparison with Viagra

Oral tablets. o Abstract and poster were published at 2015 AAPS Conference (Orlando), in titled

of “Bioequivalence of 2 Formulations of Sildenafil Oral Soluble Film 100 mg and Sildenafil Citrate (Viagra) 100 mg Oral Tablets in Healthy Male Volunteers”

Completed several internal and external technology transfer projectso Internal technology transfer: Fluidized bed, delivery technology for controlled

release. Transferred from company old R&D in Indiana to new R&D in NJo External technology transfer: Hot melt extrusion (HME), delivery technology for

controlled release. Transferred from contractor to company Introduced several delivery technology into thin film process

o Hot melt exclusion, Fluidized bed, Resinate, Cyclodextrine

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Experience of working with contract manufacturers Introduced several polymers into thin film and improve the

propertieso Introduced new polymers as thin film primary film-form

Pullulan: Rapid dissolution rate. First applied in Sildenafil thin film, then to other new thin film products. Patent application is underway

Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVOH): Rapid dissolution rate as well as excellent properties. First allied in Riluzole thin film.

o Identified polymers as disintegrator: Compared the disintegration rate of four polymers reported as disintegration

enhancers in literatures Corn starch, Sodium CMC, Alginate, Pullulan. Corn Starch was the best.

Followed all regulations and guidelines of FDU, DEA, controlled substances, GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice), GCP (Good Clinical Practice) SOP (Standard Operation Procedure), safety, ICH (International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use), etc.

Major Duties: Develop pharmaceutical thin film formulations and products Introduce new technologies, process and polymers into thin film Follow all pharmaceutical regulations and guidelines Advise colleagues on polymer applications in thin film formulation

Hartz Mountain Corporation, 400 Plaza Drive, Secaucus, NJ 07094, USA, 04/10/2006 to 03/20/2012Senior Scientist Major Accomplishments: Successfully formulated and developed several new animal health products including

shampoos, sprays and conditioners (similar to human cosmetic products), as well as drops, collars, tools, wipes, etc.o Introduced new polymers to develop new animal self-warming shampoo productso Introduced gel formulation technology and created new formulas to develop new

collar products containing controlled release and long term efficacy insecticide Conducted reformulation for cost reduction while maintaining the

same product high quality Advised colleagues on polymeric raw material applications in pet

product formulationMajor Duties: Formulated and develop new animal health products including shampoos, sprays and

conditioners (similar to human cosmetic products), as well as drops, collars, tools, wipes, etc. Conduct reformulation for cost reduction Advise colleagues on polymer applications in pet product

formulation

PepsiCo, 100 Stevens Avenue, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA, 09/02/2002 to 12/08/2005Principal Scientist, Project LeaderMajor Accomplishments: Successfully developed several new beverage delivery systems

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o Invented a new micro solubilization technology and developed phase diagram to solubilize water-insoluble solid cooling flavor to launch a new products (7-Up Ice) globally with annual sales > 2 million cases. U.S. and World Patents were issued.

o Applied micro emulsion as a new flavor delivery system to replace current extraction approach to prepare beverage concentrates, with the huge cost savings up to two thirds. U.S. and World Patents were issued.

o Developed micro emulsion Vitamins A and E formulas in Gatorade Propel beverage to reduce the cost by more than half with annual saving of $400,000.

Advised colleagues on polymeric raw material applications on beverage formulation

Major Duties: Develop new beverage delivery systems for new product formulation and development Advise colleagues on polymeric raw material applications on beverage formulation

L'Oreal, 159 Terminal Avenue, Clark, NJ 07066, USA, 01/02/2001 to 03/14/2002Senior Formulation Chemist Major Accomplishments: Successfully formulated and developed several new Matrix Biolage brand hair products

including shampoo, conditioner, styling (aerosol and pump), etc.o Introduced Styleze W-20 (INCI: Polyquaternium-55) to develop new shampoo

products with characteristics of hair fixative, conditioning, and curl retention against humidity

o Introduced shape-memory polymer to develop new hair styling technology and products, which made hair to be linear at higher temperature with less comb resistance and to resume curly shape at room temperature

o Completed the project of preventing conditioner thickening effect during aging by modified the emulsion formula and process. Fixed the problem in a timely fashion

o Contacted raw material suppliers on a regular basis via vendor meeting, vendor presentation, trade show, etc., to identify new ingredients for new hair products

o Worked closely with other departments, including marketing, product evaluation center (hair salon), claim lab, packaging, pilot plant, plant, etc., to conduct new projects, evaluate the performance of new formulas, and push new products to market

Advised colleagues on polymeric raw material applications in hair product formulation

Major Duties: In charge of Matrix Biolage brand hair products, including shampoo, conditioner, styling

(aerosol and pump), etc. Advise colleagues on polymeric raw material applications in hair product formulation

International Specialty Products (ISP), 1361 Alps Road, Wayne, NJ 07470, USA, 07/09/1990 to 12/31/2000Group Leader, Research Scientist, Project LeaderMajor Accomplishments: Developed innovative technologies in polymer synthesis:

o Created a mathematic model to control the monomer-feeding ratio during co-polymerization, therefore generated copolymer with more homogeneous structure and excellent solubility in water

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o Applied the new co-polymerization technology on the manufacturing: Polyvinylpyrrolidone and Vinyl Acetate copolymers (PVP/VA), several new products were commercialized, the annual sales of PVP/VA copolymers were increased from $5 million to $20 million in 3 years

o Several US/international patents, articles, and presentations were published on this topic

Synthesis new polymers and created prototype formulas for customers’ applications: o New cationic hydrogel for hair and skin products (rheology

and hydrocolloid)o Cross-linked PVP/VA for pharmaceutical controlled-

releaseo PVP/MDO for bio-degradable materialo New cationic hydrogel for personal (hair and skin) care,

etc. Improved existing polymer product properties

o Reduced residual monomers from originally > 1% (10,000 ppm) to < 0.005% (50 ppm)

Developed new polymer applications in the fields of pharmaceuticals, cosmetic, agricultural, beverage, coating, adhesive, etc.

Supervised a group of scientists Developed effective management skills: Monitored project progress on a regular basis,

including weekly reviews (in person), bi-weekly group meetings (lunch time or half-day), monthly in writing, and summaries upon completion

Developed excellent skills to communicate with R&D, manufacturing, and business (non-technical) staff to complete the projects

Excellent writing and presentation communication skills presented by more than 30 publications, including U.S. and international patents, articles, and presentations at ACS (American Chemical Society) and international symposium

Major Duties: New polymer synthesis technology and product development New polymer characterization and application development

Education

Ph. D., Physical Chemistry of Polymers, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ1884 – 1990, GPA: 4.00/4.00Advisor: Professor Ulrich P. Strauss, National Science Foundation Senior FellowResearch area: Physical chemistry of polymer solution, properties of water-soluble polymers,

polyelectrolyte solutions, surfactants, colloids, emulsions, and microemulsions.Dissertation title: “Time-Resolved Luminescence Quenching Studies of Intramolecular

Micelles in Copolymers of Maleic Anhydride and Alkyl Ethers by a Single-Photon-Counting Technique”

MBA, major in Finance, Fairleigh Dickinson University, Teaneck, NJ, May 2001Part time, 1998 – 2001, GPA: Overall: 3.67/4.00; Major: 4.00/4.00

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M. S., Polymer Chemistry, Zhongshan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. ChinaGPA: 4.00/4.00, Advisor: Professor Zuomei LiResearch area: Polymer Physical Chemistry, solution properties of polyelectrolytes

Gained solid basis and hands-on experience of various approaches of polymerization, including emulsion polymerization

Thesis title: “Studies on the Dilute Solution Behavior of 6,10-Inoene Polymer”

B. S., Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China. GPA 4.00/4.00

Major Skills

Formulation Excipient/Ingredient R&D Research Pharmaceutical formulation Thin film formulation Cosmetic formulation Beverage formulation Polymer synthesis Polymer application Polymer characterization Product innovation Process development Technology transfer Delivery technology Controlled release GMP, GCP, GXP FDA, EPA, DEA Controlled substance, Potent compound Regulatory affairs Validation Surface science, surfactants, phase diagram

Major Analytical and Instrumental Proficiency

Hands-on experience on many instruments, including: Fluidized Bed Hot Melt Extrusion (HME) Texture analyzer (Textile strength, adhesive, etc.) Particle size analyzers (Horiba and Malvern) Surface tension measurement Optical microscope Fluorescence (dynamic and static) Light scattering (small-angle, multiply-angle, and laser) Spectroscopy (UV-Visible and IR) Chromatography (GC, GPC, and HPLC) Thermal analysis (Differential Thermal Analysis, DTA, etc.) Viscosity (capillary, Brookfield, Rheomat, etc.)

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Other routine and special measurements (turbidity on HACH, color on Hunter, etc.) Other routine and special operation procedures (freeze-drying, ultrasonic, homogenizer,

centrifuge, etc.) Various kinds of polymer synthesis equipments, including glass Buchan reactor provided by

a Sweden company and high pressure reactor Pharmaceutical thin film formulation and manufacturing equipments, including Renfert

degas/mixing system, Degus degas/mixing system, IKA MP-10 and MP-100, Mathis coater, K-coater, Strike Die Puncher, Die Cutter Puncher, Fuji pulse pouch sealer

Affiliations

American Chemical Society (ACS), and its Divisions (POLY and PMSE) American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists (AAPS) Society of Cosmetic Chemists (SCC) Institute of Food Technologists (IFT) Bio/Environmental Degradable Polymer Society (BEDPS)

Honors and Awards

Who’sWho in America, Who’sWho in the World, American Men & Women of Science,Who’sWho in Science and Engineering

PepsiCo R&D VP Award Nomination ISP New Pharmaceutical Product Award, ISP Executive Incentive Compensation, ISP

President’s Award

Patents, Articles, and Presentations

Productive scientist with more than 30 patents, articles, and presentations Patents: 19 U.S., international, and world patents were issued Articles and presentations: 15 were published

----------------------------------------------- Publication List ----------------------------------------------

U.S., international, and world patents (19 issued)

1. United States Patent 8,293,300 B2, Yuanzhen Zhong et al, “Anhydrous Flavor Delivery Composition and Method”, Oct. 23, 2012; URL: https://www.google.com/patents/US8293300?dq=8,293,300&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-nJrVInAJOLGsQTf74L4BA&ved=0CB0Q6AEwAA Abstract:An anhydrous flavor delivery composition comprising a water-insoluble component, a surfactant and an alcohol is provided. In addition, a method of making the anhydrous flavor delivery composition and a method of flavoring a beverage are provided.

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https://www.google.com/patents/US8293300?dq=8,293,300&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-nJrVInAJOLGsQTf74L4BA&ved=0CB0Q6AEwAA

https://www.google.com/patents/US8293300?dq=8,293,300&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-nJrVInAJOLGsQTf74L4BA&ved=0CB0Q6AEwAA


2. United States Patent 7,402,327, Yuanzhen Zhong et al, “Use of Surfactants to Solubilize Water-Insoluble Solids in Beverages”, July 22, 2008;URL: https://www.google.com/patents/US7402327?dq=7,402,327B2&hl=en&sa=X&ei=oHdrVNbTA9LGsQTIwoDACg&ved=0CB0Q6AEwAA Abstract:Surfactants are used in low concentrations in order to solubilize water insoluble solids for inclusion in aqueous beverages. Beverage concentrates, beverage syrups and finished beverages, all of which contain surfactant and water insoluble solids, are stable; the concentrates and finished beverages are clear.

3. World Patent WO/2007/090142, Yuanzhen Zhong et al, “Anhydrous Flavor Delivery Composition and Method”, 09 Aug 2007; URL: http://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detailPdf.jsf?ia=US2007061353&docIdPdf=id00000005420611%3FparSeparator1=&name=WO2007090142ANHYDROUS+FLAVOR+DELIVERY+COMPOSITION+AND+METHOD&parSeparator2=&woNum=WO2007090142&prevRecNum=2&nextRecNum=4&recNum=2&queryString=ALL%3A%28Zhong%2C+Yuanzhen%29&office=&sortOption=Pub+Date+Desc&prevFilter=&maxRec=10 Abstract:An anhydrous flavor delivery composition comprising a water-insoluble component, a surfactant and an alcohol is provided. In addition, a method of making the anhydrous flavor delivery composition and a method of flavoring a beverage are provided.

4. Chinese Patent CN1688213A, Yuanzhen Zhong et al, “表面活性剂溶解饮料中水不溶性固体的用途”, Oct. 26, 2005; URL: http://www.google.im/patents/CN1688213A?cl=fi

5. World Patent WO/2004/023900, Yuanzhen Zhong et al, “Use of Surfactants to Solubilize Water-Insoluble Solids in Beverages”, 25 Mar 2004; URL: http://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detailPdf.jsf?ia=US2003024632&docIdPdf=id00000000261314%3FparSeparator1=&name=WO2004023900USE+OF+SURFACTANTS+TO+SOLUBILIZE+WATER-INSOLUBLE+SOLIDS+IN+BEVERAGES&parSeparator2=&woNum=WO2004023900&prevRecNum=3&nextRecNum=5&recNum=3&queryString=ALL%3A%28Zhong%2C+Yuanzhen%29&office=&sortOption=Pub+Date+Desc&prevFilter=&maxRec=10 Abstract:Surfactants are used in low concentrations in order to solubilize water insoluble solids for inclusion in aqueous beverages. Beverage concentrates, beverage syrups and finished beverages, all of which contain surfactant and water insoluble solids, are stable; the concentrates and finished beverages are clear.

6. United States Patent 6,667,029 B2, Yuanzhen Zhong, J. Jachowicz, P. Wolf, and R. Mc Mullen, “Stable, Aqueous Cationic Hydrogel”, Dec. 23, 2003;URL:

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http://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detailPdf.jsf?ia=US2003024632&docIdPdf=id00000000261314%3FparSeparator1=&name=WO2004023900USE+OF+SURFACTANTS+TO+SOLUBILIZE+WATER-INSOLUBLE+SOLIDS+IN+BEVERAGES&parSeparator2=&woNum=WO2004023900&prevRecNum=3&nextRecNum=5&recNum=3&queryString=ALL%3A(Zhong%2C+Yuanzhen)&office=&sortOption=Pub+Date+Desc&prevFilter=&maxRec=10



http://www.google.im/patents/CN1688213A?cl=fi

http://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detailPdf.jsf?ia=US2007061353&docIdPdf=id00000005420611%3FparSeparator1=&name=WO2007090142ANHYDROUS+FLAVOR+DELIVERY+COMPOSITION+AND+METHOD&parSeparator2=&woNum=WO2007090142&prevRecNum=2&nextRecNum=4&recNum=2&queryString=ALL%3A(Zhong%2C+Yuanzhen)&office=&sortOption=Pub+Date+Desc&prevFilter=&maxRec=10



https://www.google.com/patents/US7402327?dq=7,402,327B2&hl=en&sa=X&ei=oHdrVNbTA9LGsQTIwoDACg&ved=0CB0Q6AEwAA

https://www.google.com/patents/US7402327?dq=7,402,327B2&hl=en&sa=X&ei=oHdrVNbTA9LGsQTIwoDACg&ved=0CB0Q6AEwAA


https://www.google.com/patents/US6667029?dq=6,667,029&hl=en&sa=X&ei=MXhrVITgAcGBsQSn_ICwDA&ved=0CB0Q6AEwAA Abstract:A stable, aqueous cationic hydrogel of, by weight, 1-50% of a crosslinked cationic copolymer of 5-95% vinylpyrrolidone (VP) and 5-95% 3-dimethylaminopropyl(meth)acrylamide (DMAPMA) monomers, a crosslinking agent in an amount of 0.05-1% of said monomers, and water is described. The hydrogel has a pH of about 10 and a Brookfield viscosity of about 650 (Model DV-II+, RV spindle #3, speed 10 rpm); it can increase its viscosity by up to 40× at a pH of 3-9 and absorb up to 200× its weight of water. The hydrogel also can effectively condition hair even in the presence of an anionic surfactant.

7. World Patent WO/2001/003658, Yuanzhen Zhong et al, “Crosslinked Cationic Microgels, Process for Making Same and Hair Care Compositions Therewith”, 18 Jan 2001; URL: http://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detailPdf.jsf?ia=US2000012858&docIdPdf=09006361800274ac%3FparSeparator1=&name=WO2001003658CROSSLINKED+CATIONIC+MICROGELS%2C+PROCESS+FOR+MAKING+SAME+AND+HAIR+CARE+COMPOSITIONS+THEREWITH&parSeparator2=&woNum=WO2001003658&prevRecNum=4&nextRecNum=6&recNum=4&queryString=ALL%3A%28Zhong%2C+Yuanzhen%29&office=&sortOption=Pub+Date+Desc&prevFilter=&maxRec=10 Abstract:What is described herein is a fine particulate, crosslinked cationic microgel which is capable of adsorbing up to 200 times its dry gel weight of water, and which has a viscosity of 5870 cps in water at a pH of 2.8 adjusted with a divalent or trivalent acid, at a copolymer concentration of about 1 %. The microgel includes, by weight, about 5-95 %, preferably 50 % of a water soluble monomer which is vinyl pyrrolidone (VP), and about 5-95 %, preferably 50 %, of a water soluble cationic monomer which is 3-dimethylaminopropyl-(meth)acrylamide (DMAPMA) and a low crosslinker content, e.g. about 0.2 %. The copolymers are made by a solution polymerization process from a mixture of VP and DMAPMA, crosslinker, solvent and initiator. The invention also describes hair care composition which include, by weight, about 0.01-5 % of such microgel polymers, and water, at a low pH, which exhibit conditioning and styling of the microgel copolymer and water. In shampoo formulations, optionally an anionic surfactant is included.

8. United States Patent 5,912,312, Yuanzhen Zhong, P. Wolf, E. Malawer and K. Narayanan, “Homogeneous copolymers containing vinyl pyrrolidone and 2-methylene-1,3-dioxepane and process for making same”, June 15, 1999;URL: https://www.google.com/patents/US5912312?dq=5,912,312&hl=en&sa=X&ei=YnhrVNoh0cexBOKCgZAG&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA Abstract: Homogeneous copolymers of 60-99 mole % of vinyl pyrrolidone (VP) and 1-40 mole % 2-methylene-1,3-dioxepane (MDO), preferably 85-95 mole % VP and 5-10 mole % MDO, having a K-value of about 30-50, and a Tg of about 124-138° C., are described herein. The copolymers are hydrolytically degradable in aqueous acid or basic solutions and biodegradable.

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https://www.google.com/patents/US5912312?dq=5,912,312&hl=en&sa=X&ei=YnhrVNoh0cexBOKCgZAG&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA

https://www.google.com/patents/US5912312?dq=5,912,312&hl=en&sa=X&ei=YnhrVNoh0cexBOKCgZAG&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA

http://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detailPdf.jsf?ia=US2000012858&docIdPdf=09006361800274ac%3FparSeparator1=&name=WO2001003658CROSSLINKED+CATIONIC+MICROGELS%2C+PROCESS+FOR+MAKING+SAME+AND+HAIR+CARE+COMPOSITIONS+THEREWITH&parSeparator2=&woNum=WO2001003658&prevRecNum=4&nextRecNum=6&recNum=4&queryString=ALL%3A(Zhong%2C+Yuanzhen)&office=&sortOption=Pub+Date+Desc&prevFilter=&maxRec=10



http://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2001003658&recNum=5&office=&queryString=ALL%3A(Zhong%2C+Yuanzhen)&prevFilter=&sortOption=Pub+Date+Desc&maxRec=10

https://www.google.com/patents/US6667029?dq=6,667,029&hl=en&sa=X&ei=MXhrVITgAcGBsQSn_ICwDA&ved=0CB0Q6AEwAA

https://www.google.com/patents/US6667029?dq=6,667,029&hl=en&sa=X&ei=MXhrVITgAcGBsQSn_ICwDA&ved=0CB0Q6AEwAA


9. United States Patent 5,684,105, Yuanzhen Zhong and P. Wolf, “Process for providing homogeneous copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone and 3-dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide (DMAPMA) which form clear aqueous solutions having high cloud points”, November 4, 1997;URL:https://www.google.com/patents/US5684105?dq=5,684,105&hl=en&sa=X&ei=iXhrVPvWNujIsATttoCwCg&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA Abstract: A process for making homogeneous copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone (VP) and 3-dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide (DMAPMA) which form clear aqueous solutions having high cloud points. The process involves precharging VP and DMAPMA monomers in a predetermined ratio, and then feeding VP and DMAPMA at a predetermined rate, the ratio of the components in the initial charge and the feeding rates for the monomer being selected in accordance with the reactivity rates of the monomers towards copolymerization as opposed to homopolymerization.

10. United States Patent 5,663,258, Yuanzhen Zhong and P. Wolf, “Strongly swellable, moderately crosslinked copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone and vinyl acetate”, September 2, 1997;URL: https://www.google.com/patents/US5663258?dq=5,663,258&hl=en&sa=X&ei=AXlrVJXWM7P-sASyoIKIBA&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA Abstract:Strongly swellable, moderately crosslinked poly(vinyl pyrrolidone/vinyl acetate) copolymer (XL-PVP/VA) in the form of fine, white powders characterized by (a) an aqueous gel volume of about 15 to 150 ml/g of polymer, (b) a Brookfield viscosity in 5% aqueous solution of at least about 10,000 cps, and (c) being prepared directly by precipitation polymerization of VP and VA monomers in the presence of a crosslinking agent in the amount of about 0.1 to about 2% by weight of VP and VA.

11. World Patent WO/1997/031041, Yuanzhen Zhong et al, “Strongly swellable, moderately crosslinked copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone and vinyl acetate”, 28 Aug 1997;URL: http://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detailPdf.jsf?ia=US1996019887&docIdPdf=id00000000569328%3FparSeparator1=&name=WO1997031041STRONGLY+SWELLABLE%2C+MODERATELY+CROSS-LINKED+COPOLYMERS+OF+VINYLPYRROLIDONE+AND+VINYL+ACETATE&parSeparator2=&woNum=WO1997031041&prevRecNum=6&nextRecNum=8&recNum=6&queryString=ALL%3A%28Zhong%2C+Yuanzhen%29&office=&sortOption=Pub+Date+Desc&prevFilter=&maxRec=10 Abstract:Strongly swellable, moderately cross-linked poly(vinyl)pyrrolidone/vinyl acetate) copolymer (XL-PVP/VA) in the form of fine, white powders characterized by (a) an aqueous gel volume of about 15 to 150 ml/g of polymer, (b) a Brookfield viscosity in 5 % aqueous solution of at least about 10,000 cps, and (c) being prepared directly by precipitation polymerization of VP and VA monomers in the presence of a cross-linking agent in the amount of about 0.1 to about 2 % by weight of VP and VA.

12. United States Patent 5,604,275, Yuanzhen Zhong and P. Wolf, “Color stabilized aqueous n-vinyl heterocyclic copolymer solution”, February 18, 1997;

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http://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detailPdf.jsf?ia=US1996019887&docIdPdf=id00000000569328%3FparSeparator1=&name=WO1997031041STRONGLY+SWELLABLE%2C+MODERATELY+CROSS-LINKED+COPOLYMERS+OF+VINYLPYRROLIDONE+AND+VINYL+ACETATE&parSeparator2=&woNum=WO1997031041&prevRecNum=6&nextRecNum=8&recNum=6&queryString=ALL%3A(Zhong%2C+Yuanzhen)&office=&sortOption=Pub+Date+Desc&prevFilter=&maxRec=10




https://www.google.com/patents/US5663258?dq=5,663,258&hl=en&sa=X&ei=AXlrVJXWM7P-sASyoIKIBA&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA

https://www.google.com/patents/US5663258?dq=5,663,258&hl=en&sa=X&ei=AXlrVJXWM7P-sASyoIKIBA&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA

https://www.google.com/patents/US5684105?dq=5,684,105&hl=en&sa=X&ei=iXhrVPvWNujIsATttoCwCg&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA

https://www.google.com/patents/US5684105?dq=5,684,105&hl=en&sa=X&ei=iXhrVPvWNujIsATttoCwCg&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA


URL: https://www.google.com/patents/US5604275?dq=5,604,275&hl=en&sa=X&ei=V3lrVJiiAcvmsASN6oHwBQ&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA Abstract:This invention relates to an N-vinyl heterocyclic copolymer in substantially pure deionized water or in aqueous alcoholic solution which exhibits significantly reduced color and odor and which is obtained by contacting an alcohol-copolymer mixture with water and a nitrogen containing, trivalent boron complex compound selected from the group of borane-ammonia, borane-lower alkylamine, tetra-lower alkyl ammonium octahydrotriborate, morpholine-borane, lower alkyl morpholine-borane, silylamino borane and mixtures thereof and stripping alcohol from the resulting mixture under vacuum at between about 100 and about 740 mm Hg below absolute whereby an aqueous, 10-70 wt. % solids solution of the copolymer is obtained having a water white color stability of more than a year.

13. World Patent WO/1996/018673, Yuanzhen Zhong et al, “Color stabilization of Aqueous Heterocyclic Copolymer”, 20 Jun 1996;URL: http://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detailPdf.jsf?ia=US1995015434&docIdPdf=id00000000652756%3FparSeparator1=&name=WO1996018673COLOR+STABILIZATION+OF+AQUEOUS+HETEROCYCLIC+COPOLYMER&parSeparator2=&woNum=WO1996018673&prevRecNum=7&nextRecNum=9&recNum=7&queryString=ALL%3A%28Zhong%2C+Yuanzhen%29&office=&sortOption=Pub+Date+Desc&prevFilter=&maxRec=10 Abstract:This invention relates to a process for the production of substantially odorless, color stable N-vinyl heterocyclic copolymer which includes contacting alcohol solution of the copolymer, under reduced pressure, with water and a reducing agent selected from the group of a nitrogen containing borane complex, sulfurous acid and an alkali metal salt of sulfurous acid and recovering an aqueous, 10-80 wt.% solids solution of the copolymer having a substantially color free stability for a period of more than a year. The invention also relates to an N-vinyl heterocyclic copolymer in substantially pure deionized water or in aqueous alcoholic solution which exhibits significantly reduced color and odor and which is obtained by contacting an alcohol-copolymer mixture with water and a nitrogen containing, trivalent boron complex compound and stripping alcohol from the resulting mixture.

14. United States Patent 5,534,564, Yuanzhen Zhong and P. Wolf, “Process for the color stabilization of an aqueous n-vinyl heterocyclic copolymer solution”, July 9, 1996;URL:https://www.google.com/patents/US5534564?dq=5,534,564&hl=en&sa=X&ei=eXlrVMvcA7f_sASAvoGYDQ&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA Abstract:This invention relates to a process for the production of a substantially odorless, color stable N-vinyl heterocyclic copolymer in pure deionized water or in aqueous alcoholic solution which includes contacting an alcohol solution of the copolymer, under reduced pressure, at alcohol reflux temperature with water and a reducing agent selected from the group of a nitrogen containing borane complex, sulfurous acid and/or an alkali metal salt of sulfurous acid and recovering an aqueous, 10-80 wt. % solids solution of the copolymer having a substantially color free stability for a period of more than a year.

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https://www.google.com/patents/US5534564?dq=5,534,564&hl=en&sa=X&ei=eXlrVMvcA7f_sASAvoGYDQ&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA

https://www.google.com/patents/US5534564?dq=5,534,564&hl=en&sa=X&ei=eXlrVMvcA7f_sASAvoGYDQ&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA

http://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detailPdf.jsf?ia=US1995015434&docIdPdf=id00000000652756%3FparSeparator1=&name=WO1996018673COLOR+STABILIZATION+OF+AQUEOUS+HETEROCYCLIC+COPOLYMER&parSeparator2=&woNum=WO1996018673&prevRecNum=7&nextRecNum=9&recNum=7&queryString=ALL%3A(Zhong%2C+Yuanzhen)&office=&sortOption=Pub+Date+Desc&prevFilter=&maxRec=10




https://www.google.com/patents/US5604275?dq=5,604,275&hl=en&sa=X&ei=V3lrVJiiAcvmsASN6oHwBQ&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA

https://www.google.com/patents/US5604275?dq=5,604,275&hl=en&sa=X&ei=V3lrVJiiAcvmsASN6oHwBQ&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA


15. World Patent WO/1995/015987, Yuanzhen Zhong et al, “Preparing Copolymers of Vinylpyrrolidone and Vinyl Acetate”, 14 Mar 1995;URL: http://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detailPdf.jsf?ia=US1994011228&docIdPdf=id00000000676491%3FparSeparator1=&name=WO1995015987PREPARING+COPOLYMERS+OF+VINYLPYRROLIDONE+AND+VINYL+ACETATE&parSeparator2=&woNum=WO1995015987&prevRecNum=8&nextRecNum=10&recNum=8&queryString=ALL%3A%28Zhong%2C+Yuanzhen%29&office=&sortOption=Pub+Date+Desc&prevFilter=&maxRec=10 Abstract:A process for making homogeneous copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone (VP) and vinyl acetate (VA) which form clear aqueous solutions and have high cloud points. The process involves precharging VP and VA monomers in a predetermined ratio, and then feeding VP and VA at a predetermined rate, the ratio of the components in the initial charge and the feeding rates for the monomer being selected in accordance with the reactivity rates of the monomers towards copolymerization as opposed to homopolymerization.

16. United States Patent 5,502,136, Yuanzhen Zhong, P. Wolf and Y. Reuven, “Process of making substantially homogeneous copolymers of vinyl pyrrolidone and vinyl acetate which form clear aqueous solutions”, March 26, 1996;URL: https://www.google.com/patents/US5502136?dq=5,502,136&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ynlrVM70LMmKsQSFp4K4Dg&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA Abstract: A process is described for making substantially homogeneous copolymers comprising 50-90% of vinyl pyrrolidone (VP) and 10-50% of vinyl acetate (VA), by weight, which form clear aqueous solutions.

17. United States Patent 5,395,904, Yuanzhen Zhong, H. Parikh, and T. Smith, “Process for providing homogeneous copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone and vinyl acetate which form clear aqueous solutions having a high cloud point”, March 7, 1995;URL: https://www.google.com/patents/US5395904?dq=5,395,904&hl=en&sa=X&ei=73lrVLuNPIvIsQS5-4CQCg&ved=0CCIQ6AEwAA Abstract:A process for making homogeneous copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone (VP) and vinyl acetate (VA) which form clear aqueous solutions and have high cloud points. The process involves precharging VP and VA monomers in a predetermined ratio, and then feeding VP and VA at a predetermined rate, the ratio of the components in the initial charge and the feeding rates for the monomer being selected in accordance with the reactivity rates of the monomers towards copolymerization as opposed to homopolymerization.

18. United States Patent 5,319,041, Yuanzhen Zhong, H. Parikh, P. Taylor and T. Smith, “Process for the preparation of vinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate copolymers”, June 7, 1994;URL:https://www.google.com/patents/US5319041?dq=5,319,041&hl=en&sa=X&ei=D3prVPjtJvKZsQS4_IKYDw&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA

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https://www.google.com/patents/US5319041?dq=5,319,041&hl=en&sa=X&ei=D3prVPjtJvKZsQS4_IKYDw&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA

https://www.google.com/patents/US5319041?dq=5,319,041&hl=en&sa=X&ei=D3prVPjtJvKZsQS4_IKYDw&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA

https://www.google.com/patents/US5395904?dq=5,395,904&hl=en&sa=X&ei=73lrVLuNPIvIsQS5-4CQCg&ved=0CCIQ6AEwAA

https://www.google.com/patents/US5395904?dq=5,395,904&hl=en&sa=X&ei=73lrVLuNPIvIsQS5-4CQCg&ved=0CCIQ6AEwAA

https://www.google.com/patents/US5502136?dq=5,502,136&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ynlrVM70LMmKsQSFp4K4Dg&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA

https://www.google.com/patents/US5502136?dq=5,502,136&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ynlrVM70LMmKsQSFp4K4Dg&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA

http://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detailPdf.jsf?ia=US1994011228&docIdPdf=id00000000676491%3FparSeparator1=&name=WO1995015987PREPARING+COPOLYMERS+OF+VINYLPYRROLIDONE+AND+VINYL+ACETATE&parSeparator2=&woNum=WO1995015987&prevRecNum=8&nextRecNum=10&recNum=8&queryString=ALL%3A(Zhong%2C+Yuanzhen)&office=&sortOption=Pub+Date+Desc&prevFilter=&maxRec=10





Abstract:This invention relates to an improved process for producing a clear solution of vinylpyrrolidone (VP) and vinyl acetate (VA) monomers which comprises, in an anhydrous system,(a) reacting a C2 to C3 alcoholic solution containing said VA monomer and between about 60 and about 80 wt. % portion of total VP monomer in the presence of between about 0.05 and about 0.3 wt. % of a free radical initiator selected from the group consisting of tertamylperoxy pivalate and 2,2-azobis(2-methylbutyronitrile) or a mixture thereof for a period of from about 5 to about 10 hours, at a temperature between about 60° and about 110° C.;(b) gradually adding the remaining VP monomer in C2 to C3 alcohol solution at reaction temperature after the addition of the VA monomer is complete;(c) raising the temperature of the resulting reaction mixture to between about 110° and about 150° C.;(d) continuing the polymerization reaction at said higher temperature in the presence of from about 0.11 to about 0.6 wt. %, based on total monomers, of 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-bis(tert-butylperoxy) hexane and(e) cooling the resulting reaction mixture and recovering a homogeneous VP/VA copolymer C2 to C3 alcohol solution containing less than 100 ppm of residual vinylpyrrolidone monomer or vinyl acetate residual monomer.

19. World Patent WO/1994/022923, Yuanzhen Zhong et al, “Process for the Preparation of Vinylpyrrolidone and Vinyl Acetate Copolymers”, 14 Oct 1994;URL: http://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detailPdf.jsf?ia=US1994002469&docIdPdf=id00000000701857%3FparSeparator1=&name=WO1994022923PROCESS+FOR+THE+PREPARATION+OF+VINYLPYRROLIDONE%2FVINYL+ACETATE+COPOLYMERS&parSeparator2=&woNum=WO1994022923&prevRecNum=9&nextRecNum=11&recNum=9&queryString=ALL%3A%28Zhong%2C+Yuanzhen%29&office=&sortOption=Pub+Date+Desc&prevFilter=&maxRec=10 Abstract:This invention relates to an improved process for producing a clear solution of vinylpyrrolidone (VP) and vinyl acetate (VA) monomers which comprises, in an anhydrous system, (a) reacting a C2 to C3 alcoholic solution containing said VA monomer and between about 60 and about 80 wt.% portion of total VP monomer in the presence of between about 0.05 and about 0.3 wt.% of a free radical initiator selected from the group consisting of tert-amylperoxy pivalate and 2,2-azobis(2-methylbutyronitrile) or a mixture thereof for a period of from about 5 to about 10 hours, at a temperature between about 60 and about 110 °C; (b) gradually adding the remaining VP monomer in C2 to C3 alcohol solution at reaction temperature after the addition of the VA monomer is complete; (c) raising the temperature of the resulting reaction mixture to between about 110 and about 150 °C; (d) continuing the polymerization reaction at said higher temperature in the presence of from about 0.11 to about 0.6 wt.%, based on total monomers, of 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-bis(tert-butylperoxy) hexane and (e) cooling the resulting reaction mixture and recovering a homogeneous VP/VA copolymer C2 to C3 alcohol solution containing less than 100 ppm of residual vinylpyrrolidone monomer or vinyl acetate residual monomer.

Articles, Abstracts, and Presentations (16 published)

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http://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detailPdf.jsf?ia=US1994002469&docIdPdf=id00000000701857%3FparSeparator1=&name=WO1994022923PROCESS+FOR+THE+PREPARATION+OF+VINYLPYRROLIDONE%2FVINYL+ACETATE+COPOLYMERS&parSeparator2=&woNum=WO1994022923&prevRecNum=9&nextRecNum=11&recNum=9&queryString=ALL%3A(Zhong%2C+Yuanzhen)&office=&sortOption=Pub+Date+Desc&prevFilter=&maxRec=10





1. Yuanzhen Zhong et al, “Bioequivalence of 2 Formulations of Sildenafil Oral Soluble Film 100 mg and Sildenafil Citrate (Viagra) 100 mg Oral Tablets in Healthy Male Volunteers”, AAPS (American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists) Abstract, Oct. 28, 2015. Description: Two pharmaceutical oral soluble film formulation of sildenafil 100 mg were developed and compared to sildenafil citrate (Viagra) in clinical study, and the results demonstrated bioequivalence of the pharm films and tablet. In coupled with the advantages of rapid dissolution in mouth without water and swallow, pharm film provides an attractive alternative to tablet.

URL: http://abstracts.aaps.org/Published/Browse.aspx?colID=32, AAPS2015-M1196

2. Yuanzhen Zhong and Janusz Jachowicz, “Hydrogel prepared from cationic copolymer - 2”, Polymer Preprints, 2002, 43(1), pp. 553-554

3. Yuanzhen Zhong, Janusz Jachowicz, et al, “Hydrogel prepared from cationic copolymer”, Polymer Preprints, 2000, 41(2), pp. 1136-1137

4. Yuanzhen Zhong, P. Wolf, E. “Effect of hydrophobic unit and its distribution on solution properties of vinylpyrrolidone and vinyl acetate copolymer”, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 74, No. 2, pp. 345-352, Oct. 10, 1999.URL: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/%28SICI%291097-4628%2819991010%2974:2%3C345::AID-APP16%3E3.0.CO;2-N/abstract Abstract: A series of vinyl pyrrolidone and vinyl acetate copolymers with different monomer ratios and homogeneity in backbone distribution were synthesized and their solution properties studied. In water, the phase diagram curve is concave, with the lower critical solution temperature, due to the cooperation of hydrophobic and hydrophilic hydration. In order to make a substantially homogeneous copolymer, a new method to determine the monomer mole fraction is suggested. When the vinyl pyrrolidone to vinyl acetate mole ratio in the copolymer is close to unity, sequence distribution plays an important part in solution behavior. The more homogeneous the structure, the better the solubility in water, and the higher the cloud point. This is attributed to the balance between hydrophobic and hydrophilic forces in solution. Copolymerization kinetic analysis on monomer conversions and turbidity measurement on poly(vinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate) solutions give consistent results to confirm this interpretation. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 74: 345–352, 1999

5. Yuanzhen Zhong, P. Wolf, E. et al, “Swelling properties of crosslinked vinylpyrrolidone homopolymers and vinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate copolymers”, Polymer Preprints, 1998, 39, pp. 461-462

6. Yuanzhen Zhong, P. Wolf, E. et al, “Hydrolytic degradation properties of biodegradable vinylpyrrolidone and 2-methylene-1,3-dioxepane copolymers”, 7th Annual Meeting of the Bio/Environmentally Degradable Polymer Society (BEDPS), 1998, p. 41

7. Yuanzhen Zhong and P. Wolf, “Hydrogel prepared from crosslinked vinyl pyrrolidone and vinyl acetate copolymers”, Polymer Preprints, 1997, 38, pp. 578-579

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http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(19991010)74:2%3C345::AID-APP16%3E3.0.CO;2-N/abstract

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(19991010)74:2%3C345::AID-APP16%3E3.0.CO;2-N/abstract

http://abstracts.aaps.org/Published/Browse.aspx?colID=32


8. Yuanzhen Zhong and P. Wolf, “Studies on synthesis and solution properties of vinyl pyrrolidone and vinyl acetate copolymers, Book of Abstracts for the Fifth Eurasia Conference on Chemical Science (Guangzhou, China, 1996), p.539.

9. Yuanzhen Zhong and P. Wolf, “Solution behavior of vinyl pyrrolidone and vinyl acetate copolymers”, Polymer Preprints, 1995, 36, pp. 370-371

10. U.P. Strauss, Yuanzhen Zhong, et al, “ Determination of microdomain size of hydrophobic polyelectrolytes by luminescence quenching”, in Macro-Ion Characterization, 1994, pp. 154-161;URL: http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/bk-1994-0548.ch012 Abstract: The luminescence decay kinetics of a ruthenium complex solubilized by a hydrolyzed copolymer of maleic anhydride and n-hexyl vinyl ether (DP 1100) were measured at different pHs as a function of the concentration of quencher, 9-methyl anthracene, in order to determine the size of the intramolecular micelles formed by the copolymer. The solubilization of quencher was used to determine the degree of micellization of the copolymer at various pHs. A time-resolved, single photon counting technique was employed for the luminescence decay measurements. Results indicated that an average of 42 repeat units comprised a micelle, indicating that one copolymer chain can form many intramolecular micelles. The micelle size was independent of pH and quencher concentration.

11. U.P. Strauss, Yuanzhen Zhong, et al, “Determination of microdomain size of hydrophobic polyelectrolytes by luminescence quenching”, Polymer Preprints, 1993, 34, pp. 1026-1027.

12. Z. Li, Yuanzhen Zhong, et al, “Hydrophobic interactions of ionene in aqueous solution, Macromolecules, 1992, 25, pp. 450-453.

13. Yuanzhen Zhong, “Time-resolved luminescence quenching studies of intramolecular micelles in copolymers of maleic anhydride and alkyl ethers by a single-photon-counting technique”, Dissertation, 1990, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 128 pagesURL: http://books.google.com/books?id=VAHoGwAACAAJ&dq=inauthor:%22Yuanzhen+Zhong%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=IsFrVMr3JIevogT_5YK4DQ&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA Abstract: The intramolecular micellar properties of the alternating copolymers of maleic anhydride and alkyl vinyl ethers were studied primarily by the luminescence quenching method of time-resolved single-photon-counting. The measured lifetimes of the probe, tris(2,2’-bipyridine)ruthenium(II), confirm that methyl polyacid undergoes no micelle formation, butyl polyacid form micelles at low pH and undergoes a conformational transition to random coil form as pH increases, and hexylpolyacid remains in micelle form over the whole pH range studied. The solubility of the quencher, 9-methylanthracene, in polyacid solutions, which is assumed to be proportional to the degree of micellization of polyacid, was determined by absorbance measurements. A mathematical method for deriving physically significant parameters from the results of the single-photo-counting measurements was developed. The results indicated that both static and dynamic quenching take place, suggesting that the quencher enters the micelle during the lifetime of the excited probe. The micelle size for the hexyl

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http://books.google.com/books?id=VAHoGwAACAAJ&dq=inauthor:%22Yuanzhen+Zhong%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=IsFrVMr3JIevogT_5YK4DQ&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA

http://books.google.com/books?id=VAHoGwAACAAJ&dq=inauthor:%22Yuanzhen+Zhong%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=IsFrVMr3JIevogT_5YK4DQ&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/bk-1994-0548.ch012


polyacid was found to be 36, which is independent of the degree of micellization, the concentrations of polyacid, probe, and quencher, and the molecular weight of polyacid. These results indicate that a large hydrophobic polyacid molecule in its hypercoiled conformation consists of many small intramolecular micelle. In quencher-saturated polyacid solutions, only one third of the micelles contain quencher, while two thirds of the micelles are “empty”. Such a distribution makes quencher migration between micelles possible. The values of exit rate constant systematically decrease with the intramolecular micelle concentration, which support the hypothesis of direct exchange of quencher between intramolecular micelles. Several possible mechanisms for this migration were discussed. A similar study was performed on butyl polyacid. The solubility of quencher and the equilibrium constant in butyl polyacid solution are only half of those for hexyl polyacid, indicating that the longer side chains of the hexyl polymer provide a more hydrophobic microenvironment to maintain the quencher molecules in the micelles.

14. Z. Li and Yuanzhen Zhong, “Influence of added salts on the conformation of 6,10-Br ionene polymer in aqueous solution, ACTA Physico-Chimica Sinica (in Chinese), 1986, 2, pp. 356-362.

15. Z. Li, Yuanzhen Zhong, et al, “Studies of the solution properties of ionenes” (in Chinese), Zhongshan University Journal, 1983, 2, pp. 33-45.

16. Yuanzhen Zhong, “Solution properties of Ionenes” (in Chinese), M.S. Thesis, 1982, Zhongshan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China, 72 pages

(END)

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(adam) y. zhong - principal scientist

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