acupuncture and facial pain - darcy nat · (bensoussan 1999, rosted 1998, ernst 1998). controlled...

35
ACUPUNCTURE AND FACIAL PAIN: AN INTEGRATIVE APPROACH by Geoff D’Arcy Lic. Ac., DOM. Presented at the Yankee Dental Convention

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Page 1: ACUPUNCTURE AND FACIAL PAIN - Darcy Nat · (Bensoussan 1999, Rosted 1998, Ernst 1998). Controlled trials have shown that ear acupuncture is as effective as intranasal midazolam in

ACUPUNCTURE AND FACIAL PAIN AN INTEGRATIVE APPROACH

by Geoff DrsquoArcy Lic Ac DOM

Presented at the Yankee Dental Convention

Geoff DrsquoArcy LicAc DOM

Geoff brings the wealth of Eastern philosophy and training to the healing arts of acupuncture and herbal medicine He began his training in Japan in the mid-1970s and returned to England to gain his licentiate in Traditional Chinese Acupuncture Geoff went on to study Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in hospitals and colleges in China and received a doctorate in Oriental Medicine in the United States with his Thesis The Sensation and Perception of Pain

Geoff has co-founded two large integrative medical centers in Massachusetts and at the Marino Center for Progressive Medicine was director of the Pain Clinic Geoff developed an Integrative Pain Relief Program

He has written several books and produced and radio shows and a video series on Integrative Medicine He is president of DrsquoArcy Naturals Inc a company that produces all natural herbal formulas for humans and pets Geoff has been in practice for over 35 years and currently practices at the DrsquoArcy Wellness Clinic in Natick Massachusetts where he is founder and director

DrsquoArcy Wellness Clinic Tel 508-650-1921 63 South Main St Natick MA 01760

A pdf of this Power Point Presentation is available athelliphellip

wwwdarcynatcom

WHY CONSIDERING ALTERNATIVE NON-DRUG THERAPIES MAKE SENSE FOR PAIN

1 in every 4 Americans (who is prescribed an opioid for noncancer related pain) becomes addicted

Nearly 2 million Americans abused or became addicted to prescription opioids in 2014

20101 overdose deaths related to prescription pain relievers and 12990 overdose deaths related to heroin in 2015

httpwwwasamorgdocsdefault-sourceadvocacyopioid-addiction-disease-facts-figurespdf

Acupuncture Anesthesia

ldquoPut your profession where your mouth isrdquo

How does Acupuncture work

Gate-Control Theory of

Pain

In 1962 Ronald Melzack

and P D Wall proposed the

gate-control theory pain

perception is not simply a

direct response to the

stimulation of pain fibers

but is also mediated by the

cooperation of excitation

and inhibition in pain

pathways

How does Acupuncture work

Human body contains 14 major meridians

Energy (Qi) goes through the meridians

If the energy is not in balance diseases occur

Needles being inserted into body will smooth the energy and make the energy balance

Slide Acupuncture As A Treatment For TMJ amp Other Oral facial Pain

Jun Xu MD

Acupuncture

Traditional Chinese acupuncture has a

history of more than 2500 years and is

one of the best-known complementary

and alternative therapies

Acupuncture stimulates the nervous

system and alters the processing and

perception of pain signals and also

releases natural painkillers such as

endorphins and serotonin in the nervous

system

Acupunctures successful use for various

dental conditions has been proven

Physical characteristics

of the Acupuncture points-WHO

Points are corresponds to the high electrical

conductance points on the body surface

High density of gap junctions at the epithelia of the

acupuncture points

Gap junctions are hexagonal proteins that facilitate

intercellular communication and increase electric

conductivity

Research on Acupuncture (as of 2000)

A recent systematic review2 of published literature was able to identify 74

publications concerning the use of acupuncture in dentistry of which 17

reported randomised controlled trials (RCT)8ndash22

Nine of the trials achieved this level of these four investigated TMD and four

the use of acupuncture in post-operative pain management All four trials

covering TMD 912ndash16 showed some benefit comparable to occlusal splint

therapy

Three of the trials on post-operative pain management found acupuncture

effective101117

The other recent review analysed 16 trials of the analgesic effect of

acupuncture and found that the majority of the studies showed some positive

effect1 although the experimental nature of some of the studies made the evaluation of practical use difficult

However in summary it may be stated that where trials are competently

constructed and executed there is a body of scientific evidence supporting the

efficacy of acupuncture within dental practice

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry P Rosted BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL VOLUME 189 NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

Auricular Acupuncture Points

Acupuncture

needling

Acupuncture

pellets

for

extended

use

ACUPUNCTURE MIND-BODY AND SUPPLEMENTS IN MY PRACTICE

Acupuncture

Acupuncture Electro-Acupuncture Magnets Ear Acupuncture

Mind-Body Pain Relief Program

Workbook

Audios Progressive Relaxation Guided Pain Relief Techniques

Dietary Supplements

Herbal Anti-inflammatories

Pain Relief Formulas

Enzymes

Chronic Facial Pain Case History

Pain is the Obstruction of the Flow of Life Force (Qi)

55 year old woman with Oligo-astrocytoma had a surgical resection of the tumor this left her with major inflammation and pain from partial removal of temporalis muscle tissue from the right side of the temple and jaw making chewing excruciating

Treatment Plan Acupuncture treatments 2 x week for 5 weeks 10 treatments

Electro acupuncture was applied to the distal points on pathways that move through the Temro-mandibular joint and face St 44 amp 43 and LI 4 amp 11

Acupuncture GB241TW6 ST4 Per 6 GB2 TW 17 ST3 GB8

Ear Acupuncture Points Shenmen Facial Mandible

Mind-Body Pain Relief 25 minutes 2 x day

Supplements Wobenzyme 2 x 2 day Inflam Ease Herbal Formula

Results Pain Score was reduced from 8 to 2 over a 5 week period

(Patient was also treated concurrently for Chemo induced Nausea very successfully enabling her to complete her course of chemotherapy)

Case History

Temporalis Muscle Trigger Points Acupuncture Points

Conditions to consider integrating Acupuncture

bull Dental pain

bull Dental anxiety and gag reflex

bull Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain or temporomandibular disorder (TMD)

bull TMJ clicking and locking

bull Chronic muscle pain or spasm

bull Atypical facial pain

bull Headache (tension headache migraine)

bull Xerostomia (dry mouth)

bull Nerve pain (neuralgia especially trigeminal neuralgia neuropathic pain nerve injury)

bull Paresthesia or anesthesia of the oral and paraoral structures

Introduction to Acupuncture in DentistryBRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL

ldquoAcupuncture is not a miracle cure and is not going to replace the drill However the technique can be a supplement to conventional treatments in TMDs facial pain pain management Sjoslashegrens syndrome and in phobias and anxietyrdquo

Acupuncture does have a scientific background and the efficacy has been tested in a number of clinical trials including pain management facial pain TMD and increasing of the pain thresholdrdquo

It is concluded that acupuncture could supplement conventional treatment modalities Its value in the treatment of temporomandibular dysfunction syndrome and facial pain has been well documented and supported by randomisedcontrolled trials Although it may be useful in the control of post-operative pain its use as sole analgesia for operative care is questionable The mode of action of acupuncture can be explained with reference to modern neurophysiology

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry P Rosted BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL VOLUME 189 NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

httpwwwexodontiainfofilesBDJ_2000_Acupuncture_-_Introduction_to_Acupuncture_in_Dentistrypdf

Electro-acupuncture (EA)efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar surgeryand Postoperative pain and swelling

Postoperative pain and swelling after third-molar surgery are usually controlled by administering drugs to patients before and after surgery Nonsteroidal anti-inflamatorydrugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used to produce an inhibitory effect on the cyclo-oxygenase enzyme However these drugs are associated with increased bleeding tendency gastric ulcerations and other adverse effects

Tavares et alevaluated the efficacy of EA on postoperative pain control after mandibular third-molar surgery Postoperative pain intensity (rated on a 10-cm visual analogue scale [VAS]) was significantly lower for the EA side and analgesic intake decreased for all evaluated periods The researchers concluded that EA controlled postoperative pain following mandibular third-molar surgical removal

16 Tavares MG Machado AP Motta BG BorsattoMC Rosa AL Xavier SP Electro-acupuncture efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar surgery Braz Dent J 200718(2)158ndash162 [PubMed]

MIND-BODYnothing is 100 in the mind orhellip 100 in the bodyhellip but some mix

between perception and sensation

A report from the Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center states

that ldquomeditation can be more effective than morphine This

is the first study to show that only a little over an hour of

meditation training can dramatically reduce both the

experience of pain and pain-related brain activation

40 per cent reduction in pain intensity and a

57 per cent reduction in pain unpleasantness

Meditation produced a greater reduction in pain than even

morphine or other pain-relieving drugs which typically

reduce pain ratings by about 25 per cent

MIND-BODYThe mind is the most powerful pharmaceutical factory on earth

Studies demonstrate that by doing only 20 minutes-a-day of a Guided Pain Relief Meditation Technique over a five-week period showed significant improvement for

A higher tolerance to pain

Decreased anxiety stress and depression

Increased activity levels

Decreased use of pain-related medications

Increased levels of self-esteem

(Mills 1981 Kabat-Zinn 1985 Harmon 1999)

MIND-BODYGUIDED PAIN RELIEF PROGRAM

Download the Natural Pain Relief Workbook

Pain Evaluation See what your pain score is before you start and then re-take it at the end for some good news

Download the Audios 20 minutes per day

Sweeping the Body Relaxation Week One Awareness technique ldquoSweeping the Bodyrdquo Relaxation

Guided Pain Relief Technique Week Two ldquoSofteningrdquo around the pain technique this is the main technique to practice

Rebalancing the Mind Week Three Balance Technique Re-balancing the Mind

Relaxing into Sleep Will help you relax and fall into a deep restful sleep

Free Access athellip

httpwwwtrue-wellnesscomindexphpprogramsmind-bodypain-relief

This may move to wwwdarcynatcom

Acupuncture Studies

taken from Dentistry

Journals and Papers

Introduction to

acupuncture in

dentistry P Rosted

BRITISH DENTAL

JOURNAL VOLUME 189

NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

Introduction to acupuncture

in dentistry P Rosted BRITISH

DENTAL JOURNAL VOLUME

189 NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry P Rosted BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL VOLUME 189

NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

StudiesStudies

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry P

Rosted BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL

VOLUME 189 NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

Acupuncture in 11 out of 15 studies proved effective in the

treatment of temperomandibular dysfunction (TMD) and as analgesia

The use of acupuncture in dentistry a review of the scientific validity of published paper

Oral Dis 1998 Jun4(2)100-4

(Bensoussan 1999 Rosted 1998 Ernst 1998) Controlled trials have shown that ear acupuncture is as effective as intranasal midazolam in reducing dental anxiety

(Karst 2007) and that acupuncture is more effective than placebo in the prevention of post-operative dental pain

(Lao 1999) and in reducing the gagging reflex

(Sari 2010) Evidence from case series suggests that acupuncture can reduce dental anxiety

(Rosted 2010) and the gagging reflex

(Rosted 2006) and that electroacupuncture can control post-operative pain after wisdom tooth extraction

(Tarares 2007) One controlled study found no effect on the pain threashold of dental pulp

(Goddard 2009)The systematic reviews are now more than 10 years old and up-to-date ones are called for to better evaluate the evidence

In general acupuncture is believed to stimulate the nervous system and cause the release of neurochemical messenger molecules The resulting biochemical changes influence the bodys homeostatic mechanisms thus promoting physical and emotional well-being Stimulation of certain acupuncture points has been shown to affect areas of the brain that are known to reduce sensitivity to pain and stress as well as promoting relaxation and deactivating the analytical brain which is responsible for anxiety (Wu 1999)

Acupuncture may help relieve dental pain by

stimulating nerves located in muscles and other tissues which leads to release of endorphins and other neurohumoral factors (eg neuropeptide Y serotonin) and changes the processing of pain in the brain and spinal cord (Pomeranz 1987 Han 2004 Zhao 2008 Zhou 2008 Lee 2009 Cheng 2009)

reducing the cardiovascular reflex elicited by toothache which is associated with the adrenergic system (Jung 2006)

increasing the release of adenosine which has antinociceptive properties (Goldman 2010)

modulating the limbic-paralimbic-neocortical network (Hui 2009)

reducing inflammation by promoting release of vascular and immunomodulatory factors (Kavoussi 2007 Zijlstra 2003)

increasing local microcirculation (Komori 2009) which aids dispersal of swelling

British Acupuncture Council

Systematic reviews

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry

Br Dent J 2000 Aug 12189(3)136-40

Rosted P

The use of acupuncture in dentistry a review of the scientific validity of published papers

Oral Dis 1998 Jun4(2)100-4

Rosted P

Temporomandibular Dysfunction

Practical recommendations for the use of acupuncture in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders based on the outcome of published controlled studies

Oral Dis 2001 Mar7(2)109-15

Rosted P

Effectiveness of acupuncture in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders of muscular origin a systematic review of the last decade

La Touche R Angulo-Diacuteaz-Parrentildeo S de-la-Hoz JL Fernaacutendez-CarneroJ Ge HY Linares MT Mesa J Saacutenchez-Gutieacuterrez J J AlternComplement Med 2010 Jan16(1)107-12

Bells Palsy

Physical therapy for Bellrsquos palsy (idiopathic facial paralysis)

Teixeira LJ Valbuza JS Prado GF Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011 Dec 7(12)CD006283

Department of Neurology West China Hospital Sichuan University Wai Nan Guo Xue Xiang 37 Chengdu Sichuan China 610041

Dental painThe effectiveness of acupuncture in treating acute dental pain a systematic reviewErnst E Pittler MH Br Dent J 1998 May 9184(9)443-7

Dry Mouth

Randomized controlled trial of acupuncture for prevention of radiation-induced xerostomia among patients with nasopharyngeal carcinomaMeng Z Garcia MK Hu C Chiang J Chambers M Rosenthal DI Peng H Zhang Y Zhao Q Zhao G Liu L Spelman A Palmer JL Wei Q Cohen LCancer 2012 Jul 1118(13)3337-44 doi 101002cncr26550 Epub 2011 Nov 9

Dental AnxietyAuricular acupuncture effectively reduces state anxiety before dental treatment ndash a randomised controlled trialMichalek-Sauberer A Gusenleitner E Gleiss A Tepper G Deusch EClin Oral Investig 2012 Jan 6 [Epub ahead of print]

Trigeminal NeuralgiaPractical application of meridian acupuncture treatment for trigeminal neuralgiaBeppu S Sato Y Amemiya Y Tode IAnesth Pain Control Dent 1992 Spring1(2)103-8

Post Operative Dental PainAcupuncture treatment of pain dysfunction syndrome after dental extractionRosted P Joslashrgensen VAcupunct Med 2002 Dec20(4)191-2

Thanks to httpbenzappincomacupuncture-in-dentistry

1 Rosted P Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry Br Dent J 2000189(3)136ndash140 [PubMed]

2 Stux G Pomeranz G Scientific Basis of Acupuncture Acupuncture Textbook and Atlas Heidelberg Springer Verlag 1987

3 Lao L Bergman S Langenberg P Wong RH Berman B Efficacy of Chinese acupuncture on postoperative oral surgery pain Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 199579(4)423ndash428[PubMed]

4 Rosted P The use of acupuncture in dentistry A systematic review Acupunct Med 199816(1)43ndash48

5 Wong LB Acupuncture in dentistry Its possible role and application Proc Singapore Healthcare 201221(1)432ndash448

6 Michalek-Sauberer A Heinzl H Sator-Katzenschlager SM Monov G Knolle E Kress HGPerioperative auricular electroacupuncture has no effect on pain and analgesic consumption after third molar tooth extraction Anesth Analg 2007104(3)542ndash547 [PubMed]

7 Ulett GA Han S Han JS Electroacupuncture Mechanisms and clinical application Biol Psychiatr 199844(2)129ndash138 [PubMed]

8 Fang J Jin Z Wang Y et al The salient characteristics of the central effects of acupuncture needling Limbicndashparalimbicndashneocortical network modulation Hum Brain Mapp 200930(4)1196ndash1206 [PubMed]

9 National Institutes of Health (NIH) NIH Consensus Conference Acupuncture JAMA 1998280(17)1518ndash1524 [PubMed]

10 Ernst E Pittler MH The effectiveness of acupuncture in treating acute dental pain A systematic review Br Dent J 1998184(9)443ndash447 [PubMed]

11 Goddard G Albers D Effects of acupuncture at Large Intestine 4 (LI 4) on electrical tooth pulp stimulation A randomized controlled pilot study Med Acupunct 200921(3)167ndash171

12 Chapman CR Chen AC Bonica JJ Effects of intrasegmental electrical acupuncture on dental pain Evaluation by threshold estimation and sensory decision Pain 19773(3)213ndash227 [PubMed]

13 Andersson S Lundeberg T Acupuncturemdashfrom empiricism to science Functional background to [sic] acupuncture effects in pain and disease Med Hypotheses 199545(3)271ndash281 [PubMed]

14 Rosted P Bundgaard M Can acupuncture reduce the induction time of a local anaestheticmdashA pilot study Acupunct Med 200321(3)92ndash99 [PubMed]

15 Simmons MS Oleson TD Auricular electrical stimulation and dental pain threshold Anesth Prog 199340(1)14ndash19 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

16 Tavares MG Machado AP Motta BG Borsatto MC Rosa AL Xavier SP Electro-acupuncture efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar surgery Braz Dent J 200718(2)158ndash162 [PubMed]

17 Lao L Bergman S Hamilton GR Langenberg P Berman B Evaluation of acupuncture for pain control after oral surgery A placebo-controlled trial Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1999125(5)567ndash572 [PubMed]

18 Ribeiro DC Dental Acupuncture A Technique Against Pain 1st ed Satildeo Paulo Iacutecone 2002

19 Kitade T Ohyabu H Analgesic effects of acupuncture on pain after mandibular wisdom tooth extraction Acupunct Electrother Res 200025(2)109ndash115 [PubMed]

20 Ekblom A Hansson P Thomsson M Thomas M Increased postoperative pain and consumption of analgesics following acupuncture Pain 199144(3)241ndash247 [PubMed]

21 Zijlstra FJ van den Berg-de Lange I Huygen FJ Klein J Anti-inflammatory actions of acupuncture Mediators Inflamm 200312(2)59ndash69 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

22 Karst M Winterhalter M Muumlnte S et al Auricular acupuncture for dental anxiety A randomized controlled trial Anesth Analg 2007104(2)295ndash300 [PubMed]

23 Rosted P Bundgaard M Gordon S Pedersen AM Acupuncture in the management of anxiety related to dental treatment A case series Acupunct Med 201028(1)3ndash5 [PubMed]

24 Sari E Sari T The role of acupuncture in the treatment of orthodontic patients with a gagging reflex A pilot study Br Dent J 2010208(10)E19 [PubMed]

25 Rosted P Bundgaard M Fiske J Pedersen AM The use of acupuncture in controlling the gag reflex in patients requiring an upper alginate impression An audit Br Dent J 2006201(11)721ndash725discussion715 [PubMed]

26 List T Acupuncture in the treatment of patients with craniomandibular disorders Comparative longitudinal and methodological studies Swed Dent J Suppl 1992871ndash159 [PubMed]

27 Park J White A Stevinson C Ernst E James M Validating a new non-penetrating sham acupuncture device Two randomised controlled trials Acupunct Med 200220(4)168ndash174 [PubMed]

28 Shen YF Younger J Goddard G Mackey S Randomized clinical trial of acupuncture for myofascial pain of the jaw muscles J OrofacPain 200923(4)353ndash359 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

29 Cho SH Whang WW Acupuncture for temporomandibular disorders A systematic review J Orofac Pain 201024(2)152ndash162 [PubMed]

30 Johnstone PA Peng YP May BC Inouye WS Niemtzow RC Acupuncture for pilocarpine-resistant xerostomia following radiotherapy for head and neck malignancies Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 200150(2)353ndash357 [PubMed]

31 Furness S Bryan G McMillan R Worthington HV Interventions for the management of dry mouth Non-pharmacological interventions Cochrane Database Syst Rev 20138CD009603 [PubMed]

32 Silva SA Acupuncture for the relief of pain of facial and dental origin Anesth Prog 198936(4ndash5)244ndash245 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

33 Chien TJ Liu CY Hsu CH Integrating acupuncture into cancer care J Tradit Complement Med 20133(4)234ndash239 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

34 Liang F Li Y Yu S et al A multicentral randomized control study on clinical acupuncture treatment of Bells palsy J Tradit Chin Med 200626(1)3ndash7 [PubMed]

35 Bensoussan A Systematic review of acupuncture in dental pain Focus Altern Complement Ther 1999415ndash16

36 Pomeranz B Scientific basis of acupuncture In Stux G editor Pomeranz B editor eds Acupuncture Textbook and Atlas Heidelberg Springer-Verlag 19871ndash18

37 Kavoussi B Ross BE The neuroimmune basis of anti-inflammatory acupuncture Integr Cancer Ther 20076(3)251ndash257 [PubMed]

Thanks to httpswwwncbinlmnihgovpmcarticlesPMC4270142

Naik PN Kiran RA Yalamanchal S Kumar VA Goli S Vashist N Acupuncture An Alternative Therapy in Dentistry and Its Possible Applications Medical Acupuncture 201426(6)308-314 doi101089acu20141028

Ann Ital Chir 1995 May-Jun66(3)373-8

[Treatment of trigeminal neuralgia with electroacupuncture Experience with 104

cases]Costantini D Tomasello C Buonopane CE Sances D Marandola M Delogu G

Istituto di Anestesiologia e Rianimazione Universitagrave degli Studi di Roma La

Sapienza

The essential or secondary trigeminal neuralgia is a very frequent and invalidant disease In this forms the medical or surgical conventional therapies are often inadequate In this study we evaluated the effects of the acupunctural therapy on 104 patients (mean age 523 +- 13 years) with idiopathic or secondary trigeminal neuralgia Utilizing cycles of twelve sessions the acupunctural treatment was performed with an electrostimulator on local points and a distance or on aching points in the secondary forms The results was evaluated on the basis of three parameters (reappearance of the symptomatology absence of pain in months and preceding treatments) and was defined using this scale very well well fair and null In conclusion we can say that acupuncture is an elective treatment in all kinds of secondary tregeminalneuralgia while in the idiopathic form its validity is conditioned by preceding medical treatments and by beginning of the disease

Braz Dent J 200718(2)158-62

Electro-acupuncture efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar

surgeryTavares MG Machado AP Motta BG Borsatto MC Rosa AL Xavier SP

Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology School of Dentistry

of Ribeiratildeo Preto University of Sao Paulo Ribeiratildeo Preto SP Brazil

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of electro-acupuncture (EAC) on postoperative pain control after mandibular third molar surgery Twenty four young patients (12 male and 12 female) with symmetrically impacted mandibular third molars were selected Each patient was submitted to two separate surgical procedures under local anesthesia At one side extraction was carried out employing both prior (24h) and immediately postoperative application of EAC while on the contralateral side surgery was carried out without any treatment EAC was applied on 6 bilateral systemic and 2 auricular points with a WQ10Dl appliance using 40-60Hz frequency for 20 min and individually adjusted intensity Postoperative pain intensity was rated on a 100 mm visual analog scale (VAS) between 2 and 72 h and recording the amount of analgesics intake after surgery Statistical analysis was performed using theWilcoxon test Postoperative pain VAS scores were significantly lower for the EAC group (plt005) and analgesic intake decreased (plt005) for all evaluated periods (plt005) Under the tested conditions EAC therapy is efficient was proved controlling postoperative pain following mandibular third molar surgical removal

J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2005 Apr33(2)118-22

Acupuncture analgesia and its application in cranio-maxillofacial surgical

procedures Pohodenko-Chudakova IODepartment of Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery Faculty of Stomatology

Belarussian State Medical University Minsk Belarus ip-cyandexru

PATIENTS AND METHODS Acupuncture analgesia was applied in 120 patients In 20 of these surgery was carried out under general anaesthesia in combination with acupuncture analgesia In 100 patients acupuncture analgesia was applied in addition to traditional postoperative analgesia In case of troublesome postoperative pain it was necessary to carry out additional sessions (1-4) of acupuncture stimulation

RESULTS When acupuncture analgesia was used the pulse rate and blood pressure during surgery generally remained stable In the present study serum cortisol was also measured and showed only minor elevation

CONCLUSION Acupuncture analgesia can be a useful adjunct to conventional anaesthesia in maxillofacial surgery

J Orofac Pain 2009 Fall23(4)353-9

Randomized clinical trial of acupuncture for myofascial pain of the jaw muscles Shen YF Younger J Goddard G Mackey S

Department of oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Center for Orofacial Pain University

of California San Francisco San Francisco CA 94143-0768 USA

METHODS Twenty-eight subjects over the age of 18 and diagnosed with chronic myofascial pain of the jaw muscles were randomized to receive real (n = 16) or sham (n = 12) acupuncture

RESULTS Subjects receiving real acupuncture experienced a significant reduction in jaw pain (P = 04) jawface tightness (P = 04) and neck pain (P = 04) and a significant increase in pain tolerance of the masseter muscle (P = 001) Subjects were not able to determine whether they received real or sham acupuncture (P = 69) No significant pain reductions were observed in the sham acupuncture group

CONCLUSION A single acupuncture session using one acupoint at Hegu large intestine 4 significantly reduced most myofascial pain endpoints when compared to sham acupuncture

MIND BODY ARTICLES

Read some other articles

How Mindfulness Meditation Can Help People With Rheumatoid

Arthritis (huffingtonpostcom)

How Meditation Changes Pain Relieves

Depression (psychologytodaycom)

How Meditation Might Relieve Pain (forbescom)

Neural correlates of pain reduction through

meditation (mindblogdericbowndsnet)

Pain Is No Matter for the Meditative Mind (brainbloggercom)

MIND-BODY Pain Relief Research

Reduced disability secondary to back pain improvements on global and physical health and improved pain levels compared to pre-intervention levels

Morone N Weiner D amp Greco C (2005) Randomized trial of mindfulness meditation in older adults for the treatment of chronic low back pain

- 34 of patients gtgt 33 decrease in pain- 12 of patients gtgt 50 decrease in pain - 44 of patients gtgt decreased analgesic use- 28 of patients gtgt discontinued analgesics

The Clinical Use of Mindfulness Meditation for the Self-Regulation of Chronic Pain Kabat-Zinn J Journal of Behavioral Medicine 1985

Many patients needed less pain medication After fifteen months not only did they suffer less pain but because they suffered less pain they also suffered less from depression and anxiety

WE Mehling KA Hamel M Acree N Byl and FM Hecht Randomized controlled trial of breath therapy for patients with chronic low-back pain Altern Ther Health Med 2005 JulndashAug 11(4)44ndash52

Chronic Pain

Acceptance-based interventions such as mindfulness-based stress reduction program and acceptance and commitment therapy are alternative approaches to cognitive behavioral therapy for treating patients wtih chronic pain In this systematic review and meta-analysis twenty-two studies were included totaling 1235 patients with chronic pain The results suggest that a mindfulness-based stress reduction program and acceptance and commitment therapy can be good alternatives to cognitive behavioral therapy More high-quality studies are needed Acceptance-based therapies have small to medium effects on physical and mental health in chronic pain patients comparable to those of cognitive behavioral therapy

Veehof MM Oskam MJ Schreurs KM Bohlmeijer ET Acceptance-based interventions for the treatment of chronic pain a systematic review and meta-analysis Pain 152(3)533-42 2011

Ten studies were included in this review Mindfulness-based interventions showed non-specific effects for the reduction of pain symptoms and the improvement of depressive symptoms in patients with chronic pain There were also some improvements in psychologic measures related to chronic pain including pain coping Further research in larger studies is warranted

Chiesa A Serretti A Mindfulness-based interventions for chronic pain a systematic review of the evidence Journal of Alternative amp Complementary Medicine 17(1) 83-93 2011

Page 2: ACUPUNCTURE AND FACIAL PAIN - Darcy Nat · (Bensoussan 1999, Rosted 1998, Ernst 1998). Controlled trials have shown that ear acupuncture is as effective as intranasal midazolam in

Geoff DrsquoArcy LicAc DOM

Geoff brings the wealth of Eastern philosophy and training to the healing arts of acupuncture and herbal medicine He began his training in Japan in the mid-1970s and returned to England to gain his licentiate in Traditional Chinese Acupuncture Geoff went on to study Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in hospitals and colleges in China and received a doctorate in Oriental Medicine in the United States with his Thesis The Sensation and Perception of Pain

Geoff has co-founded two large integrative medical centers in Massachusetts and at the Marino Center for Progressive Medicine was director of the Pain Clinic Geoff developed an Integrative Pain Relief Program

He has written several books and produced and radio shows and a video series on Integrative Medicine He is president of DrsquoArcy Naturals Inc a company that produces all natural herbal formulas for humans and pets Geoff has been in practice for over 35 years and currently practices at the DrsquoArcy Wellness Clinic in Natick Massachusetts where he is founder and director

DrsquoArcy Wellness Clinic Tel 508-650-1921 63 South Main St Natick MA 01760

A pdf of this Power Point Presentation is available athelliphellip

wwwdarcynatcom

WHY CONSIDERING ALTERNATIVE NON-DRUG THERAPIES MAKE SENSE FOR PAIN

1 in every 4 Americans (who is prescribed an opioid for noncancer related pain) becomes addicted

Nearly 2 million Americans abused or became addicted to prescription opioids in 2014

20101 overdose deaths related to prescription pain relievers and 12990 overdose deaths related to heroin in 2015

httpwwwasamorgdocsdefault-sourceadvocacyopioid-addiction-disease-facts-figurespdf

Acupuncture Anesthesia

ldquoPut your profession where your mouth isrdquo

How does Acupuncture work

Gate-Control Theory of

Pain

In 1962 Ronald Melzack

and P D Wall proposed the

gate-control theory pain

perception is not simply a

direct response to the

stimulation of pain fibers

but is also mediated by the

cooperation of excitation

and inhibition in pain

pathways

How does Acupuncture work

Human body contains 14 major meridians

Energy (Qi) goes through the meridians

If the energy is not in balance diseases occur

Needles being inserted into body will smooth the energy and make the energy balance

Slide Acupuncture As A Treatment For TMJ amp Other Oral facial Pain

Jun Xu MD

Acupuncture

Traditional Chinese acupuncture has a

history of more than 2500 years and is

one of the best-known complementary

and alternative therapies

Acupuncture stimulates the nervous

system and alters the processing and

perception of pain signals and also

releases natural painkillers such as

endorphins and serotonin in the nervous

system

Acupunctures successful use for various

dental conditions has been proven

Physical characteristics

of the Acupuncture points-WHO

Points are corresponds to the high electrical

conductance points on the body surface

High density of gap junctions at the epithelia of the

acupuncture points

Gap junctions are hexagonal proteins that facilitate

intercellular communication and increase electric

conductivity

Research on Acupuncture (as of 2000)

A recent systematic review2 of published literature was able to identify 74

publications concerning the use of acupuncture in dentistry of which 17

reported randomised controlled trials (RCT)8ndash22

Nine of the trials achieved this level of these four investigated TMD and four

the use of acupuncture in post-operative pain management All four trials

covering TMD 912ndash16 showed some benefit comparable to occlusal splint

therapy

Three of the trials on post-operative pain management found acupuncture

effective101117

The other recent review analysed 16 trials of the analgesic effect of

acupuncture and found that the majority of the studies showed some positive

effect1 although the experimental nature of some of the studies made the evaluation of practical use difficult

However in summary it may be stated that where trials are competently

constructed and executed there is a body of scientific evidence supporting the

efficacy of acupuncture within dental practice

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry P Rosted BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL VOLUME 189 NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

Auricular Acupuncture Points

Acupuncture

needling

Acupuncture

pellets

for

extended

use

ACUPUNCTURE MIND-BODY AND SUPPLEMENTS IN MY PRACTICE

Acupuncture

Acupuncture Electro-Acupuncture Magnets Ear Acupuncture

Mind-Body Pain Relief Program

Workbook

Audios Progressive Relaxation Guided Pain Relief Techniques

Dietary Supplements

Herbal Anti-inflammatories

Pain Relief Formulas

Enzymes

Chronic Facial Pain Case History

Pain is the Obstruction of the Flow of Life Force (Qi)

55 year old woman with Oligo-astrocytoma had a surgical resection of the tumor this left her with major inflammation and pain from partial removal of temporalis muscle tissue from the right side of the temple and jaw making chewing excruciating

Treatment Plan Acupuncture treatments 2 x week for 5 weeks 10 treatments

Electro acupuncture was applied to the distal points on pathways that move through the Temro-mandibular joint and face St 44 amp 43 and LI 4 amp 11

Acupuncture GB241TW6 ST4 Per 6 GB2 TW 17 ST3 GB8

Ear Acupuncture Points Shenmen Facial Mandible

Mind-Body Pain Relief 25 minutes 2 x day

Supplements Wobenzyme 2 x 2 day Inflam Ease Herbal Formula

Results Pain Score was reduced from 8 to 2 over a 5 week period

(Patient was also treated concurrently for Chemo induced Nausea very successfully enabling her to complete her course of chemotherapy)

Case History

Temporalis Muscle Trigger Points Acupuncture Points

Conditions to consider integrating Acupuncture

bull Dental pain

bull Dental anxiety and gag reflex

bull Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain or temporomandibular disorder (TMD)

bull TMJ clicking and locking

bull Chronic muscle pain or spasm

bull Atypical facial pain

bull Headache (tension headache migraine)

bull Xerostomia (dry mouth)

bull Nerve pain (neuralgia especially trigeminal neuralgia neuropathic pain nerve injury)

bull Paresthesia or anesthesia of the oral and paraoral structures

Introduction to Acupuncture in DentistryBRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL

ldquoAcupuncture is not a miracle cure and is not going to replace the drill However the technique can be a supplement to conventional treatments in TMDs facial pain pain management Sjoslashegrens syndrome and in phobias and anxietyrdquo

Acupuncture does have a scientific background and the efficacy has been tested in a number of clinical trials including pain management facial pain TMD and increasing of the pain thresholdrdquo

It is concluded that acupuncture could supplement conventional treatment modalities Its value in the treatment of temporomandibular dysfunction syndrome and facial pain has been well documented and supported by randomisedcontrolled trials Although it may be useful in the control of post-operative pain its use as sole analgesia for operative care is questionable The mode of action of acupuncture can be explained with reference to modern neurophysiology

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry P Rosted BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL VOLUME 189 NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

httpwwwexodontiainfofilesBDJ_2000_Acupuncture_-_Introduction_to_Acupuncture_in_Dentistrypdf

Electro-acupuncture (EA)efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar surgeryand Postoperative pain and swelling

Postoperative pain and swelling after third-molar surgery are usually controlled by administering drugs to patients before and after surgery Nonsteroidal anti-inflamatorydrugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used to produce an inhibitory effect on the cyclo-oxygenase enzyme However these drugs are associated with increased bleeding tendency gastric ulcerations and other adverse effects

Tavares et alevaluated the efficacy of EA on postoperative pain control after mandibular third-molar surgery Postoperative pain intensity (rated on a 10-cm visual analogue scale [VAS]) was significantly lower for the EA side and analgesic intake decreased for all evaluated periods The researchers concluded that EA controlled postoperative pain following mandibular third-molar surgical removal

16 Tavares MG Machado AP Motta BG BorsattoMC Rosa AL Xavier SP Electro-acupuncture efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar surgery Braz Dent J 200718(2)158ndash162 [PubMed]

MIND-BODYnothing is 100 in the mind orhellip 100 in the bodyhellip but some mix

between perception and sensation

A report from the Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center states

that ldquomeditation can be more effective than morphine This

is the first study to show that only a little over an hour of

meditation training can dramatically reduce both the

experience of pain and pain-related brain activation

40 per cent reduction in pain intensity and a

57 per cent reduction in pain unpleasantness

Meditation produced a greater reduction in pain than even

morphine or other pain-relieving drugs which typically

reduce pain ratings by about 25 per cent

MIND-BODYThe mind is the most powerful pharmaceutical factory on earth

Studies demonstrate that by doing only 20 minutes-a-day of a Guided Pain Relief Meditation Technique over a five-week period showed significant improvement for

A higher tolerance to pain

Decreased anxiety stress and depression

Increased activity levels

Decreased use of pain-related medications

Increased levels of self-esteem

(Mills 1981 Kabat-Zinn 1985 Harmon 1999)

MIND-BODYGUIDED PAIN RELIEF PROGRAM

Download the Natural Pain Relief Workbook

Pain Evaluation See what your pain score is before you start and then re-take it at the end for some good news

Download the Audios 20 minutes per day

Sweeping the Body Relaxation Week One Awareness technique ldquoSweeping the Bodyrdquo Relaxation

Guided Pain Relief Technique Week Two ldquoSofteningrdquo around the pain technique this is the main technique to practice

Rebalancing the Mind Week Three Balance Technique Re-balancing the Mind

Relaxing into Sleep Will help you relax and fall into a deep restful sleep

Free Access athellip

httpwwwtrue-wellnesscomindexphpprogramsmind-bodypain-relief

This may move to wwwdarcynatcom

Acupuncture Studies

taken from Dentistry

Journals and Papers

Introduction to

acupuncture in

dentistry P Rosted

BRITISH DENTAL

JOURNAL VOLUME 189

NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

Introduction to acupuncture

in dentistry P Rosted BRITISH

DENTAL JOURNAL VOLUME

189 NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry P Rosted BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL VOLUME 189

NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

StudiesStudies

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry P

Rosted BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL

VOLUME 189 NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

Acupuncture in 11 out of 15 studies proved effective in the

treatment of temperomandibular dysfunction (TMD) and as analgesia

The use of acupuncture in dentistry a review of the scientific validity of published paper

Oral Dis 1998 Jun4(2)100-4

(Bensoussan 1999 Rosted 1998 Ernst 1998) Controlled trials have shown that ear acupuncture is as effective as intranasal midazolam in reducing dental anxiety

(Karst 2007) and that acupuncture is more effective than placebo in the prevention of post-operative dental pain

(Lao 1999) and in reducing the gagging reflex

(Sari 2010) Evidence from case series suggests that acupuncture can reduce dental anxiety

(Rosted 2010) and the gagging reflex

(Rosted 2006) and that electroacupuncture can control post-operative pain after wisdom tooth extraction

(Tarares 2007) One controlled study found no effect on the pain threashold of dental pulp

(Goddard 2009)The systematic reviews are now more than 10 years old and up-to-date ones are called for to better evaluate the evidence

In general acupuncture is believed to stimulate the nervous system and cause the release of neurochemical messenger molecules The resulting biochemical changes influence the bodys homeostatic mechanisms thus promoting physical and emotional well-being Stimulation of certain acupuncture points has been shown to affect areas of the brain that are known to reduce sensitivity to pain and stress as well as promoting relaxation and deactivating the analytical brain which is responsible for anxiety (Wu 1999)

Acupuncture may help relieve dental pain by

stimulating nerves located in muscles and other tissues which leads to release of endorphins and other neurohumoral factors (eg neuropeptide Y serotonin) and changes the processing of pain in the brain and spinal cord (Pomeranz 1987 Han 2004 Zhao 2008 Zhou 2008 Lee 2009 Cheng 2009)

reducing the cardiovascular reflex elicited by toothache which is associated with the adrenergic system (Jung 2006)

increasing the release of adenosine which has antinociceptive properties (Goldman 2010)

modulating the limbic-paralimbic-neocortical network (Hui 2009)

reducing inflammation by promoting release of vascular and immunomodulatory factors (Kavoussi 2007 Zijlstra 2003)

increasing local microcirculation (Komori 2009) which aids dispersal of swelling

British Acupuncture Council

Systematic reviews

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry

Br Dent J 2000 Aug 12189(3)136-40

Rosted P

The use of acupuncture in dentistry a review of the scientific validity of published papers

Oral Dis 1998 Jun4(2)100-4

Rosted P

Temporomandibular Dysfunction

Practical recommendations for the use of acupuncture in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders based on the outcome of published controlled studies

Oral Dis 2001 Mar7(2)109-15

Rosted P

Effectiveness of acupuncture in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders of muscular origin a systematic review of the last decade

La Touche R Angulo-Diacuteaz-Parrentildeo S de-la-Hoz JL Fernaacutendez-CarneroJ Ge HY Linares MT Mesa J Saacutenchez-Gutieacuterrez J J AlternComplement Med 2010 Jan16(1)107-12

Bells Palsy

Physical therapy for Bellrsquos palsy (idiopathic facial paralysis)

Teixeira LJ Valbuza JS Prado GF Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011 Dec 7(12)CD006283

Department of Neurology West China Hospital Sichuan University Wai Nan Guo Xue Xiang 37 Chengdu Sichuan China 610041

Dental painThe effectiveness of acupuncture in treating acute dental pain a systematic reviewErnst E Pittler MH Br Dent J 1998 May 9184(9)443-7

Dry Mouth

Randomized controlled trial of acupuncture for prevention of radiation-induced xerostomia among patients with nasopharyngeal carcinomaMeng Z Garcia MK Hu C Chiang J Chambers M Rosenthal DI Peng H Zhang Y Zhao Q Zhao G Liu L Spelman A Palmer JL Wei Q Cohen LCancer 2012 Jul 1118(13)3337-44 doi 101002cncr26550 Epub 2011 Nov 9

Dental AnxietyAuricular acupuncture effectively reduces state anxiety before dental treatment ndash a randomised controlled trialMichalek-Sauberer A Gusenleitner E Gleiss A Tepper G Deusch EClin Oral Investig 2012 Jan 6 [Epub ahead of print]

Trigeminal NeuralgiaPractical application of meridian acupuncture treatment for trigeminal neuralgiaBeppu S Sato Y Amemiya Y Tode IAnesth Pain Control Dent 1992 Spring1(2)103-8

Post Operative Dental PainAcupuncture treatment of pain dysfunction syndrome after dental extractionRosted P Joslashrgensen VAcupunct Med 2002 Dec20(4)191-2

Thanks to httpbenzappincomacupuncture-in-dentistry

1 Rosted P Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry Br Dent J 2000189(3)136ndash140 [PubMed]

2 Stux G Pomeranz G Scientific Basis of Acupuncture Acupuncture Textbook and Atlas Heidelberg Springer Verlag 1987

3 Lao L Bergman S Langenberg P Wong RH Berman B Efficacy of Chinese acupuncture on postoperative oral surgery pain Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 199579(4)423ndash428[PubMed]

4 Rosted P The use of acupuncture in dentistry A systematic review Acupunct Med 199816(1)43ndash48

5 Wong LB Acupuncture in dentistry Its possible role and application Proc Singapore Healthcare 201221(1)432ndash448

6 Michalek-Sauberer A Heinzl H Sator-Katzenschlager SM Monov G Knolle E Kress HGPerioperative auricular electroacupuncture has no effect on pain and analgesic consumption after third molar tooth extraction Anesth Analg 2007104(3)542ndash547 [PubMed]

7 Ulett GA Han S Han JS Electroacupuncture Mechanisms and clinical application Biol Psychiatr 199844(2)129ndash138 [PubMed]

8 Fang J Jin Z Wang Y et al The salient characteristics of the central effects of acupuncture needling Limbicndashparalimbicndashneocortical network modulation Hum Brain Mapp 200930(4)1196ndash1206 [PubMed]

9 National Institutes of Health (NIH) NIH Consensus Conference Acupuncture JAMA 1998280(17)1518ndash1524 [PubMed]

10 Ernst E Pittler MH The effectiveness of acupuncture in treating acute dental pain A systematic review Br Dent J 1998184(9)443ndash447 [PubMed]

11 Goddard G Albers D Effects of acupuncture at Large Intestine 4 (LI 4) on electrical tooth pulp stimulation A randomized controlled pilot study Med Acupunct 200921(3)167ndash171

12 Chapman CR Chen AC Bonica JJ Effects of intrasegmental electrical acupuncture on dental pain Evaluation by threshold estimation and sensory decision Pain 19773(3)213ndash227 [PubMed]

13 Andersson S Lundeberg T Acupuncturemdashfrom empiricism to science Functional background to [sic] acupuncture effects in pain and disease Med Hypotheses 199545(3)271ndash281 [PubMed]

14 Rosted P Bundgaard M Can acupuncture reduce the induction time of a local anaestheticmdashA pilot study Acupunct Med 200321(3)92ndash99 [PubMed]

15 Simmons MS Oleson TD Auricular electrical stimulation and dental pain threshold Anesth Prog 199340(1)14ndash19 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

16 Tavares MG Machado AP Motta BG Borsatto MC Rosa AL Xavier SP Electro-acupuncture efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar surgery Braz Dent J 200718(2)158ndash162 [PubMed]

17 Lao L Bergman S Hamilton GR Langenberg P Berman B Evaluation of acupuncture for pain control after oral surgery A placebo-controlled trial Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1999125(5)567ndash572 [PubMed]

18 Ribeiro DC Dental Acupuncture A Technique Against Pain 1st ed Satildeo Paulo Iacutecone 2002

19 Kitade T Ohyabu H Analgesic effects of acupuncture on pain after mandibular wisdom tooth extraction Acupunct Electrother Res 200025(2)109ndash115 [PubMed]

20 Ekblom A Hansson P Thomsson M Thomas M Increased postoperative pain and consumption of analgesics following acupuncture Pain 199144(3)241ndash247 [PubMed]

21 Zijlstra FJ van den Berg-de Lange I Huygen FJ Klein J Anti-inflammatory actions of acupuncture Mediators Inflamm 200312(2)59ndash69 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

22 Karst M Winterhalter M Muumlnte S et al Auricular acupuncture for dental anxiety A randomized controlled trial Anesth Analg 2007104(2)295ndash300 [PubMed]

23 Rosted P Bundgaard M Gordon S Pedersen AM Acupuncture in the management of anxiety related to dental treatment A case series Acupunct Med 201028(1)3ndash5 [PubMed]

24 Sari E Sari T The role of acupuncture in the treatment of orthodontic patients with a gagging reflex A pilot study Br Dent J 2010208(10)E19 [PubMed]

25 Rosted P Bundgaard M Fiske J Pedersen AM The use of acupuncture in controlling the gag reflex in patients requiring an upper alginate impression An audit Br Dent J 2006201(11)721ndash725discussion715 [PubMed]

26 List T Acupuncture in the treatment of patients with craniomandibular disorders Comparative longitudinal and methodological studies Swed Dent J Suppl 1992871ndash159 [PubMed]

27 Park J White A Stevinson C Ernst E James M Validating a new non-penetrating sham acupuncture device Two randomised controlled trials Acupunct Med 200220(4)168ndash174 [PubMed]

28 Shen YF Younger J Goddard G Mackey S Randomized clinical trial of acupuncture for myofascial pain of the jaw muscles J OrofacPain 200923(4)353ndash359 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

29 Cho SH Whang WW Acupuncture for temporomandibular disorders A systematic review J Orofac Pain 201024(2)152ndash162 [PubMed]

30 Johnstone PA Peng YP May BC Inouye WS Niemtzow RC Acupuncture for pilocarpine-resistant xerostomia following radiotherapy for head and neck malignancies Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 200150(2)353ndash357 [PubMed]

31 Furness S Bryan G McMillan R Worthington HV Interventions for the management of dry mouth Non-pharmacological interventions Cochrane Database Syst Rev 20138CD009603 [PubMed]

32 Silva SA Acupuncture for the relief of pain of facial and dental origin Anesth Prog 198936(4ndash5)244ndash245 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

33 Chien TJ Liu CY Hsu CH Integrating acupuncture into cancer care J Tradit Complement Med 20133(4)234ndash239 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

34 Liang F Li Y Yu S et al A multicentral randomized control study on clinical acupuncture treatment of Bells palsy J Tradit Chin Med 200626(1)3ndash7 [PubMed]

35 Bensoussan A Systematic review of acupuncture in dental pain Focus Altern Complement Ther 1999415ndash16

36 Pomeranz B Scientific basis of acupuncture In Stux G editor Pomeranz B editor eds Acupuncture Textbook and Atlas Heidelberg Springer-Verlag 19871ndash18

37 Kavoussi B Ross BE The neuroimmune basis of anti-inflammatory acupuncture Integr Cancer Ther 20076(3)251ndash257 [PubMed]

Thanks to httpswwwncbinlmnihgovpmcarticlesPMC4270142

Naik PN Kiran RA Yalamanchal S Kumar VA Goli S Vashist N Acupuncture An Alternative Therapy in Dentistry and Its Possible Applications Medical Acupuncture 201426(6)308-314 doi101089acu20141028

Ann Ital Chir 1995 May-Jun66(3)373-8

[Treatment of trigeminal neuralgia with electroacupuncture Experience with 104

cases]Costantini D Tomasello C Buonopane CE Sances D Marandola M Delogu G

Istituto di Anestesiologia e Rianimazione Universitagrave degli Studi di Roma La

Sapienza

The essential or secondary trigeminal neuralgia is a very frequent and invalidant disease In this forms the medical or surgical conventional therapies are often inadequate In this study we evaluated the effects of the acupunctural therapy on 104 patients (mean age 523 +- 13 years) with idiopathic or secondary trigeminal neuralgia Utilizing cycles of twelve sessions the acupunctural treatment was performed with an electrostimulator on local points and a distance or on aching points in the secondary forms The results was evaluated on the basis of three parameters (reappearance of the symptomatology absence of pain in months and preceding treatments) and was defined using this scale very well well fair and null In conclusion we can say that acupuncture is an elective treatment in all kinds of secondary tregeminalneuralgia while in the idiopathic form its validity is conditioned by preceding medical treatments and by beginning of the disease

Braz Dent J 200718(2)158-62

Electro-acupuncture efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar

surgeryTavares MG Machado AP Motta BG Borsatto MC Rosa AL Xavier SP

Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology School of Dentistry

of Ribeiratildeo Preto University of Sao Paulo Ribeiratildeo Preto SP Brazil

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of electro-acupuncture (EAC) on postoperative pain control after mandibular third molar surgery Twenty four young patients (12 male and 12 female) with symmetrically impacted mandibular third molars were selected Each patient was submitted to two separate surgical procedures under local anesthesia At one side extraction was carried out employing both prior (24h) and immediately postoperative application of EAC while on the contralateral side surgery was carried out without any treatment EAC was applied on 6 bilateral systemic and 2 auricular points with a WQ10Dl appliance using 40-60Hz frequency for 20 min and individually adjusted intensity Postoperative pain intensity was rated on a 100 mm visual analog scale (VAS) between 2 and 72 h and recording the amount of analgesics intake after surgery Statistical analysis was performed using theWilcoxon test Postoperative pain VAS scores were significantly lower for the EAC group (plt005) and analgesic intake decreased (plt005) for all evaluated periods (plt005) Under the tested conditions EAC therapy is efficient was proved controlling postoperative pain following mandibular third molar surgical removal

J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2005 Apr33(2)118-22

Acupuncture analgesia and its application in cranio-maxillofacial surgical

procedures Pohodenko-Chudakova IODepartment of Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery Faculty of Stomatology

Belarussian State Medical University Minsk Belarus ip-cyandexru

PATIENTS AND METHODS Acupuncture analgesia was applied in 120 patients In 20 of these surgery was carried out under general anaesthesia in combination with acupuncture analgesia In 100 patients acupuncture analgesia was applied in addition to traditional postoperative analgesia In case of troublesome postoperative pain it was necessary to carry out additional sessions (1-4) of acupuncture stimulation

RESULTS When acupuncture analgesia was used the pulse rate and blood pressure during surgery generally remained stable In the present study serum cortisol was also measured and showed only minor elevation

CONCLUSION Acupuncture analgesia can be a useful adjunct to conventional anaesthesia in maxillofacial surgery

J Orofac Pain 2009 Fall23(4)353-9

Randomized clinical trial of acupuncture for myofascial pain of the jaw muscles Shen YF Younger J Goddard G Mackey S

Department of oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Center for Orofacial Pain University

of California San Francisco San Francisco CA 94143-0768 USA

METHODS Twenty-eight subjects over the age of 18 and diagnosed with chronic myofascial pain of the jaw muscles were randomized to receive real (n = 16) or sham (n = 12) acupuncture

RESULTS Subjects receiving real acupuncture experienced a significant reduction in jaw pain (P = 04) jawface tightness (P = 04) and neck pain (P = 04) and a significant increase in pain tolerance of the masseter muscle (P = 001) Subjects were not able to determine whether they received real or sham acupuncture (P = 69) No significant pain reductions were observed in the sham acupuncture group

CONCLUSION A single acupuncture session using one acupoint at Hegu large intestine 4 significantly reduced most myofascial pain endpoints when compared to sham acupuncture

MIND BODY ARTICLES

Read some other articles

How Mindfulness Meditation Can Help People With Rheumatoid

Arthritis (huffingtonpostcom)

How Meditation Changes Pain Relieves

Depression (psychologytodaycom)

How Meditation Might Relieve Pain (forbescom)

Neural correlates of pain reduction through

meditation (mindblogdericbowndsnet)

Pain Is No Matter for the Meditative Mind (brainbloggercom)

MIND-BODY Pain Relief Research

Reduced disability secondary to back pain improvements on global and physical health and improved pain levels compared to pre-intervention levels

Morone N Weiner D amp Greco C (2005) Randomized trial of mindfulness meditation in older adults for the treatment of chronic low back pain

- 34 of patients gtgt 33 decrease in pain- 12 of patients gtgt 50 decrease in pain - 44 of patients gtgt decreased analgesic use- 28 of patients gtgt discontinued analgesics

The Clinical Use of Mindfulness Meditation for the Self-Regulation of Chronic Pain Kabat-Zinn J Journal of Behavioral Medicine 1985

Many patients needed less pain medication After fifteen months not only did they suffer less pain but because they suffered less pain they also suffered less from depression and anxiety

WE Mehling KA Hamel M Acree N Byl and FM Hecht Randomized controlled trial of breath therapy for patients with chronic low-back pain Altern Ther Health Med 2005 JulndashAug 11(4)44ndash52

Chronic Pain

Acceptance-based interventions such as mindfulness-based stress reduction program and acceptance and commitment therapy are alternative approaches to cognitive behavioral therapy for treating patients wtih chronic pain In this systematic review and meta-analysis twenty-two studies were included totaling 1235 patients with chronic pain The results suggest that a mindfulness-based stress reduction program and acceptance and commitment therapy can be good alternatives to cognitive behavioral therapy More high-quality studies are needed Acceptance-based therapies have small to medium effects on physical and mental health in chronic pain patients comparable to those of cognitive behavioral therapy

Veehof MM Oskam MJ Schreurs KM Bohlmeijer ET Acceptance-based interventions for the treatment of chronic pain a systematic review and meta-analysis Pain 152(3)533-42 2011

Ten studies were included in this review Mindfulness-based interventions showed non-specific effects for the reduction of pain symptoms and the improvement of depressive symptoms in patients with chronic pain There were also some improvements in psychologic measures related to chronic pain including pain coping Further research in larger studies is warranted

Chiesa A Serretti A Mindfulness-based interventions for chronic pain a systematic review of the evidence Journal of Alternative amp Complementary Medicine 17(1) 83-93 2011

Page 3: ACUPUNCTURE AND FACIAL PAIN - Darcy Nat · (Bensoussan 1999, Rosted 1998, Ernst 1998). Controlled trials have shown that ear acupuncture is as effective as intranasal midazolam in

WHY CONSIDERING ALTERNATIVE NON-DRUG THERAPIES MAKE SENSE FOR PAIN

1 in every 4 Americans (who is prescribed an opioid for noncancer related pain) becomes addicted

Nearly 2 million Americans abused or became addicted to prescription opioids in 2014

20101 overdose deaths related to prescription pain relievers and 12990 overdose deaths related to heroin in 2015

httpwwwasamorgdocsdefault-sourceadvocacyopioid-addiction-disease-facts-figurespdf

Acupuncture Anesthesia

ldquoPut your profession where your mouth isrdquo

How does Acupuncture work

Gate-Control Theory of

Pain

In 1962 Ronald Melzack

and P D Wall proposed the

gate-control theory pain

perception is not simply a

direct response to the

stimulation of pain fibers

but is also mediated by the

cooperation of excitation

and inhibition in pain

pathways

How does Acupuncture work

Human body contains 14 major meridians

Energy (Qi) goes through the meridians

If the energy is not in balance diseases occur

Needles being inserted into body will smooth the energy and make the energy balance

Slide Acupuncture As A Treatment For TMJ amp Other Oral facial Pain

Jun Xu MD

Acupuncture

Traditional Chinese acupuncture has a

history of more than 2500 years and is

one of the best-known complementary

and alternative therapies

Acupuncture stimulates the nervous

system and alters the processing and

perception of pain signals and also

releases natural painkillers such as

endorphins and serotonin in the nervous

system

Acupunctures successful use for various

dental conditions has been proven

Physical characteristics

of the Acupuncture points-WHO

Points are corresponds to the high electrical

conductance points on the body surface

High density of gap junctions at the epithelia of the

acupuncture points

Gap junctions are hexagonal proteins that facilitate

intercellular communication and increase electric

conductivity

Research on Acupuncture (as of 2000)

A recent systematic review2 of published literature was able to identify 74

publications concerning the use of acupuncture in dentistry of which 17

reported randomised controlled trials (RCT)8ndash22

Nine of the trials achieved this level of these four investigated TMD and four

the use of acupuncture in post-operative pain management All four trials

covering TMD 912ndash16 showed some benefit comparable to occlusal splint

therapy

Three of the trials on post-operative pain management found acupuncture

effective101117

The other recent review analysed 16 trials of the analgesic effect of

acupuncture and found that the majority of the studies showed some positive

effect1 although the experimental nature of some of the studies made the evaluation of practical use difficult

However in summary it may be stated that where trials are competently

constructed and executed there is a body of scientific evidence supporting the

efficacy of acupuncture within dental practice

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry P Rosted BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL VOLUME 189 NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

Auricular Acupuncture Points

Acupuncture

needling

Acupuncture

pellets

for

extended

use

ACUPUNCTURE MIND-BODY AND SUPPLEMENTS IN MY PRACTICE

Acupuncture

Acupuncture Electro-Acupuncture Magnets Ear Acupuncture

Mind-Body Pain Relief Program

Workbook

Audios Progressive Relaxation Guided Pain Relief Techniques

Dietary Supplements

Herbal Anti-inflammatories

Pain Relief Formulas

Enzymes

Chronic Facial Pain Case History

Pain is the Obstruction of the Flow of Life Force (Qi)

55 year old woman with Oligo-astrocytoma had a surgical resection of the tumor this left her with major inflammation and pain from partial removal of temporalis muscle tissue from the right side of the temple and jaw making chewing excruciating

Treatment Plan Acupuncture treatments 2 x week for 5 weeks 10 treatments

Electro acupuncture was applied to the distal points on pathways that move through the Temro-mandibular joint and face St 44 amp 43 and LI 4 amp 11

Acupuncture GB241TW6 ST4 Per 6 GB2 TW 17 ST3 GB8

Ear Acupuncture Points Shenmen Facial Mandible

Mind-Body Pain Relief 25 minutes 2 x day

Supplements Wobenzyme 2 x 2 day Inflam Ease Herbal Formula

Results Pain Score was reduced from 8 to 2 over a 5 week period

(Patient was also treated concurrently for Chemo induced Nausea very successfully enabling her to complete her course of chemotherapy)

Case History

Temporalis Muscle Trigger Points Acupuncture Points

Conditions to consider integrating Acupuncture

bull Dental pain

bull Dental anxiety and gag reflex

bull Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain or temporomandibular disorder (TMD)

bull TMJ clicking and locking

bull Chronic muscle pain or spasm

bull Atypical facial pain

bull Headache (tension headache migraine)

bull Xerostomia (dry mouth)

bull Nerve pain (neuralgia especially trigeminal neuralgia neuropathic pain nerve injury)

bull Paresthesia or anesthesia of the oral and paraoral structures

Introduction to Acupuncture in DentistryBRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL

ldquoAcupuncture is not a miracle cure and is not going to replace the drill However the technique can be a supplement to conventional treatments in TMDs facial pain pain management Sjoslashegrens syndrome and in phobias and anxietyrdquo

Acupuncture does have a scientific background and the efficacy has been tested in a number of clinical trials including pain management facial pain TMD and increasing of the pain thresholdrdquo

It is concluded that acupuncture could supplement conventional treatment modalities Its value in the treatment of temporomandibular dysfunction syndrome and facial pain has been well documented and supported by randomisedcontrolled trials Although it may be useful in the control of post-operative pain its use as sole analgesia for operative care is questionable The mode of action of acupuncture can be explained with reference to modern neurophysiology

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry P Rosted BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL VOLUME 189 NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

httpwwwexodontiainfofilesBDJ_2000_Acupuncture_-_Introduction_to_Acupuncture_in_Dentistrypdf

Electro-acupuncture (EA)efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar surgeryand Postoperative pain and swelling

Postoperative pain and swelling after third-molar surgery are usually controlled by administering drugs to patients before and after surgery Nonsteroidal anti-inflamatorydrugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used to produce an inhibitory effect on the cyclo-oxygenase enzyme However these drugs are associated with increased bleeding tendency gastric ulcerations and other adverse effects

Tavares et alevaluated the efficacy of EA on postoperative pain control after mandibular third-molar surgery Postoperative pain intensity (rated on a 10-cm visual analogue scale [VAS]) was significantly lower for the EA side and analgesic intake decreased for all evaluated periods The researchers concluded that EA controlled postoperative pain following mandibular third-molar surgical removal

16 Tavares MG Machado AP Motta BG BorsattoMC Rosa AL Xavier SP Electro-acupuncture efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar surgery Braz Dent J 200718(2)158ndash162 [PubMed]

MIND-BODYnothing is 100 in the mind orhellip 100 in the bodyhellip but some mix

between perception and sensation

A report from the Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center states

that ldquomeditation can be more effective than morphine This

is the first study to show that only a little over an hour of

meditation training can dramatically reduce both the

experience of pain and pain-related brain activation

40 per cent reduction in pain intensity and a

57 per cent reduction in pain unpleasantness

Meditation produced a greater reduction in pain than even

morphine or other pain-relieving drugs which typically

reduce pain ratings by about 25 per cent

MIND-BODYThe mind is the most powerful pharmaceutical factory on earth

Studies demonstrate that by doing only 20 minutes-a-day of a Guided Pain Relief Meditation Technique over a five-week period showed significant improvement for

A higher tolerance to pain

Decreased anxiety stress and depression

Increased activity levels

Decreased use of pain-related medications

Increased levels of self-esteem

(Mills 1981 Kabat-Zinn 1985 Harmon 1999)

MIND-BODYGUIDED PAIN RELIEF PROGRAM

Download the Natural Pain Relief Workbook

Pain Evaluation See what your pain score is before you start and then re-take it at the end for some good news

Download the Audios 20 minutes per day

Sweeping the Body Relaxation Week One Awareness technique ldquoSweeping the Bodyrdquo Relaxation

Guided Pain Relief Technique Week Two ldquoSofteningrdquo around the pain technique this is the main technique to practice

Rebalancing the Mind Week Three Balance Technique Re-balancing the Mind

Relaxing into Sleep Will help you relax and fall into a deep restful sleep

Free Access athellip

httpwwwtrue-wellnesscomindexphpprogramsmind-bodypain-relief

This may move to wwwdarcynatcom

Acupuncture Studies

taken from Dentistry

Journals and Papers

Introduction to

acupuncture in

dentistry P Rosted

BRITISH DENTAL

JOURNAL VOLUME 189

NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

Introduction to acupuncture

in dentistry P Rosted BRITISH

DENTAL JOURNAL VOLUME

189 NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry P Rosted BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL VOLUME 189

NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

StudiesStudies

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry P

Rosted BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL

VOLUME 189 NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

Acupuncture in 11 out of 15 studies proved effective in the

treatment of temperomandibular dysfunction (TMD) and as analgesia

The use of acupuncture in dentistry a review of the scientific validity of published paper

Oral Dis 1998 Jun4(2)100-4

(Bensoussan 1999 Rosted 1998 Ernst 1998) Controlled trials have shown that ear acupuncture is as effective as intranasal midazolam in reducing dental anxiety

(Karst 2007) and that acupuncture is more effective than placebo in the prevention of post-operative dental pain

(Lao 1999) and in reducing the gagging reflex

(Sari 2010) Evidence from case series suggests that acupuncture can reduce dental anxiety

(Rosted 2010) and the gagging reflex

(Rosted 2006) and that electroacupuncture can control post-operative pain after wisdom tooth extraction

(Tarares 2007) One controlled study found no effect on the pain threashold of dental pulp

(Goddard 2009)The systematic reviews are now more than 10 years old and up-to-date ones are called for to better evaluate the evidence

In general acupuncture is believed to stimulate the nervous system and cause the release of neurochemical messenger molecules The resulting biochemical changes influence the bodys homeostatic mechanisms thus promoting physical and emotional well-being Stimulation of certain acupuncture points has been shown to affect areas of the brain that are known to reduce sensitivity to pain and stress as well as promoting relaxation and deactivating the analytical brain which is responsible for anxiety (Wu 1999)

Acupuncture may help relieve dental pain by

stimulating nerves located in muscles and other tissues which leads to release of endorphins and other neurohumoral factors (eg neuropeptide Y serotonin) and changes the processing of pain in the brain and spinal cord (Pomeranz 1987 Han 2004 Zhao 2008 Zhou 2008 Lee 2009 Cheng 2009)

reducing the cardiovascular reflex elicited by toothache which is associated with the adrenergic system (Jung 2006)

increasing the release of adenosine which has antinociceptive properties (Goldman 2010)

modulating the limbic-paralimbic-neocortical network (Hui 2009)

reducing inflammation by promoting release of vascular and immunomodulatory factors (Kavoussi 2007 Zijlstra 2003)

increasing local microcirculation (Komori 2009) which aids dispersal of swelling

British Acupuncture Council

Systematic reviews

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry

Br Dent J 2000 Aug 12189(3)136-40

Rosted P

The use of acupuncture in dentistry a review of the scientific validity of published papers

Oral Dis 1998 Jun4(2)100-4

Rosted P

Temporomandibular Dysfunction

Practical recommendations for the use of acupuncture in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders based on the outcome of published controlled studies

Oral Dis 2001 Mar7(2)109-15

Rosted P

Effectiveness of acupuncture in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders of muscular origin a systematic review of the last decade

La Touche R Angulo-Diacuteaz-Parrentildeo S de-la-Hoz JL Fernaacutendez-CarneroJ Ge HY Linares MT Mesa J Saacutenchez-Gutieacuterrez J J AlternComplement Med 2010 Jan16(1)107-12

Bells Palsy

Physical therapy for Bellrsquos palsy (idiopathic facial paralysis)

Teixeira LJ Valbuza JS Prado GF Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011 Dec 7(12)CD006283

Department of Neurology West China Hospital Sichuan University Wai Nan Guo Xue Xiang 37 Chengdu Sichuan China 610041

Dental painThe effectiveness of acupuncture in treating acute dental pain a systematic reviewErnst E Pittler MH Br Dent J 1998 May 9184(9)443-7

Dry Mouth

Randomized controlled trial of acupuncture for prevention of radiation-induced xerostomia among patients with nasopharyngeal carcinomaMeng Z Garcia MK Hu C Chiang J Chambers M Rosenthal DI Peng H Zhang Y Zhao Q Zhao G Liu L Spelman A Palmer JL Wei Q Cohen LCancer 2012 Jul 1118(13)3337-44 doi 101002cncr26550 Epub 2011 Nov 9

Dental AnxietyAuricular acupuncture effectively reduces state anxiety before dental treatment ndash a randomised controlled trialMichalek-Sauberer A Gusenleitner E Gleiss A Tepper G Deusch EClin Oral Investig 2012 Jan 6 [Epub ahead of print]

Trigeminal NeuralgiaPractical application of meridian acupuncture treatment for trigeminal neuralgiaBeppu S Sato Y Amemiya Y Tode IAnesth Pain Control Dent 1992 Spring1(2)103-8

Post Operative Dental PainAcupuncture treatment of pain dysfunction syndrome after dental extractionRosted P Joslashrgensen VAcupunct Med 2002 Dec20(4)191-2

Thanks to httpbenzappincomacupuncture-in-dentistry

1 Rosted P Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry Br Dent J 2000189(3)136ndash140 [PubMed]

2 Stux G Pomeranz G Scientific Basis of Acupuncture Acupuncture Textbook and Atlas Heidelberg Springer Verlag 1987

3 Lao L Bergman S Langenberg P Wong RH Berman B Efficacy of Chinese acupuncture on postoperative oral surgery pain Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 199579(4)423ndash428[PubMed]

4 Rosted P The use of acupuncture in dentistry A systematic review Acupunct Med 199816(1)43ndash48

5 Wong LB Acupuncture in dentistry Its possible role and application Proc Singapore Healthcare 201221(1)432ndash448

6 Michalek-Sauberer A Heinzl H Sator-Katzenschlager SM Monov G Knolle E Kress HGPerioperative auricular electroacupuncture has no effect on pain and analgesic consumption after third molar tooth extraction Anesth Analg 2007104(3)542ndash547 [PubMed]

7 Ulett GA Han S Han JS Electroacupuncture Mechanisms and clinical application Biol Psychiatr 199844(2)129ndash138 [PubMed]

8 Fang J Jin Z Wang Y et al The salient characteristics of the central effects of acupuncture needling Limbicndashparalimbicndashneocortical network modulation Hum Brain Mapp 200930(4)1196ndash1206 [PubMed]

9 National Institutes of Health (NIH) NIH Consensus Conference Acupuncture JAMA 1998280(17)1518ndash1524 [PubMed]

10 Ernst E Pittler MH The effectiveness of acupuncture in treating acute dental pain A systematic review Br Dent J 1998184(9)443ndash447 [PubMed]

11 Goddard G Albers D Effects of acupuncture at Large Intestine 4 (LI 4) on electrical tooth pulp stimulation A randomized controlled pilot study Med Acupunct 200921(3)167ndash171

12 Chapman CR Chen AC Bonica JJ Effects of intrasegmental electrical acupuncture on dental pain Evaluation by threshold estimation and sensory decision Pain 19773(3)213ndash227 [PubMed]

13 Andersson S Lundeberg T Acupuncturemdashfrom empiricism to science Functional background to [sic] acupuncture effects in pain and disease Med Hypotheses 199545(3)271ndash281 [PubMed]

14 Rosted P Bundgaard M Can acupuncture reduce the induction time of a local anaestheticmdashA pilot study Acupunct Med 200321(3)92ndash99 [PubMed]

15 Simmons MS Oleson TD Auricular electrical stimulation and dental pain threshold Anesth Prog 199340(1)14ndash19 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

16 Tavares MG Machado AP Motta BG Borsatto MC Rosa AL Xavier SP Electro-acupuncture efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar surgery Braz Dent J 200718(2)158ndash162 [PubMed]

17 Lao L Bergman S Hamilton GR Langenberg P Berman B Evaluation of acupuncture for pain control after oral surgery A placebo-controlled trial Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1999125(5)567ndash572 [PubMed]

18 Ribeiro DC Dental Acupuncture A Technique Against Pain 1st ed Satildeo Paulo Iacutecone 2002

19 Kitade T Ohyabu H Analgesic effects of acupuncture on pain after mandibular wisdom tooth extraction Acupunct Electrother Res 200025(2)109ndash115 [PubMed]

20 Ekblom A Hansson P Thomsson M Thomas M Increased postoperative pain and consumption of analgesics following acupuncture Pain 199144(3)241ndash247 [PubMed]

21 Zijlstra FJ van den Berg-de Lange I Huygen FJ Klein J Anti-inflammatory actions of acupuncture Mediators Inflamm 200312(2)59ndash69 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

22 Karst M Winterhalter M Muumlnte S et al Auricular acupuncture for dental anxiety A randomized controlled trial Anesth Analg 2007104(2)295ndash300 [PubMed]

23 Rosted P Bundgaard M Gordon S Pedersen AM Acupuncture in the management of anxiety related to dental treatment A case series Acupunct Med 201028(1)3ndash5 [PubMed]

24 Sari E Sari T The role of acupuncture in the treatment of orthodontic patients with a gagging reflex A pilot study Br Dent J 2010208(10)E19 [PubMed]

25 Rosted P Bundgaard M Fiske J Pedersen AM The use of acupuncture in controlling the gag reflex in patients requiring an upper alginate impression An audit Br Dent J 2006201(11)721ndash725discussion715 [PubMed]

26 List T Acupuncture in the treatment of patients with craniomandibular disorders Comparative longitudinal and methodological studies Swed Dent J Suppl 1992871ndash159 [PubMed]

27 Park J White A Stevinson C Ernst E James M Validating a new non-penetrating sham acupuncture device Two randomised controlled trials Acupunct Med 200220(4)168ndash174 [PubMed]

28 Shen YF Younger J Goddard G Mackey S Randomized clinical trial of acupuncture for myofascial pain of the jaw muscles J OrofacPain 200923(4)353ndash359 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

29 Cho SH Whang WW Acupuncture for temporomandibular disorders A systematic review J Orofac Pain 201024(2)152ndash162 [PubMed]

30 Johnstone PA Peng YP May BC Inouye WS Niemtzow RC Acupuncture for pilocarpine-resistant xerostomia following radiotherapy for head and neck malignancies Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 200150(2)353ndash357 [PubMed]

31 Furness S Bryan G McMillan R Worthington HV Interventions for the management of dry mouth Non-pharmacological interventions Cochrane Database Syst Rev 20138CD009603 [PubMed]

32 Silva SA Acupuncture for the relief of pain of facial and dental origin Anesth Prog 198936(4ndash5)244ndash245 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

33 Chien TJ Liu CY Hsu CH Integrating acupuncture into cancer care J Tradit Complement Med 20133(4)234ndash239 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

34 Liang F Li Y Yu S et al A multicentral randomized control study on clinical acupuncture treatment of Bells palsy J Tradit Chin Med 200626(1)3ndash7 [PubMed]

35 Bensoussan A Systematic review of acupuncture in dental pain Focus Altern Complement Ther 1999415ndash16

36 Pomeranz B Scientific basis of acupuncture In Stux G editor Pomeranz B editor eds Acupuncture Textbook and Atlas Heidelberg Springer-Verlag 19871ndash18

37 Kavoussi B Ross BE The neuroimmune basis of anti-inflammatory acupuncture Integr Cancer Ther 20076(3)251ndash257 [PubMed]

Thanks to httpswwwncbinlmnihgovpmcarticlesPMC4270142

Naik PN Kiran RA Yalamanchal S Kumar VA Goli S Vashist N Acupuncture An Alternative Therapy in Dentistry and Its Possible Applications Medical Acupuncture 201426(6)308-314 doi101089acu20141028

Ann Ital Chir 1995 May-Jun66(3)373-8

[Treatment of trigeminal neuralgia with electroacupuncture Experience with 104

cases]Costantini D Tomasello C Buonopane CE Sances D Marandola M Delogu G

Istituto di Anestesiologia e Rianimazione Universitagrave degli Studi di Roma La

Sapienza

The essential or secondary trigeminal neuralgia is a very frequent and invalidant disease In this forms the medical or surgical conventional therapies are often inadequate In this study we evaluated the effects of the acupunctural therapy on 104 patients (mean age 523 +- 13 years) with idiopathic or secondary trigeminal neuralgia Utilizing cycles of twelve sessions the acupunctural treatment was performed with an electrostimulator on local points and a distance or on aching points in the secondary forms The results was evaluated on the basis of three parameters (reappearance of the symptomatology absence of pain in months and preceding treatments) and was defined using this scale very well well fair and null In conclusion we can say that acupuncture is an elective treatment in all kinds of secondary tregeminalneuralgia while in the idiopathic form its validity is conditioned by preceding medical treatments and by beginning of the disease

Braz Dent J 200718(2)158-62

Electro-acupuncture efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar

surgeryTavares MG Machado AP Motta BG Borsatto MC Rosa AL Xavier SP

Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology School of Dentistry

of Ribeiratildeo Preto University of Sao Paulo Ribeiratildeo Preto SP Brazil

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of electro-acupuncture (EAC) on postoperative pain control after mandibular third molar surgery Twenty four young patients (12 male and 12 female) with symmetrically impacted mandibular third molars were selected Each patient was submitted to two separate surgical procedures under local anesthesia At one side extraction was carried out employing both prior (24h) and immediately postoperative application of EAC while on the contralateral side surgery was carried out without any treatment EAC was applied on 6 bilateral systemic and 2 auricular points with a WQ10Dl appliance using 40-60Hz frequency for 20 min and individually adjusted intensity Postoperative pain intensity was rated on a 100 mm visual analog scale (VAS) between 2 and 72 h and recording the amount of analgesics intake after surgery Statistical analysis was performed using theWilcoxon test Postoperative pain VAS scores were significantly lower for the EAC group (plt005) and analgesic intake decreased (plt005) for all evaluated periods (plt005) Under the tested conditions EAC therapy is efficient was proved controlling postoperative pain following mandibular third molar surgical removal

J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2005 Apr33(2)118-22

Acupuncture analgesia and its application in cranio-maxillofacial surgical

procedures Pohodenko-Chudakova IODepartment of Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery Faculty of Stomatology

Belarussian State Medical University Minsk Belarus ip-cyandexru

PATIENTS AND METHODS Acupuncture analgesia was applied in 120 patients In 20 of these surgery was carried out under general anaesthesia in combination with acupuncture analgesia In 100 patients acupuncture analgesia was applied in addition to traditional postoperative analgesia In case of troublesome postoperative pain it was necessary to carry out additional sessions (1-4) of acupuncture stimulation

RESULTS When acupuncture analgesia was used the pulse rate and blood pressure during surgery generally remained stable In the present study serum cortisol was also measured and showed only minor elevation

CONCLUSION Acupuncture analgesia can be a useful adjunct to conventional anaesthesia in maxillofacial surgery

J Orofac Pain 2009 Fall23(4)353-9

Randomized clinical trial of acupuncture for myofascial pain of the jaw muscles Shen YF Younger J Goddard G Mackey S

Department of oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Center for Orofacial Pain University

of California San Francisco San Francisco CA 94143-0768 USA

METHODS Twenty-eight subjects over the age of 18 and diagnosed with chronic myofascial pain of the jaw muscles were randomized to receive real (n = 16) or sham (n = 12) acupuncture

RESULTS Subjects receiving real acupuncture experienced a significant reduction in jaw pain (P = 04) jawface tightness (P = 04) and neck pain (P = 04) and a significant increase in pain tolerance of the masseter muscle (P = 001) Subjects were not able to determine whether they received real or sham acupuncture (P = 69) No significant pain reductions were observed in the sham acupuncture group

CONCLUSION A single acupuncture session using one acupoint at Hegu large intestine 4 significantly reduced most myofascial pain endpoints when compared to sham acupuncture

MIND BODY ARTICLES

Read some other articles

How Mindfulness Meditation Can Help People With Rheumatoid

Arthritis (huffingtonpostcom)

How Meditation Changes Pain Relieves

Depression (psychologytodaycom)

How Meditation Might Relieve Pain (forbescom)

Neural correlates of pain reduction through

meditation (mindblogdericbowndsnet)

Pain Is No Matter for the Meditative Mind (brainbloggercom)

MIND-BODY Pain Relief Research

Reduced disability secondary to back pain improvements on global and physical health and improved pain levels compared to pre-intervention levels

Morone N Weiner D amp Greco C (2005) Randomized trial of mindfulness meditation in older adults for the treatment of chronic low back pain

- 34 of patients gtgt 33 decrease in pain- 12 of patients gtgt 50 decrease in pain - 44 of patients gtgt decreased analgesic use- 28 of patients gtgt discontinued analgesics

The Clinical Use of Mindfulness Meditation for the Self-Regulation of Chronic Pain Kabat-Zinn J Journal of Behavioral Medicine 1985

Many patients needed less pain medication After fifteen months not only did they suffer less pain but because they suffered less pain they also suffered less from depression and anxiety

WE Mehling KA Hamel M Acree N Byl and FM Hecht Randomized controlled trial of breath therapy for patients with chronic low-back pain Altern Ther Health Med 2005 JulndashAug 11(4)44ndash52

Chronic Pain

Acceptance-based interventions such as mindfulness-based stress reduction program and acceptance and commitment therapy are alternative approaches to cognitive behavioral therapy for treating patients wtih chronic pain In this systematic review and meta-analysis twenty-two studies were included totaling 1235 patients with chronic pain The results suggest that a mindfulness-based stress reduction program and acceptance and commitment therapy can be good alternatives to cognitive behavioral therapy More high-quality studies are needed Acceptance-based therapies have small to medium effects on physical and mental health in chronic pain patients comparable to those of cognitive behavioral therapy

Veehof MM Oskam MJ Schreurs KM Bohlmeijer ET Acceptance-based interventions for the treatment of chronic pain a systematic review and meta-analysis Pain 152(3)533-42 2011

Ten studies were included in this review Mindfulness-based interventions showed non-specific effects for the reduction of pain symptoms and the improvement of depressive symptoms in patients with chronic pain There were also some improvements in psychologic measures related to chronic pain including pain coping Further research in larger studies is warranted

Chiesa A Serretti A Mindfulness-based interventions for chronic pain a systematic review of the evidence Journal of Alternative amp Complementary Medicine 17(1) 83-93 2011

Page 4: ACUPUNCTURE AND FACIAL PAIN - Darcy Nat · (Bensoussan 1999, Rosted 1998, Ernst 1998). Controlled trials have shown that ear acupuncture is as effective as intranasal midazolam in

Acupuncture Anesthesia

ldquoPut your profession where your mouth isrdquo

How does Acupuncture work

Gate-Control Theory of

Pain

In 1962 Ronald Melzack

and P D Wall proposed the

gate-control theory pain

perception is not simply a

direct response to the

stimulation of pain fibers

but is also mediated by the

cooperation of excitation

and inhibition in pain

pathways

How does Acupuncture work

Human body contains 14 major meridians

Energy (Qi) goes through the meridians

If the energy is not in balance diseases occur

Needles being inserted into body will smooth the energy and make the energy balance

Slide Acupuncture As A Treatment For TMJ amp Other Oral facial Pain

Jun Xu MD

Acupuncture

Traditional Chinese acupuncture has a

history of more than 2500 years and is

one of the best-known complementary

and alternative therapies

Acupuncture stimulates the nervous

system and alters the processing and

perception of pain signals and also

releases natural painkillers such as

endorphins and serotonin in the nervous

system

Acupunctures successful use for various

dental conditions has been proven

Physical characteristics

of the Acupuncture points-WHO

Points are corresponds to the high electrical

conductance points on the body surface

High density of gap junctions at the epithelia of the

acupuncture points

Gap junctions are hexagonal proteins that facilitate

intercellular communication and increase electric

conductivity

Research on Acupuncture (as of 2000)

A recent systematic review2 of published literature was able to identify 74

publications concerning the use of acupuncture in dentistry of which 17

reported randomised controlled trials (RCT)8ndash22

Nine of the trials achieved this level of these four investigated TMD and four

the use of acupuncture in post-operative pain management All four trials

covering TMD 912ndash16 showed some benefit comparable to occlusal splint

therapy

Three of the trials on post-operative pain management found acupuncture

effective101117

The other recent review analysed 16 trials of the analgesic effect of

acupuncture and found that the majority of the studies showed some positive

effect1 although the experimental nature of some of the studies made the evaluation of practical use difficult

However in summary it may be stated that where trials are competently

constructed and executed there is a body of scientific evidence supporting the

efficacy of acupuncture within dental practice

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry P Rosted BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL VOLUME 189 NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

Auricular Acupuncture Points

Acupuncture

needling

Acupuncture

pellets

for

extended

use

ACUPUNCTURE MIND-BODY AND SUPPLEMENTS IN MY PRACTICE

Acupuncture

Acupuncture Electro-Acupuncture Magnets Ear Acupuncture

Mind-Body Pain Relief Program

Workbook

Audios Progressive Relaxation Guided Pain Relief Techniques

Dietary Supplements

Herbal Anti-inflammatories

Pain Relief Formulas

Enzymes

Chronic Facial Pain Case History

Pain is the Obstruction of the Flow of Life Force (Qi)

55 year old woman with Oligo-astrocytoma had a surgical resection of the tumor this left her with major inflammation and pain from partial removal of temporalis muscle tissue from the right side of the temple and jaw making chewing excruciating

Treatment Plan Acupuncture treatments 2 x week for 5 weeks 10 treatments

Electro acupuncture was applied to the distal points on pathways that move through the Temro-mandibular joint and face St 44 amp 43 and LI 4 amp 11

Acupuncture GB241TW6 ST4 Per 6 GB2 TW 17 ST3 GB8

Ear Acupuncture Points Shenmen Facial Mandible

Mind-Body Pain Relief 25 minutes 2 x day

Supplements Wobenzyme 2 x 2 day Inflam Ease Herbal Formula

Results Pain Score was reduced from 8 to 2 over a 5 week period

(Patient was also treated concurrently for Chemo induced Nausea very successfully enabling her to complete her course of chemotherapy)

Case History

Temporalis Muscle Trigger Points Acupuncture Points

Conditions to consider integrating Acupuncture

bull Dental pain

bull Dental anxiety and gag reflex

bull Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain or temporomandibular disorder (TMD)

bull TMJ clicking and locking

bull Chronic muscle pain or spasm

bull Atypical facial pain

bull Headache (tension headache migraine)

bull Xerostomia (dry mouth)

bull Nerve pain (neuralgia especially trigeminal neuralgia neuropathic pain nerve injury)

bull Paresthesia or anesthesia of the oral and paraoral structures

Introduction to Acupuncture in DentistryBRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL

ldquoAcupuncture is not a miracle cure and is not going to replace the drill However the technique can be a supplement to conventional treatments in TMDs facial pain pain management Sjoslashegrens syndrome and in phobias and anxietyrdquo

Acupuncture does have a scientific background and the efficacy has been tested in a number of clinical trials including pain management facial pain TMD and increasing of the pain thresholdrdquo

It is concluded that acupuncture could supplement conventional treatment modalities Its value in the treatment of temporomandibular dysfunction syndrome and facial pain has been well documented and supported by randomisedcontrolled trials Although it may be useful in the control of post-operative pain its use as sole analgesia for operative care is questionable The mode of action of acupuncture can be explained with reference to modern neurophysiology

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry P Rosted BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL VOLUME 189 NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

httpwwwexodontiainfofilesBDJ_2000_Acupuncture_-_Introduction_to_Acupuncture_in_Dentistrypdf

Electro-acupuncture (EA)efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar surgeryand Postoperative pain and swelling

Postoperative pain and swelling after third-molar surgery are usually controlled by administering drugs to patients before and after surgery Nonsteroidal anti-inflamatorydrugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used to produce an inhibitory effect on the cyclo-oxygenase enzyme However these drugs are associated with increased bleeding tendency gastric ulcerations and other adverse effects

Tavares et alevaluated the efficacy of EA on postoperative pain control after mandibular third-molar surgery Postoperative pain intensity (rated on a 10-cm visual analogue scale [VAS]) was significantly lower for the EA side and analgesic intake decreased for all evaluated periods The researchers concluded that EA controlled postoperative pain following mandibular third-molar surgical removal

16 Tavares MG Machado AP Motta BG BorsattoMC Rosa AL Xavier SP Electro-acupuncture efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar surgery Braz Dent J 200718(2)158ndash162 [PubMed]

MIND-BODYnothing is 100 in the mind orhellip 100 in the bodyhellip but some mix

between perception and sensation

A report from the Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center states

that ldquomeditation can be more effective than morphine This

is the first study to show that only a little over an hour of

meditation training can dramatically reduce both the

experience of pain and pain-related brain activation

40 per cent reduction in pain intensity and a

57 per cent reduction in pain unpleasantness

Meditation produced a greater reduction in pain than even

morphine or other pain-relieving drugs which typically

reduce pain ratings by about 25 per cent

MIND-BODYThe mind is the most powerful pharmaceutical factory on earth

Studies demonstrate that by doing only 20 minutes-a-day of a Guided Pain Relief Meditation Technique over a five-week period showed significant improvement for

A higher tolerance to pain

Decreased anxiety stress and depression

Increased activity levels

Decreased use of pain-related medications

Increased levels of self-esteem

(Mills 1981 Kabat-Zinn 1985 Harmon 1999)

MIND-BODYGUIDED PAIN RELIEF PROGRAM

Download the Natural Pain Relief Workbook

Pain Evaluation See what your pain score is before you start and then re-take it at the end for some good news

Download the Audios 20 minutes per day

Sweeping the Body Relaxation Week One Awareness technique ldquoSweeping the Bodyrdquo Relaxation

Guided Pain Relief Technique Week Two ldquoSofteningrdquo around the pain technique this is the main technique to practice

Rebalancing the Mind Week Three Balance Technique Re-balancing the Mind

Relaxing into Sleep Will help you relax and fall into a deep restful sleep

Free Access athellip

httpwwwtrue-wellnesscomindexphpprogramsmind-bodypain-relief

This may move to wwwdarcynatcom

Acupuncture Studies

taken from Dentistry

Journals and Papers

Introduction to

acupuncture in

dentistry P Rosted

BRITISH DENTAL

JOURNAL VOLUME 189

NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

Introduction to acupuncture

in dentistry P Rosted BRITISH

DENTAL JOURNAL VOLUME

189 NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry P Rosted BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL VOLUME 189

NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

StudiesStudies

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry P

Rosted BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL

VOLUME 189 NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

Acupuncture in 11 out of 15 studies proved effective in the

treatment of temperomandibular dysfunction (TMD) and as analgesia

The use of acupuncture in dentistry a review of the scientific validity of published paper

Oral Dis 1998 Jun4(2)100-4

(Bensoussan 1999 Rosted 1998 Ernst 1998) Controlled trials have shown that ear acupuncture is as effective as intranasal midazolam in reducing dental anxiety

(Karst 2007) and that acupuncture is more effective than placebo in the prevention of post-operative dental pain

(Lao 1999) and in reducing the gagging reflex

(Sari 2010) Evidence from case series suggests that acupuncture can reduce dental anxiety

(Rosted 2010) and the gagging reflex

(Rosted 2006) and that electroacupuncture can control post-operative pain after wisdom tooth extraction

(Tarares 2007) One controlled study found no effect on the pain threashold of dental pulp

(Goddard 2009)The systematic reviews are now more than 10 years old and up-to-date ones are called for to better evaluate the evidence

In general acupuncture is believed to stimulate the nervous system and cause the release of neurochemical messenger molecules The resulting biochemical changes influence the bodys homeostatic mechanisms thus promoting physical and emotional well-being Stimulation of certain acupuncture points has been shown to affect areas of the brain that are known to reduce sensitivity to pain and stress as well as promoting relaxation and deactivating the analytical brain which is responsible for anxiety (Wu 1999)

Acupuncture may help relieve dental pain by

stimulating nerves located in muscles and other tissues which leads to release of endorphins and other neurohumoral factors (eg neuropeptide Y serotonin) and changes the processing of pain in the brain and spinal cord (Pomeranz 1987 Han 2004 Zhao 2008 Zhou 2008 Lee 2009 Cheng 2009)

reducing the cardiovascular reflex elicited by toothache which is associated with the adrenergic system (Jung 2006)

increasing the release of adenosine which has antinociceptive properties (Goldman 2010)

modulating the limbic-paralimbic-neocortical network (Hui 2009)

reducing inflammation by promoting release of vascular and immunomodulatory factors (Kavoussi 2007 Zijlstra 2003)

increasing local microcirculation (Komori 2009) which aids dispersal of swelling

British Acupuncture Council

Systematic reviews

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry

Br Dent J 2000 Aug 12189(3)136-40

Rosted P

The use of acupuncture in dentistry a review of the scientific validity of published papers

Oral Dis 1998 Jun4(2)100-4

Rosted P

Temporomandibular Dysfunction

Practical recommendations for the use of acupuncture in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders based on the outcome of published controlled studies

Oral Dis 2001 Mar7(2)109-15

Rosted P

Effectiveness of acupuncture in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders of muscular origin a systematic review of the last decade

La Touche R Angulo-Diacuteaz-Parrentildeo S de-la-Hoz JL Fernaacutendez-CarneroJ Ge HY Linares MT Mesa J Saacutenchez-Gutieacuterrez J J AlternComplement Med 2010 Jan16(1)107-12

Bells Palsy

Physical therapy for Bellrsquos palsy (idiopathic facial paralysis)

Teixeira LJ Valbuza JS Prado GF Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011 Dec 7(12)CD006283

Department of Neurology West China Hospital Sichuan University Wai Nan Guo Xue Xiang 37 Chengdu Sichuan China 610041

Dental painThe effectiveness of acupuncture in treating acute dental pain a systematic reviewErnst E Pittler MH Br Dent J 1998 May 9184(9)443-7

Dry Mouth

Randomized controlled trial of acupuncture for prevention of radiation-induced xerostomia among patients with nasopharyngeal carcinomaMeng Z Garcia MK Hu C Chiang J Chambers M Rosenthal DI Peng H Zhang Y Zhao Q Zhao G Liu L Spelman A Palmer JL Wei Q Cohen LCancer 2012 Jul 1118(13)3337-44 doi 101002cncr26550 Epub 2011 Nov 9

Dental AnxietyAuricular acupuncture effectively reduces state anxiety before dental treatment ndash a randomised controlled trialMichalek-Sauberer A Gusenleitner E Gleiss A Tepper G Deusch EClin Oral Investig 2012 Jan 6 [Epub ahead of print]

Trigeminal NeuralgiaPractical application of meridian acupuncture treatment for trigeminal neuralgiaBeppu S Sato Y Amemiya Y Tode IAnesth Pain Control Dent 1992 Spring1(2)103-8

Post Operative Dental PainAcupuncture treatment of pain dysfunction syndrome after dental extractionRosted P Joslashrgensen VAcupunct Med 2002 Dec20(4)191-2

Thanks to httpbenzappincomacupuncture-in-dentistry

1 Rosted P Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry Br Dent J 2000189(3)136ndash140 [PubMed]

2 Stux G Pomeranz G Scientific Basis of Acupuncture Acupuncture Textbook and Atlas Heidelberg Springer Verlag 1987

3 Lao L Bergman S Langenberg P Wong RH Berman B Efficacy of Chinese acupuncture on postoperative oral surgery pain Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 199579(4)423ndash428[PubMed]

4 Rosted P The use of acupuncture in dentistry A systematic review Acupunct Med 199816(1)43ndash48

5 Wong LB Acupuncture in dentistry Its possible role and application Proc Singapore Healthcare 201221(1)432ndash448

6 Michalek-Sauberer A Heinzl H Sator-Katzenschlager SM Monov G Knolle E Kress HGPerioperative auricular electroacupuncture has no effect on pain and analgesic consumption after third molar tooth extraction Anesth Analg 2007104(3)542ndash547 [PubMed]

7 Ulett GA Han S Han JS Electroacupuncture Mechanisms and clinical application Biol Psychiatr 199844(2)129ndash138 [PubMed]

8 Fang J Jin Z Wang Y et al The salient characteristics of the central effects of acupuncture needling Limbicndashparalimbicndashneocortical network modulation Hum Brain Mapp 200930(4)1196ndash1206 [PubMed]

9 National Institutes of Health (NIH) NIH Consensus Conference Acupuncture JAMA 1998280(17)1518ndash1524 [PubMed]

10 Ernst E Pittler MH The effectiveness of acupuncture in treating acute dental pain A systematic review Br Dent J 1998184(9)443ndash447 [PubMed]

11 Goddard G Albers D Effects of acupuncture at Large Intestine 4 (LI 4) on electrical tooth pulp stimulation A randomized controlled pilot study Med Acupunct 200921(3)167ndash171

12 Chapman CR Chen AC Bonica JJ Effects of intrasegmental electrical acupuncture on dental pain Evaluation by threshold estimation and sensory decision Pain 19773(3)213ndash227 [PubMed]

13 Andersson S Lundeberg T Acupuncturemdashfrom empiricism to science Functional background to [sic] acupuncture effects in pain and disease Med Hypotheses 199545(3)271ndash281 [PubMed]

14 Rosted P Bundgaard M Can acupuncture reduce the induction time of a local anaestheticmdashA pilot study Acupunct Med 200321(3)92ndash99 [PubMed]

15 Simmons MS Oleson TD Auricular electrical stimulation and dental pain threshold Anesth Prog 199340(1)14ndash19 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

16 Tavares MG Machado AP Motta BG Borsatto MC Rosa AL Xavier SP Electro-acupuncture efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar surgery Braz Dent J 200718(2)158ndash162 [PubMed]

17 Lao L Bergman S Hamilton GR Langenberg P Berman B Evaluation of acupuncture for pain control after oral surgery A placebo-controlled trial Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1999125(5)567ndash572 [PubMed]

18 Ribeiro DC Dental Acupuncture A Technique Against Pain 1st ed Satildeo Paulo Iacutecone 2002

19 Kitade T Ohyabu H Analgesic effects of acupuncture on pain after mandibular wisdom tooth extraction Acupunct Electrother Res 200025(2)109ndash115 [PubMed]

20 Ekblom A Hansson P Thomsson M Thomas M Increased postoperative pain and consumption of analgesics following acupuncture Pain 199144(3)241ndash247 [PubMed]

21 Zijlstra FJ van den Berg-de Lange I Huygen FJ Klein J Anti-inflammatory actions of acupuncture Mediators Inflamm 200312(2)59ndash69 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

22 Karst M Winterhalter M Muumlnte S et al Auricular acupuncture for dental anxiety A randomized controlled trial Anesth Analg 2007104(2)295ndash300 [PubMed]

23 Rosted P Bundgaard M Gordon S Pedersen AM Acupuncture in the management of anxiety related to dental treatment A case series Acupunct Med 201028(1)3ndash5 [PubMed]

24 Sari E Sari T The role of acupuncture in the treatment of orthodontic patients with a gagging reflex A pilot study Br Dent J 2010208(10)E19 [PubMed]

25 Rosted P Bundgaard M Fiske J Pedersen AM The use of acupuncture in controlling the gag reflex in patients requiring an upper alginate impression An audit Br Dent J 2006201(11)721ndash725discussion715 [PubMed]

26 List T Acupuncture in the treatment of patients with craniomandibular disorders Comparative longitudinal and methodological studies Swed Dent J Suppl 1992871ndash159 [PubMed]

27 Park J White A Stevinson C Ernst E James M Validating a new non-penetrating sham acupuncture device Two randomised controlled trials Acupunct Med 200220(4)168ndash174 [PubMed]

28 Shen YF Younger J Goddard G Mackey S Randomized clinical trial of acupuncture for myofascial pain of the jaw muscles J OrofacPain 200923(4)353ndash359 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

29 Cho SH Whang WW Acupuncture for temporomandibular disorders A systematic review J Orofac Pain 201024(2)152ndash162 [PubMed]

30 Johnstone PA Peng YP May BC Inouye WS Niemtzow RC Acupuncture for pilocarpine-resistant xerostomia following radiotherapy for head and neck malignancies Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 200150(2)353ndash357 [PubMed]

31 Furness S Bryan G McMillan R Worthington HV Interventions for the management of dry mouth Non-pharmacological interventions Cochrane Database Syst Rev 20138CD009603 [PubMed]

32 Silva SA Acupuncture for the relief of pain of facial and dental origin Anesth Prog 198936(4ndash5)244ndash245 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

33 Chien TJ Liu CY Hsu CH Integrating acupuncture into cancer care J Tradit Complement Med 20133(4)234ndash239 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

34 Liang F Li Y Yu S et al A multicentral randomized control study on clinical acupuncture treatment of Bells palsy J Tradit Chin Med 200626(1)3ndash7 [PubMed]

35 Bensoussan A Systematic review of acupuncture in dental pain Focus Altern Complement Ther 1999415ndash16

36 Pomeranz B Scientific basis of acupuncture In Stux G editor Pomeranz B editor eds Acupuncture Textbook and Atlas Heidelberg Springer-Verlag 19871ndash18

37 Kavoussi B Ross BE The neuroimmune basis of anti-inflammatory acupuncture Integr Cancer Ther 20076(3)251ndash257 [PubMed]

Thanks to httpswwwncbinlmnihgovpmcarticlesPMC4270142

Naik PN Kiran RA Yalamanchal S Kumar VA Goli S Vashist N Acupuncture An Alternative Therapy in Dentistry and Its Possible Applications Medical Acupuncture 201426(6)308-314 doi101089acu20141028

Ann Ital Chir 1995 May-Jun66(3)373-8

[Treatment of trigeminal neuralgia with electroacupuncture Experience with 104

cases]Costantini D Tomasello C Buonopane CE Sances D Marandola M Delogu G

Istituto di Anestesiologia e Rianimazione Universitagrave degli Studi di Roma La

Sapienza

The essential or secondary trigeminal neuralgia is a very frequent and invalidant disease In this forms the medical or surgical conventional therapies are often inadequate In this study we evaluated the effects of the acupunctural therapy on 104 patients (mean age 523 +- 13 years) with idiopathic or secondary trigeminal neuralgia Utilizing cycles of twelve sessions the acupunctural treatment was performed with an electrostimulator on local points and a distance or on aching points in the secondary forms The results was evaluated on the basis of three parameters (reappearance of the symptomatology absence of pain in months and preceding treatments) and was defined using this scale very well well fair and null In conclusion we can say that acupuncture is an elective treatment in all kinds of secondary tregeminalneuralgia while in the idiopathic form its validity is conditioned by preceding medical treatments and by beginning of the disease

Braz Dent J 200718(2)158-62

Electro-acupuncture efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar

surgeryTavares MG Machado AP Motta BG Borsatto MC Rosa AL Xavier SP

Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology School of Dentistry

of Ribeiratildeo Preto University of Sao Paulo Ribeiratildeo Preto SP Brazil

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of electro-acupuncture (EAC) on postoperative pain control after mandibular third molar surgery Twenty four young patients (12 male and 12 female) with symmetrically impacted mandibular third molars were selected Each patient was submitted to two separate surgical procedures under local anesthesia At one side extraction was carried out employing both prior (24h) and immediately postoperative application of EAC while on the contralateral side surgery was carried out without any treatment EAC was applied on 6 bilateral systemic and 2 auricular points with a WQ10Dl appliance using 40-60Hz frequency for 20 min and individually adjusted intensity Postoperative pain intensity was rated on a 100 mm visual analog scale (VAS) between 2 and 72 h and recording the amount of analgesics intake after surgery Statistical analysis was performed using theWilcoxon test Postoperative pain VAS scores were significantly lower for the EAC group (plt005) and analgesic intake decreased (plt005) for all evaluated periods (plt005) Under the tested conditions EAC therapy is efficient was proved controlling postoperative pain following mandibular third molar surgical removal

J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2005 Apr33(2)118-22

Acupuncture analgesia and its application in cranio-maxillofacial surgical

procedures Pohodenko-Chudakova IODepartment of Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery Faculty of Stomatology

Belarussian State Medical University Minsk Belarus ip-cyandexru

PATIENTS AND METHODS Acupuncture analgesia was applied in 120 patients In 20 of these surgery was carried out under general anaesthesia in combination with acupuncture analgesia In 100 patients acupuncture analgesia was applied in addition to traditional postoperative analgesia In case of troublesome postoperative pain it was necessary to carry out additional sessions (1-4) of acupuncture stimulation

RESULTS When acupuncture analgesia was used the pulse rate and blood pressure during surgery generally remained stable In the present study serum cortisol was also measured and showed only minor elevation

CONCLUSION Acupuncture analgesia can be a useful adjunct to conventional anaesthesia in maxillofacial surgery

J Orofac Pain 2009 Fall23(4)353-9

Randomized clinical trial of acupuncture for myofascial pain of the jaw muscles Shen YF Younger J Goddard G Mackey S

Department of oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Center for Orofacial Pain University

of California San Francisco San Francisco CA 94143-0768 USA

METHODS Twenty-eight subjects over the age of 18 and diagnosed with chronic myofascial pain of the jaw muscles were randomized to receive real (n = 16) or sham (n = 12) acupuncture

RESULTS Subjects receiving real acupuncture experienced a significant reduction in jaw pain (P = 04) jawface tightness (P = 04) and neck pain (P = 04) and a significant increase in pain tolerance of the masseter muscle (P = 001) Subjects were not able to determine whether they received real or sham acupuncture (P = 69) No significant pain reductions were observed in the sham acupuncture group

CONCLUSION A single acupuncture session using one acupoint at Hegu large intestine 4 significantly reduced most myofascial pain endpoints when compared to sham acupuncture

MIND BODY ARTICLES

Read some other articles

How Mindfulness Meditation Can Help People With Rheumatoid

Arthritis (huffingtonpostcom)

How Meditation Changes Pain Relieves

Depression (psychologytodaycom)

How Meditation Might Relieve Pain (forbescom)

Neural correlates of pain reduction through

meditation (mindblogdericbowndsnet)

Pain Is No Matter for the Meditative Mind (brainbloggercom)

MIND-BODY Pain Relief Research

Reduced disability secondary to back pain improvements on global and physical health and improved pain levels compared to pre-intervention levels

Morone N Weiner D amp Greco C (2005) Randomized trial of mindfulness meditation in older adults for the treatment of chronic low back pain

- 34 of patients gtgt 33 decrease in pain- 12 of patients gtgt 50 decrease in pain - 44 of patients gtgt decreased analgesic use- 28 of patients gtgt discontinued analgesics

The Clinical Use of Mindfulness Meditation for the Self-Regulation of Chronic Pain Kabat-Zinn J Journal of Behavioral Medicine 1985

Many patients needed less pain medication After fifteen months not only did they suffer less pain but because they suffered less pain they also suffered less from depression and anxiety

WE Mehling KA Hamel M Acree N Byl and FM Hecht Randomized controlled trial of breath therapy for patients with chronic low-back pain Altern Ther Health Med 2005 JulndashAug 11(4)44ndash52

Chronic Pain

Acceptance-based interventions such as mindfulness-based stress reduction program and acceptance and commitment therapy are alternative approaches to cognitive behavioral therapy for treating patients wtih chronic pain In this systematic review and meta-analysis twenty-two studies were included totaling 1235 patients with chronic pain The results suggest that a mindfulness-based stress reduction program and acceptance and commitment therapy can be good alternatives to cognitive behavioral therapy More high-quality studies are needed Acceptance-based therapies have small to medium effects on physical and mental health in chronic pain patients comparable to those of cognitive behavioral therapy

Veehof MM Oskam MJ Schreurs KM Bohlmeijer ET Acceptance-based interventions for the treatment of chronic pain a systematic review and meta-analysis Pain 152(3)533-42 2011

Ten studies were included in this review Mindfulness-based interventions showed non-specific effects for the reduction of pain symptoms and the improvement of depressive symptoms in patients with chronic pain There were also some improvements in psychologic measures related to chronic pain including pain coping Further research in larger studies is warranted

Chiesa A Serretti A Mindfulness-based interventions for chronic pain a systematic review of the evidence Journal of Alternative amp Complementary Medicine 17(1) 83-93 2011

Page 5: ACUPUNCTURE AND FACIAL PAIN - Darcy Nat · (Bensoussan 1999, Rosted 1998, Ernst 1998). Controlled trials have shown that ear acupuncture is as effective as intranasal midazolam in

How does Acupuncture work

Gate-Control Theory of

Pain

In 1962 Ronald Melzack

and P D Wall proposed the

gate-control theory pain

perception is not simply a

direct response to the

stimulation of pain fibers

but is also mediated by the

cooperation of excitation

and inhibition in pain

pathways

How does Acupuncture work

Human body contains 14 major meridians

Energy (Qi) goes through the meridians

If the energy is not in balance diseases occur

Needles being inserted into body will smooth the energy and make the energy balance

Slide Acupuncture As A Treatment For TMJ amp Other Oral facial Pain

Jun Xu MD

Acupuncture

Traditional Chinese acupuncture has a

history of more than 2500 years and is

one of the best-known complementary

and alternative therapies

Acupuncture stimulates the nervous

system and alters the processing and

perception of pain signals and also

releases natural painkillers such as

endorphins and serotonin in the nervous

system

Acupunctures successful use for various

dental conditions has been proven

Physical characteristics

of the Acupuncture points-WHO

Points are corresponds to the high electrical

conductance points on the body surface

High density of gap junctions at the epithelia of the

acupuncture points

Gap junctions are hexagonal proteins that facilitate

intercellular communication and increase electric

conductivity

Research on Acupuncture (as of 2000)

A recent systematic review2 of published literature was able to identify 74

publications concerning the use of acupuncture in dentistry of which 17

reported randomised controlled trials (RCT)8ndash22

Nine of the trials achieved this level of these four investigated TMD and four

the use of acupuncture in post-operative pain management All four trials

covering TMD 912ndash16 showed some benefit comparable to occlusal splint

therapy

Three of the trials on post-operative pain management found acupuncture

effective101117

The other recent review analysed 16 trials of the analgesic effect of

acupuncture and found that the majority of the studies showed some positive

effect1 although the experimental nature of some of the studies made the evaluation of practical use difficult

However in summary it may be stated that where trials are competently

constructed and executed there is a body of scientific evidence supporting the

efficacy of acupuncture within dental practice

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry P Rosted BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL VOLUME 189 NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

Auricular Acupuncture Points

Acupuncture

needling

Acupuncture

pellets

for

extended

use

ACUPUNCTURE MIND-BODY AND SUPPLEMENTS IN MY PRACTICE

Acupuncture

Acupuncture Electro-Acupuncture Magnets Ear Acupuncture

Mind-Body Pain Relief Program

Workbook

Audios Progressive Relaxation Guided Pain Relief Techniques

Dietary Supplements

Herbal Anti-inflammatories

Pain Relief Formulas

Enzymes

Chronic Facial Pain Case History

Pain is the Obstruction of the Flow of Life Force (Qi)

55 year old woman with Oligo-astrocytoma had a surgical resection of the tumor this left her with major inflammation and pain from partial removal of temporalis muscle tissue from the right side of the temple and jaw making chewing excruciating

Treatment Plan Acupuncture treatments 2 x week for 5 weeks 10 treatments

Electro acupuncture was applied to the distal points on pathways that move through the Temro-mandibular joint and face St 44 amp 43 and LI 4 amp 11

Acupuncture GB241TW6 ST4 Per 6 GB2 TW 17 ST3 GB8

Ear Acupuncture Points Shenmen Facial Mandible

Mind-Body Pain Relief 25 minutes 2 x day

Supplements Wobenzyme 2 x 2 day Inflam Ease Herbal Formula

Results Pain Score was reduced from 8 to 2 over a 5 week period

(Patient was also treated concurrently for Chemo induced Nausea very successfully enabling her to complete her course of chemotherapy)

Case History

Temporalis Muscle Trigger Points Acupuncture Points

Conditions to consider integrating Acupuncture

bull Dental pain

bull Dental anxiety and gag reflex

bull Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain or temporomandibular disorder (TMD)

bull TMJ clicking and locking

bull Chronic muscle pain or spasm

bull Atypical facial pain

bull Headache (tension headache migraine)

bull Xerostomia (dry mouth)

bull Nerve pain (neuralgia especially trigeminal neuralgia neuropathic pain nerve injury)

bull Paresthesia or anesthesia of the oral and paraoral structures

Introduction to Acupuncture in DentistryBRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL

ldquoAcupuncture is not a miracle cure and is not going to replace the drill However the technique can be a supplement to conventional treatments in TMDs facial pain pain management Sjoslashegrens syndrome and in phobias and anxietyrdquo

Acupuncture does have a scientific background and the efficacy has been tested in a number of clinical trials including pain management facial pain TMD and increasing of the pain thresholdrdquo

It is concluded that acupuncture could supplement conventional treatment modalities Its value in the treatment of temporomandibular dysfunction syndrome and facial pain has been well documented and supported by randomisedcontrolled trials Although it may be useful in the control of post-operative pain its use as sole analgesia for operative care is questionable The mode of action of acupuncture can be explained with reference to modern neurophysiology

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry P Rosted BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL VOLUME 189 NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

httpwwwexodontiainfofilesBDJ_2000_Acupuncture_-_Introduction_to_Acupuncture_in_Dentistrypdf

Electro-acupuncture (EA)efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar surgeryand Postoperative pain and swelling

Postoperative pain and swelling after third-molar surgery are usually controlled by administering drugs to patients before and after surgery Nonsteroidal anti-inflamatorydrugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used to produce an inhibitory effect on the cyclo-oxygenase enzyme However these drugs are associated with increased bleeding tendency gastric ulcerations and other adverse effects

Tavares et alevaluated the efficacy of EA on postoperative pain control after mandibular third-molar surgery Postoperative pain intensity (rated on a 10-cm visual analogue scale [VAS]) was significantly lower for the EA side and analgesic intake decreased for all evaluated periods The researchers concluded that EA controlled postoperative pain following mandibular third-molar surgical removal

16 Tavares MG Machado AP Motta BG BorsattoMC Rosa AL Xavier SP Electro-acupuncture efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar surgery Braz Dent J 200718(2)158ndash162 [PubMed]

MIND-BODYnothing is 100 in the mind orhellip 100 in the bodyhellip but some mix

between perception and sensation

A report from the Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center states

that ldquomeditation can be more effective than morphine This

is the first study to show that only a little over an hour of

meditation training can dramatically reduce both the

experience of pain and pain-related brain activation

40 per cent reduction in pain intensity and a

57 per cent reduction in pain unpleasantness

Meditation produced a greater reduction in pain than even

morphine or other pain-relieving drugs which typically

reduce pain ratings by about 25 per cent

MIND-BODYThe mind is the most powerful pharmaceutical factory on earth

Studies demonstrate that by doing only 20 minutes-a-day of a Guided Pain Relief Meditation Technique over a five-week period showed significant improvement for

A higher tolerance to pain

Decreased anxiety stress and depression

Increased activity levels

Decreased use of pain-related medications

Increased levels of self-esteem

(Mills 1981 Kabat-Zinn 1985 Harmon 1999)

MIND-BODYGUIDED PAIN RELIEF PROGRAM

Download the Natural Pain Relief Workbook

Pain Evaluation See what your pain score is before you start and then re-take it at the end for some good news

Download the Audios 20 minutes per day

Sweeping the Body Relaxation Week One Awareness technique ldquoSweeping the Bodyrdquo Relaxation

Guided Pain Relief Technique Week Two ldquoSofteningrdquo around the pain technique this is the main technique to practice

Rebalancing the Mind Week Three Balance Technique Re-balancing the Mind

Relaxing into Sleep Will help you relax and fall into a deep restful sleep

Free Access athellip

httpwwwtrue-wellnesscomindexphpprogramsmind-bodypain-relief

This may move to wwwdarcynatcom

Acupuncture Studies

taken from Dentistry

Journals and Papers

Introduction to

acupuncture in

dentistry P Rosted

BRITISH DENTAL

JOURNAL VOLUME 189

NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

Introduction to acupuncture

in dentistry P Rosted BRITISH

DENTAL JOURNAL VOLUME

189 NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry P Rosted BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL VOLUME 189

NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

StudiesStudies

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry P

Rosted BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL

VOLUME 189 NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

Acupuncture in 11 out of 15 studies proved effective in the

treatment of temperomandibular dysfunction (TMD) and as analgesia

The use of acupuncture in dentistry a review of the scientific validity of published paper

Oral Dis 1998 Jun4(2)100-4

(Bensoussan 1999 Rosted 1998 Ernst 1998) Controlled trials have shown that ear acupuncture is as effective as intranasal midazolam in reducing dental anxiety

(Karst 2007) and that acupuncture is more effective than placebo in the prevention of post-operative dental pain

(Lao 1999) and in reducing the gagging reflex

(Sari 2010) Evidence from case series suggests that acupuncture can reduce dental anxiety

(Rosted 2010) and the gagging reflex

(Rosted 2006) and that electroacupuncture can control post-operative pain after wisdom tooth extraction

(Tarares 2007) One controlled study found no effect on the pain threashold of dental pulp

(Goddard 2009)The systematic reviews are now more than 10 years old and up-to-date ones are called for to better evaluate the evidence

In general acupuncture is believed to stimulate the nervous system and cause the release of neurochemical messenger molecules The resulting biochemical changes influence the bodys homeostatic mechanisms thus promoting physical and emotional well-being Stimulation of certain acupuncture points has been shown to affect areas of the brain that are known to reduce sensitivity to pain and stress as well as promoting relaxation and deactivating the analytical brain which is responsible for anxiety (Wu 1999)

Acupuncture may help relieve dental pain by

stimulating nerves located in muscles and other tissues which leads to release of endorphins and other neurohumoral factors (eg neuropeptide Y serotonin) and changes the processing of pain in the brain and spinal cord (Pomeranz 1987 Han 2004 Zhao 2008 Zhou 2008 Lee 2009 Cheng 2009)

reducing the cardiovascular reflex elicited by toothache which is associated with the adrenergic system (Jung 2006)

increasing the release of adenosine which has antinociceptive properties (Goldman 2010)

modulating the limbic-paralimbic-neocortical network (Hui 2009)

reducing inflammation by promoting release of vascular and immunomodulatory factors (Kavoussi 2007 Zijlstra 2003)

increasing local microcirculation (Komori 2009) which aids dispersal of swelling

British Acupuncture Council

Systematic reviews

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry

Br Dent J 2000 Aug 12189(3)136-40

Rosted P

The use of acupuncture in dentistry a review of the scientific validity of published papers

Oral Dis 1998 Jun4(2)100-4

Rosted P

Temporomandibular Dysfunction

Practical recommendations for the use of acupuncture in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders based on the outcome of published controlled studies

Oral Dis 2001 Mar7(2)109-15

Rosted P

Effectiveness of acupuncture in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders of muscular origin a systematic review of the last decade

La Touche R Angulo-Diacuteaz-Parrentildeo S de-la-Hoz JL Fernaacutendez-CarneroJ Ge HY Linares MT Mesa J Saacutenchez-Gutieacuterrez J J AlternComplement Med 2010 Jan16(1)107-12

Bells Palsy

Physical therapy for Bellrsquos palsy (idiopathic facial paralysis)

Teixeira LJ Valbuza JS Prado GF Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011 Dec 7(12)CD006283

Department of Neurology West China Hospital Sichuan University Wai Nan Guo Xue Xiang 37 Chengdu Sichuan China 610041

Dental painThe effectiveness of acupuncture in treating acute dental pain a systematic reviewErnst E Pittler MH Br Dent J 1998 May 9184(9)443-7

Dry Mouth

Randomized controlled trial of acupuncture for prevention of radiation-induced xerostomia among patients with nasopharyngeal carcinomaMeng Z Garcia MK Hu C Chiang J Chambers M Rosenthal DI Peng H Zhang Y Zhao Q Zhao G Liu L Spelman A Palmer JL Wei Q Cohen LCancer 2012 Jul 1118(13)3337-44 doi 101002cncr26550 Epub 2011 Nov 9

Dental AnxietyAuricular acupuncture effectively reduces state anxiety before dental treatment ndash a randomised controlled trialMichalek-Sauberer A Gusenleitner E Gleiss A Tepper G Deusch EClin Oral Investig 2012 Jan 6 [Epub ahead of print]

Trigeminal NeuralgiaPractical application of meridian acupuncture treatment for trigeminal neuralgiaBeppu S Sato Y Amemiya Y Tode IAnesth Pain Control Dent 1992 Spring1(2)103-8

Post Operative Dental PainAcupuncture treatment of pain dysfunction syndrome after dental extractionRosted P Joslashrgensen VAcupunct Med 2002 Dec20(4)191-2

Thanks to httpbenzappincomacupuncture-in-dentistry

1 Rosted P Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry Br Dent J 2000189(3)136ndash140 [PubMed]

2 Stux G Pomeranz G Scientific Basis of Acupuncture Acupuncture Textbook and Atlas Heidelberg Springer Verlag 1987

3 Lao L Bergman S Langenberg P Wong RH Berman B Efficacy of Chinese acupuncture on postoperative oral surgery pain Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 199579(4)423ndash428[PubMed]

4 Rosted P The use of acupuncture in dentistry A systematic review Acupunct Med 199816(1)43ndash48

5 Wong LB Acupuncture in dentistry Its possible role and application Proc Singapore Healthcare 201221(1)432ndash448

6 Michalek-Sauberer A Heinzl H Sator-Katzenschlager SM Monov G Knolle E Kress HGPerioperative auricular electroacupuncture has no effect on pain and analgesic consumption after third molar tooth extraction Anesth Analg 2007104(3)542ndash547 [PubMed]

7 Ulett GA Han S Han JS Electroacupuncture Mechanisms and clinical application Biol Psychiatr 199844(2)129ndash138 [PubMed]

8 Fang J Jin Z Wang Y et al The salient characteristics of the central effects of acupuncture needling Limbicndashparalimbicndashneocortical network modulation Hum Brain Mapp 200930(4)1196ndash1206 [PubMed]

9 National Institutes of Health (NIH) NIH Consensus Conference Acupuncture JAMA 1998280(17)1518ndash1524 [PubMed]

10 Ernst E Pittler MH The effectiveness of acupuncture in treating acute dental pain A systematic review Br Dent J 1998184(9)443ndash447 [PubMed]

11 Goddard G Albers D Effects of acupuncture at Large Intestine 4 (LI 4) on electrical tooth pulp stimulation A randomized controlled pilot study Med Acupunct 200921(3)167ndash171

12 Chapman CR Chen AC Bonica JJ Effects of intrasegmental electrical acupuncture on dental pain Evaluation by threshold estimation and sensory decision Pain 19773(3)213ndash227 [PubMed]

13 Andersson S Lundeberg T Acupuncturemdashfrom empiricism to science Functional background to [sic] acupuncture effects in pain and disease Med Hypotheses 199545(3)271ndash281 [PubMed]

14 Rosted P Bundgaard M Can acupuncture reduce the induction time of a local anaestheticmdashA pilot study Acupunct Med 200321(3)92ndash99 [PubMed]

15 Simmons MS Oleson TD Auricular electrical stimulation and dental pain threshold Anesth Prog 199340(1)14ndash19 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

16 Tavares MG Machado AP Motta BG Borsatto MC Rosa AL Xavier SP Electro-acupuncture efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar surgery Braz Dent J 200718(2)158ndash162 [PubMed]

17 Lao L Bergman S Hamilton GR Langenberg P Berman B Evaluation of acupuncture for pain control after oral surgery A placebo-controlled trial Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1999125(5)567ndash572 [PubMed]

18 Ribeiro DC Dental Acupuncture A Technique Against Pain 1st ed Satildeo Paulo Iacutecone 2002

19 Kitade T Ohyabu H Analgesic effects of acupuncture on pain after mandibular wisdom tooth extraction Acupunct Electrother Res 200025(2)109ndash115 [PubMed]

20 Ekblom A Hansson P Thomsson M Thomas M Increased postoperative pain and consumption of analgesics following acupuncture Pain 199144(3)241ndash247 [PubMed]

21 Zijlstra FJ van den Berg-de Lange I Huygen FJ Klein J Anti-inflammatory actions of acupuncture Mediators Inflamm 200312(2)59ndash69 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

22 Karst M Winterhalter M Muumlnte S et al Auricular acupuncture for dental anxiety A randomized controlled trial Anesth Analg 2007104(2)295ndash300 [PubMed]

23 Rosted P Bundgaard M Gordon S Pedersen AM Acupuncture in the management of anxiety related to dental treatment A case series Acupunct Med 201028(1)3ndash5 [PubMed]

24 Sari E Sari T The role of acupuncture in the treatment of orthodontic patients with a gagging reflex A pilot study Br Dent J 2010208(10)E19 [PubMed]

25 Rosted P Bundgaard M Fiske J Pedersen AM The use of acupuncture in controlling the gag reflex in patients requiring an upper alginate impression An audit Br Dent J 2006201(11)721ndash725discussion715 [PubMed]

26 List T Acupuncture in the treatment of patients with craniomandibular disorders Comparative longitudinal and methodological studies Swed Dent J Suppl 1992871ndash159 [PubMed]

27 Park J White A Stevinson C Ernst E James M Validating a new non-penetrating sham acupuncture device Two randomised controlled trials Acupunct Med 200220(4)168ndash174 [PubMed]

28 Shen YF Younger J Goddard G Mackey S Randomized clinical trial of acupuncture for myofascial pain of the jaw muscles J OrofacPain 200923(4)353ndash359 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

29 Cho SH Whang WW Acupuncture for temporomandibular disorders A systematic review J Orofac Pain 201024(2)152ndash162 [PubMed]

30 Johnstone PA Peng YP May BC Inouye WS Niemtzow RC Acupuncture for pilocarpine-resistant xerostomia following radiotherapy for head and neck malignancies Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 200150(2)353ndash357 [PubMed]

31 Furness S Bryan G McMillan R Worthington HV Interventions for the management of dry mouth Non-pharmacological interventions Cochrane Database Syst Rev 20138CD009603 [PubMed]

32 Silva SA Acupuncture for the relief of pain of facial and dental origin Anesth Prog 198936(4ndash5)244ndash245 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

33 Chien TJ Liu CY Hsu CH Integrating acupuncture into cancer care J Tradit Complement Med 20133(4)234ndash239 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

34 Liang F Li Y Yu S et al A multicentral randomized control study on clinical acupuncture treatment of Bells palsy J Tradit Chin Med 200626(1)3ndash7 [PubMed]

35 Bensoussan A Systematic review of acupuncture in dental pain Focus Altern Complement Ther 1999415ndash16

36 Pomeranz B Scientific basis of acupuncture In Stux G editor Pomeranz B editor eds Acupuncture Textbook and Atlas Heidelberg Springer-Verlag 19871ndash18

37 Kavoussi B Ross BE The neuroimmune basis of anti-inflammatory acupuncture Integr Cancer Ther 20076(3)251ndash257 [PubMed]

Thanks to httpswwwncbinlmnihgovpmcarticlesPMC4270142

Naik PN Kiran RA Yalamanchal S Kumar VA Goli S Vashist N Acupuncture An Alternative Therapy in Dentistry and Its Possible Applications Medical Acupuncture 201426(6)308-314 doi101089acu20141028

Ann Ital Chir 1995 May-Jun66(3)373-8

[Treatment of trigeminal neuralgia with electroacupuncture Experience with 104

cases]Costantini D Tomasello C Buonopane CE Sances D Marandola M Delogu G

Istituto di Anestesiologia e Rianimazione Universitagrave degli Studi di Roma La

Sapienza

The essential or secondary trigeminal neuralgia is a very frequent and invalidant disease In this forms the medical or surgical conventional therapies are often inadequate In this study we evaluated the effects of the acupunctural therapy on 104 patients (mean age 523 +- 13 years) with idiopathic or secondary trigeminal neuralgia Utilizing cycles of twelve sessions the acupunctural treatment was performed with an electrostimulator on local points and a distance or on aching points in the secondary forms The results was evaluated on the basis of three parameters (reappearance of the symptomatology absence of pain in months and preceding treatments) and was defined using this scale very well well fair and null In conclusion we can say that acupuncture is an elective treatment in all kinds of secondary tregeminalneuralgia while in the idiopathic form its validity is conditioned by preceding medical treatments and by beginning of the disease

Braz Dent J 200718(2)158-62

Electro-acupuncture efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar

surgeryTavares MG Machado AP Motta BG Borsatto MC Rosa AL Xavier SP

Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology School of Dentistry

of Ribeiratildeo Preto University of Sao Paulo Ribeiratildeo Preto SP Brazil

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of electro-acupuncture (EAC) on postoperative pain control after mandibular third molar surgery Twenty four young patients (12 male and 12 female) with symmetrically impacted mandibular third molars were selected Each patient was submitted to two separate surgical procedures under local anesthesia At one side extraction was carried out employing both prior (24h) and immediately postoperative application of EAC while on the contralateral side surgery was carried out without any treatment EAC was applied on 6 bilateral systemic and 2 auricular points with a WQ10Dl appliance using 40-60Hz frequency for 20 min and individually adjusted intensity Postoperative pain intensity was rated on a 100 mm visual analog scale (VAS) between 2 and 72 h and recording the amount of analgesics intake after surgery Statistical analysis was performed using theWilcoxon test Postoperative pain VAS scores were significantly lower for the EAC group (plt005) and analgesic intake decreased (plt005) for all evaluated periods (plt005) Under the tested conditions EAC therapy is efficient was proved controlling postoperative pain following mandibular third molar surgical removal

J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2005 Apr33(2)118-22

Acupuncture analgesia and its application in cranio-maxillofacial surgical

procedures Pohodenko-Chudakova IODepartment of Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery Faculty of Stomatology

Belarussian State Medical University Minsk Belarus ip-cyandexru

PATIENTS AND METHODS Acupuncture analgesia was applied in 120 patients In 20 of these surgery was carried out under general anaesthesia in combination with acupuncture analgesia In 100 patients acupuncture analgesia was applied in addition to traditional postoperative analgesia In case of troublesome postoperative pain it was necessary to carry out additional sessions (1-4) of acupuncture stimulation

RESULTS When acupuncture analgesia was used the pulse rate and blood pressure during surgery generally remained stable In the present study serum cortisol was also measured and showed only minor elevation

CONCLUSION Acupuncture analgesia can be a useful adjunct to conventional anaesthesia in maxillofacial surgery

J Orofac Pain 2009 Fall23(4)353-9

Randomized clinical trial of acupuncture for myofascial pain of the jaw muscles Shen YF Younger J Goddard G Mackey S

Department of oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Center for Orofacial Pain University

of California San Francisco San Francisco CA 94143-0768 USA

METHODS Twenty-eight subjects over the age of 18 and diagnosed with chronic myofascial pain of the jaw muscles were randomized to receive real (n = 16) or sham (n = 12) acupuncture

RESULTS Subjects receiving real acupuncture experienced a significant reduction in jaw pain (P = 04) jawface tightness (P = 04) and neck pain (P = 04) and a significant increase in pain tolerance of the masseter muscle (P = 001) Subjects were not able to determine whether they received real or sham acupuncture (P = 69) No significant pain reductions were observed in the sham acupuncture group

CONCLUSION A single acupuncture session using one acupoint at Hegu large intestine 4 significantly reduced most myofascial pain endpoints when compared to sham acupuncture

MIND BODY ARTICLES

Read some other articles

How Mindfulness Meditation Can Help People With Rheumatoid

Arthritis (huffingtonpostcom)

How Meditation Changes Pain Relieves

Depression (psychologytodaycom)

How Meditation Might Relieve Pain (forbescom)

Neural correlates of pain reduction through

meditation (mindblogdericbowndsnet)

Pain Is No Matter for the Meditative Mind (brainbloggercom)

MIND-BODY Pain Relief Research

Reduced disability secondary to back pain improvements on global and physical health and improved pain levels compared to pre-intervention levels

Morone N Weiner D amp Greco C (2005) Randomized trial of mindfulness meditation in older adults for the treatment of chronic low back pain

- 34 of patients gtgt 33 decrease in pain- 12 of patients gtgt 50 decrease in pain - 44 of patients gtgt decreased analgesic use- 28 of patients gtgt discontinued analgesics

The Clinical Use of Mindfulness Meditation for the Self-Regulation of Chronic Pain Kabat-Zinn J Journal of Behavioral Medicine 1985

Many patients needed less pain medication After fifteen months not only did they suffer less pain but because they suffered less pain they also suffered less from depression and anxiety

WE Mehling KA Hamel M Acree N Byl and FM Hecht Randomized controlled trial of breath therapy for patients with chronic low-back pain Altern Ther Health Med 2005 JulndashAug 11(4)44ndash52

Chronic Pain

Acceptance-based interventions such as mindfulness-based stress reduction program and acceptance and commitment therapy are alternative approaches to cognitive behavioral therapy for treating patients wtih chronic pain In this systematic review and meta-analysis twenty-two studies were included totaling 1235 patients with chronic pain The results suggest that a mindfulness-based stress reduction program and acceptance and commitment therapy can be good alternatives to cognitive behavioral therapy More high-quality studies are needed Acceptance-based therapies have small to medium effects on physical and mental health in chronic pain patients comparable to those of cognitive behavioral therapy

Veehof MM Oskam MJ Schreurs KM Bohlmeijer ET Acceptance-based interventions for the treatment of chronic pain a systematic review and meta-analysis Pain 152(3)533-42 2011

Ten studies were included in this review Mindfulness-based interventions showed non-specific effects for the reduction of pain symptoms and the improvement of depressive symptoms in patients with chronic pain There were also some improvements in psychologic measures related to chronic pain including pain coping Further research in larger studies is warranted

Chiesa A Serretti A Mindfulness-based interventions for chronic pain a systematic review of the evidence Journal of Alternative amp Complementary Medicine 17(1) 83-93 2011

Page 6: ACUPUNCTURE AND FACIAL PAIN - Darcy Nat · (Bensoussan 1999, Rosted 1998, Ernst 1998). Controlled trials have shown that ear acupuncture is as effective as intranasal midazolam in

How does Acupuncture work

Human body contains 14 major meridians

Energy (Qi) goes through the meridians

If the energy is not in balance diseases occur

Needles being inserted into body will smooth the energy and make the energy balance

Slide Acupuncture As A Treatment For TMJ amp Other Oral facial Pain

Jun Xu MD

Acupuncture

Traditional Chinese acupuncture has a

history of more than 2500 years and is

one of the best-known complementary

and alternative therapies

Acupuncture stimulates the nervous

system and alters the processing and

perception of pain signals and also

releases natural painkillers such as

endorphins and serotonin in the nervous

system

Acupunctures successful use for various

dental conditions has been proven

Physical characteristics

of the Acupuncture points-WHO

Points are corresponds to the high electrical

conductance points on the body surface

High density of gap junctions at the epithelia of the

acupuncture points

Gap junctions are hexagonal proteins that facilitate

intercellular communication and increase electric

conductivity

Research on Acupuncture (as of 2000)

A recent systematic review2 of published literature was able to identify 74

publications concerning the use of acupuncture in dentistry of which 17

reported randomised controlled trials (RCT)8ndash22

Nine of the trials achieved this level of these four investigated TMD and four

the use of acupuncture in post-operative pain management All four trials

covering TMD 912ndash16 showed some benefit comparable to occlusal splint

therapy

Three of the trials on post-operative pain management found acupuncture

effective101117

The other recent review analysed 16 trials of the analgesic effect of

acupuncture and found that the majority of the studies showed some positive

effect1 although the experimental nature of some of the studies made the evaluation of practical use difficult

However in summary it may be stated that where trials are competently

constructed and executed there is a body of scientific evidence supporting the

efficacy of acupuncture within dental practice

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry P Rosted BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL VOLUME 189 NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

Auricular Acupuncture Points

Acupuncture

needling

Acupuncture

pellets

for

extended

use

ACUPUNCTURE MIND-BODY AND SUPPLEMENTS IN MY PRACTICE

Acupuncture

Acupuncture Electro-Acupuncture Magnets Ear Acupuncture

Mind-Body Pain Relief Program

Workbook

Audios Progressive Relaxation Guided Pain Relief Techniques

Dietary Supplements

Herbal Anti-inflammatories

Pain Relief Formulas

Enzymes

Chronic Facial Pain Case History

Pain is the Obstruction of the Flow of Life Force (Qi)

55 year old woman with Oligo-astrocytoma had a surgical resection of the tumor this left her with major inflammation and pain from partial removal of temporalis muscle tissue from the right side of the temple and jaw making chewing excruciating

Treatment Plan Acupuncture treatments 2 x week for 5 weeks 10 treatments

Electro acupuncture was applied to the distal points on pathways that move through the Temro-mandibular joint and face St 44 amp 43 and LI 4 amp 11

Acupuncture GB241TW6 ST4 Per 6 GB2 TW 17 ST3 GB8

Ear Acupuncture Points Shenmen Facial Mandible

Mind-Body Pain Relief 25 minutes 2 x day

Supplements Wobenzyme 2 x 2 day Inflam Ease Herbal Formula

Results Pain Score was reduced from 8 to 2 over a 5 week period

(Patient was also treated concurrently for Chemo induced Nausea very successfully enabling her to complete her course of chemotherapy)

Case History

Temporalis Muscle Trigger Points Acupuncture Points

Conditions to consider integrating Acupuncture

bull Dental pain

bull Dental anxiety and gag reflex

bull Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain or temporomandibular disorder (TMD)

bull TMJ clicking and locking

bull Chronic muscle pain or spasm

bull Atypical facial pain

bull Headache (tension headache migraine)

bull Xerostomia (dry mouth)

bull Nerve pain (neuralgia especially trigeminal neuralgia neuropathic pain nerve injury)

bull Paresthesia or anesthesia of the oral and paraoral structures

Introduction to Acupuncture in DentistryBRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL

ldquoAcupuncture is not a miracle cure and is not going to replace the drill However the technique can be a supplement to conventional treatments in TMDs facial pain pain management Sjoslashegrens syndrome and in phobias and anxietyrdquo

Acupuncture does have a scientific background and the efficacy has been tested in a number of clinical trials including pain management facial pain TMD and increasing of the pain thresholdrdquo

It is concluded that acupuncture could supplement conventional treatment modalities Its value in the treatment of temporomandibular dysfunction syndrome and facial pain has been well documented and supported by randomisedcontrolled trials Although it may be useful in the control of post-operative pain its use as sole analgesia for operative care is questionable The mode of action of acupuncture can be explained with reference to modern neurophysiology

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry P Rosted BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL VOLUME 189 NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

httpwwwexodontiainfofilesBDJ_2000_Acupuncture_-_Introduction_to_Acupuncture_in_Dentistrypdf

Electro-acupuncture (EA)efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar surgeryand Postoperative pain and swelling

Postoperative pain and swelling after third-molar surgery are usually controlled by administering drugs to patients before and after surgery Nonsteroidal anti-inflamatorydrugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used to produce an inhibitory effect on the cyclo-oxygenase enzyme However these drugs are associated with increased bleeding tendency gastric ulcerations and other adverse effects

Tavares et alevaluated the efficacy of EA on postoperative pain control after mandibular third-molar surgery Postoperative pain intensity (rated on a 10-cm visual analogue scale [VAS]) was significantly lower for the EA side and analgesic intake decreased for all evaluated periods The researchers concluded that EA controlled postoperative pain following mandibular third-molar surgical removal

16 Tavares MG Machado AP Motta BG BorsattoMC Rosa AL Xavier SP Electro-acupuncture efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar surgery Braz Dent J 200718(2)158ndash162 [PubMed]

MIND-BODYnothing is 100 in the mind orhellip 100 in the bodyhellip but some mix

between perception and sensation

A report from the Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center states

that ldquomeditation can be more effective than morphine This

is the first study to show that only a little over an hour of

meditation training can dramatically reduce both the

experience of pain and pain-related brain activation

40 per cent reduction in pain intensity and a

57 per cent reduction in pain unpleasantness

Meditation produced a greater reduction in pain than even

morphine or other pain-relieving drugs which typically

reduce pain ratings by about 25 per cent

MIND-BODYThe mind is the most powerful pharmaceutical factory on earth

Studies demonstrate that by doing only 20 minutes-a-day of a Guided Pain Relief Meditation Technique over a five-week period showed significant improvement for

A higher tolerance to pain

Decreased anxiety stress and depression

Increased activity levels

Decreased use of pain-related medications

Increased levels of self-esteem

(Mills 1981 Kabat-Zinn 1985 Harmon 1999)

MIND-BODYGUIDED PAIN RELIEF PROGRAM

Download the Natural Pain Relief Workbook

Pain Evaluation See what your pain score is before you start and then re-take it at the end for some good news

Download the Audios 20 minutes per day

Sweeping the Body Relaxation Week One Awareness technique ldquoSweeping the Bodyrdquo Relaxation

Guided Pain Relief Technique Week Two ldquoSofteningrdquo around the pain technique this is the main technique to practice

Rebalancing the Mind Week Three Balance Technique Re-balancing the Mind

Relaxing into Sleep Will help you relax and fall into a deep restful sleep

Free Access athellip

httpwwwtrue-wellnesscomindexphpprogramsmind-bodypain-relief

This may move to wwwdarcynatcom

Acupuncture Studies

taken from Dentistry

Journals and Papers

Introduction to

acupuncture in

dentistry P Rosted

BRITISH DENTAL

JOURNAL VOLUME 189

NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

Introduction to acupuncture

in dentistry P Rosted BRITISH

DENTAL JOURNAL VOLUME

189 NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry P Rosted BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL VOLUME 189

NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

StudiesStudies

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry P

Rosted BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL

VOLUME 189 NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

Acupuncture in 11 out of 15 studies proved effective in the

treatment of temperomandibular dysfunction (TMD) and as analgesia

The use of acupuncture in dentistry a review of the scientific validity of published paper

Oral Dis 1998 Jun4(2)100-4

(Bensoussan 1999 Rosted 1998 Ernst 1998) Controlled trials have shown that ear acupuncture is as effective as intranasal midazolam in reducing dental anxiety

(Karst 2007) and that acupuncture is more effective than placebo in the prevention of post-operative dental pain

(Lao 1999) and in reducing the gagging reflex

(Sari 2010) Evidence from case series suggests that acupuncture can reduce dental anxiety

(Rosted 2010) and the gagging reflex

(Rosted 2006) and that electroacupuncture can control post-operative pain after wisdom tooth extraction

(Tarares 2007) One controlled study found no effect on the pain threashold of dental pulp

(Goddard 2009)The systematic reviews are now more than 10 years old and up-to-date ones are called for to better evaluate the evidence

In general acupuncture is believed to stimulate the nervous system and cause the release of neurochemical messenger molecules The resulting biochemical changes influence the bodys homeostatic mechanisms thus promoting physical and emotional well-being Stimulation of certain acupuncture points has been shown to affect areas of the brain that are known to reduce sensitivity to pain and stress as well as promoting relaxation and deactivating the analytical brain which is responsible for anxiety (Wu 1999)

Acupuncture may help relieve dental pain by

stimulating nerves located in muscles and other tissues which leads to release of endorphins and other neurohumoral factors (eg neuropeptide Y serotonin) and changes the processing of pain in the brain and spinal cord (Pomeranz 1987 Han 2004 Zhao 2008 Zhou 2008 Lee 2009 Cheng 2009)

reducing the cardiovascular reflex elicited by toothache which is associated with the adrenergic system (Jung 2006)

increasing the release of adenosine which has antinociceptive properties (Goldman 2010)

modulating the limbic-paralimbic-neocortical network (Hui 2009)

reducing inflammation by promoting release of vascular and immunomodulatory factors (Kavoussi 2007 Zijlstra 2003)

increasing local microcirculation (Komori 2009) which aids dispersal of swelling

British Acupuncture Council

Systematic reviews

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry

Br Dent J 2000 Aug 12189(3)136-40

Rosted P

The use of acupuncture in dentistry a review of the scientific validity of published papers

Oral Dis 1998 Jun4(2)100-4

Rosted P

Temporomandibular Dysfunction

Practical recommendations for the use of acupuncture in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders based on the outcome of published controlled studies

Oral Dis 2001 Mar7(2)109-15

Rosted P

Effectiveness of acupuncture in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders of muscular origin a systematic review of the last decade

La Touche R Angulo-Diacuteaz-Parrentildeo S de-la-Hoz JL Fernaacutendez-CarneroJ Ge HY Linares MT Mesa J Saacutenchez-Gutieacuterrez J J AlternComplement Med 2010 Jan16(1)107-12

Bells Palsy

Physical therapy for Bellrsquos palsy (idiopathic facial paralysis)

Teixeira LJ Valbuza JS Prado GF Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011 Dec 7(12)CD006283

Department of Neurology West China Hospital Sichuan University Wai Nan Guo Xue Xiang 37 Chengdu Sichuan China 610041

Dental painThe effectiveness of acupuncture in treating acute dental pain a systematic reviewErnst E Pittler MH Br Dent J 1998 May 9184(9)443-7

Dry Mouth

Randomized controlled trial of acupuncture for prevention of radiation-induced xerostomia among patients with nasopharyngeal carcinomaMeng Z Garcia MK Hu C Chiang J Chambers M Rosenthal DI Peng H Zhang Y Zhao Q Zhao G Liu L Spelman A Palmer JL Wei Q Cohen LCancer 2012 Jul 1118(13)3337-44 doi 101002cncr26550 Epub 2011 Nov 9

Dental AnxietyAuricular acupuncture effectively reduces state anxiety before dental treatment ndash a randomised controlled trialMichalek-Sauberer A Gusenleitner E Gleiss A Tepper G Deusch EClin Oral Investig 2012 Jan 6 [Epub ahead of print]

Trigeminal NeuralgiaPractical application of meridian acupuncture treatment for trigeminal neuralgiaBeppu S Sato Y Amemiya Y Tode IAnesth Pain Control Dent 1992 Spring1(2)103-8

Post Operative Dental PainAcupuncture treatment of pain dysfunction syndrome after dental extractionRosted P Joslashrgensen VAcupunct Med 2002 Dec20(4)191-2

Thanks to httpbenzappincomacupuncture-in-dentistry

1 Rosted P Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry Br Dent J 2000189(3)136ndash140 [PubMed]

2 Stux G Pomeranz G Scientific Basis of Acupuncture Acupuncture Textbook and Atlas Heidelberg Springer Verlag 1987

3 Lao L Bergman S Langenberg P Wong RH Berman B Efficacy of Chinese acupuncture on postoperative oral surgery pain Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 199579(4)423ndash428[PubMed]

4 Rosted P The use of acupuncture in dentistry A systematic review Acupunct Med 199816(1)43ndash48

5 Wong LB Acupuncture in dentistry Its possible role and application Proc Singapore Healthcare 201221(1)432ndash448

6 Michalek-Sauberer A Heinzl H Sator-Katzenschlager SM Monov G Knolle E Kress HGPerioperative auricular electroacupuncture has no effect on pain and analgesic consumption after third molar tooth extraction Anesth Analg 2007104(3)542ndash547 [PubMed]

7 Ulett GA Han S Han JS Electroacupuncture Mechanisms and clinical application Biol Psychiatr 199844(2)129ndash138 [PubMed]

8 Fang J Jin Z Wang Y et al The salient characteristics of the central effects of acupuncture needling Limbicndashparalimbicndashneocortical network modulation Hum Brain Mapp 200930(4)1196ndash1206 [PubMed]

9 National Institutes of Health (NIH) NIH Consensus Conference Acupuncture JAMA 1998280(17)1518ndash1524 [PubMed]

10 Ernst E Pittler MH The effectiveness of acupuncture in treating acute dental pain A systematic review Br Dent J 1998184(9)443ndash447 [PubMed]

11 Goddard G Albers D Effects of acupuncture at Large Intestine 4 (LI 4) on electrical tooth pulp stimulation A randomized controlled pilot study Med Acupunct 200921(3)167ndash171

12 Chapman CR Chen AC Bonica JJ Effects of intrasegmental electrical acupuncture on dental pain Evaluation by threshold estimation and sensory decision Pain 19773(3)213ndash227 [PubMed]

13 Andersson S Lundeberg T Acupuncturemdashfrom empiricism to science Functional background to [sic] acupuncture effects in pain and disease Med Hypotheses 199545(3)271ndash281 [PubMed]

14 Rosted P Bundgaard M Can acupuncture reduce the induction time of a local anaestheticmdashA pilot study Acupunct Med 200321(3)92ndash99 [PubMed]

15 Simmons MS Oleson TD Auricular electrical stimulation and dental pain threshold Anesth Prog 199340(1)14ndash19 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

16 Tavares MG Machado AP Motta BG Borsatto MC Rosa AL Xavier SP Electro-acupuncture efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar surgery Braz Dent J 200718(2)158ndash162 [PubMed]

17 Lao L Bergman S Hamilton GR Langenberg P Berman B Evaluation of acupuncture for pain control after oral surgery A placebo-controlled trial Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1999125(5)567ndash572 [PubMed]

18 Ribeiro DC Dental Acupuncture A Technique Against Pain 1st ed Satildeo Paulo Iacutecone 2002

19 Kitade T Ohyabu H Analgesic effects of acupuncture on pain after mandibular wisdom tooth extraction Acupunct Electrother Res 200025(2)109ndash115 [PubMed]

20 Ekblom A Hansson P Thomsson M Thomas M Increased postoperative pain and consumption of analgesics following acupuncture Pain 199144(3)241ndash247 [PubMed]

21 Zijlstra FJ van den Berg-de Lange I Huygen FJ Klein J Anti-inflammatory actions of acupuncture Mediators Inflamm 200312(2)59ndash69 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

22 Karst M Winterhalter M Muumlnte S et al Auricular acupuncture for dental anxiety A randomized controlled trial Anesth Analg 2007104(2)295ndash300 [PubMed]

23 Rosted P Bundgaard M Gordon S Pedersen AM Acupuncture in the management of anxiety related to dental treatment A case series Acupunct Med 201028(1)3ndash5 [PubMed]

24 Sari E Sari T The role of acupuncture in the treatment of orthodontic patients with a gagging reflex A pilot study Br Dent J 2010208(10)E19 [PubMed]

25 Rosted P Bundgaard M Fiske J Pedersen AM The use of acupuncture in controlling the gag reflex in patients requiring an upper alginate impression An audit Br Dent J 2006201(11)721ndash725discussion715 [PubMed]

26 List T Acupuncture in the treatment of patients with craniomandibular disorders Comparative longitudinal and methodological studies Swed Dent J Suppl 1992871ndash159 [PubMed]

27 Park J White A Stevinson C Ernst E James M Validating a new non-penetrating sham acupuncture device Two randomised controlled trials Acupunct Med 200220(4)168ndash174 [PubMed]

28 Shen YF Younger J Goddard G Mackey S Randomized clinical trial of acupuncture for myofascial pain of the jaw muscles J OrofacPain 200923(4)353ndash359 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

29 Cho SH Whang WW Acupuncture for temporomandibular disorders A systematic review J Orofac Pain 201024(2)152ndash162 [PubMed]

30 Johnstone PA Peng YP May BC Inouye WS Niemtzow RC Acupuncture for pilocarpine-resistant xerostomia following radiotherapy for head and neck malignancies Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 200150(2)353ndash357 [PubMed]

31 Furness S Bryan G McMillan R Worthington HV Interventions for the management of dry mouth Non-pharmacological interventions Cochrane Database Syst Rev 20138CD009603 [PubMed]

32 Silva SA Acupuncture for the relief of pain of facial and dental origin Anesth Prog 198936(4ndash5)244ndash245 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

33 Chien TJ Liu CY Hsu CH Integrating acupuncture into cancer care J Tradit Complement Med 20133(4)234ndash239 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

34 Liang F Li Y Yu S et al A multicentral randomized control study on clinical acupuncture treatment of Bells palsy J Tradit Chin Med 200626(1)3ndash7 [PubMed]

35 Bensoussan A Systematic review of acupuncture in dental pain Focus Altern Complement Ther 1999415ndash16

36 Pomeranz B Scientific basis of acupuncture In Stux G editor Pomeranz B editor eds Acupuncture Textbook and Atlas Heidelberg Springer-Verlag 19871ndash18

37 Kavoussi B Ross BE The neuroimmune basis of anti-inflammatory acupuncture Integr Cancer Ther 20076(3)251ndash257 [PubMed]

Thanks to httpswwwncbinlmnihgovpmcarticlesPMC4270142

Naik PN Kiran RA Yalamanchal S Kumar VA Goli S Vashist N Acupuncture An Alternative Therapy in Dentistry and Its Possible Applications Medical Acupuncture 201426(6)308-314 doi101089acu20141028

Ann Ital Chir 1995 May-Jun66(3)373-8

[Treatment of trigeminal neuralgia with electroacupuncture Experience with 104

cases]Costantini D Tomasello C Buonopane CE Sances D Marandola M Delogu G

Istituto di Anestesiologia e Rianimazione Universitagrave degli Studi di Roma La

Sapienza

The essential or secondary trigeminal neuralgia is a very frequent and invalidant disease In this forms the medical or surgical conventional therapies are often inadequate In this study we evaluated the effects of the acupunctural therapy on 104 patients (mean age 523 +- 13 years) with idiopathic or secondary trigeminal neuralgia Utilizing cycles of twelve sessions the acupunctural treatment was performed with an electrostimulator on local points and a distance or on aching points in the secondary forms The results was evaluated on the basis of three parameters (reappearance of the symptomatology absence of pain in months and preceding treatments) and was defined using this scale very well well fair and null In conclusion we can say that acupuncture is an elective treatment in all kinds of secondary tregeminalneuralgia while in the idiopathic form its validity is conditioned by preceding medical treatments and by beginning of the disease

Braz Dent J 200718(2)158-62

Electro-acupuncture efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar

surgeryTavares MG Machado AP Motta BG Borsatto MC Rosa AL Xavier SP

Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology School of Dentistry

of Ribeiratildeo Preto University of Sao Paulo Ribeiratildeo Preto SP Brazil

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of electro-acupuncture (EAC) on postoperative pain control after mandibular third molar surgery Twenty four young patients (12 male and 12 female) with symmetrically impacted mandibular third molars were selected Each patient was submitted to two separate surgical procedures under local anesthesia At one side extraction was carried out employing both prior (24h) and immediately postoperative application of EAC while on the contralateral side surgery was carried out without any treatment EAC was applied on 6 bilateral systemic and 2 auricular points with a WQ10Dl appliance using 40-60Hz frequency for 20 min and individually adjusted intensity Postoperative pain intensity was rated on a 100 mm visual analog scale (VAS) between 2 and 72 h and recording the amount of analgesics intake after surgery Statistical analysis was performed using theWilcoxon test Postoperative pain VAS scores were significantly lower for the EAC group (plt005) and analgesic intake decreased (plt005) for all evaluated periods (plt005) Under the tested conditions EAC therapy is efficient was proved controlling postoperative pain following mandibular third molar surgical removal

J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2005 Apr33(2)118-22

Acupuncture analgesia and its application in cranio-maxillofacial surgical

procedures Pohodenko-Chudakova IODepartment of Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery Faculty of Stomatology

Belarussian State Medical University Minsk Belarus ip-cyandexru

PATIENTS AND METHODS Acupuncture analgesia was applied in 120 patients In 20 of these surgery was carried out under general anaesthesia in combination with acupuncture analgesia In 100 patients acupuncture analgesia was applied in addition to traditional postoperative analgesia In case of troublesome postoperative pain it was necessary to carry out additional sessions (1-4) of acupuncture stimulation

RESULTS When acupuncture analgesia was used the pulse rate and blood pressure during surgery generally remained stable In the present study serum cortisol was also measured and showed only minor elevation

CONCLUSION Acupuncture analgesia can be a useful adjunct to conventional anaesthesia in maxillofacial surgery

J Orofac Pain 2009 Fall23(4)353-9

Randomized clinical trial of acupuncture for myofascial pain of the jaw muscles Shen YF Younger J Goddard G Mackey S

Department of oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Center for Orofacial Pain University

of California San Francisco San Francisco CA 94143-0768 USA

METHODS Twenty-eight subjects over the age of 18 and diagnosed with chronic myofascial pain of the jaw muscles were randomized to receive real (n = 16) or sham (n = 12) acupuncture

RESULTS Subjects receiving real acupuncture experienced a significant reduction in jaw pain (P = 04) jawface tightness (P = 04) and neck pain (P = 04) and a significant increase in pain tolerance of the masseter muscle (P = 001) Subjects were not able to determine whether they received real or sham acupuncture (P = 69) No significant pain reductions were observed in the sham acupuncture group

CONCLUSION A single acupuncture session using one acupoint at Hegu large intestine 4 significantly reduced most myofascial pain endpoints when compared to sham acupuncture

MIND BODY ARTICLES

Read some other articles

How Mindfulness Meditation Can Help People With Rheumatoid

Arthritis (huffingtonpostcom)

How Meditation Changes Pain Relieves

Depression (psychologytodaycom)

How Meditation Might Relieve Pain (forbescom)

Neural correlates of pain reduction through

meditation (mindblogdericbowndsnet)

Pain Is No Matter for the Meditative Mind (brainbloggercom)

MIND-BODY Pain Relief Research

Reduced disability secondary to back pain improvements on global and physical health and improved pain levels compared to pre-intervention levels

Morone N Weiner D amp Greco C (2005) Randomized trial of mindfulness meditation in older adults for the treatment of chronic low back pain

- 34 of patients gtgt 33 decrease in pain- 12 of patients gtgt 50 decrease in pain - 44 of patients gtgt decreased analgesic use- 28 of patients gtgt discontinued analgesics

The Clinical Use of Mindfulness Meditation for the Self-Regulation of Chronic Pain Kabat-Zinn J Journal of Behavioral Medicine 1985

Many patients needed less pain medication After fifteen months not only did they suffer less pain but because they suffered less pain they also suffered less from depression and anxiety

WE Mehling KA Hamel M Acree N Byl and FM Hecht Randomized controlled trial of breath therapy for patients with chronic low-back pain Altern Ther Health Med 2005 JulndashAug 11(4)44ndash52

Chronic Pain

Acceptance-based interventions such as mindfulness-based stress reduction program and acceptance and commitment therapy are alternative approaches to cognitive behavioral therapy for treating patients wtih chronic pain In this systematic review and meta-analysis twenty-two studies were included totaling 1235 patients with chronic pain The results suggest that a mindfulness-based stress reduction program and acceptance and commitment therapy can be good alternatives to cognitive behavioral therapy More high-quality studies are needed Acceptance-based therapies have small to medium effects on physical and mental health in chronic pain patients comparable to those of cognitive behavioral therapy

Veehof MM Oskam MJ Schreurs KM Bohlmeijer ET Acceptance-based interventions for the treatment of chronic pain a systematic review and meta-analysis Pain 152(3)533-42 2011

Ten studies were included in this review Mindfulness-based interventions showed non-specific effects for the reduction of pain symptoms and the improvement of depressive symptoms in patients with chronic pain There were also some improvements in psychologic measures related to chronic pain including pain coping Further research in larger studies is warranted

Chiesa A Serretti A Mindfulness-based interventions for chronic pain a systematic review of the evidence Journal of Alternative amp Complementary Medicine 17(1) 83-93 2011

Page 7: ACUPUNCTURE AND FACIAL PAIN - Darcy Nat · (Bensoussan 1999, Rosted 1998, Ernst 1998). Controlled trials have shown that ear acupuncture is as effective as intranasal midazolam in

Acupuncture

Traditional Chinese acupuncture has a

history of more than 2500 years and is

one of the best-known complementary

and alternative therapies

Acupuncture stimulates the nervous

system and alters the processing and

perception of pain signals and also

releases natural painkillers such as

endorphins and serotonin in the nervous

system

Acupunctures successful use for various

dental conditions has been proven

Physical characteristics

of the Acupuncture points-WHO

Points are corresponds to the high electrical

conductance points on the body surface

High density of gap junctions at the epithelia of the

acupuncture points

Gap junctions are hexagonal proteins that facilitate

intercellular communication and increase electric

conductivity

Research on Acupuncture (as of 2000)

A recent systematic review2 of published literature was able to identify 74

publications concerning the use of acupuncture in dentistry of which 17

reported randomised controlled trials (RCT)8ndash22

Nine of the trials achieved this level of these four investigated TMD and four

the use of acupuncture in post-operative pain management All four trials

covering TMD 912ndash16 showed some benefit comparable to occlusal splint

therapy

Three of the trials on post-operative pain management found acupuncture

effective101117

The other recent review analysed 16 trials of the analgesic effect of

acupuncture and found that the majority of the studies showed some positive

effect1 although the experimental nature of some of the studies made the evaluation of practical use difficult

However in summary it may be stated that where trials are competently

constructed and executed there is a body of scientific evidence supporting the

efficacy of acupuncture within dental practice

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry P Rosted BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL VOLUME 189 NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

Auricular Acupuncture Points

Acupuncture

needling

Acupuncture

pellets

for

extended

use

ACUPUNCTURE MIND-BODY AND SUPPLEMENTS IN MY PRACTICE

Acupuncture

Acupuncture Electro-Acupuncture Magnets Ear Acupuncture

Mind-Body Pain Relief Program

Workbook

Audios Progressive Relaxation Guided Pain Relief Techniques

Dietary Supplements

Herbal Anti-inflammatories

Pain Relief Formulas

Enzymes

Chronic Facial Pain Case History

Pain is the Obstruction of the Flow of Life Force (Qi)

55 year old woman with Oligo-astrocytoma had a surgical resection of the tumor this left her with major inflammation and pain from partial removal of temporalis muscle tissue from the right side of the temple and jaw making chewing excruciating

Treatment Plan Acupuncture treatments 2 x week for 5 weeks 10 treatments

Electro acupuncture was applied to the distal points on pathways that move through the Temro-mandibular joint and face St 44 amp 43 and LI 4 amp 11

Acupuncture GB241TW6 ST4 Per 6 GB2 TW 17 ST3 GB8

Ear Acupuncture Points Shenmen Facial Mandible

Mind-Body Pain Relief 25 minutes 2 x day

Supplements Wobenzyme 2 x 2 day Inflam Ease Herbal Formula

Results Pain Score was reduced from 8 to 2 over a 5 week period

(Patient was also treated concurrently for Chemo induced Nausea very successfully enabling her to complete her course of chemotherapy)

Case History

Temporalis Muscle Trigger Points Acupuncture Points

Conditions to consider integrating Acupuncture

bull Dental pain

bull Dental anxiety and gag reflex

bull Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain or temporomandibular disorder (TMD)

bull TMJ clicking and locking

bull Chronic muscle pain or spasm

bull Atypical facial pain

bull Headache (tension headache migraine)

bull Xerostomia (dry mouth)

bull Nerve pain (neuralgia especially trigeminal neuralgia neuropathic pain nerve injury)

bull Paresthesia or anesthesia of the oral and paraoral structures

Introduction to Acupuncture in DentistryBRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL

ldquoAcupuncture is not a miracle cure and is not going to replace the drill However the technique can be a supplement to conventional treatments in TMDs facial pain pain management Sjoslashegrens syndrome and in phobias and anxietyrdquo

Acupuncture does have a scientific background and the efficacy has been tested in a number of clinical trials including pain management facial pain TMD and increasing of the pain thresholdrdquo

It is concluded that acupuncture could supplement conventional treatment modalities Its value in the treatment of temporomandibular dysfunction syndrome and facial pain has been well documented and supported by randomisedcontrolled trials Although it may be useful in the control of post-operative pain its use as sole analgesia for operative care is questionable The mode of action of acupuncture can be explained with reference to modern neurophysiology

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry P Rosted BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL VOLUME 189 NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

httpwwwexodontiainfofilesBDJ_2000_Acupuncture_-_Introduction_to_Acupuncture_in_Dentistrypdf

Electro-acupuncture (EA)efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar surgeryand Postoperative pain and swelling

Postoperative pain and swelling after third-molar surgery are usually controlled by administering drugs to patients before and after surgery Nonsteroidal anti-inflamatorydrugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used to produce an inhibitory effect on the cyclo-oxygenase enzyme However these drugs are associated with increased bleeding tendency gastric ulcerations and other adverse effects

Tavares et alevaluated the efficacy of EA on postoperative pain control after mandibular third-molar surgery Postoperative pain intensity (rated on a 10-cm visual analogue scale [VAS]) was significantly lower for the EA side and analgesic intake decreased for all evaluated periods The researchers concluded that EA controlled postoperative pain following mandibular third-molar surgical removal

16 Tavares MG Machado AP Motta BG BorsattoMC Rosa AL Xavier SP Electro-acupuncture efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar surgery Braz Dent J 200718(2)158ndash162 [PubMed]

MIND-BODYnothing is 100 in the mind orhellip 100 in the bodyhellip but some mix

between perception and sensation

A report from the Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center states

that ldquomeditation can be more effective than morphine This

is the first study to show that only a little over an hour of

meditation training can dramatically reduce both the

experience of pain and pain-related brain activation

40 per cent reduction in pain intensity and a

57 per cent reduction in pain unpleasantness

Meditation produced a greater reduction in pain than even

morphine or other pain-relieving drugs which typically

reduce pain ratings by about 25 per cent

MIND-BODYThe mind is the most powerful pharmaceutical factory on earth

Studies demonstrate that by doing only 20 minutes-a-day of a Guided Pain Relief Meditation Technique over a five-week period showed significant improvement for

A higher tolerance to pain

Decreased anxiety stress and depression

Increased activity levels

Decreased use of pain-related medications

Increased levels of self-esteem

(Mills 1981 Kabat-Zinn 1985 Harmon 1999)

MIND-BODYGUIDED PAIN RELIEF PROGRAM

Download the Natural Pain Relief Workbook

Pain Evaluation See what your pain score is before you start and then re-take it at the end for some good news

Download the Audios 20 minutes per day

Sweeping the Body Relaxation Week One Awareness technique ldquoSweeping the Bodyrdquo Relaxation

Guided Pain Relief Technique Week Two ldquoSofteningrdquo around the pain technique this is the main technique to practice

Rebalancing the Mind Week Three Balance Technique Re-balancing the Mind

Relaxing into Sleep Will help you relax and fall into a deep restful sleep

Free Access athellip

httpwwwtrue-wellnesscomindexphpprogramsmind-bodypain-relief

This may move to wwwdarcynatcom

Acupuncture Studies

taken from Dentistry

Journals and Papers

Introduction to

acupuncture in

dentistry P Rosted

BRITISH DENTAL

JOURNAL VOLUME 189

NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

Introduction to acupuncture

in dentistry P Rosted BRITISH

DENTAL JOURNAL VOLUME

189 NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry P Rosted BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL VOLUME 189

NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

StudiesStudies

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry P

Rosted BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL

VOLUME 189 NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

Acupuncture in 11 out of 15 studies proved effective in the

treatment of temperomandibular dysfunction (TMD) and as analgesia

The use of acupuncture in dentistry a review of the scientific validity of published paper

Oral Dis 1998 Jun4(2)100-4

(Bensoussan 1999 Rosted 1998 Ernst 1998) Controlled trials have shown that ear acupuncture is as effective as intranasal midazolam in reducing dental anxiety

(Karst 2007) and that acupuncture is more effective than placebo in the prevention of post-operative dental pain

(Lao 1999) and in reducing the gagging reflex

(Sari 2010) Evidence from case series suggests that acupuncture can reduce dental anxiety

(Rosted 2010) and the gagging reflex

(Rosted 2006) and that electroacupuncture can control post-operative pain after wisdom tooth extraction

(Tarares 2007) One controlled study found no effect on the pain threashold of dental pulp

(Goddard 2009)The systematic reviews are now more than 10 years old and up-to-date ones are called for to better evaluate the evidence

In general acupuncture is believed to stimulate the nervous system and cause the release of neurochemical messenger molecules The resulting biochemical changes influence the bodys homeostatic mechanisms thus promoting physical and emotional well-being Stimulation of certain acupuncture points has been shown to affect areas of the brain that are known to reduce sensitivity to pain and stress as well as promoting relaxation and deactivating the analytical brain which is responsible for anxiety (Wu 1999)

Acupuncture may help relieve dental pain by

stimulating nerves located in muscles and other tissues which leads to release of endorphins and other neurohumoral factors (eg neuropeptide Y serotonin) and changes the processing of pain in the brain and spinal cord (Pomeranz 1987 Han 2004 Zhao 2008 Zhou 2008 Lee 2009 Cheng 2009)

reducing the cardiovascular reflex elicited by toothache which is associated with the adrenergic system (Jung 2006)

increasing the release of adenosine which has antinociceptive properties (Goldman 2010)

modulating the limbic-paralimbic-neocortical network (Hui 2009)

reducing inflammation by promoting release of vascular and immunomodulatory factors (Kavoussi 2007 Zijlstra 2003)

increasing local microcirculation (Komori 2009) which aids dispersal of swelling

British Acupuncture Council

Systematic reviews

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry

Br Dent J 2000 Aug 12189(3)136-40

Rosted P

The use of acupuncture in dentistry a review of the scientific validity of published papers

Oral Dis 1998 Jun4(2)100-4

Rosted P

Temporomandibular Dysfunction

Practical recommendations for the use of acupuncture in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders based on the outcome of published controlled studies

Oral Dis 2001 Mar7(2)109-15

Rosted P

Effectiveness of acupuncture in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders of muscular origin a systematic review of the last decade

La Touche R Angulo-Diacuteaz-Parrentildeo S de-la-Hoz JL Fernaacutendez-CarneroJ Ge HY Linares MT Mesa J Saacutenchez-Gutieacuterrez J J AlternComplement Med 2010 Jan16(1)107-12

Bells Palsy

Physical therapy for Bellrsquos palsy (idiopathic facial paralysis)

Teixeira LJ Valbuza JS Prado GF Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011 Dec 7(12)CD006283

Department of Neurology West China Hospital Sichuan University Wai Nan Guo Xue Xiang 37 Chengdu Sichuan China 610041

Dental painThe effectiveness of acupuncture in treating acute dental pain a systematic reviewErnst E Pittler MH Br Dent J 1998 May 9184(9)443-7

Dry Mouth

Randomized controlled trial of acupuncture for prevention of radiation-induced xerostomia among patients with nasopharyngeal carcinomaMeng Z Garcia MK Hu C Chiang J Chambers M Rosenthal DI Peng H Zhang Y Zhao Q Zhao G Liu L Spelman A Palmer JL Wei Q Cohen LCancer 2012 Jul 1118(13)3337-44 doi 101002cncr26550 Epub 2011 Nov 9

Dental AnxietyAuricular acupuncture effectively reduces state anxiety before dental treatment ndash a randomised controlled trialMichalek-Sauberer A Gusenleitner E Gleiss A Tepper G Deusch EClin Oral Investig 2012 Jan 6 [Epub ahead of print]

Trigeminal NeuralgiaPractical application of meridian acupuncture treatment for trigeminal neuralgiaBeppu S Sato Y Amemiya Y Tode IAnesth Pain Control Dent 1992 Spring1(2)103-8

Post Operative Dental PainAcupuncture treatment of pain dysfunction syndrome after dental extractionRosted P Joslashrgensen VAcupunct Med 2002 Dec20(4)191-2

Thanks to httpbenzappincomacupuncture-in-dentistry

1 Rosted P Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry Br Dent J 2000189(3)136ndash140 [PubMed]

2 Stux G Pomeranz G Scientific Basis of Acupuncture Acupuncture Textbook and Atlas Heidelberg Springer Verlag 1987

3 Lao L Bergman S Langenberg P Wong RH Berman B Efficacy of Chinese acupuncture on postoperative oral surgery pain Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 199579(4)423ndash428[PubMed]

4 Rosted P The use of acupuncture in dentistry A systematic review Acupunct Med 199816(1)43ndash48

5 Wong LB Acupuncture in dentistry Its possible role and application Proc Singapore Healthcare 201221(1)432ndash448

6 Michalek-Sauberer A Heinzl H Sator-Katzenschlager SM Monov G Knolle E Kress HGPerioperative auricular electroacupuncture has no effect on pain and analgesic consumption after third molar tooth extraction Anesth Analg 2007104(3)542ndash547 [PubMed]

7 Ulett GA Han S Han JS Electroacupuncture Mechanisms and clinical application Biol Psychiatr 199844(2)129ndash138 [PubMed]

8 Fang J Jin Z Wang Y et al The salient characteristics of the central effects of acupuncture needling Limbicndashparalimbicndashneocortical network modulation Hum Brain Mapp 200930(4)1196ndash1206 [PubMed]

9 National Institutes of Health (NIH) NIH Consensus Conference Acupuncture JAMA 1998280(17)1518ndash1524 [PubMed]

10 Ernst E Pittler MH The effectiveness of acupuncture in treating acute dental pain A systematic review Br Dent J 1998184(9)443ndash447 [PubMed]

11 Goddard G Albers D Effects of acupuncture at Large Intestine 4 (LI 4) on electrical tooth pulp stimulation A randomized controlled pilot study Med Acupunct 200921(3)167ndash171

12 Chapman CR Chen AC Bonica JJ Effects of intrasegmental electrical acupuncture on dental pain Evaluation by threshold estimation and sensory decision Pain 19773(3)213ndash227 [PubMed]

13 Andersson S Lundeberg T Acupuncturemdashfrom empiricism to science Functional background to [sic] acupuncture effects in pain and disease Med Hypotheses 199545(3)271ndash281 [PubMed]

14 Rosted P Bundgaard M Can acupuncture reduce the induction time of a local anaestheticmdashA pilot study Acupunct Med 200321(3)92ndash99 [PubMed]

15 Simmons MS Oleson TD Auricular electrical stimulation and dental pain threshold Anesth Prog 199340(1)14ndash19 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

16 Tavares MG Machado AP Motta BG Borsatto MC Rosa AL Xavier SP Electro-acupuncture efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar surgery Braz Dent J 200718(2)158ndash162 [PubMed]

17 Lao L Bergman S Hamilton GR Langenberg P Berman B Evaluation of acupuncture for pain control after oral surgery A placebo-controlled trial Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1999125(5)567ndash572 [PubMed]

18 Ribeiro DC Dental Acupuncture A Technique Against Pain 1st ed Satildeo Paulo Iacutecone 2002

19 Kitade T Ohyabu H Analgesic effects of acupuncture on pain after mandibular wisdom tooth extraction Acupunct Electrother Res 200025(2)109ndash115 [PubMed]

20 Ekblom A Hansson P Thomsson M Thomas M Increased postoperative pain and consumption of analgesics following acupuncture Pain 199144(3)241ndash247 [PubMed]

21 Zijlstra FJ van den Berg-de Lange I Huygen FJ Klein J Anti-inflammatory actions of acupuncture Mediators Inflamm 200312(2)59ndash69 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

22 Karst M Winterhalter M Muumlnte S et al Auricular acupuncture for dental anxiety A randomized controlled trial Anesth Analg 2007104(2)295ndash300 [PubMed]

23 Rosted P Bundgaard M Gordon S Pedersen AM Acupuncture in the management of anxiety related to dental treatment A case series Acupunct Med 201028(1)3ndash5 [PubMed]

24 Sari E Sari T The role of acupuncture in the treatment of orthodontic patients with a gagging reflex A pilot study Br Dent J 2010208(10)E19 [PubMed]

25 Rosted P Bundgaard M Fiske J Pedersen AM The use of acupuncture in controlling the gag reflex in patients requiring an upper alginate impression An audit Br Dent J 2006201(11)721ndash725discussion715 [PubMed]

26 List T Acupuncture in the treatment of patients with craniomandibular disorders Comparative longitudinal and methodological studies Swed Dent J Suppl 1992871ndash159 [PubMed]

27 Park J White A Stevinson C Ernst E James M Validating a new non-penetrating sham acupuncture device Two randomised controlled trials Acupunct Med 200220(4)168ndash174 [PubMed]

28 Shen YF Younger J Goddard G Mackey S Randomized clinical trial of acupuncture for myofascial pain of the jaw muscles J OrofacPain 200923(4)353ndash359 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

29 Cho SH Whang WW Acupuncture for temporomandibular disorders A systematic review J Orofac Pain 201024(2)152ndash162 [PubMed]

30 Johnstone PA Peng YP May BC Inouye WS Niemtzow RC Acupuncture for pilocarpine-resistant xerostomia following radiotherapy for head and neck malignancies Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 200150(2)353ndash357 [PubMed]

31 Furness S Bryan G McMillan R Worthington HV Interventions for the management of dry mouth Non-pharmacological interventions Cochrane Database Syst Rev 20138CD009603 [PubMed]

32 Silva SA Acupuncture for the relief of pain of facial and dental origin Anesth Prog 198936(4ndash5)244ndash245 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

33 Chien TJ Liu CY Hsu CH Integrating acupuncture into cancer care J Tradit Complement Med 20133(4)234ndash239 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

34 Liang F Li Y Yu S et al A multicentral randomized control study on clinical acupuncture treatment of Bells palsy J Tradit Chin Med 200626(1)3ndash7 [PubMed]

35 Bensoussan A Systematic review of acupuncture in dental pain Focus Altern Complement Ther 1999415ndash16

36 Pomeranz B Scientific basis of acupuncture In Stux G editor Pomeranz B editor eds Acupuncture Textbook and Atlas Heidelberg Springer-Verlag 19871ndash18

37 Kavoussi B Ross BE The neuroimmune basis of anti-inflammatory acupuncture Integr Cancer Ther 20076(3)251ndash257 [PubMed]

Thanks to httpswwwncbinlmnihgovpmcarticlesPMC4270142

Naik PN Kiran RA Yalamanchal S Kumar VA Goli S Vashist N Acupuncture An Alternative Therapy in Dentistry and Its Possible Applications Medical Acupuncture 201426(6)308-314 doi101089acu20141028

Ann Ital Chir 1995 May-Jun66(3)373-8

[Treatment of trigeminal neuralgia with electroacupuncture Experience with 104

cases]Costantini D Tomasello C Buonopane CE Sances D Marandola M Delogu G

Istituto di Anestesiologia e Rianimazione Universitagrave degli Studi di Roma La

Sapienza

The essential or secondary trigeminal neuralgia is a very frequent and invalidant disease In this forms the medical or surgical conventional therapies are often inadequate In this study we evaluated the effects of the acupunctural therapy on 104 patients (mean age 523 +- 13 years) with idiopathic or secondary trigeminal neuralgia Utilizing cycles of twelve sessions the acupunctural treatment was performed with an electrostimulator on local points and a distance or on aching points in the secondary forms The results was evaluated on the basis of three parameters (reappearance of the symptomatology absence of pain in months and preceding treatments) and was defined using this scale very well well fair and null In conclusion we can say that acupuncture is an elective treatment in all kinds of secondary tregeminalneuralgia while in the idiopathic form its validity is conditioned by preceding medical treatments and by beginning of the disease

Braz Dent J 200718(2)158-62

Electro-acupuncture efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar

surgeryTavares MG Machado AP Motta BG Borsatto MC Rosa AL Xavier SP

Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology School of Dentistry

of Ribeiratildeo Preto University of Sao Paulo Ribeiratildeo Preto SP Brazil

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of electro-acupuncture (EAC) on postoperative pain control after mandibular third molar surgery Twenty four young patients (12 male and 12 female) with symmetrically impacted mandibular third molars were selected Each patient was submitted to two separate surgical procedures under local anesthesia At one side extraction was carried out employing both prior (24h) and immediately postoperative application of EAC while on the contralateral side surgery was carried out without any treatment EAC was applied on 6 bilateral systemic and 2 auricular points with a WQ10Dl appliance using 40-60Hz frequency for 20 min and individually adjusted intensity Postoperative pain intensity was rated on a 100 mm visual analog scale (VAS) between 2 and 72 h and recording the amount of analgesics intake after surgery Statistical analysis was performed using theWilcoxon test Postoperative pain VAS scores were significantly lower for the EAC group (plt005) and analgesic intake decreased (plt005) for all evaluated periods (plt005) Under the tested conditions EAC therapy is efficient was proved controlling postoperative pain following mandibular third molar surgical removal

J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2005 Apr33(2)118-22

Acupuncture analgesia and its application in cranio-maxillofacial surgical

procedures Pohodenko-Chudakova IODepartment of Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery Faculty of Stomatology

Belarussian State Medical University Minsk Belarus ip-cyandexru

PATIENTS AND METHODS Acupuncture analgesia was applied in 120 patients In 20 of these surgery was carried out under general anaesthesia in combination with acupuncture analgesia In 100 patients acupuncture analgesia was applied in addition to traditional postoperative analgesia In case of troublesome postoperative pain it was necessary to carry out additional sessions (1-4) of acupuncture stimulation

RESULTS When acupuncture analgesia was used the pulse rate and blood pressure during surgery generally remained stable In the present study serum cortisol was also measured and showed only minor elevation

CONCLUSION Acupuncture analgesia can be a useful adjunct to conventional anaesthesia in maxillofacial surgery

J Orofac Pain 2009 Fall23(4)353-9

Randomized clinical trial of acupuncture for myofascial pain of the jaw muscles Shen YF Younger J Goddard G Mackey S

Department of oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Center for Orofacial Pain University

of California San Francisco San Francisco CA 94143-0768 USA

METHODS Twenty-eight subjects over the age of 18 and diagnosed with chronic myofascial pain of the jaw muscles were randomized to receive real (n = 16) or sham (n = 12) acupuncture

RESULTS Subjects receiving real acupuncture experienced a significant reduction in jaw pain (P = 04) jawface tightness (P = 04) and neck pain (P = 04) and a significant increase in pain tolerance of the masseter muscle (P = 001) Subjects were not able to determine whether they received real or sham acupuncture (P = 69) No significant pain reductions were observed in the sham acupuncture group

CONCLUSION A single acupuncture session using one acupoint at Hegu large intestine 4 significantly reduced most myofascial pain endpoints when compared to sham acupuncture

MIND BODY ARTICLES

Read some other articles

How Mindfulness Meditation Can Help People With Rheumatoid

Arthritis (huffingtonpostcom)

How Meditation Changes Pain Relieves

Depression (psychologytodaycom)

How Meditation Might Relieve Pain (forbescom)

Neural correlates of pain reduction through

meditation (mindblogdericbowndsnet)

Pain Is No Matter for the Meditative Mind (brainbloggercom)

MIND-BODY Pain Relief Research

Reduced disability secondary to back pain improvements on global and physical health and improved pain levels compared to pre-intervention levels

Morone N Weiner D amp Greco C (2005) Randomized trial of mindfulness meditation in older adults for the treatment of chronic low back pain

- 34 of patients gtgt 33 decrease in pain- 12 of patients gtgt 50 decrease in pain - 44 of patients gtgt decreased analgesic use- 28 of patients gtgt discontinued analgesics

The Clinical Use of Mindfulness Meditation for the Self-Regulation of Chronic Pain Kabat-Zinn J Journal of Behavioral Medicine 1985

Many patients needed less pain medication After fifteen months not only did they suffer less pain but because they suffered less pain they also suffered less from depression and anxiety

WE Mehling KA Hamel M Acree N Byl and FM Hecht Randomized controlled trial of breath therapy for patients with chronic low-back pain Altern Ther Health Med 2005 JulndashAug 11(4)44ndash52

Chronic Pain

Acceptance-based interventions such as mindfulness-based stress reduction program and acceptance and commitment therapy are alternative approaches to cognitive behavioral therapy for treating patients wtih chronic pain In this systematic review and meta-analysis twenty-two studies were included totaling 1235 patients with chronic pain The results suggest that a mindfulness-based stress reduction program and acceptance and commitment therapy can be good alternatives to cognitive behavioral therapy More high-quality studies are needed Acceptance-based therapies have small to medium effects on physical and mental health in chronic pain patients comparable to those of cognitive behavioral therapy

Veehof MM Oskam MJ Schreurs KM Bohlmeijer ET Acceptance-based interventions for the treatment of chronic pain a systematic review and meta-analysis Pain 152(3)533-42 2011

Ten studies were included in this review Mindfulness-based interventions showed non-specific effects for the reduction of pain symptoms and the improvement of depressive symptoms in patients with chronic pain There were also some improvements in psychologic measures related to chronic pain including pain coping Further research in larger studies is warranted

Chiesa A Serretti A Mindfulness-based interventions for chronic pain a systematic review of the evidence Journal of Alternative amp Complementary Medicine 17(1) 83-93 2011

Page 8: ACUPUNCTURE AND FACIAL PAIN - Darcy Nat · (Bensoussan 1999, Rosted 1998, Ernst 1998). Controlled trials have shown that ear acupuncture is as effective as intranasal midazolam in

Physical characteristics

of the Acupuncture points-WHO

Points are corresponds to the high electrical

conductance points on the body surface

High density of gap junctions at the epithelia of the

acupuncture points

Gap junctions are hexagonal proteins that facilitate

intercellular communication and increase electric

conductivity

Research on Acupuncture (as of 2000)

A recent systematic review2 of published literature was able to identify 74

publications concerning the use of acupuncture in dentistry of which 17

reported randomised controlled trials (RCT)8ndash22

Nine of the trials achieved this level of these four investigated TMD and four

the use of acupuncture in post-operative pain management All four trials

covering TMD 912ndash16 showed some benefit comparable to occlusal splint

therapy

Three of the trials on post-operative pain management found acupuncture

effective101117

The other recent review analysed 16 trials of the analgesic effect of

acupuncture and found that the majority of the studies showed some positive

effect1 although the experimental nature of some of the studies made the evaluation of practical use difficult

However in summary it may be stated that where trials are competently

constructed and executed there is a body of scientific evidence supporting the

efficacy of acupuncture within dental practice

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry P Rosted BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL VOLUME 189 NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

Auricular Acupuncture Points

Acupuncture

needling

Acupuncture

pellets

for

extended

use

ACUPUNCTURE MIND-BODY AND SUPPLEMENTS IN MY PRACTICE

Acupuncture

Acupuncture Electro-Acupuncture Magnets Ear Acupuncture

Mind-Body Pain Relief Program

Workbook

Audios Progressive Relaxation Guided Pain Relief Techniques

Dietary Supplements

Herbal Anti-inflammatories

Pain Relief Formulas

Enzymes

Chronic Facial Pain Case History

Pain is the Obstruction of the Flow of Life Force (Qi)

55 year old woman with Oligo-astrocytoma had a surgical resection of the tumor this left her with major inflammation and pain from partial removal of temporalis muscle tissue from the right side of the temple and jaw making chewing excruciating

Treatment Plan Acupuncture treatments 2 x week for 5 weeks 10 treatments

Electro acupuncture was applied to the distal points on pathways that move through the Temro-mandibular joint and face St 44 amp 43 and LI 4 amp 11

Acupuncture GB241TW6 ST4 Per 6 GB2 TW 17 ST3 GB8

Ear Acupuncture Points Shenmen Facial Mandible

Mind-Body Pain Relief 25 minutes 2 x day

Supplements Wobenzyme 2 x 2 day Inflam Ease Herbal Formula

Results Pain Score was reduced from 8 to 2 over a 5 week period

(Patient was also treated concurrently for Chemo induced Nausea very successfully enabling her to complete her course of chemotherapy)

Case History

Temporalis Muscle Trigger Points Acupuncture Points

Conditions to consider integrating Acupuncture

bull Dental pain

bull Dental anxiety and gag reflex

bull Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain or temporomandibular disorder (TMD)

bull TMJ clicking and locking

bull Chronic muscle pain or spasm

bull Atypical facial pain

bull Headache (tension headache migraine)

bull Xerostomia (dry mouth)

bull Nerve pain (neuralgia especially trigeminal neuralgia neuropathic pain nerve injury)

bull Paresthesia or anesthesia of the oral and paraoral structures

Introduction to Acupuncture in DentistryBRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL

ldquoAcupuncture is not a miracle cure and is not going to replace the drill However the technique can be a supplement to conventional treatments in TMDs facial pain pain management Sjoslashegrens syndrome and in phobias and anxietyrdquo

Acupuncture does have a scientific background and the efficacy has been tested in a number of clinical trials including pain management facial pain TMD and increasing of the pain thresholdrdquo

It is concluded that acupuncture could supplement conventional treatment modalities Its value in the treatment of temporomandibular dysfunction syndrome and facial pain has been well documented and supported by randomisedcontrolled trials Although it may be useful in the control of post-operative pain its use as sole analgesia for operative care is questionable The mode of action of acupuncture can be explained with reference to modern neurophysiology

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry P Rosted BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL VOLUME 189 NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

httpwwwexodontiainfofilesBDJ_2000_Acupuncture_-_Introduction_to_Acupuncture_in_Dentistrypdf

Electro-acupuncture (EA)efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar surgeryand Postoperative pain and swelling

Postoperative pain and swelling after third-molar surgery are usually controlled by administering drugs to patients before and after surgery Nonsteroidal anti-inflamatorydrugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used to produce an inhibitory effect on the cyclo-oxygenase enzyme However these drugs are associated with increased bleeding tendency gastric ulcerations and other adverse effects

Tavares et alevaluated the efficacy of EA on postoperative pain control after mandibular third-molar surgery Postoperative pain intensity (rated on a 10-cm visual analogue scale [VAS]) was significantly lower for the EA side and analgesic intake decreased for all evaluated periods The researchers concluded that EA controlled postoperative pain following mandibular third-molar surgical removal

16 Tavares MG Machado AP Motta BG BorsattoMC Rosa AL Xavier SP Electro-acupuncture efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar surgery Braz Dent J 200718(2)158ndash162 [PubMed]

MIND-BODYnothing is 100 in the mind orhellip 100 in the bodyhellip but some mix

between perception and sensation

A report from the Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center states

that ldquomeditation can be more effective than morphine This

is the first study to show that only a little over an hour of

meditation training can dramatically reduce both the

experience of pain and pain-related brain activation

40 per cent reduction in pain intensity and a

57 per cent reduction in pain unpleasantness

Meditation produced a greater reduction in pain than even

morphine or other pain-relieving drugs which typically

reduce pain ratings by about 25 per cent

MIND-BODYThe mind is the most powerful pharmaceutical factory on earth

Studies demonstrate that by doing only 20 minutes-a-day of a Guided Pain Relief Meditation Technique over a five-week period showed significant improvement for

A higher tolerance to pain

Decreased anxiety stress and depression

Increased activity levels

Decreased use of pain-related medications

Increased levels of self-esteem

(Mills 1981 Kabat-Zinn 1985 Harmon 1999)

MIND-BODYGUIDED PAIN RELIEF PROGRAM

Download the Natural Pain Relief Workbook

Pain Evaluation See what your pain score is before you start and then re-take it at the end for some good news

Download the Audios 20 minutes per day

Sweeping the Body Relaxation Week One Awareness technique ldquoSweeping the Bodyrdquo Relaxation

Guided Pain Relief Technique Week Two ldquoSofteningrdquo around the pain technique this is the main technique to practice

Rebalancing the Mind Week Three Balance Technique Re-balancing the Mind

Relaxing into Sleep Will help you relax and fall into a deep restful sleep

Free Access athellip

httpwwwtrue-wellnesscomindexphpprogramsmind-bodypain-relief

This may move to wwwdarcynatcom

Acupuncture Studies

taken from Dentistry

Journals and Papers

Introduction to

acupuncture in

dentistry P Rosted

BRITISH DENTAL

JOURNAL VOLUME 189

NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

Introduction to acupuncture

in dentistry P Rosted BRITISH

DENTAL JOURNAL VOLUME

189 NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry P Rosted BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL VOLUME 189

NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

StudiesStudies

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry P

Rosted BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL

VOLUME 189 NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

Acupuncture in 11 out of 15 studies proved effective in the

treatment of temperomandibular dysfunction (TMD) and as analgesia

The use of acupuncture in dentistry a review of the scientific validity of published paper

Oral Dis 1998 Jun4(2)100-4

(Bensoussan 1999 Rosted 1998 Ernst 1998) Controlled trials have shown that ear acupuncture is as effective as intranasal midazolam in reducing dental anxiety

(Karst 2007) and that acupuncture is more effective than placebo in the prevention of post-operative dental pain

(Lao 1999) and in reducing the gagging reflex

(Sari 2010) Evidence from case series suggests that acupuncture can reduce dental anxiety

(Rosted 2010) and the gagging reflex

(Rosted 2006) and that electroacupuncture can control post-operative pain after wisdom tooth extraction

(Tarares 2007) One controlled study found no effect on the pain threashold of dental pulp

(Goddard 2009)The systematic reviews are now more than 10 years old and up-to-date ones are called for to better evaluate the evidence

In general acupuncture is believed to stimulate the nervous system and cause the release of neurochemical messenger molecules The resulting biochemical changes influence the bodys homeostatic mechanisms thus promoting physical and emotional well-being Stimulation of certain acupuncture points has been shown to affect areas of the brain that are known to reduce sensitivity to pain and stress as well as promoting relaxation and deactivating the analytical brain which is responsible for anxiety (Wu 1999)

Acupuncture may help relieve dental pain by

stimulating nerves located in muscles and other tissues which leads to release of endorphins and other neurohumoral factors (eg neuropeptide Y serotonin) and changes the processing of pain in the brain and spinal cord (Pomeranz 1987 Han 2004 Zhao 2008 Zhou 2008 Lee 2009 Cheng 2009)

reducing the cardiovascular reflex elicited by toothache which is associated with the adrenergic system (Jung 2006)

increasing the release of adenosine which has antinociceptive properties (Goldman 2010)

modulating the limbic-paralimbic-neocortical network (Hui 2009)

reducing inflammation by promoting release of vascular and immunomodulatory factors (Kavoussi 2007 Zijlstra 2003)

increasing local microcirculation (Komori 2009) which aids dispersal of swelling

British Acupuncture Council

Systematic reviews

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry

Br Dent J 2000 Aug 12189(3)136-40

Rosted P

The use of acupuncture in dentistry a review of the scientific validity of published papers

Oral Dis 1998 Jun4(2)100-4

Rosted P

Temporomandibular Dysfunction

Practical recommendations for the use of acupuncture in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders based on the outcome of published controlled studies

Oral Dis 2001 Mar7(2)109-15

Rosted P

Effectiveness of acupuncture in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders of muscular origin a systematic review of the last decade

La Touche R Angulo-Diacuteaz-Parrentildeo S de-la-Hoz JL Fernaacutendez-CarneroJ Ge HY Linares MT Mesa J Saacutenchez-Gutieacuterrez J J AlternComplement Med 2010 Jan16(1)107-12

Bells Palsy

Physical therapy for Bellrsquos palsy (idiopathic facial paralysis)

Teixeira LJ Valbuza JS Prado GF Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011 Dec 7(12)CD006283

Department of Neurology West China Hospital Sichuan University Wai Nan Guo Xue Xiang 37 Chengdu Sichuan China 610041

Dental painThe effectiveness of acupuncture in treating acute dental pain a systematic reviewErnst E Pittler MH Br Dent J 1998 May 9184(9)443-7

Dry Mouth

Randomized controlled trial of acupuncture for prevention of radiation-induced xerostomia among patients with nasopharyngeal carcinomaMeng Z Garcia MK Hu C Chiang J Chambers M Rosenthal DI Peng H Zhang Y Zhao Q Zhao G Liu L Spelman A Palmer JL Wei Q Cohen LCancer 2012 Jul 1118(13)3337-44 doi 101002cncr26550 Epub 2011 Nov 9

Dental AnxietyAuricular acupuncture effectively reduces state anxiety before dental treatment ndash a randomised controlled trialMichalek-Sauberer A Gusenleitner E Gleiss A Tepper G Deusch EClin Oral Investig 2012 Jan 6 [Epub ahead of print]

Trigeminal NeuralgiaPractical application of meridian acupuncture treatment for trigeminal neuralgiaBeppu S Sato Y Amemiya Y Tode IAnesth Pain Control Dent 1992 Spring1(2)103-8

Post Operative Dental PainAcupuncture treatment of pain dysfunction syndrome after dental extractionRosted P Joslashrgensen VAcupunct Med 2002 Dec20(4)191-2

Thanks to httpbenzappincomacupuncture-in-dentistry

1 Rosted P Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry Br Dent J 2000189(3)136ndash140 [PubMed]

2 Stux G Pomeranz G Scientific Basis of Acupuncture Acupuncture Textbook and Atlas Heidelberg Springer Verlag 1987

3 Lao L Bergman S Langenberg P Wong RH Berman B Efficacy of Chinese acupuncture on postoperative oral surgery pain Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 199579(4)423ndash428[PubMed]

4 Rosted P The use of acupuncture in dentistry A systematic review Acupunct Med 199816(1)43ndash48

5 Wong LB Acupuncture in dentistry Its possible role and application Proc Singapore Healthcare 201221(1)432ndash448

6 Michalek-Sauberer A Heinzl H Sator-Katzenschlager SM Monov G Knolle E Kress HGPerioperative auricular electroacupuncture has no effect on pain and analgesic consumption after third molar tooth extraction Anesth Analg 2007104(3)542ndash547 [PubMed]

7 Ulett GA Han S Han JS Electroacupuncture Mechanisms and clinical application Biol Psychiatr 199844(2)129ndash138 [PubMed]

8 Fang J Jin Z Wang Y et al The salient characteristics of the central effects of acupuncture needling Limbicndashparalimbicndashneocortical network modulation Hum Brain Mapp 200930(4)1196ndash1206 [PubMed]

9 National Institutes of Health (NIH) NIH Consensus Conference Acupuncture JAMA 1998280(17)1518ndash1524 [PubMed]

10 Ernst E Pittler MH The effectiveness of acupuncture in treating acute dental pain A systematic review Br Dent J 1998184(9)443ndash447 [PubMed]

11 Goddard G Albers D Effects of acupuncture at Large Intestine 4 (LI 4) on electrical tooth pulp stimulation A randomized controlled pilot study Med Acupunct 200921(3)167ndash171

12 Chapman CR Chen AC Bonica JJ Effects of intrasegmental electrical acupuncture on dental pain Evaluation by threshold estimation and sensory decision Pain 19773(3)213ndash227 [PubMed]

13 Andersson S Lundeberg T Acupuncturemdashfrom empiricism to science Functional background to [sic] acupuncture effects in pain and disease Med Hypotheses 199545(3)271ndash281 [PubMed]

14 Rosted P Bundgaard M Can acupuncture reduce the induction time of a local anaestheticmdashA pilot study Acupunct Med 200321(3)92ndash99 [PubMed]

15 Simmons MS Oleson TD Auricular electrical stimulation and dental pain threshold Anesth Prog 199340(1)14ndash19 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

16 Tavares MG Machado AP Motta BG Borsatto MC Rosa AL Xavier SP Electro-acupuncture efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar surgery Braz Dent J 200718(2)158ndash162 [PubMed]

17 Lao L Bergman S Hamilton GR Langenberg P Berman B Evaluation of acupuncture for pain control after oral surgery A placebo-controlled trial Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1999125(5)567ndash572 [PubMed]

18 Ribeiro DC Dental Acupuncture A Technique Against Pain 1st ed Satildeo Paulo Iacutecone 2002

19 Kitade T Ohyabu H Analgesic effects of acupuncture on pain after mandibular wisdom tooth extraction Acupunct Electrother Res 200025(2)109ndash115 [PubMed]

20 Ekblom A Hansson P Thomsson M Thomas M Increased postoperative pain and consumption of analgesics following acupuncture Pain 199144(3)241ndash247 [PubMed]

21 Zijlstra FJ van den Berg-de Lange I Huygen FJ Klein J Anti-inflammatory actions of acupuncture Mediators Inflamm 200312(2)59ndash69 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

22 Karst M Winterhalter M Muumlnte S et al Auricular acupuncture for dental anxiety A randomized controlled trial Anesth Analg 2007104(2)295ndash300 [PubMed]

23 Rosted P Bundgaard M Gordon S Pedersen AM Acupuncture in the management of anxiety related to dental treatment A case series Acupunct Med 201028(1)3ndash5 [PubMed]

24 Sari E Sari T The role of acupuncture in the treatment of orthodontic patients with a gagging reflex A pilot study Br Dent J 2010208(10)E19 [PubMed]

25 Rosted P Bundgaard M Fiske J Pedersen AM The use of acupuncture in controlling the gag reflex in patients requiring an upper alginate impression An audit Br Dent J 2006201(11)721ndash725discussion715 [PubMed]

26 List T Acupuncture in the treatment of patients with craniomandibular disorders Comparative longitudinal and methodological studies Swed Dent J Suppl 1992871ndash159 [PubMed]

27 Park J White A Stevinson C Ernst E James M Validating a new non-penetrating sham acupuncture device Two randomised controlled trials Acupunct Med 200220(4)168ndash174 [PubMed]

28 Shen YF Younger J Goddard G Mackey S Randomized clinical trial of acupuncture for myofascial pain of the jaw muscles J OrofacPain 200923(4)353ndash359 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

29 Cho SH Whang WW Acupuncture for temporomandibular disorders A systematic review J Orofac Pain 201024(2)152ndash162 [PubMed]

30 Johnstone PA Peng YP May BC Inouye WS Niemtzow RC Acupuncture for pilocarpine-resistant xerostomia following radiotherapy for head and neck malignancies Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 200150(2)353ndash357 [PubMed]

31 Furness S Bryan G McMillan R Worthington HV Interventions for the management of dry mouth Non-pharmacological interventions Cochrane Database Syst Rev 20138CD009603 [PubMed]

32 Silva SA Acupuncture for the relief of pain of facial and dental origin Anesth Prog 198936(4ndash5)244ndash245 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

33 Chien TJ Liu CY Hsu CH Integrating acupuncture into cancer care J Tradit Complement Med 20133(4)234ndash239 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

34 Liang F Li Y Yu S et al A multicentral randomized control study on clinical acupuncture treatment of Bells palsy J Tradit Chin Med 200626(1)3ndash7 [PubMed]

35 Bensoussan A Systematic review of acupuncture in dental pain Focus Altern Complement Ther 1999415ndash16

36 Pomeranz B Scientific basis of acupuncture In Stux G editor Pomeranz B editor eds Acupuncture Textbook and Atlas Heidelberg Springer-Verlag 19871ndash18

37 Kavoussi B Ross BE The neuroimmune basis of anti-inflammatory acupuncture Integr Cancer Ther 20076(3)251ndash257 [PubMed]

Thanks to httpswwwncbinlmnihgovpmcarticlesPMC4270142

Naik PN Kiran RA Yalamanchal S Kumar VA Goli S Vashist N Acupuncture An Alternative Therapy in Dentistry and Its Possible Applications Medical Acupuncture 201426(6)308-314 doi101089acu20141028

Ann Ital Chir 1995 May-Jun66(3)373-8

[Treatment of trigeminal neuralgia with electroacupuncture Experience with 104

cases]Costantini D Tomasello C Buonopane CE Sances D Marandola M Delogu G

Istituto di Anestesiologia e Rianimazione Universitagrave degli Studi di Roma La

Sapienza

The essential or secondary trigeminal neuralgia is a very frequent and invalidant disease In this forms the medical or surgical conventional therapies are often inadequate In this study we evaluated the effects of the acupunctural therapy on 104 patients (mean age 523 +- 13 years) with idiopathic or secondary trigeminal neuralgia Utilizing cycles of twelve sessions the acupunctural treatment was performed with an electrostimulator on local points and a distance or on aching points in the secondary forms The results was evaluated on the basis of three parameters (reappearance of the symptomatology absence of pain in months and preceding treatments) and was defined using this scale very well well fair and null In conclusion we can say that acupuncture is an elective treatment in all kinds of secondary tregeminalneuralgia while in the idiopathic form its validity is conditioned by preceding medical treatments and by beginning of the disease

Braz Dent J 200718(2)158-62

Electro-acupuncture efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar

surgeryTavares MG Machado AP Motta BG Borsatto MC Rosa AL Xavier SP

Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology School of Dentistry

of Ribeiratildeo Preto University of Sao Paulo Ribeiratildeo Preto SP Brazil

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of electro-acupuncture (EAC) on postoperative pain control after mandibular third molar surgery Twenty four young patients (12 male and 12 female) with symmetrically impacted mandibular third molars were selected Each patient was submitted to two separate surgical procedures under local anesthesia At one side extraction was carried out employing both prior (24h) and immediately postoperative application of EAC while on the contralateral side surgery was carried out without any treatment EAC was applied on 6 bilateral systemic and 2 auricular points with a WQ10Dl appliance using 40-60Hz frequency for 20 min and individually adjusted intensity Postoperative pain intensity was rated on a 100 mm visual analog scale (VAS) between 2 and 72 h and recording the amount of analgesics intake after surgery Statistical analysis was performed using theWilcoxon test Postoperative pain VAS scores were significantly lower for the EAC group (plt005) and analgesic intake decreased (plt005) for all evaluated periods (plt005) Under the tested conditions EAC therapy is efficient was proved controlling postoperative pain following mandibular third molar surgical removal

J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2005 Apr33(2)118-22

Acupuncture analgesia and its application in cranio-maxillofacial surgical

procedures Pohodenko-Chudakova IODepartment of Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery Faculty of Stomatology

Belarussian State Medical University Minsk Belarus ip-cyandexru

PATIENTS AND METHODS Acupuncture analgesia was applied in 120 patients In 20 of these surgery was carried out under general anaesthesia in combination with acupuncture analgesia In 100 patients acupuncture analgesia was applied in addition to traditional postoperative analgesia In case of troublesome postoperative pain it was necessary to carry out additional sessions (1-4) of acupuncture stimulation

RESULTS When acupuncture analgesia was used the pulse rate and blood pressure during surgery generally remained stable In the present study serum cortisol was also measured and showed only minor elevation

CONCLUSION Acupuncture analgesia can be a useful adjunct to conventional anaesthesia in maxillofacial surgery

J Orofac Pain 2009 Fall23(4)353-9

Randomized clinical trial of acupuncture for myofascial pain of the jaw muscles Shen YF Younger J Goddard G Mackey S

Department of oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Center for Orofacial Pain University

of California San Francisco San Francisco CA 94143-0768 USA

METHODS Twenty-eight subjects over the age of 18 and diagnosed with chronic myofascial pain of the jaw muscles were randomized to receive real (n = 16) or sham (n = 12) acupuncture

RESULTS Subjects receiving real acupuncture experienced a significant reduction in jaw pain (P = 04) jawface tightness (P = 04) and neck pain (P = 04) and a significant increase in pain tolerance of the masseter muscle (P = 001) Subjects were not able to determine whether they received real or sham acupuncture (P = 69) No significant pain reductions were observed in the sham acupuncture group

CONCLUSION A single acupuncture session using one acupoint at Hegu large intestine 4 significantly reduced most myofascial pain endpoints when compared to sham acupuncture

MIND BODY ARTICLES

Read some other articles

How Mindfulness Meditation Can Help People With Rheumatoid

Arthritis (huffingtonpostcom)

How Meditation Changes Pain Relieves

Depression (psychologytodaycom)

How Meditation Might Relieve Pain (forbescom)

Neural correlates of pain reduction through

meditation (mindblogdericbowndsnet)

Pain Is No Matter for the Meditative Mind (brainbloggercom)

MIND-BODY Pain Relief Research

Reduced disability secondary to back pain improvements on global and physical health and improved pain levels compared to pre-intervention levels

Morone N Weiner D amp Greco C (2005) Randomized trial of mindfulness meditation in older adults for the treatment of chronic low back pain

- 34 of patients gtgt 33 decrease in pain- 12 of patients gtgt 50 decrease in pain - 44 of patients gtgt decreased analgesic use- 28 of patients gtgt discontinued analgesics

The Clinical Use of Mindfulness Meditation for the Self-Regulation of Chronic Pain Kabat-Zinn J Journal of Behavioral Medicine 1985

Many patients needed less pain medication After fifteen months not only did they suffer less pain but because they suffered less pain they also suffered less from depression and anxiety

WE Mehling KA Hamel M Acree N Byl and FM Hecht Randomized controlled trial of breath therapy for patients with chronic low-back pain Altern Ther Health Med 2005 JulndashAug 11(4)44ndash52

Chronic Pain

Acceptance-based interventions such as mindfulness-based stress reduction program and acceptance and commitment therapy are alternative approaches to cognitive behavioral therapy for treating patients wtih chronic pain In this systematic review and meta-analysis twenty-two studies were included totaling 1235 patients with chronic pain The results suggest that a mindfulness-based stress reduction program and acceptance and commitment therapy can be good alternatives to cognitive behavioral therapy More high-quality studies are needed Acceptance-based therapies have small to medium effects on physical and mental health in chronic pain patients comparable to those of cognitive behavioral therapy

Veehof MM Oskam MJ Schreurs KM Bohlmeijer ET Acceptance-based interventions for the treatment of chronic pain a systematic review and meta-analysis Pain 152(3)533-42 2011

Ten studies were included in this review Mindfulness-based interventions showed non-specific effects for the reduction of pain symptoms and the improvement of depressive symptoms in patients with chronic pain There were also some improvements in psychologic measures related to chronic pain including pain coping Further research in larger studies is warranted

Chiesa A Serretti A Mindfulness-based interventions for chronic pain a systematic review of the evidence Journal of Alternative amp Complementary Medicine 17(1) 83-93 2011

Page 9: ACUPUNCTURE AND FACIAL PAIN - Darcy Nat · (Bensoussan 1999, Rosted 1998, Ernst 1998). Controlled trials have shown that ear acupuncture is as effective as intranasal midazolam in

Research on Acupuncture (as of 2000)

A recent systematic review2 of published literature was able to identify 74

publications concerning the use of acupuncture in dentistry of which 17

reported randomised controlled trials (RCT)8ndash22

Nine of the trials achieved this level of these four investigated TMD and four

the use of acupuncture in post-operative pain management All four trials

covering TMD 912ndash16 showed some benefit comparable to occlusal splint

therapy

Three of the trials on post-operative pain management found acupuncture

effective101117

The other recent review analysed 16 trials of the analgesic effect of

acupuncture and found that the majority of the studies showed some positive

effect1 although the experimental nature of some of the studies made the evaluation of practical use difficult

However in summary it may be stated that where trials are competently

constructed and executed there is a body of scientific evidence supporting the

efficacy of acupuncture within dental practice

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry P Rosted BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL VOLUME 189 NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

Auricular Acupuncture Points

Acupuncture

needling

Acupuncture

pellets

for

extended

use

ACUPUNCTURE MIND-BODY AND SUPPLEMENTS IN MY PRACTICE

Acupuncture

Acupuncture Electro-Acupuncture Magnets Ear Acupuncture

Mind-Body Pain Relief Program

Workbook

Audios Progressive Relaxation Guided Pain Relief Techniques

Dietary Supplements

Herbal Anti-inflammatories

Pain Relief Formulas

Enzymes

Chronic Facial Pain Case History

Pain is the Obstruction of the Flow of Life Force (Qi)

55 year old woman with Oligo-astrocytoma had a surgical resection of the tumor this left her with major inflammation and pain from partial removal of temporalis muscle tissue from the right side of the temple and jaw making chewing excruciating

Treatment Plan Acupuncture treatments 2 x week for 5 weeks 10 treatments

Electro acupuncture was applied to the distal points on pathways that move through the Temro-mandibular joint and face St 44 amp 43 and LI 4 amp 11

Acupuncture GB241TW6 ST4 Per 6 GB2 TW 17 ST3 GB8

Ear Acupuncture Points Shenmen Facial Mandible

Mind-Body Pain Relief 25 minutes 2 x day

Supplements Wobenzyme 2 x 2 day Inflam Ease Herbal Formula

Results Pain Score was reduced from 8 to 2 over a 5 week period

(Patient was also treated concurrently for Chemo induced Nausea very successfully enabling her to complete her course of chemotherapy)

Case History

Temporalis Muscle Trigger Points Acupuncture Points

Conditions to consider integrating Acupuncture

bull Dental pain

bull Dental anxiety and gag reflex

bull Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain or temporomandibular disorder (TMD)

bull TMJ clicking and locking

bull Chronic muscle pain or spasm

bull Atypical facial pain

bull Headache (tension headache migraine)

bull Xerostomia (dry mouth)

bull Nerve pain (neuralgia especially trigeminal neuralgia neuropathic pain nerve injury)

bull Paresthesia or anesthesia of the oral and paraoral structures

Introduction to Acupuncture in DentistryBRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL

ldquoAcupuncture is not a miracle cure and is not going to replace the drill However the technique can be a supplement to conventional treatments in TMDs facial pain pain management Sjoslashegrens syndrome and in phobias and anxietyrdquo

Acupuncture does have a scientific background and the efficacy has been tested in a number of clinical trials including pain management facial pain TMD and increasing of the pain thresholdrdquo

It is concluded that acupuncture could supplement conventional treatment modalities Its value in the treatment of temporomandibular dysfunction syndrome and facial pain has been well documented and supported by randomisedcontrolled trials Although it may be useful in the control of post-operative pain its use as sole analgesia for operative care is questionable The mode of action of acupuncture can be explained with reference to modern neurophysiology

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry P Rosted BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL VOLUME 189 NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

httpwwwexodontiainfofilesBDJ_2000_Acupuncture_-_Introduction_to_Acupuncture_in_Dentistrypdf

Electro-acupuncture (EA)efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar surgeryand Postoperative pain and swelling

Postoperative pain and swelling after third-molar surgery are usually controlled by administering drugs to patients before and after surgery Nonsteroidal anti-inflamatorydrugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used to produce an inhibitory effect on the cyclo-oxygenase enzyme However these drugs are associated with increased bleeding tendency gastric ulcerations and other adverse effects

Tavares et alevaluated the efficacy of EA on postoperative pain control after mandibular third-molar surgery Postoperative pain intensity (rated on a 10-cm visual analogue scale [VAS]) was significantly lower for the EA side and analgesic intake decreased for all evaluated periods The researchers concluded that EA controlled postoperative pain following mandibular third-molar surgical removal

16 Tavares MG Machado AP Motta BG BorsattoMC Rosa AL Xavier SP Electro-acupuncture efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar surgery Braz Dent J 200718(2)158ndash162 [PubMed]

MIND-BODYnothing is 100 in the mind orhellip 100 in the bodyhellip but some mix

between perception and sensation

A report from the Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center states

that ldquomeditation can be more effective than morphine This

is the first study to show that only a little over an hour of

meditation training can dramatically reduce both the

experience of pain and pain-related brain activation

40 per cent reduction in pain intensity and a

57 per cent reduction in pain unpleasantness

Meditation produced a greater reduction in pain than even

morphine or other pain-relieving drugs which typically

reduce pain ratings by about 25 per cent

MIND-BODYThe mind is the most powerful pharmaceutical factory on earth

Studies demonstrate that by doing only 20 minutes-a-day of a Guided Pain Relief Meditation Technique over a five-week period showed significant improvement for

A higher tolerance to pain

Decreased anxiety stress and depression

Increased activity levels

Decreased use of pain-related medications

Increased levels of self-esteem

(Mills 1981 Kabat-Zinn 1985 Harmon 1999)

MIND-BODYGUIDED PAIN RELIEF PROGRAM

Download the Natural Pain Relief Workbook

Pain Evaluation See what your pain score is before you start and then re-take it at the end for some good news

Download the Audios 20 minutes per day

Sweeping the Body Relaxation Week One Awareness technique ldquoSweeping the Bodyrdquo Relaxation

Guided Pain Relief Technique Week Two ldquoSofteningrdquo around the pain technique this is the main technique to practice

Rebalancing the Mind Week Three Balance Technique Re-balancing the Mind

Relaxing into Sleep Will help you relax and fall into a deep restful sleep

Free Access athellip

httpwwwtrue-wellnesscomindexphpprogramsmind-bodypain-relief

This may move to wwwdarcynatcom

Acupuncture Studies

taken from Dentistry

Journals and Papers

Introduction to

acupuncture in

dentistry P Rosted

BRITISH DENTAL

JOURNAL VOLUME 189

NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

Introduction to acupuncture

in dentistry P Rosted BRITISH

DENTAL JOURNAL VOLUME

189 NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry P Rosted BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL VOLUME 189

NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

StudiesStudies

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry P

Rosted BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL

VOLUME 189 NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

Acupuncture in 11 out of 15 studies proved effective in the

treatment of temperomandibular dysfunction (TMD) and as analgesia

The use of acupuncture in dentistry a review of the scientific validity of published paper

Oral Dis 1998 Jun4(2)100-4

(Bensoussan 1999 Rosted 1998 Ernst 1998) Controlled trials have shown that ear acupuncture is as effective as intranasal midazolam in reducing dental anxiety

(Karst 2007) and that acupuncture is more effective than placebo in the prevention of post-operative dental pain

(Lao 1999) and in reducing the gagging reflex

(Sari 2010) Evidence from case series suggests that acupuncture can reduce dental anxiety

(Rosted 2010) and the gagging reflex

(Rosted 2006) and that electroacupuncture can control post-operative pain after wisdom tooth extraction

(Tarares 2007) One controlled study found no effect on the pain threashold of dental pulp

(Goddard 2009)The systematic reviews are now more than 10 years old and up-to-date ones are called for to better evaluate the evidence

In general acupuncture is believed to stimulate the nervous system and cause the release of neurochemical messenger molecules The resulting biochemical changes influence the bodys homeostatic mechanisms thus promoting physical and emotional well-being Stimulation of certain acupuncture points has been shown to affect areas of the brain that are known to reduce sensitivity to pain and stress as well as promoting relaxation and deactivating the analytical brain which is responsible for anxiety (Wu 1999)

Acupuncture may help relieve dental pain by

stimulating nerves located in muscles and other tissues which leads to release of endorphins and other neurohumoral factors (eg neuropeptide Y serotonin) and changes the processing of pain in the brain and spinal cord (Pomeranz 1987 Han 2004 Zhao 2008 Zhou 2008 Lee 2009 Cheng 2009)

reducing the cardiovascular reflex elicited by toothache which is associated with the adrenergic system (Jung 2006)

increasing the release of adenosine which has antinociceptive properties (Goldman 2010)

modulating the limbic-paralimbic-neocortical network (Hui 2009)

reducing inflammation by promoting release of vascular and immunomodulatory factors (Kavoussi 2007 Zijlstra 2003)

increasing local microcirculation (Komori 2009) which aids dispersal of swelling

British Acupuncture Council

Systematic reviews

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry

Br Dent J 2000 Aug 12189(3)136-40

Rosted P

The use of acupuncture in dentistry a review of the scientific validity of published papers

Oral Dis 1998 Jun4(2)100-4

Rosted P

Temporomandibular Dysfunction

Practical recommendations for the use of acupuncture in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders based on the outcome of published controlled studies

Oral Dis 2001 Mar7(2)109-15

Rosted P

Effectiveness of acupuncture in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders of muscular origin a systematic review of the last decade

La Touche R Angulo-Diacuteaz-Parrentildeo S de-la-Hoz JL Fernaacutendez-CarneroJ Ge HY Linares MT Mesa J Saacutenchez-Gutieacuterrez J J AlternComplement Med 2010 Jan16(1)107-12

Bells Palsy

Physical therapy for Bellrsquos palsy (idiopathic facial paralysis)

Teixeira LJ Valbuza JS Prado GF Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011 Dec 7(12)CD006283

Department of Neurology West China Hospital Sichuan University Wai Nan Guo Xue Xiang 37 Chengdu Sichuan China 610041

Dental painThe effectiveness of acupuncture in treating acute dental pain a systematic reviewErnst E Pittler MH Br Dent J 1998 May 9184(9)443-7

Dry Mouth

Randomized controlled trial of acupuncture for prevention of radiation-induced xerostomia among patients with nasopharyngeal carcinomaMeng Z Garcia MK Hu C Chiang J Chambers M Rosenthal DI Peng H Zhang Y Zhao Q Zhao G Liu L Spelman A Palmer JL Wei Q Cohen LCancer 2012 Jul 1118(13)3337-44 doi 101002cncr26550 Epub 2011 Nov 9

Dental AnxietyAuricular acupuncture effectively reduces state anxiety before dental treatment ndash a randomised controlled trialMichalek-Sauberer A Gusenleitner E Gleiss A Tepper G Deusch EClin Oral Investig 2012 Jan 6 [Epub ahead of print]

Trigeminal NeuralgiaPractical application of meridian acupuncture treatment for trigeminal neuralgiaBeppu S Sato Y Amemiya Y Tode IAnesth Pain Control Dent 1992 Spring1(2)103-8

Post Operative Dental PainAcupuncture treatment of pain dysfunction syndrome after dental extractionRosted P Joslashrgensen VAcupunct Med 2002 Dec20(4)191-2

Thanks to httpbenzappincomacupuncture-in-dentistry

1 Rosted P Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry Br Dent J 2000189(3)136ndash140 [PubMed]

2 Stux G Pomeranz G Scientific Basis of Acupuncture Acupuncture Textbook and Atlas Heidelberg Springer Verlag 1987

3 Lao L Bergman S Langenberg P Wong RH Berman B Efficacy of Chinese acupuncture on postoperative oral surgery pain Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 199579(4)423ndash428[PubMed]

4 Rosted P The use of acupuncture in dentistry A systematic review Acupunct Med 199816(1)43ndash48

5 Wong LB Acupuncture in dentistry Its possible role and application Proc Singapore Healthcare 201221(1)432ndash448

6 Michalek-Sauberer A Heinzl H Sator-Katzenschlager SM Monov G Knolle E Kress HGPerioperative auricular electroacupuncture has no effect on pain and analgesic consumption after third molar tooth extraction Anesth Analg 2007104(3)542ndash547 [PubMed]

7 Ulett GA Han S Han JS Electroacupuncture Mechanisms and clinical application Biol Psychiatr 199844(2)129ndash138 [PubMed]

8 Fang J Jin Z Wang Y et al The salient characteristics of the central effects of acupuncture needling Limbicndashparalimbicndashneocortical network modulation Hum Brain Mapp 200930(4)1196ndash1206 [PubMed]

9 National Institutes of Health (NIH) NIH Consensus Conference Acupuncture JAMA 1998280(17)1518ndash1524 [PubMed]

10 Ernst E Pittler MH The effectiveness of acupuncture in treating acute dental pain A systematic review Br Dent J 1998184(9)443ndash447 [PubMed]

11 Goddard G Albers D Effects of acupuncture at Large Intestine 4 (LI 4) on electrical tooth pulp stimulation A randomized controlled pilot study Med Acupunct 200921(3)167ndash171

12 Chapman CR Chen AC Bonica JJ Effects of intrasegmental electrical acupuncture on dental pain Evaluation by threshold estimation and sensory decision Pain 19773(3)213ndash227 [PubMed]

13 Andersson S Lundeberg T Acupuncturemdashfrom empiricism to science Functional background to [sic] acupuncture effects in pain and disease Med Hypotheses 199545(3)271ndash281 [PubMed]

14 Rosted P Bundgaard M Can acupuncture reduce the induction time of a local anaestheticmdashA pilot study Acupunct Med 200321(3)92ndash99 [PubMed]

15 Simmons MS Oleson TD Auricular electrical stimulation and dental pain threshold Anesth Prog 199340(1)14ndash19 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

16 Tavares MG Machado AP Motta BG Borsatto MC Rosa AL Xavier SP Electro-acupuncture efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar surgery Braz Dent J 200718(2)158ndash162 [PubMed]

17 Lao L Bergman S Hamilton GR Langenberg P Berman B Evaluation of acupuncture for pain control after oral surgery A placebo-controlled trial Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1999125(5)567ndash572 [PubMed]

18 Ribeiro DC Dental Acupuncture A Technique Against Pain 1st ed Satildeo Paulo Iacutecone 2002

19 Kitade T Ohyabu H Analgesic effects of acupuncture on pain after mandibular wisdom tooth extraction Acupunct Electrother Res 200025(2)109ndash115 [PubMed]

20 Ekblom A Hansson P Thomsson M Thomas M Increased postoperative pain and consumption of analgesics following acupuncture Pain 199144(3)241ndash247 [PubMed]

21 Zijlstra FJ van den Berg-de Lange I Huygen FJ Klein J Anti-inflammatory actions of acupuncture Mediators Inflamm 200312(2)59ndash69 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

22 Karst M Winterhalter M Muumlnte S et al Auricular acupuncture for dental anxiety A randomized controlled trial Anesth Analg 2007104(2)295ndash300 [PubMed]

23 Rosted P Bundgaard M Gordon S Pedersen AM Acupuncture in the management of anxiety related to dental treatment A case series Acupunct Med 201028(1)3ndash5 [PubMed]

24 Sari E Sari T The role of acupuncture in the treatment of orthodontic patients with a gagging reflex A pilot study Br Dent J 2010208(10)E19 [PubMed]

25 Rosted P Bundgaard M Fiske J Pedersen AM The use of acupuncture in controlling the gag reflex in patients requiring an upper alginate impression An audit Br Dent J 2006201(11)721ndash725discussion715 [PubMed]

26 List T Acupuncture in the treatment of patients with craniomandibular disorders Comparative longitudinal and methodological studies Swed Dent J Suppl 1992871ndash159 [PubMed]

27 Park J White A Stevinson C Ernst E James M Validating a new non-penetrating sham acupuncture device Two randomised controlled trials Acupunct Med 200220(4)168ndash174 [PubMed]

28 Shen YF Younger J Goddard G Mackey S Randomized clinical trial of acupuncture for myofascial pain of the jaw muscles J OrofacPain 200923(4)353ndash359 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

29 Cho SH Whang WW Acupuncture for temporomandibular disorders A systematic review J Orofac Pain 201024(2)152ndash162 [PubMed]

30 Johnstone PA Peng YP May BC Inouye WS Niemtzow RC Acupuncture for pilocarpine-resistant xerostomia following radiotherapy for head and neck malignancies Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 200150(2)353ndash357 [PubMed]

31 Furness S Bryan G McMillan R Worthington HV Interventions for the management of dry mouth Non-pharmacological interventions Cochrane Database Syst Rev 20138CD009603 [PubMed]

32 Silva SA Acupuncture for the relief of pain of facial and dental origin Anesth Prog 198936(4ndash5)244ndash245 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

33 Chien TJ Liu CY Hsu CH Integrating acupuncture into cancer care J Tradit Complement Med 20133(4)234ndash239 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

34 Liang F Li Y Yu S et al A multicentral randomized control study on clinical acupuncture treatment of Bells palsy J Tradit Chin Med 200626(1)3ndash7 [PubMed]

35 Bensoussan A Systematic review of acupuncture in dental pain Focus Altern Complement Ther 1999415ndash16

36 Pomeranz B Scientific basis of acupuncture In Stux G editor Pomeranz B editor eds Acupuncture Textbook and Atlas Heidelberg Springer-Verlag 19871ndash18

37 Kavoussi B Ross BE The neuroimmune basis of anti-inflammatory acupuncture Integr Cancer Ther 20076(3)251ndash257 [PubMed]

Thanks to httpswwwncbinlmnihgovpmcarticlesPMC4270142

Naik PN Kiran RA Yalamanchal S Kumar VA Goli S Vashist N Acupuncture An Alternative Therapy in Dentistry and Its Possible Applications Medical Acupuncture 201426(6)308-314 doi101089acu20141028

Ann Ital Chir 1995 May-Jun66(3)373-8

[Treatment of trigeminal neuralgia with electroacupuncture Experience with 104

cases]Costantini D Tomasello C Buonopane CE Sances D Marandola M Delogu G

Istituto di Anestesiologia e Rianimazione Universitagrave degli Studi di Roma La

Sapienza

The essential or secondary trigeminal neuralgia is a very frequent and invalidant disease In this forms the medical or surgical conventional therapies are often inadequate In this study we evaluated the effects of the acupunctural therapy on 104 patients (mean age 523 +- 13 years) with idiopathic or secondary trigeminal neuralgia Utilizing cycles of twelve sessions the acupunctural treatment was performed with an electrostimulator on local points and a distance or on aching points in the secondary forms The results was evaluated on the basis of three parameters (reappearance of the symptomatology absence of pain in months and preceding treatments) and was defined using this scale very well well fair and null In conclusion we can say that acupuncture is an elective treatment in all kinds of secondary tregeminalneuralgia while in the idiopathic form its validity is conditioned by preceding medical treatments and by beginning of the disease

Braz Dent J 200718(2)158-62

Electro-acupuncture efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar

surgeryTavares MG Machado AP Motta BG Borsatto MC Rosa AL Xavier SP

Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology School of Dentistry

of Ribeiratildeo Preto University of Sao Paulo Ribeiratildeo Preto SP Brazil

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of electro-acupuncture (EAC) on postoperative pain control after mandibular third molar surgery Twenty four young patients (12 male and 12 female) with symmetrically impacted mandibular third molars were selected Each patient was submitted to two separate surgical procedures under local anesthesia At one side extraction was carried out employing both prior (24h) and immediately postoperative application of EAC while on the contralateral side surgery was carried out without any treatment EAC was applied on 6 bilateral systemic and 2 auricular points with a WQ10Dl appliance using 40-60Hz frequency for 20 min and individually adjusted intensity Postoperative pain intensity was rated on a 100 mm visual analog scale (VAS) between 2 and 72 h and recording the amount of analgesics intake after surgery Statistical analysis was performed using theWilcoxon test Postoperative pain VAS scores were significantly lower for the EAC group (plt005) and analgesic intake decreased (plt005) for all evaluated periods (plt005) Under the tested conditions EAC therapy is efficient was proved controlling postoperative pain following mandibular third molar surgical removal

J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2005 Apr33(2)118-22

Acupuncture analgesia and its application in cranio-maxillofacial surgical

procedures Pohodenko-Chudakova IODepartment of Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery Faculty of Stomatology

Belarussian State Medical University Minsk Belarus ip-cyandexru

PATIENTS AND METHODS Acupuncture analgesia was applied in 120 patients In 20 of these surgery was carried out under general anaesthesia in combination with acupuncture analgesia In 100 patients acupuncture analgesia was applied in addition to traditional postoperative analgesia In case of troublesome postoperative pain it was necessary to carry out additional sessions (1-4) of acupuncture stimulation

RESULTS When acupuncture analgesia was used the pulse rate and blood pressure during surgery generally remained stable In the present study serum cortisol was also measured and showed only minor elevation

CONCLUSION Acupuncture analgesia can be a useful adjunct to conventional anaesthesia in maxillofacial surgery

J Orofac Pain 2009 Fall23(4)353-9

Randomized clinical trial of acupuncture for myofascial pain of the jaw muscles Shen YF Younger J Goddard G Mackey S

Department of oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Center for Orofacial Pain University

of California San Francisco San Francisco CA 94143-0768 USA

METHODS Twenty-eight subjects over the age of 18 and diagnosed with chronic myofascial pain of the jaw muscles were randomized to receive real (n = 16) or sham (n = 12) acupuncture

RESULTS Subjects receiving real acupuncture experienced a significant reduction in jaw pain (P = 04) jawface tightness (P = 04) and neck pain (P = 04) and a significant increase in pain tolerance of the masseter muscle (P = 001) Subjects were not able to determine whether they received real or sham acupuncture (P = 69) No significant pain reductions were observed in the sham acupuncture group

CONCLUSION A single acupuncture session using one acupoint at Hegu large intestine 4 significantly reduced most myofascial pain endpoints when compared to sham acupuncture

MIND BODY ARTICLES

Read some other articles

How Mindfulness Meditation Can Help People With Rheumatoid

Arthritis (huffingtonpostcom)

How Meditation Changes Pain Relieves

Depression (psychologytodaycom)

How Meditation Might Relieve Pain (forbescom)

Neural correlates of pain reduction through

meditation (mindblogdericbowndsnet)

Pain Is No Matter for the Meditative Mind (brainbloggercom)

MIND-BODY Pain Relief Research

Reduced disability secondary to back pain improvements on global and physical health and improved pain levels compared to pre-intervention levels

Morone N Weiner D amp Greco C (2005) Randomized trial of mindfulness meditation in older adults for the treatment of chronic low back pain

- 34 of patients gtgt 33 decrease in pain- 12 of patients gtgt 50 decrease in pain - 44 of patients gtgt decreased analgesic use- 28 of patients gtgt discontinued analgesics

The Clinical Use of Mindfulness Meditation for the Self-Regulation of Chronic Pain Kabat-Zinn J Journal of Behavioral Medicine 1985

Many patients needed less pain medication After fifteen months not only did they suffer less pain but because they suffered less pain they also suffered less from depression and anxiety

WE Mehling KA Hamel M Acree N Byl and FM Hecht Randomized controlled trial of breath therapy for patients with chronic low-back pain Altern Ther Health Med 2005 JulndashAug 11(4)44ndash52

Chronic Pain

Acceptance-based interventions such as mindfulness-based stress reduction program and acceptance and commitment therapy are alternative approaches to cognitive behavioral therapy for treating patients wtih chronic pain In this systematic review and meta-analysis twenty-two studies were included totaling 1235 patients with chronic pain The results suggest that a mindfulness-based stress reduction program and acceptance and commitment therapy can be good alternatives to cognitive behavioral therapy More high-quality studies are needed Acceptance-based therapies have small to medium effects on physical and mental health in chronic pain patients comparable to those of cognitive behavioral therapy

Veehof MM Oskam MJ Schreurs KM Bohlmeijer ET Acceptance-based interventions for the treatment of chronic pain a systematic review and meta-analysis Pain 152(3)533-42 2011

Ten studies were included in this review Mindfulness-based interventions showed non-specific effects for the reduction of pain symptoms and the improvement of depressive symptoms in patients with chronic pain There were also some improvements in psychologic measures related to chronic pain including pain coping Further research in larger studies is warranted

Chiesa A Serretti A Mindfulness-based interventions for chronic pain a systematic review of the evidence Journal of Alternative amp Complementary Medicine 17(1) 83-93 2011

Page 10: ACUPUNCTURE AND FACIAL PAIN - Darcy Nat · (Bensoussan 1999, Rosted 1998, Ernst 1998). Controlled trials have shown that ear acupuncture is as effective as intranasal midazolam in

Auricular Acupuncture Points

Acupuncture

needling

Acupuncture

pellets

for

extended

use

ACUPUNCTURE MIND-BODY AND SUPPLEMENTS IN MY PRACTICE

Acupuncture

Acupuncture Electro-Acupuncture Magnets Ear Acupuncture

Mind-Body Pain Relief Program

Workbook

Audios Progressive Relaxation Guided Pain Relief Techniques

Dietary Supplements

Herbal Anti-inflammatories

Pain Relief Formulas

Enzymes

Chronic Facial Pain Case History

Pain is the Obstruction of the Flow of Life Force (Qi)

55 year old woman with Oligo-astrocytoma had a surgical resection of the tumor this left her with major inflammation and pain from partial removal of temporalis muscle tissue from the right side of the temple and jaw making chewing excruciating

Treatment Plan Acupuncture treatments 2 x week for 5 weeks 10 treatments

Electro acupuncture was applied to the distal points on pathways that move through the Temro-mandibular joint and face St 44 amp 43 and LI 4 amp 11

Acupuncture GB241TW6 ST4 Per 6 GB2 TW 17 ST3 GB8

Ear Acupuncture Points Shenmen Facial Mandible

Mind-Body Pain Relief 25 minutes 2 x day

Supplements Wobenzyme 2 x 2 day Inflam Ease Herbal Formula

Results Pain Score was reduced from 8 to 2 over a 5 week period

(Patient was also treated concurrently for Chemo induced Nausea very successfully enabling her to complete her course of chemotherapy)

Case History

Temporalis Muscle Trigger Points Acupuncture Points

Conditions to consider integrating Acupuncture

bull Dental pain

bull Dental anxiety and gag reflex

bull Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain or temporomandibular disorder (TMD)

bull TMJ clicking and locking

bull Chronic muscle pain or spasm

bull Atypical facial pain

bull Headache (tension headache migraine)

bull Xerostomia (dry mouth)

bull Nerve pain (neuralgia especially trigeminal neuralgia neuropathic pain nerve injury)

bull Paresthesia or anesthesia of the oral and paraoral structures

Introduction to Acupuncture in DentistryBRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL

ldquoAcupuncture is not a miracle cure and is not going to replace the drill However the technique can be a supplement to conventional treatments in TMDs facial pain pain management Sjoslashegrens syndrome and in phobias and anxietyrdquo

Acupuncture does have a scientific background and the efficacy has been tested in a number of clinical trials including pain management facial pain TMD and increasing of the pain thresholdrdquo

It is concluded that acupuncture could supplement conventional treatment modalities Its value in the treatment of temporomandibular dysfunction syndrome and facial pain has been well documented and supported by randomisedcontrolled trials Although it may be useful in the control of post-operative pain its use as sole analgesia for operative care is questionable The mode of action of acupuncture can be explained with reference to modern neurophysiology

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry P Rosted BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL VOLUME 189 NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

httpwwwexodontiainfofilesBDJ_2000_Acupuncture_-_Introduction_to_Acupuncture_in_Dentistrypdf

Electro-acupuncture (EA)efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar surgeryand Postoperative pain and swelling

Postoperative pain and swelling after third-molar surgery are usually controlled by administering drugs to patients before and after surgery Nonsteroidal anti-inflamatorydrugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used to produce an inhibitory effect on the cyclo-oxygenase enzyme However these drugs are associated with increased bleeding tendency gastric ulcerations and other adverse effects

Tavares et alevaluated the efficacy of EA on postoperative pain control after mandibular third-molar surgery Postoperative pain intensity (rated on a 10-cm visual analogue scale [VAS]) was significantly lower for the EA side and analgesic intake decreased for all evaluated periods The researchers concluded that EA controlled postoperative pain following mandibular third-molar surgical removal

16 Tavares MG Machado AP Motta BG BorsattoMC Rosa AL Xavier SP Electro-acupuncture efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar surgery Braz Dent J 200718(2)158ndash162 [PubMed]

MIND-BODYnothing is 100 in the mind orhellip 100 in the bodyhellip but some mix

between perception and sensation

A report from the Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center states

that ldquomeditation can be more effective than morphine This

is the first study to show that only a little over an hour of

meditation training can dramatically reduce both the

experience of pain and pain-related brain activation

40 per cent reduction in pain intensity and a

57 per cent reduction in pain unpleasantness

Meditation produced a greater reduction in pain than even

morphine or other pain-relieving drugs which typically

reduce pain ratings by about 25 per cent

MIND-BODYThe mind is the most powerful pharmaceutical factory on earth

Studies demonstrate that by doing only 20 minutes-a-day of a Guided Pain Relief Meditation Technique over a five-week period showed significant improvement for

A higher tolerance to pain

Decreased anxiety stress and depression

Increased activity levels

Decreased use of pain-related medications

Increased levels of self-esteem

(Mills 1981 Kabat-Zinn 1985 Harmon 1999)

MIND-BODYGUIDED PAIN RELIEF PROGRAM

Download the Natural Pain Relief Workbook

Pain Evaluation See what your pain score is before you start and then re-take it at the end for some good news

Download the Audios 20 minutes per day

Sweeping the Body Relaxation Week One Awareness technique ldquoSweeping the Bodyrdquo Relaxation

Guided Pain Relief Technique Week Two ldquoSofteningrdquo around the pain technique this is the main technique to practice

Rebalancing the Mind Week Three Balance Technique Re-balancing the Mind

Relaxing into Sleep Will help you relax and fall into a deep restful sleep

Free Access athellip

httpwwwtrue-wellnesscomindexphpprogramsmind-bodypain-relief

This may move to wwwdarcynatcom

Acupuncture Studies

taken from Dentistry

Journals and Papers

Introduction to

acupuncture in

dentistry P Rosted

BRITISH DENTAL

JOURNAL VOLUME 189

NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

Introduction to acupuncture

in dentistry P Rosted BRITISH

DENTAL JOURNAL VOLUME

189 NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry P Rosted BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL VOLUME 189

NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

StudiesStudies

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry P

Rosted BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL

VOLUME 189 NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

Acupuncture in 11 out of 15 studies proved effective in the

treatment of temperomandibular dysfunction (TMD) and as analgesia

The use of acupuncture in dentistry a review of the scientific validity of published paper

Oral Dis 1998 Jun4(2)100-4

(Bensoussan 1999 Rosted 1998 Ernst 1998) Controlled trials have shown that ear acupuncture is as effective as intranasal midazolam in reducing dental anxiety

(Karst 2007) and that acupuncture is more effective than placebo in the prevention of post-operative dental pain

(Lao 1999) and in reducing the gagging reflex

(Sari 2010) Evidence from case series suggests that acupuncture can reduce dental anxiety

(Rosted 2010) and the gagging reflex

(Rosted 2006) and that electroacupuncture can control post-operative pain after wisdom tooth extraction

(Tarares 2007) One controlled study found no effect on the pain threashold of dental pulp

(Goddard 2009)The systematic reviews are now more than 10 years old and up-to-date ones are called for to better evaluate the evidence

In general acupuncture is believed to stimulate the nervous system and cause the release of neurochemical messenger molecules The resulting biochemical changes influence the bodys homeostatic mechanisms thus promoting physical and emotional well-being Stimulation of certain acupuncture points has been shown to affect areas of the brain that are known to reduce sensitivity to pain and stress as well as promoting relaxation and deactivating the analytical brain which is responsible for anxiety (Wu 1999)

Acupuncture may help relieve dental pain by

stimulating nerves located in muscles and other tissues which leads to release of endorphins and other neurohumoral factors (eg neuropeptide Y serotonin) and changes the processing of pain in the brain and spinal cord (Pomeranz 1987 Han 2004 Zhao 2008 Zhou 2008 Lee 2009 Cheng 2009)

reducing the cardiovascular reflex elicited by toothache which is associated with the adrenergic system (Jung 2006)

increasing the release of adenosine which has antinociceptive properties (Goldman 2010)

modulating the limbic-paralimbic-neocortical network (Hui 2009)

reducing inflammation by promoting release of vascular and immunomodulatory factors (Kavoussi 2007 Zijlstra 2003)

increasing local microcirculation (Komori 2009) which aids dispersal of swelling

British Acupuncture Council

Systematic reviews

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry

Br Dent J 2000 Aug 12189(3)136-40

Rosted P

The use of acupuncture in dentistry a review of the scientific validity of published papers

Oral Dis 1998 Jun4(2)100-4

Rosted P

Temporomandibular Dysfunction

Practical recommendations for the use of acupuncture in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders based on the outcome of published controlled studies

Oral Dis 2001 Mar7(2)109-15

Rosted P

Effectiveness of acupuncture in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders of muscular origin a systematic review of the last decade

La Touche R Angulo-Diacuteaz-Parrentildeo S de-la-Hoz JL Fernaacutendez-CarneroJ Ge HY Linares MT Mesa J Saacutenchez-Gutieacuterrez J J AlternComplement Med 2010 Jan16(1)107-12

Bells Palsy

Physical therapy for Bellrsquos palsy (idiopathic facial paralysis)

Teixeira LJ Valbuza JS Prado GF Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011 Dec 7(12)CD006283

Department of Neurology West China Hospital Sichuan University Wai Nan Guo Xue Xiang 37 Chengdu Sichuan China 610041

Dental painThe effectiveness of acupuncture in treating acute dental pain a systematic reviewErnst E Pittler MH Br Dent J 1998 May 9184(9)443-7

Dry Mouth

Randomized controlled trial of acupuncture for prevention of radiation-induced xerostomia among patients with nasopharyngeal carcinomaMeng Z Garcia MK Hu C Chiang J Chambers M Rosenthal DI Peng H Zhang Y Zhao Q Zhao G Liu L Spelman A Palmer JL Wei Q Cohen LCancer 2012 Jul 1118(13)3337-44 doi 101002cncr26550 Epub 2011 Nov 9

Dental AnxietyAuricular acupuncture effectively reduces state anxiety before dental treatment ndash a randomised controlled trialMichalek-Sauberer A Gusenleitner E Gleiss A Tepper G Deusch EClin Oral Investig 2012 Jan 6 [Epub ahead of print]

Trigeminal NeuralgiaPractical application of meridian acupuncture treatment for trigeminal neuralgiaBeppu S Sato Y Amemiya Y Tode IAnesth Pain Control Dent 1992 Spring1(2)103-8

Post Operative Dental PainAcupuncture treatment of pain dysfunction syndrome after dental extractionRosted P Joslashrgensen VAcupunct Med 2002 Dec20(4)191-2

Thanks to httpbenzappincomacupuncture-in-dentistry

1 Rosted P Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry Br Dent J 2000189(3)136ndash140 [PubMed]

2 Stux G Pomeranz G Scientific Basis of Acupuncture Acupuncture Textbook and Atlas Heidelberg Springer Verlag 1987

3 Lao L Bergman S Langenberg P Wong RH Berman B Efficacy of Chinese acupuncture on postoperative oral surgery pain Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 199579(4)423ndash428[PubMed]

4 Rosted P The use of acupuncture in dentistry A systematic review Acupunct Med 199816(1)43ndash48

5 Wong LB Acupuncture in dentistry Its possible role and application Proc Singapore Healthcare 201221(1)432ndash448

6 Michalek-Sauberer A Heinzl H Sator-Katzenschlager SM Monov G Knolle E Kress HGPerioperative auricular electroacupuncture has no effect on pain and analgesic consumption after third molar tooth extraction Anesth Analg 2007104(3)542ndash547 [PubMed]

7 Ulett GA Han S Han JS Electroacupuncture Mechanisms and clinical application Biol Psychiatr 199844(2)129ndash138 [PubMed]

8 Fang J Jin Z Wang Y et al The salient characteristics of the central effects of acupuncture needling Limbicndashparalimbicndashneocortical network modulation Hum Brain Mapp 200930(4)1196ndash1206 [PubMed]

9 National Institutes of Health (NIH) NIH Consensus Conference Acupuncture JAMA 1998280(17)1518ndash1524 [PubMed]

10 Ernst E Pittler MH The effectiveness of acupuncture in treating acute dental pain A systematic review Br Dent J 1998184(9)443ndash447 [PubMed]

11 Goddard G Albers D Effects of acupuncture at Large Intestine 4 (LI 4) on electrical tooth pulp stimulation A randomized controlled pilot study Med Acupunct 200921(3)167ndash171

12 Chapman CR Chen AC Bonica JJ Effects of intrasegmental electrical acupuncture on dental pain Evaluation by threshold estimation and sensory decision Pain 19773(3)213ndash227 [PubMed]

13 Andersson S Lundeberg T Acupuncturemdashfrom empiricism to science Functional background to [sic] acupuncture effects in pain and disease Med Hypotheses 199545(3)271ndash281 [PubMed]

14 Rosted P Bundgaard M Can acupuncture reduce the induction time of a local anaestheticmdashA pilot study Acupunct Med 200321(3)92ndash99 [PubMed]

15 Simmons MS Oleson TD Auricular electrical stimulation and dental pain threshold Anesth Prog 199340(1)14ndash19 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

16 Tavares MG Machado AP Motta BG Borsatto MC Rosa AL Xavier SP Electro-acupuncture efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar surgery Braz Dent J 200718(2)158ndash162 [PubMed]

17 Lao L Bergman S Hamilton GR Langenberg P Berman B Evaluation of acupuncture for pain control after oral surgery A placebo-controlled trial Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1999125(5)567ndash572 [PubMed]

18 Ribeiro DC Dental Acupuncture A Technique Against Pain 1st ed Satildeo Paulo Iacutecone 2002

19 Kitade T Ohyabu H Analgesic effects of acupuncture on pain after mandibular wisdom tooth extraction Acupunct Electrother Res 200025(2)109ndash115 [PubMed]

20 Ekblom A Hansson P Thomsson M Thomas M Increased postoperative pain and consumption of analgesics following acupuncture Pain 199144(3)241ndash247 [PubMed]

21 Zijlstra FJ van den Berg-de Lange I Huygen FJ Klein J Anti-inflammatory actions of acupuncture Mediators Inflamm 200312(2)59ndash69 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

22 Karst M Winterhalter M Muumlnte S et al Auricular acupuncture for dental anxiety A randomized controlled trial Anesth Analg 2007104(2)295ndash300 [PubMed]

23 Rosted P Bundgaard M Gordon S Pedersen AM Acupuncture in the management of anxiety related to dental treatment A case series Acupunct Med 201028(1)3ndash5 [PubMed]

24 Sari E Sari T The role of acupuncture in the treatment of orthodontic patients with a gagging reflex A pilot study Br Dent J 2010208(10)E19 [PubMed]

25 Rosted P Bundgaard M Fiske J Pedersen AM The use of acupuncture in controlling the gag reflex in patients requiring an upper alginate impression An audit Br Dent J 2006201(11)721ndash725discussion715 [PubMed]

26 List T Acupuncture in the treatment of patients with craniomandibular disorders Comparative longitudinal and methodological studies Swed Dent J Suppl 1992871ndash159 [PubMed]

27 Park J White A Stevinson C Ernst E James M Validating a new non-penetrating sham acupuncture device Two randomised controlled trials Acupunct Med 200220(4)168ndash174 [PubMed]

28 Shen YF Younger J Goddard G Mackey S Randomized clinical trial of acupuncture for myofascial pain of the jaw muscles J OrofacPain 200923(4)353ndash359 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

29 Cho SH Whang WW Acupuncture for temporomandibular disorders A systematic review J Orofac Pain 201024(2)152ndash162 [PubMed]

30 Johnstone PA Peng YP May BC Inouye WS Niemtzow RC Acupuncture for pilocarpine-resistant xerostomia following radiotherapy for head and neck malignancies Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 200150(2)353ndash357 [PubMed]

31 Furness S Bryan G McMillan R Worthington HV Interventions for the management of dry mouth Non-pharmacological interventions Cochrane Database Syst Rev 20138CD009603 [PubMed]

32 Silva SA Acupuncture for the relief of pain of facial and dental origin Anesth Prog 198936(4ndash5)244ndash245 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

33 Chien TJ Liu CY Hsu CH Integrating acupuncture into cancer care J Tradit Complement Med 20133(4)234ndash239 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

34 Liang F Li Y Yu S et al A multicentral randomized control study on clinical acupuncture treatment of Bells palsy J Tradit Chin Med 200626(1)3ndash7 [PubMed]

35 Bensoussan A Systematic review of acupuncture in dental pain Focus Altern Complement Ther 1999415ndash16

36 Pomeranz B Scientific basis of acupuncture In Stux G editor Pomeranz B editor eds Acupuncture Textbook and Atlas Heidelberg Springer-Verlag 19871ndash18

37 Kavoussi B Ross BE The neuroimmune basis of anti-inflammatory acupuncture Integr Cancer Ther 20076(3)251ndash257 [PubMed]

Thanks to httpswwwncbinlmnihgovpmcarticlesPMC4270142

Naik PN Kiran RA Yalamanchal S Kumar VA Goli S Vashist N Acupuncture An Alternative Therapy in Dentistry and Its Possible Applications Medical Acupuncture 201426(6)308-314 doi101089acu20141028

Ann Ital Chir 1995 May-Jun66(3)373-8

[Treatment of trigeminal neuralgia with electroacupuncture Experience with 104

cases]Costantini D Tomasello C Buonopane CE Sances D Marandola M Delogu G

Istituto di Anestesiologia e Rianimazione Universitagrave degli Studi di Roma La

Sapienza

The essential or secondary trigeminal neuralgia is a very frequent and invalidant disease In this forms the medical or surgical conventional therapies are often inadequate In this study we evaluated the effects of the acupunctural therapy on 104 patients (mean age 523 +- 13 years) with idiopathic or secondary trigeminal neuralgia Utilizing cycles of twelve sessions the acupunctural treatment was performed with an electrostimulator on local points and a distance or on aching points in the secondary forms The results was evaluated on the basis of three parameters (reappearance of the symptomatology absence of pain in months and preceding treatments) and was defined using this scale very well well fair and null In conclusion we can say that acupuncture is an elective treatment in all kinds of secondary tregeminalneuralgia while in the idiopathic form its validity is conditioned by preceding medical treatments and by beginning of the disease

Braz Dent J 200718(2)158-62

Electro-acupuncture efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar

surgeryTavares MG Machado AP Motta BG Borsatto MC Rosa AL Xavier SP

Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology School of Dentistry

of Ribeiratildeo Preto University of Sao Paulo Ribeiratildeo Preto SP Brazil

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of electro-acupuncture (EAC) on postoperative pain control after mandibular third molar surgery Twenty four young patients (12 male and 12 female) with symmetrically impacted mandibular third molars were selected Each patient was submitted to two separate surgical procedures under local anesthesia At one side extraction was carried out employing both prior (24h) and immediately postoperative application of EAC while on the contralateral side surgery was carried out without any treatment EAC was applied on 6 bilateral systemic and 2 auricular points with a WQ10Dl appliance using 40-60Hz frequency for 20 min and individually adjusted intensity Postoperative pain intensity was rated on a 100 mm visual analog scale (VAS) between 2 and 72 h and recording the amount of analgesics intake after surgery Statistical analysis was performed using theWilcoxon test Postoperative pain VAS scores were significantly lower for the EAC group (plt005) and analgesic intake decreased (plt005) for all evaluated periods (plt005) Under the tested conditions EAC therapy is efficient was proved controlling postoperative pain following mandibular third molar surgical removal

J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2005 Apr33(2)118-22

Acupuncture analgesia and its application in cranio-maxillofacial surgical

procedures Pohodenko-Chudakova IODepartment of Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery Faculty of Stomatology

Belarussian State Medical University Minsk Belarus ip-cyandexru

PATIENTS AND METHODS Acupuncture analgesia was applied in 120 patients In 20 of these surgery was carried out under general anaesthesia in combination with acupuncture analgesia In 100 patients acupuncture analgesia was applied in addition to traditional postoperative analgesia In case of troublesome postoperative pain it was necessary to carry out additional sessions (1-4) of acupuncture stimulation

RESULTS When acupuncture analgesia was used the pulse rate and blood pressure during surgery generally remained stable In the present study serum cortisol was also measured and showed only minor elevation

CONCLUSION Acupuncture analgesia can be a useful adjunct to conventional anaesthesia in maxillofacial surgery

J Orofac Pain 2009 Fall23(4)353-9

Randomized clinical trial of acupuncture for myofascial pain of the jaw muscles Shen YF Younger J Goddard G Mackey S

Department of oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Center for Orofacial Pain University

of California San Francisco San Francisco CA 94143-0768 USA

METHODS Twenty-eight subjects over the age of 18 and diagnosed with chronic myofascial pain of the jaw muscles were randomized to receive real (n = 16) or sham (n = 12) acupuncture

RESULTS Subjects receiving real acupuncture experienced a significant reduction in jaw pain (P = 04) jawface tightness (P = 04) and neck pain (P = 04) and a significant increase in pain tolerance of the masseter muscle (P = 001) Subjects were not able to determine whether they received real or sham acupuncture (P = 69) No significant pain reductions were observed in the sham acupuncture group

CONCLUSION A single acupuncture session using one acupoint at Hegu large intestine 4 significantly reduced most myofascial pain endpoints when compared to sham acupuncture

MIND BODY ARTICLES

Read some other articles

How Mindfulness Meditation Can Help People With Rheumatoid

Arthritis (huffingtonpostcom)

How Meditation Changes Pain Relieves

Depression (psychologytodaycom)

How Meditation Might Relieve Pain (forbescom)

Neural correlates of pain reduction through

meditation (mindblogdericbowndsnet)

Pain Is No Matter for the Meditative Mind (brainbloggercom)

MIND-BODY Pain Relief Research

Reduced disability secondary to back pain improvements on global and physical health and improved pain levels compared to pre-intervention levels

Morone N Weiner D amp Greco C (2005) Randomized trial of mindfulness meditation in older adults for the treatment of chronic low back pain

- 34 of patients gtgt 33 decrease in pain- 12 of patients gtgt 50 decrease in pain - 44 of patients gtgt decreased analgesic use- 28 of patients gtgt discontinued analgesics

The Clinical Use of Mindfulness Meditation for the Self-Regulation of Chronic Pain Kabat-Zinn J Journal of Behavioral Medicine 1985

Many patients needed less pain medication After fifteen months not only did they suffer less pain but because they suffered less pain they also suffered less from depression and anxiety

WE Mehling KA Hamel M Acree N Byl and FM Hecht Randomized controlled trial of breath therapy for patients with chronic low-back pain Altern Ther Health Med 2005 JulndashAug 11(4)44ndash52

Chronic Pain

Acceptance-based interventions such as mindfulness-based stress reduction program and acceptance and commitment therapy are alternative approaches to cognitive behavioral therapy for treating patients wtih chronic pain In this systematic review and meta-analysis twenty-two studies were included totaling 1235 patients with chronic pain The results suggest that a mindfulness-based stress reduction program and acceptance and commitment therapy can be good alternatives to cognitive behavioral therapy More high-quality studies are needed Acceptance-based therapies have small to medium effects on physical and mental health in chronic pain patients comparable to those of cognitive behavioral therapy

Veehof MM Oskam MJ Schreurs KM Bohlmeijer ET Acceptance-based interventions for the treatment of chronic pain a systematic review and meta-analysis Pain 152(3)533-42 2011

Ten studies were included in this review Mindfulness-based interventions showed non-specific effects for the reduction of pain symptoms and the improvement of depressive symptoms in patients with chronic pain There were also some improvements in psychologic measures related to chronic pain including pain coping Further research in larger studies is warranted

Chiesa A Serretti A Mindfulness-based interventions for chronic pain a systematic review of the evidence Journal of Alternative amp Complementary Medicine 17(1) 83-93 2011

Page 11: ACUPUNCTURE AND FACIAL PAIN - Darcy Nat · (Bensoussan 1999, Rosted 1998, Ernst 1998). Controlled trials have shown that ear acupuncture is as effective as intranasal midazolam in

ACUPUNCTURE MIND-BODY AND SUPPLEMENTS IN MY PRACTICE

Acupuncture

Acupuncture Electro-Acupuncture Magnets Ear Acupuncture

Mind-Body Pain Relief Program

Workbook

Audios Progressive Relaxation Guided Pain Relief Techniques

Dietary Supplements

Herbal Anti-inflammatories

Pain Relief Formulas

Enzymes

Chronic Facial Pain Case History

Pain is the Obstruction of the Flow of Life Force (Qi)

55 year old woman with Oligo-astrocytoma had a surgical resection of the tumor this left her with major inflammation and pain from partial removal of temporalis muscle tissue from the right side of the temple and jaw making chewing excruciating

Treatment Plan Acupuncture treatments 2 x week for 5 weeks 10 treatments

Electro acupuncture was applied to the distal points on pathways that move through the Temro-mandibular joint and face St 44 amp 43 and LI 4 amp 11

Acupuncture GB241TW6 ST4 Per 6 GB2 TW 17 ST3 GB8

Ear Acupuncture Points Shenmen Facial Mandible

Mind-Body Pain Relief 25 minutes 2 x day

Supplements Wobenzyme 2 x 2 day Inflam Ease Herbal Formula

Results Pain Score was reduced from 8 to 2 over a 5 week period

(Patient was also treated concurrently for Chemo induced Nausea very successfully enabling her to complete her course of chemotherapy)

Case History

Temporalis Muscle Trigger Points Acupuncture Points

Conditions to consider integrating Acupuncture

bull Dental pain

bull Dental anxiety and gag reflex

bull Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain or temporomandibular disorder (TMD)

bull TMJ clicking and locking

bull Chronic muscle pain or spasm

bull Atypical facial pain

bull Headache (tension headache migraine)

bull Xerostomia (dry mouth)

bull Nerve pain (neuralgia especially trigeminal neuralgia neuropathic pain nerve injury)

bull Paresthesia or anesthesia of the oral and paraoral structures

Introduction to Acupuncture in DentistryBRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL

ldquoAcupuncture is not a miracle cure and is not going to replace the drill However the technique can be a supplement to conventional treatments in TMDs facial pain pain management Sjoslashegrens syndrome and in phobias and anxietyrdquo

Acupuncture does have a scientific background and the efficacy has been tested in a number of clinical trials including pain management facial pain TMD and increasing of the pain thresholdrdquo

It is concluded that acupuncture could supplement conventional treatment modalities Its value in the treatment of temporomandibular dysfunction syndrome and facial pain has been well documented and supported by randomisedcontrolled trials Although it may be useful in the control of post-operative pain its use as sole analgesia for operative care is questionable The mode of action of acupuncture can be explained with reference to modern neurophysiology

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry P Rosted BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL VOLUME 189 NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

httpwwwexodontiainfofilesBDJ_2000_Acupuncture_-_Introduction_to_Acupuncture_in_Dentistrypdf

Electro-acupuncture (EA)efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar surgeryand Postoperative pain and swelling

Postoperative pain and swelling after third-molar surgery are usually controlled by administering drugs to patients before and after surgery Nonsteroidal anti-inflamatorydrugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used to produce an inhibitory effect on the cyclo-oxygenase enzyme However these drugs are associated with increased bleeding tendency gastric ulcerations and other adverse effects

Tavares et alevaluated the efficacy of EA on postoperative pain control after mandibular third-molar surgery Postoperative pain intensity (rated on a 10-cm visual analogue scale [VAS]) was significantly lower for the EA side and analgesic intake decreased for all evaluated periods The researchers concluded that EA controlled postoperative pain following mandibular third-molar surgical removal

16 Tavares MG Machado AP Motta BG BorsattoMC Rosa AL Xavier SP Electro-acupuncture efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar surgery Braz Dent J 200718(2)158ndash162 [PubMed]

MIND-BODYnothing is 100 in the mind orhellip 100 in the bodyhellip but some mix

between perception and sensation

A report from the Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center states

that ldquomeditation can be more effective than morphine This

is the first study to show that only a little over an hour of

meditation training can dramatically reduce both the

experience of pain and pain-related brain activation

40 per cent reduction in pain intensity and a

57 per cent reduction in pain unpleasantness

Meditation produced a greater reduction in pain than even

morphine or other pain-relieving drugs which typically

reduce pain ratings by about 25 per cent

MIND-BODYThe mind is the most powerful pharmaceutical factory on earth

Studies demonstrate that by doing only 20 minutes-a-day of a Guided Pain Relief Meditation Technique over a five-week period showed significant improvement for

A higher tolerance to pain

Decreased anxiety stress and depression

Increased activity levels

Decreased use of pain-related medications

Increased levels of self-esteem

(Mills 1981 Kabat-Zinn 1985 Harmon 1999)

MIND-BODYGUIDED PAIN RELIEF PROGRAM

Download the Natural Pain Relief Workbook

Pain Evaluation See what your pain score is before you start and then re-take it at the end for some good news

Download the Audios 20 minutes per day

Sweeping the Body Relaxation Week One Awareness technique ldquoSweeping the Bodyrdquo Relaxation

Guided Pain Relief Technique Week Two ldquoSofteningrdquo around the pain technique this is the main technique to practice

Rebalancing the Mind Week Three Balance Technique Re-balancing the Mind

Relaxing into Sleep Will help you relax and fall into a deep restful sleep

Free Access athellip

httpwwwtrue-wellnesscomindexphpprogramsmind-bodypain-relief

This may move to wwwdarcynatcom

Acupuncture Studies

taken from Dentistry

Journals and Papers

Introduction to

acupuncture in

dentistry P Rosted

BRITISH DENTAL

JOURNAL VOLUME 189

NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

Introduction to acupuncture

in dentistry P Rosted BRITISH

DENTAL JOURNAL VOLUME

189 NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry P Rosted BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL VOLUME 189

NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

StudiesStudies

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry P

Rosted BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL

VOLUME 189 NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

Acupuncture in 11 out of 15 studies proved effective in the

treatment of temperomandibular dysfunction (TMD) and as analgesia

The use of acupuncture in dentistry a review of the scientific validity of published paper

Oral Dis 1998 Jun4(2)100-4

(Bensoussan 1999 Rosted 1998 Ernst 1998) Controlled trials have shown that ear acupuncture is as effective as intranasal midazolam in reducing dental anxiety

(Karst 2007) and that acupuncture is more effective than placebo in the prevention of post-operative dental pain

(Lao 1999) and in reducing the gagging reflex

(Sari 2010) Evidence from case series suggests that acupuncture can reduce dental anxiety

(Rosted 2010) and the gagging reflex

(Rosted 2006) and that electroacupuncture can control post-operative pain after wisdom tooth extraction

(Tarares 2007) One controlled study found no effect on the pain threashold of dental pulp

(Goddard 2009)The systematic reviews are now more than 10 years old and up-to-date ones are called for to better evaluate the evidence

In general acupuncture is believed to stimulate the nervous system and cause the release of neurochemical messenger molecules The resulting biochemical changes influence the bodys homeostatic mechanisms thus promoting physical and emotional well-being Stimulation of certain acupuncture points has been shown to affect areas of the brain that are known to reduce sensitivity to pain and stress as well as promoting relaxation and deactivating the analytical brain which is responsible for anxiety (Wu 1999)

Acupuncture may help relieve dental pain by

stimulating nerves located in muscles and other tissues which leads to release of endorphins and other neurohumoral factors (eg neuropeptide Y serotonin) and changes the processing of pain in the brain and spinal cord (Pomeranz 1987 Han 2004 Zhao 2008 Zhou 2008 Lee 2009 Cheng 2009)

reducing the cardiovascular reflex elicited by toothache which is associated with the adrenergic system (Jung 2006)

increasing the release of adenosine which has antinociceptive properties (Goldman 2010)

modulating the limbic-paralimbic-neocortical network (Hui 2009)

reducing inflammation by promoting release of vascular and immunomodulatory factors (Kavoussi 2007 Zijlstra 2003)

increasing local microcirculation (Komori 2009) which aids dispersal of swelling

British Acupuncture Council

Systematic reviews

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry

Br Dent J 2000 Aug 12189(3)136-40

Rosted P

The use of acupuncture in dentistry a review of the scientific validity of published papers

Oral Dis 1998 Jun4(2)100-4

Rosted P

Temporomandibular Dysfunction

Practical recommendations for the use of acupuncture in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders based on the outcome of published controlled studies

Oral Dis 2001 Mar7(2)109-15

Rosted P

Effectiveness of acupuncture in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders of muscular origin a systematic review of the last decade

La Touche R Angulo-Diacuteaz-Parrentildeo S de-la-Hoz JL Fernaacutendez-CarneroJ Ge HY Linares MT Mesa J Saacutenchez-Gutieacuterrez J J AlternComplement Med 2010 Jan16(1)107-12

Bells Palsy

Physical therapy for Bellrsquos palsy (idiopathic facial paralysis)

Teixeira LJ Valbuza JS Prado GF Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011 Dec 7(12)CD006283

Department of Neurology West China Hospital Sichuan University Wai Nan Guo Xue Xiang 37 Chengdu Sichuan China 610041

Dental painThe effectiveness of acupuncture in treating acute dental pain a systematic reviewErnst E Pittler MH Br Dent J 1998 May 9184(9)443-7

Dry Mouth

Randomized controlled trial of acupuncture for prevention of radiation-induced xerostomia among patients with nasopharyngeal carcinomaMeng Z Garcia MK Hu C Chiang J Chambers M Rosenthal DI Peng H Zhang Y Zhao Q Zhao G Liu L Spelman A Palmer JL Wei Q Cohen LCancer 2012 Jul 1118(13)3337-44 doi 101002cncr26550 Epub 2011 Nov 9

Dental AnxietyAuricular acupuncture effectively reduces state anxiety before dental treatment ndash a randomised controlled trialMichalek-Sauberer A Gusenleitner E Gleiss A Tepper G Deusch EClin Oral Investig 2012 Jan 6 [Epub ahead of print]

Trigeminal NeuralgiaPractical application of meridian acupuncture treatment for trigeminal neuralgiaBeppu S Sato Y Amemiya Y Tode IAnesth Pain Control Dent 1992 Spring1(2)103-8

Post Operative Dental PainAcupuncture treatment of pain dysfunction syndrome after dental extractionRosted P Joslashrgensen VAcupunct Med 2002 Dec20(4)191-2

Thanks to httpbenzappincomacupuncture-in-dentistry

1 Rosted P Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry Br Dent J 2000189(3)136ndash140 [PubMed]

2 Stux G Pomeranz G Scientific Basis of Acupuncture Acupuncture Textbook and Atlas Heidelberg Springer Verlag 1987

3 Lao L Bergman S Langenberg P Wong RH Berman B Efficacy of Chinese acupuncture on postoperative oral surgery pain Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 199579(4)423ndash428[PubMed]

4 Rosted P The use of acupuncture in dentistry A systematic review Acupunct Med 199816(1)43ndash48

5 Wong LB Acupuncture in dentistry Its possible role and application Proc Singapore Healthcare 201221(1)432ndash448

6 Michalek-Sauberer A Heinzl H Sator-Katzenschlager SM Monov G Knolle E Kress HGPerioperative auricular electroacupuncture has no effect on pain and analgesic consumption after third molar tooth extraction Anesth Analg 2007104(3)542ndash547 [PubMed]

7 Ulett GA Han S Han JS Electroacupuncture Mechanisms and clinical application Biol Psychiatr 199844(2)129ndash138 [PubMed]

8 Fang J Jin Z Wang Y et al The salient characteristics of the central effects of acupuncture needling Limbicndashparalimbicndashneocortical network modulation Hum Brain Mapp 200930(4)1196ndash1206 [PubMed]

9 National Institutes of Health (NIH) NIH Consensus Conference Acupuncture JAMA 1998280(17)1518ndash1524 [PubMed]

10 Ernst E Pittler MH The effectiveness of acupuncture in treating acute dental pain A systematic review Br Dent J 1998184(9)443ndash447 [PubMed]

11 Goddard G Albers D Effects of acupuncture at Large Intestine 4 (LI 4) on electrical tooth pulp stimulation A randomized controlled pilot study Med Acupunct 200921(3)167ndash171

12 Chapman CR Chen AC Bonica JJ Effects of intrasegmental electrical acupuncture on dental pain Evaluation by threshold estimation and sensory decision Pain 19773(3)213ndash227 [PubMed]

13 Andersson S Lundeberg T Acupuncturemdashfrom empiricism to science Functional background to [sic] acupuncture effects in pain and disease Med Hypotheses 199545(3)271ndash281 [PubMed]

14 Rosted P Bundgaard M Can acupuncture reduce the induction time of a local anaestheticmdashA pilot study Acupunct Med 200321(3)92ndash99 [PubMed]

15 Simmons MS Oleson TD Auricular electrical stimulation and dental pain threshold Anesth Prog 199340(1)14ndash19 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

16 Tavares MG Machado AP Motta BG Borsatto MC Rosa AL Xavier SP Electro-acupuncture efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar surgery Braz Dent J 200718(2)158ndash162 [PubMed]

17 Lao L Bergman S Hamilton GR Langenberg P Berman B Evaluation of acupuncture for pain control after oral surgery A placebo-controlled trial Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1999125(5)567ndash572 [PubMed]

18 Ribeiro DC Dental Acupuncture A Technique Against Pain 1st ed Satildeo Paulo Iacutecone 2002

19 Kitade T Ohyabu H Analgesic effects of acupuncture on pain after mandibular wisdom tooth extraction Acupunct Electrother Res 200025(2)109ndash115 [PubMed]

20 Ekblom A Hansson P Thomsson M Thomas M Increased postoperative pain and consumption of analgesics following acupuncture Pain 199144(3)241ndash247 [PubMed]

21 Zijlstra FJ van den Berg-de Lange I Huygen FJ Klein J Anti-inflammatory actions of acupuncture Mediators Inflamm 200312(2)59ndash69 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

22 Karst M Winterhalter M Muumlnte S et al Auricular acupuncture for dental anxiety A randomized controlled trial Anesth Analg 2007104(2)295ndash300 [PubMed]

23 Rosted P Bundgaard M Gordon S Pedersen AM Acupuncture in the management of anxiety related to dental treatment A case series Acupunct Med 201028(1)3ndash5 [PubMed]

24 Sari E Sari T The role of acupuncture in the treatment of orthodontic patients with a gagging reflex A pilot study Br Dent J 2010208(10)E19 [PubMed]

25 Rosted P Bundgaard M Fiske J Pedersen AM The use of acupuncture in controlling the gag reflex in patients requiring an upper alginate impression An audit Br Dent J 2006201(11)721ndash725discussion715 [PubMed]

26 List T Acupuncture in the treatment of patients with craniomandibular disorders Comparative longitudinal and methodological studies Swed Dent J Suppl 1992871ndash159 [PubMed]

27 Park J White A Stevinson C Ernst E James M Validating a new non-penetrating sham acupuncture device Two randomised controlled trials Acupunct Med 200220(4)168ndash174 [PubMed]

28 Shen YF Younger J Goddard G Mackey S Randomized clinical trial of acupuncture for myofascial pain of the jaw muscles J OrofacPain 200923(4)353ndash359 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

29 Cho SH Whang WW Acupuncture for temporomandibular disorders A systematic review J Orofac Pain 201024(2)152ndash162 [PubMed]

30 Johnstone PA Peng YP May BC Inouye WS Niemtzow RC Acupuncture for pilocarpine-resistant xerostomia following radiotherapy for head and neck malignancies Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 200150(2)353ndash357 [PubMed]

31 Furness S Bryan G McMillan R Worthington HV Interventions for the management of dry mouth Non-pharmacological interventions Cochrane Database Syst Rev 20138CD009603 [PubMed]

32 Silva SA Acupuncture for the relief of pain of facial and dental origin Anesth Prog 198936(4ndash5)244ndash245 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

33 Chien TJ Liu CY Hsu CH Integrating acupuncture into cancer care J Tradit Complement Med 20133(4)234ndash239 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

34 Liang F Li Y Yu S et al A multicentral randomized control study on clinical acupuncture treatment of Bells palsy J Tradit Chin Med 200626(1)3ndash7 [PubMed]

35 Bensoussan A Systematic review of acupuncture in dental pain Focus Altern Complement Ther 1999415ndash16

36 Pomeranz B Scientific basis of acupuncture In Stux G editor Pomeranz B editor eds Acupuncture Textbook and Atlas Heidelberg Springer-Verlag 19871ndash18

37 Kavoussi B Ross BE The neuroimmune basis of anti-inflammatory acupuncture Integr Cancer Ther 20076(3)251ndash257 [PubMed]

Thanks to httpswwwncbinlmnihgovpmcarticlesPMC4270142

Naik PN Kiran RA Yalamanchal S Kumar VA Goli S Vashist N Acupuncture An Alternative Therapy in Dentistry and Its Possible Applications Medical Acupuncture 201426(6)308-314 doi101089acu20141028

Ann Ital Chir 1995 May-Jun66(3)373-8

[Treatment of trigeminal neuralgia with electroacupuncture Experience with 104

cases]Costantini D Tomasello C Buonopane CE Sances D Marandola M Delogu G

Istituto di Anestesiologia e Rianimazione Universitagrave degli Studi di Roma La

Sapienza

The essential or secondary trigeminal neuralgia is a very frequent and invalidant disease In this forms the medical or surgical conventional therapies are often inadequate In this study we evaluated the effects of the acupunctural therapy on 104 patients (mean age 523 +- 13 years) with idiopathic or secondary trigeminal neuralgia Utilizing cycles of twelve sessions the acupunctural treatment was performed with an electrostimulator on local points and a distance or on aching points in the secondary forms The results was evaluated on the basis of three parameters (reappearance of the symptomatology absence of pain in months and preceding treatments) and was defined using this scale very well well fair and null In conclusion we can say that acupuncture is an elective treatment in all kinds of secondary tregeminalneuralgia while in the idiopathic form its validity is conditioned by preceding medical treatments and by beginning of the disease

Braz Dent J 200718(2)158-62

Electro-acupuncture efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar

surgeryTavares MG Machado AP Motta BG Borsatto MC Rosa AL Xavier SP

Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology School of Dentistry

of Ribeiratildeo Preto University of Sao Paulo Ribeiratildeo Preto SP Brazil

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of electro-acupuncture (EAC) on postoperative pain control after mandibular third molar surgery Twenty four young patients (12 male and 12 female) with symmetrically impacted mandibular third molars were selected Each patient was submitted to two separate surgical procedures under local anesthesia At one side extraction was carried out employing both prior (24h) and immediately postoperative application of EAC while on the contralateral side surgery was carried out without any treatment EAC was applied on 6 bilateral systemic and 2 auricular points with a WQ10Dl appliance using 40-60Hz frequency for 20 min and individually adjusted intensity Postoperative pain intensity was rated on a 100 mm visual analog scale (VAS) between 2 and 72 h and recording the amount of analgesics intake after surgery Statistical analysis was performed using theWilcoxon test Postoperative pain VAS scores were significantly lower for the EAC group (plt005) and analgesic intake decreased (plt005) for all evaluated periods (plt005) Under the tested conditions EAC therapy is efficient was proved controlling postoperative pain following mandibular third molar surgical removal

J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2005 Apr33(2)118-22

Acupuncture analgesia and its application in cranio-maxillofacial surgical

procedures Pohodenko-Chudakova IODepartment of Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery Faculty of Stomatology

Belarussian State Medical University Minsk Belarus ip-cyandexru

PATIENTS AND METHODS Acupuncture analgesia was applied in 120 patients In 20 of these surgery was carried out under general anaesthesia in combination with acupuncture analgesia In 100 patients acupuncture analgesia was applied in addition to traditional postoperative analgesia In case of troublesome postoperative pain it was necessary to carry out additional sessions (1-4) of acupuncture stimulation

RESULTS When acupuncture analgesia was used the pulse rate and blood pressure during surgery generally remained stable In the present study serum cortisol was also measured and showed only minor elevation

CONCLUSION Acupuncture analgesia can be a useful adjunct to conventional anaesthesia in maxillofacial surgery

J Orofac Pain 2009 Fall23(4)353-9

Randomized clinical trial of acupuncture for myofascial pain of the jaw muscles Shen YF Younger J Goddard G Mackey S

Department of oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Center for Orofacial Pain University

of California San Francisco San Francisco CA 94143-0768 USA

METHODS Twenty-eight subjects over the age of 18 and diagnosed with chronic myofascial pain of the jaw muscles were randomized to receive real (n = 16) or sham (n = 12) acupuncture

RESULTS Subjects receiving real acupuncture experienced a significant reduction in jaw pain (P = 04) jawface tightness (P = 04) and neck pain (P = 04) and a significant increase in pain tolerance of the masseter muscle (P = 001) Subjects were not able to determine whether they received real or sham acupuncture (P = 69) No significant pain reductions were observed in the sham acupuncture group

CONCLUSION A single acupuncture session using one acupoint at Hegu large intestine 4 significantly reduced most myofascial pain endpoints when compared to sham acupuncture

MIND BODY ARTICLES

Read some other articles

How Mindfulness Meditation Can Help People With Rheumatoid

Arthritis (huffingtonpostcom)

How Meditation Changes Pain Relieves

Depression (psychologytodaycom)

How Meditation Might Relieve Pain (forbescom)

Neural correlates of pain reduction through

meditation (mindblogdericbowndsnet)

Pain Is No Matter for the Meditative Mind (brainbloggercom)

MIND-BODY Pain Relief Research

Reduced disability secondary to back pain improvements on global and physical health and improved pain levels compared to pre-intervention levels

Morone N Weiner D amp Greco C (2005) Randomized trial of mindfulness meditation in older adults for the treatment of chronic low back pain

- 34 of patients gtgt 33 decrease in pain- 12 of patients gtgt 50 decrease in pain - 44 of patients gtgt decreased analgesic use- 28 of patients gtgt discontinued analgesics

The Clinical Use of Mindfulness Meditation for the Self-Regulation of Chronic Pain Kabat-Zinn J Journal of Behavioral Medicine 1985

Many patients needed less pain medication After fifteen months not only did they suffer less pain but because they suffered less pain they also suffered less from depression and anxiety

WE Mehling KA Hamel M Acree N Byl and FM Hecht Randomized controlled trial of breath therapy for patients with chronic low-back pain Altern Ther Health Med 2005 JulndashAug 11(4)44ndash52

Chronic Pain

Acceptance-based interventions such as mindfulness-based stress reduction program and acceptance and commitment therapy are alternative approaches to cognitive behavioral therapy for treating patients wtih chronic pain In this systematic review and meta-analysis twenty-two studies were included totaling 1235 patients with chronic pain The results suggest that a mindfulness-based stress reduction program and acceptance and commitment therapy can be good alternatives to cognitive behavioral therapy More high-quality studies are needed Acceptance-based therapies have small to medium effects on physical and mental health in chronic pain patients comparable to those of cognitive behavioral therapy

Veehof MM Oskam MJ Schreurs KM Bohlmeijer ET Acceptance-based interventions for the treatment of chronic pain a systematic review and meta-analysis Pain 152(3)533-42 2011

Ten studies were included in this review Mindfulness-based interventions showed non-specific effects for the reduction of pain symptoms and the improvement of depressive symptoms in patients with chronic pain There were also some improvements in psychologic measures related to chronic pain including pain coping Further research in larger studies is warranted

Chiesa A Serretti A Mindfulness-based interventions for chronic pain a systematic review of the evidence Journal of Alternative amp Complementary Medicine 17(1) 83-93 2011

Page 12: ACUPUNCTURE AND FACIAL PAIN - Darcy Nat · (Bensoussan 1999, Rosted 1998, Ernst 1998). Controlled trials have shown that ear acupuncture is as effective as intranasal midazolam in

Chronic Facial Pain Case History

Pain is the Obstruction of the Flow of Life Force (Qi)

55 year old woman with Oligo-astrocytoma had a surgical resection of the tumor this left her with major inflammation and pain from partial removal of temporalis muscle tissue from the right side of the temple and jaw making chewing excruciating

Treatment Plan Acupuncture treatments 2 x week for 5 weeks 10 treatments

Electro acupuncture was applied to the distal points on pathways that move through the Temro-mandibular joint and face St 44 amp 43 and LI 4 amp 11

Acupuncture GB241TW6 ST4 Per 6 GB2 TW 17 ST3 GB8

Ear Acupuncture Points Shenmen Facial Mandible

Mind-Body Pain Relief 25 minutes 2 x day

Supplements Wobenzyme 2 x 2 day Inflam Ease Herbal Formula

Results Pain Score was reduced from 8 to 2 over a 5 week period

(Patient was also treated concurrently for Chemo induced Nausea very successfully enabling her to complete her course of chemotherapy)

Case History

Temporalis Muscle Trigger Points Acupuncture Points

Conditions to consider integrating Acupuncture

bull Dental pain

bull Dental anxiety and gag reflex

bull Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain or temporomandibular disorder (TMD)

bull TMJ clicking and locking

bull Chronic muscle pain or spasm

bull Atypical facial pain

bull Headache (tension headache migraine)

bull Xerostomia (dry mouth)

bull Nerve pain (neuralgia especially trigeminal neuralgia neuropathic pain nerve injury)

bull Paresthesia or anesthesia of the oral and paraoral structures

Introduction to Acupuncture in DentistryBRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL

ldquoAcupuncture is not a miracle cure and is not going to replace the drill However the technique can be a supplement to conventional treatments in TMDs facial pain pain management Sjoslashegrens syndrome and in phobias and anxietyrdquo

Acupuncture does have a scientific background and the efficacy has been tested in a number of clinical trials including pain management facial pain TMD and increasing of the pain thresholdrdquo

It is concluded that acupuncture could supplement conventional treatment modalities Its value in the treatment of temporomandibular dysfunction syndrome and facial pain has been well documented and supported by randomisedcontrolled trials Although it may be useful in the control of post-operative pain its use as sole analgesia for operative care is questionable The mode of action of acupuncture can be explained with reference to modern neurophysiology

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry P Rosted BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL VOLUME 189 NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

httpwwwexodontiainfofilesBDJ_2000_Acupuncture_-_Introduction_to_Acupuncture_in_Dentistrypdf

Electro-acupuncture (EA)efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar surgeryand Postoperative pain and swelling

Postoperative pain and swelling after third-molar surgery are usually controlled by administering drugs to patients before and after surgery Nonsteroidal anti-inflamatorydrugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used to produce an inhibitory effect on the cyclo-oxygenase enzyme However these drugs are associated with increased bleeding tendency gastric ulcerations and other adverse effects

Tavares et alevaluated the efficacy of EA on postoperative pain control after mandibular third-molar surgery Postoperative pain intensity (rated on a 10-cm visual analogue scale [VAS]) was significantly lower for the EA side and analgesic intake decreased for all evaluated periods The researchers concluded that EA controlled postoperative pain following mandibular third-molar surgical removal

16 Tavares MG Machado AP Motta BG BorsattoMC Rosa AL Xavier SP Electro-acupuncture efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar surgery Braz Dent J 200718(2)158ndash162 [PubMed]

MIND-BODYnothing is 100 in the mind orhellip 100 in the bodyhellip but some mix

between perception and sensation

A report from the Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center states

that ldquomeditation can be more effective than morphine This

is the first study to show that only a little over an hour of

meditation training can dramatically reduce both the

experience of pain and pain-related brain activation

40 per cent reduction in pain intensity and a

57 per cent reduction in pain unpleasantness

Meditation produced a greater reduction in pain than even

morphine or other pain-relieving drugs which typically

reduce pain ratings by about 25 per cent

MIND-BODYThe mind is the most powerful pharmaceutical factory on earth

Studies demonstrate that by doing only 20 minutes-a-day of a Guided Pain Relief Meditation Technique over a five-week period showed significant improvement for

A higher tolerance to pain

Decreased anxiety stress and depression

Increased activity levels

Decreased use of pain-related medications

Increased levels of self-esteem

(Mills 1981 Kabat-Zinn 1985 Harmon 1999)

MIND-BODYGUIDED PAIN RELIEF PROGRAM

Download the Natural Pain Relief Workbook

Pain Evaluation See what your pain score is before you start and then re-take it at the end for some good news

Download the Audios 20 minutes per day

Sweeping the Body Relaxation Week One Awareness technique ldquoSweeping the Bodyrdquo Relaxation

Guided Pain Relief Technique Week Two ldquoSofteningrdquo around the pain technique this is the main technique to practice

Rebalancing the Mind Week Three Balance Technique Re-balancing the Mind

Relaxing into Sleep Will help you relax and fall into a deep restful sleep

Free Access athellip

httpwwwtrue-wellnesscomindexphpprogramsmind-bodypain-relief

This may move to wwwdarcynatcom

Acupuncture Studies

taken from Dentistry

Journals and Papers

Introduction to

acupuncture in

dentistry P Rosted

BRITISH DENTAL

JOURNAL VOLUME 189

NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

Introduction to acupuncture

in dentistry P Rosted BRITISH

DENTAL JOURNAL VOLUME

189 NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry P Rosted BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL VOLUME 189

NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

StudiesStudies

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry P

Rosted BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL

VOLUME 189 NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

Acupuncture in 11 out of 15 studies proved effective in the

treatment of temperomandibular dysfunction (TMD) and as analgesia

The use of acupuncture in dentistry a review of the scientific validity of published paper

Oral Dis 1998 Jun4(2)100-4

(Bensoussan 1999 Rosted 1998 Ernst 1998) Controlled trials have shown that ear acupuncture is as effective as intranasal midazolam in reducing dental anxiety

(Karst 2007) and that acupuncture is more effective than placebo in the prevention of post-operative dental pain

(Lao 1999) and in reducing the gagging reflex

(Sari 2010) Evidence from case series suggests that acupuncture can reduce dental anxiety

(Rosted 2010) and the gagging reflex

(Rosted 2006) and that electroacupuncture can control post-operative pain after wisdom tooth extraction

(Tarares 2007) One controlled study found no effect on the pain threashold of dental pulp

(Goddard 2009)The systematic reviews are now more than 10 years old and up-to-date ones are called for to better evaluate the evidence

In general acupuncture is believed to stimulate the nervous system and cause the release of neurochemical messenger molecules The resulting biochemical changes influence the bodys homeostatic mechanisms thus promoting physical and emotional well-being Stimulation of certain acupuncture points has been shown to affect areas of the brain that are known to reduce sensitivity to pain and stress as well as promoting relaxation and deactivating the analytical brain which is responsible for anxiety (Wu 1999)

Acupuncture may help relieve dental pain by

stimulating nerves located in muscles and other tissues which leads to release of endorphins and other neurohumoral factors (eg neuropeptide Y serotonin) and changes the processing of pain in the brain and spinal cord (Pomeranz 1987 Han 2004 Zhao 2008 Zhou 2008 Lee 2009 Cheng 2009)

reducing the cardiovascular reflex elicited by toothache which is associated with the adrenergic system (Jung 2006)

increasing the release of adenosine which has antinociceptive properties (Goldman 2010)

modulating the limbic-paralimbic-neocortical network (Hui 2009)

reducing inflammation by promoting release of vascular and immunomodulatory factors (Kavoussi 2007 Zijlstra 2003)

increasing local microcirculation (Komori 2009) which aids dispersal of swelling

British Acupuncture Council

Systematic reviews

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry

Br Dent J 2000 Aug 12189(3)136-40

Rosted P

The use of acupuncture in dentistry a review of the scientific validity of published papers

Oral Dis 1998 Jun4(2)100-4

Rosted P

Temporomandibular Dysfunction

Practical recommendations for the use of acupuncture in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders based on the outcome of published controlled studies

Oral Dis 2001 Mar7(2)109-15

Rosted P

Effectiveness of acupuncture in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders of muscular origin a systematic review of the last decade

La Touche R Angulo-Diacuteaz-Parrentildeo S de-la-Hoz JL Fernaacutendez-CarneroJ Ge HY Linares MT Mesa J Saacutenchez-Gutieacuterrez J J AlternComplement Med 2010 Jan16(1)107-12

Bells Palsy

Physical therapy for Bellrsquos palsy (idiopathic facial paralysis)

Teixeira LJ Valbuza JS Prado GF Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011 Dec 7(12)CD006283

Department of Neurology West China Hospital Sichuan University Wai Nan Guo Xue Xiang 37 Chengdu Sichuan China 610041

Dental painThe effectiveness of acupuncture in treating acute dental pain a systematic reviewErnst E Pittler MH Br Dent J 1998 May 9184(9)443-7

Dry Mouth

Randomized controlled trial of acupuncture for prevention of radiation-induced xerostomia among patients with nasopharyngeal carcinomaMeng Z Garcia MK Hu C Chiang J Chambers M Rosenthal DI Peng H Zhang Y Zhao Q Zhao G Liu L Spelman A Palmer JL Wei Q Cohen LCancer 2012 Jul 1118(13)3337-44 doi 101002cncr26550 Epub 2011 Nov 9

Dental AnxietyAuricular acupuncture effectively reduces state anxiety before dental treatment ndash a randomised controlled trialMichalek-Sauberer A Gusenleitner E Gleiss A Tepper G Deusch EClin Oral Investig 2012 Jan 6 [Epub ahead of print]

Trigeminal NeuralgiaPractical application of meridian acupuncture treatment for trigeminal neuralgiaBeppu S Sato Y Amemiya Y Tode IAnesth Pain Control Dent 1992 Spring1(2)103-8

Post Operative Dental PainAcupuncture treatment of pain dysfunction syndrome after dental extractionRosted P Joslashrgensen VAcupunct Med 2002 Dec20(4)191-2

Thanks to httpbenzappincomacupuncture-in-dentistry

1 Rosted P Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry Br Dent J 2000189(3)136ndash140 [PubMed]

2 Stux G Pomeranz G Scientific Basis of Acupuncture Acupuncture Textbook and Atlas Heidelberg Springer Verlag 1987

3 Lao L Bergman S Langenberg P Wong RH Berman B Efficacy of Chinese acupuncture on postoperative oral surgery pain Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 199579(4)423ndash428[PubMed]

4 Rosted P The use of acupuncture in dentistry A systematic review Acupunct Med 199816(1)43ndash48

5 Wong LB Acupuncture in dentistry Its possible role and application Proc Singapore Healthcare 201221(1)432ndash448

6 Michalek-Sauberer A Heinzl H Sator-Katzenschlager SM Monov G Knolle E Kress HGPerioperative auricular electroacupuncture has no effect on pain and analgesic consumption after third molar tooth extraction Anesth Analg 2007104(3)542ndash547 [PubMed]

7 Ulett GA Han S Han JS Electroacupuncture Mechanisms and clinical application Biol Psychiatr 199844(2)129ndash138 [PubMed]

8 Fang J Jin Z Wang Y et al The salient characteristics of the central effects of acupuncture needling Limbicndashparalimbicndashneocortical network modulation Hum Brain Mapp 200930(4)1196ndash1206 [PubMed]

9 National Institutes of Health (NIH) NIH Consensus Conference Acupuncture JAMA 1998280(17)1518ndash1524 [PubMed]

10 Ernst E Pittler MH The effectiveness of acupuncture in treating acute dental pain A systematic review Br Dent J 1998184(9)443ndash447 [PubMed]

11 Goddard G Albers D Effects of acupuncture at Large Intestine 4 (LI 4) on electrical tooth pulp stimulation A randomized controlled pilot study Med Acupunct 200921(3)167ndash171

12 Chapman CR Chen AC Bonica JJ Effects of intrasegmental electrical acupuncture on dental pain Evaluation by threshold estimation and sensory decision Pain 19773(3)213ndash227 [PubMed]

13 Andersson S Lundeberg T Acupuncturemdashfrom empiricism to science Functional background to [sic] acupuncture effects in pain and disease Med Hypotheses 199545(3)271ndash281 [PubMed]

14 Rosted P Bundgaard M Can acupuncture reduce the induction time of a local anaestheticmdashA pilot study Acupunct Med 200321(3)92ndash99 [PubMed]

15 Simmons MS Oleson TD Auricular electrical stimulation and dental pain threshold Anesth Prog 199340(1)14ndash19 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

16 Tavares MG Machado AP Motta BG Borsatto MC Rosa AL Xavier SP Electro-acupuncture efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar surgery Braz Dent J 200718(2)158ndash162 [PubMed]

17 Lao L Bergman S Hamilton GR Langenberg P Berman B Evaluation of acupuncture for pain control after oral surgery A placebo-controlled trial Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1999125(5)567ndash572 [PubMed]

18 Ribeiro DC Dental Acupuncture A Technique Against Pain 1st ed Satildeo Paulo Iacutecone 2002

19 Kitade T Ohyabu H Analgesic effects of acupuncture on pain after mandibular wisdom tooth extraction Acupunct Electrother Res 200025(2)109ndash115 [PubMed]

20 Ekblom A Hansson P Thomsson M Thomas M Increased postoperative pain and consumption of analgesics following acupuncture Pain 199144(3)241ndash247 [PubMed]

21 Zijlstra FJ van den Berg-de Lange I Huygen FJ Klein J Anti-inflammatory actions of acupuncture Mediators Inflamm 200312(2)59ndash69 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

22 Karst M Winterhalter M Muumlnte S et al Auricular acupuncture for dental anxiety A randomized controlled trial Anesth Analg 2007104(2)295ndash300 [PubMed]

23 Rosted P Bundgaard M Gordon S Pedersen AM Acupuncture in the management of anxiety related to dental treatment A case series Acupunct Med 201028(1)3ndash5 [PubMed]

24 Sari E Sari T The role of acupuncture in the treatment of orthodontic patients with a gagging reflex A pilot study Br Dent J 2010208(10)E19 [PubMed]

25 Rosted P Bundgaard M Fiske J Pedersen AM The use of acupuncture in controlling the gag reflex in patients requiring an upper alginate impression An audit Br Dent J 2006201(11)721ndash725discussion715 [PubMed]

26 List T Acupuncture in the treatment of patients with craniomandibular disorders Comparative longitudinal and methodological studies Swed Dent J Suppl 1992871ndash159 [PubMed]

27 Park J White A Stevinson C Ernst E James M Validating a new non-penetrating sham acupuncture device Two randomised controlled trials Acupunct Med 200220(4)168ndash174 [PubMed]

28 Shen YF Younger J Goddard G Mackey S Randomized clinical trial of acupuncture for myofascial pain of the jaw muscles J OrofacPain 200923(4)353ndash359 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

29 Cho SH Whang WW Acupuncture for temporomandibular disorders A systematic review J Orofac Pain 201024(2)152ndash162 [PubMed]

30 Johnstone PA Peng YP May BC Inouye WS Niemtzow RC Acupuncture for pilocarpine-resistant xerostomia following radiotherapy for head and neck malignancies Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 200150(2)353ndash357 [PubMed]

31 Furness S Bryan G McMillan R Worthington HV Interventions for the management of dry mouth Non-pharmacological interventions Cochrane Database Syst Rev 20138CD009603 [PubMed]

32 Silva SA Acupuncture for the relief of pain of facial and dental origin Anesth Prog 198936(4ndash5)244ndash245 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

33 Chien TJ Liu CY Hsu CH Integrating acupuncture into cancer care J Tradit Complement Med 20133(4)234ndash239 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

34 Liang F Li Y Yu S et al A multicentral randomized control study on clinical acupuncture treatment of Bells palsy J Tradit Chin Med 200626(1)3ndash7 [PubMed]

35 Bensoussan A Systematic review of acupuncture in dental pain Focus Altern Complement Ther 1999415ndash16

36 Pomeranz B Scientific basis of acupuncture In Stux G editor Pomeranz B editor eds Acupuncture Textbook and Atlas Heidelberg Springer-Verlag 19871ndash18

37 Kavoussi B Ross BE The neuroimmune basis of anti-inflammatory acupuncture Integr Cancer Ther 20076(3)251ndash257 [PubMed]

Thanks to httpswwwncbinlmnihgovpmcarticlesPMC4270142

Naik PN Kiran RA Yalamanchal S Kumar VA Goli S Vashist N Acupuncture An Alternative Therapy in Dentistry and Its Possible Applications Medical Acupuncture 201426(6)308-314 doi101089acu20141028

Ann Ital Chir 1995 May-Jun66(3)373-8

[Treatment of trigeminal neuralgia with electroacupuncture Experience with 104

cases]Costantini D Tomasello C Buonopane CE Sances D Marandola M Delogu G

Istituto di Anestesiologia e Rianimazione Universitagrave degli Studi di Roma La

Sapienza

The essential or secondary trigeminal neuralgia is a very frequent and invalidant disease In this forms the medical or surgical conventional therapies are often inadequate In this study we evaluated the effects of the acupunctural therapy on 104 patients (mean age 523 +- 13 years) with idiopathic or secondary trigeminal neuralgia Utilizing cycles of twelve sessions the acupunctural treatment was performed with an electrostimulator on local points and a distance or on aching points in the secondary forms The results was evaluated on the basis of three parameters (reappearance of the symptomatology absence of pain in months and preceding treatments) and was defined using this scale very well well fair and null In conclusion we can say that acupuncture is an elective treatment in all kinds of secondary tregeminalneuralgia while in the idiopathic form its validity is conditioned by preceding medical treatments and by beginning of the disease

Braz Dent J 200718(2)158-62

Electro-acupuncture efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar

surgeryTavares MG Machado AP Motta BG Borsatto MC Rosa AL Xavier SP

Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology School of Dentistry

of Ribeiratildeo Preto University of Sao Paulo Ribeiratildeo Preto SP Brazil

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of electro-acupuncture (EAC) on postoperative pain control after mandibular third molar surgery Twenty four young patients (12 male and 12 female) with symmetrically impacted mandibular third molars were selected Each patient was submitted to two separate surgical procedures under local anesthesia At one side extraction was carried out employing both prior (24h) and immediately postoperative application of EAC while on the contralateral side surgery was carried out without any treatment EAC was applied on 6 bilateral systemic and 2 auricular points with a WQ10Dl appliance using 40-60Hz frequency for 20 min and individually adjusted intensity Postoperative pain intensity was rated on a 100 mm visual analog scale (VAS) between 2 and 72 h and recording the amount of analgesics intake after surgery Statistical analysis was performed using theWilcoxon test Postoperative pain VAS scores were significantly lower for the EAC group (plt005) and analgesic intake decreased (plt005) for all evaluated periods (plt005) Under the tested conditions EAC therapy is efficient was proved controlling postoperative pain following mandibular third molar surgical removal

J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2005 Apr33(2)118-22

Acupuncture analgesia and its application in cranio-maxillofacial surgical

procedures Pohodenko-Chudakova IODepartment of Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery Faculty of Stomatology

Belarussian State Medical University Minsk Belarus ip-cyandexru

PATIENTS AND METHODS Acupuncture analgesia was applied in 120 patients In 20 of these surgery was carried out under general anaesthesia in combination with acupuncture analgesia In 100 patients acupuncture analgesia was applied in addition to traditional postoperative analgesia In case of troublesome postoperative pain it was necessary to carry out additional sessions (1-4) of acupuncture stimulation

RESULTS When acupuncture analgesia was used the pulse rate and blood pressure during surgery generally remained stable In the present study serum cortisol was also measured and showed only minor elevation

CONCLUSION Acupuncture analgesia can be a useful adjunct to conventional anaesthesia in maxillofacial surgery

J Orofac Pain 2009 Fall23(4)353-9

Randomized clinical trial of acupuncture for myofascial pain of the jaw muscles Shen YF Younger J Goddard G Mackey S

Department of oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Center for Orofacial Pain University

of California San Francisco San Francisco CA 94143-0768 USA

METHODS Twenty-eight subjects over the age of 18 and diagnosed with chronic myofascial pain of the jaw muscles were randomized to receive real (n = 16) or sham (n = 12) acupuncture

RESULTS Subjects receiving real acupuncture experienced a significant reduction in jaw pain (P = 04) jawface tightness (P = 04) and neck pain (P = 04) and a significant increase in pain tolerance of the masseter muscle (P = 001) Subjects were not able to determine whether they received real or sham acupuncture (P = 69) No significant pain reductions were observed in the sham acupuncture group

CONCLUSION A single acupuncture session using one acupoint at Hegu large intestine 4 significantly reduced most myofascial pain endpoints when compared to sham acupuncture

MIND BODY ARTICLES

Read some other articles

How Mindfulness Meditation Can Help People With Rheumatoid

Arthritis (huffingtonpostcom)

How Meditation Changes Pain Relieves

Depression (psychologytodaycom)

How Meditation Might Relieve Pain (forbescom)

Neural correlates of pain reduction through

meditation (mindblogdericbowndsnet)

Pain Is No Matter for the Meditative Mind (brainbloggercom)

MIND-BODY Pain Relief Research

Reduced disability secondary to back pain improvements on global and physical health and improved pain levels compared to pre-intervention levels

Morone N Weiner D amp Greco C (2005) Randomized trial of mindfulness meditation in older adults for the treatment of chronic low back pain

- 34 of patients gtgt 33 decrease in pain- 12 of patients gtgt 50 decrease in pain - 44 of patients gtgt decreased analgesic use- 28 of patients gtgt discontinued analgesics

The Clinical Use of Mindfulness Meditation for the Self-Regulation of Chronic Pain Kabat-Zinn J Journal of Behavioral Medicine 1985

Many patients needed less pain medication After fifteen months not only did they suffer less pain but because they suffered less pain they also suffered less from depression and anxiety

WE Mehling KA Hamel M Acree N Byl and FM Hecht Randomized controlled trial of breath therapy for patients with chronic low-back pain Altern Ther Health Med 2005 JulndashAug 11(4)44ndash52

Chronic Pain

Acceptance-based interventions such as mindfulness-based stress reduction program and acceptance and commitment therapy are alternative approaches to cognitive behavioral therapy for treating patients wtih chronic pain In this systematic review and meta-analysis twenty-two studies were included totaling 1235 patients with chronic pain The results suggest that a mindfulness-based stress reduction program and acceptance and commitment therapy can be good alternatives to cognitive behavioral therapy More high-quality studies are needed Acceptance-based therapies have small to medium effects on physical and mental health in chronic pain patients comparable to those of cognitive behavioral therapy

Veehof MM Oskam MJ Schreurs KM Bohlmeijer ET Acceptance-based interventions for the treatment of chronic pain a systematic review and meta-analysis Pain 152(3)533-42 2011

Ten studies were included in this review Mindfulness-based interventions showed non-specific effects for the reduction of pain symptoms and the improvement of depressive symptoms in patients with chronic pain There were also some improvements in psychologic measures related to chronic pain including pain coping Further research in larger studies is warranted

Chiesa A Serretti A Mindfulness-based interventions for chronic pain a systematic review of the evidence Journal of Alternative amp Complementary Medicine 17(1) 83-93 2011

Page 13: ACUPUNCTURE AND FACIAL PAIN - Darcy Nat · (Bensoussan 1999, Rosted 1998, Ernst 1998). Controlled trials have shown that ear acupuncture is as effective as intranasal midazolam in

Case History

Temporalis Muscle Trigger Points Acupuncture Points

Conditions to consider integrating Acupuncture

bull Dental pain

bull Dental anxiety and gag reflex

bull Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain or temporomandibular disorder (TMD)

bull TMJ clicking and locking

bull Chronic muscle pain or spasm

bull Atypical facial pain

bull Headache (tension headache migraine)

bull Xerostomia (dry mouth)

bull Nerve pain (neuralgia especially trigeminal neuralgia neuropathic pain nerve injury)

bull Paresthesia or anesthesia of the oral and paraoral structures

Introduction to Acupuncture in DentistryBRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL

ldquoAcupuncture is not a miracle cure and is not going to replace the drill However the technique can be a supplement to conventional treatments in TMDs facial pain pain management Sjoslashegrens syndrome and in phobias and anxietyrdquo

Acupuncture does have a scientific background and the efficacy has been tested in a number of clinical trials including pain management facial pain TMD and increasing of the pain thresholdrdquo

It is concluded that acupuncture could supplement conventional treatment modalities Its value in the treatment of temporomandibular dysfunction syndrome and facial pain has been well documented and supported by randomisedcontrolled trials Although it may be useful in the control of post-operative pain its use as sole analgesia for operative care is questionable The mode of action of acupuncture can be explained with reference to modern neurophysiology

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry P Rosted BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL VOLUME 189 NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

httpwwwexodontiainfofilesBDJ_2000_Acupuncture_-_Introduction_to_Acupuncture_in_Dentistrypdf

Electro-acupuncture (EA)efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar surgeryand Postoperative pain and swelling

Postoperative pain and swelling after third-molar surgery are usually controlled by administering drugs to patients before and after surgery Nonsteroidal anti-inflamatorydrugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used to produce an inhibitory effect on the cyclo-oxygenase enzyme However these drugs are associated with increased bleeding tendency gastric ulcerations and other adverse effects

Tavares et alevaluated the efficacy of EA on postoperative pain control after mandibular third-molar surgery Postoperative pain intensity (rated on a 10-cm visual analogue scale [VAS]) was significantly lower for the EA side and analgesic intake decreased for all evaluated periods The researchers concluded that EA controlled postoperative pain following mandibular third-molar surgical removal

16 Tavares MG Machado AP Motta BG BorsattoMC Rosa AL Xavier SP Electro-acupuncture efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar surgery Braz Dent J 200718(2)158ndash162 [PubMed]

MIND-BODYnothing is 100 in the mind orhellip 100 in the bodyhellip but some mix

between perception and sensation

A report from the Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center states

that ldquomeditation can be more effective than morphine This

is the first study to show that only a little over an hour of

meditation training can dramatically reduce both the

experience of pain and pain-related brain activation

40 per cent reduction in pain intensity and a

57 per cent reduction in pain unpleasantness

Meditation produced a greater reduction in pain than even

morphine or other pain-relieving drugs which typically

reduce pain ratings by about 25 per cent

MIND-BODYThe mind is the most powerful pharmaceutical factory on earth

Studies demonstrate that by doing only 20 minutes-a-day of a Guided Pain Relief Meditation Technique over a five-week period showed significant improvement for

A higher tolerance to pain

Decreased anxiety stress and depression

Increased activity levels

Decreased use of pain-related medications

Increased levels of self-esteem

(Mills 1981 Kabat-Zinn 1985 Harmon 1999)

MIND-BODYGUIDED PAIN RELIEF PROGRAM

Download the Natural Pain Relief Workbook

Pain Evaluation See what your pain score is before you start and then re-take it at the end for some good news

Download the Audios 20 minutes per day

Sweeping the Body Relaxation Week One Awareness technique ldquoSweeping the Bodyrdquo Relaxation

Guided Pain Relief Technique Week Two ldquoSofteningrdquo around the pain technique this is the main technique to practice

Rebalancing the Mind Week Three Balance Technique Re-balancing the Mind

Relaxing into Sleep Will help you relax and fall into a deep restful sleep

Free Access athellip

httpwwwtrue-wellnesscomindexphpprogramsmind-bodypain-relief

This may move to wwwdarcynatcom

Acupuncture Studies

taken from Dentistry

Journals and Papers

Introduction to

acupuncture in

dentistry P Rosted

BRITISH DENTAL

JOURNAL VOLUME 189

NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

Introduction to acupuncture

in dentistry P Rosted BRITISH

DENTAL JOURNAL VOLUME

189 NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry P Rosted BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL VOLUME 189

NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

StudiesStudies

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry P

Rosted BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL

VOLUME 189 NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

Acupuncture in 11 out of 15 studies proved effective in the

treatment of temperomandibular dysfunction (TMD) and as analgesia

The use of acupuncture in dentistry a review of the scientific validity of published paper

Oral Dis 1998 Jun4(2)100-4

(Bensoussan 1999 Rosted 1998 Ernst 1998) Controlled trials have shown that ear acupuncture is as effective as intranasal midazolam in reducing dental anxiety

(Karst 2007) and that acupuncture is more effective than placebo in the prevention of post-operative dental pain

(Lao 1999) and in reducing the gagging reflex

(Sari 2010) Evidence from case series suggests that acupuncture can reduce dental anxiety

(Rosted 2010) and the gagging reflex

(Rosted 2006) and that electroacupuncture can control post-operative pain after wisdom tooth extraction

(Tarares 2007) One controlled study found no effect on the pain threashold of dental pulp

(Goddard 2009)The systematic reviews are now more than 10 years old and up-to-date ones are called for to better evaluate the evidence

In general acupuncture is believed to stimulate the nervous system and cause the release of neurochemical messenger molecules The resulting biochemical changes influence the bodys homeostatic mechanisms thus promoting physical and emotional well-being Stimulation of certain acupuncture points has been shown to affect areas of the brain that are known to reduce sensitivity to pain and stress as well as promoting relaxation and deactivating the analytical brain which is responsible for anxiety (Wu 1999)

Acupuncture may help relieve dental pain by

stimulating nerves located in muscles and other tissues which leads to release of endorphins and other neurohumoral factors (eg neuropeptide Y serotonin) and changes the processing of pain in the brain and spinal cord (Pomeranz 1987 Han 2004 Zhao 2008 Zhou 2008 Lee 2009 Cheng 2009)

reducing the cardiovascular reflex elicited by toothache which is associated with the adrenergic system (Jung 2006)

increasing the release of adenosine which has antinociceptive properties (Goldman 2010)

modulating the limbic-paralimbic-neocortical network (Hui 2009)

reducing inflammation by promoting release of vascular and immunomodulatory factors (Kavoussi 2007 Zijlstra 2003)

increasing local microcirculation (Komori 2009) which aids dispersal of swelling

British Acupuncture Council

Systematic reviews

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry

Br Dent J 2000 Aug 12189(3)136-40

Rosted P

The use of acupuncture in dentistry a review of the scientific validity of published papers

Oral Dis 1998 Jun4(2)100-4

Rosted P

Temporomandibular Dysfunction

Practical recommendations for the use of acupuncture in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders based on the outcome of published controlled studies

Oral Dis 2001 Mar7(2)109-15

Rosted P

Effectiveness of acupuncture in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders of muscular origin a systematic review of the last decade

La Touche R Angulo-Diacuteaz-Parrentildeo S de-la-Hoz JL Fernaacutendez-CarneroJ Ge HY Linares MT Mesa J Saacutenchez-Gutieacuterrez J J AlternComplement Med 2010 Jan16(1)107-12

Bells Palsy

Physical therapy for Bellrsquos palsy (idiopathic facial paralysis)

Teixeira LJ Valbuza JS Prado GF Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011 Dec 7(12)CD006283

Department of Neurology West China Hospital Sichuan University Wai Nan Guo Xue Xiang 37 Chengdu Sichuan China 610041

Dental painThe effectiveness of acupuncture in treating acute dental pain a systematic reviewErnst E Pittler MH Br Dent J 1998 May 9184(9)443-7

Dry Mouth

Randomized controlled trial of acupuncture for prevention of radiation-induced xerostomia among patients with nasopharyngeal carcinomaMeng Z Garcia MK Hu C Chiang J Chambers M Rosenthal DI Peng H Zhang Y Zhao Q Zhao G Liu L Spelman A Palmer JL Wei Q Cohen LCancer 2012 Jul 1118(13)3337-44 doi 101002cncr26550 Epub 2011 Nov 9

Dental AnxietyAuricular acupuncture effectively reduces state anxiety before dental treatment ndash a randomised controlled trialMichalek-Sauberer A Gusenleitner E Gleiss A Tepper G Deusch EClin Oral Investig 2012 Jan 6 [Epub ahead of print]

Trigeminal NeuralgiaPractical application of meridian acupuncture treatment for trigeminal neuralgiaBeppu S Sato Y Amemiya Y Tode IAnesth Pain Control Dent 1992 Spring1(2)103-8

Post Operative Dental PainAcupuncture treatment of pain dysfunction syndrome after dental extractionRosted P Joslashrgensen VAcupunct Med 2002 Dec20(4)191-2

Thanks to httpbenzappincomacupuncture-in-dentistry

1 Rosted P Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry Br Dent J 2000189(3)136ndash140 [PubMed]

2 Stux G Pomeranz G Scientific Basis of Acupuncture Acupuncture Textbook and Atlas Heidelberg Springer Verlag 1987

3 Lao L Bergman S Langenberg P Wong RH Berman B Efficacy of Chinese acupuncture on postoperative oral surgery pain Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 199579(4)423ndash428[PubMed]

4 Rosted P The use of acupuncture in dentistry A systematic review Acupunct Med 199816(1)43ndash48

5 Wong LB Acupuncture in dentistry Its possible role and application Proc Singapore Healthcare 201221(1)432ndash448

6 Michalek-Sauberer A Heinzl H Sator-Katzenschlager SM Monov G Knolle E Kress HGPerioperative auricular electroacupuncture has no effect on pain and analgesic consumption after third molar tooth extraction Anesth Analg 2007104(3)542ndash547 [PubMed]

7 Ulett GA Han S Han JS Electroacupuncture Mechanisms and clinical application Biol Psychiatr 199844(2)129ndash138 [PubMed]

8 Fang J Jin Z Wang Y et al The salient characteristics of the central effects of acupuncture needling Limbicndashparalimbicndashneocortical network modulation Hum Brain Mapp 200930(4)1196ndash1206 [PubMed]

9 National Institutes of Health (NIH) NIH Consensus Conference Acupuncture JAMA 1998280(17)1518ndash1524 [PubMed]

10 Ernst E Pittler MH The effectiveness of acupuncture in treating acute dental pain A systematic review Br Dent J 1998184(9)443ndash447 [PubMed]

11 Goddard G Albers D Effects of acupuncture at Large Intestine 4 (LI 4) on electrical tooth pulp stimulation A randomized controlled pilot study Med Acupunct 200921(3)167ndash171

12 Chapman CR Chen AC Bonica JJ Effects of intrasegmental electrical acupuncture on dental pain Evaluation by threshold estimation and sensory decision Pain 19773(3)213ndash227 [PubMed]

13 Andersson S Lundeberg T Acupuncturemdashfrom empiricism to science Functional background to [sic] acupuncture effects in pain and disease Med Hypotheses 199545(3)271ndash281 [PubMed]

14 Rosted P Bundgaard M Can acupuncture reduce the induction time of a local anaestheticmdashA pilot study Acupunct Med 200321(3)92ndash99 [PubMed]

15 Simmons MS Oleson TD Auricular electrical stimulation and dental pain threshold Anesth Prog 199340(1)14ndash19 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

16 Tavares MG Machado AP Motta BG Borsatto MC Rosa AL Xavier SP Electro-acupuncture efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar surgery Braz Dent J 200718(2)158ndash162 [PubMed]

17 Lao L Bergman S Hamilton GR Langenberg P Berman B Evaluation of acupuncture for pain control after oral surgery A placebo-controlled trial Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1999125(5)567ndash572 [PubMed]

18 Ribeiro DC Dental Acupuncture A Technique Against Pain 1st ed Satildeo Paulo Iacutecone 2002

19 Kitade T Ohyabu H Analgesic effects of acupuncture on pain after mandibular wisdom tooth extraction Acupunct Electrother Res 200025(2)109ndash115 [PubMed]

20 Ekblom A Hansson P Thomsson M Thomas M Increased postoperative pain and consumption of analgesics following acupuncture Pain 199144(3)241ndash247 [PubMed]

21 Zijlstra FJ van den Berg-de Lange I Huygen FJ Klein J Anti-inflammatory actions of acupuncture Mediators Inflamm 200312(2)59ndash69 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

22 Karst M Winterhalter M Muumlnte S et al Auricular acupuncture for dental anxiety A randomized controlled trial Anesth Analg 2007104(2)295ndash300 [PubMed]

23 Rosted P Bundgaard M Gordon S Pedersen AM Acupuncture in the management of anxiety related to dental treatment A case series Acupunct Med 201028(1)3ndash5 [PubMed]

24 Sari E Sari T The role of acupuncture in the treatment of orthodontic patients with a gagging reflex A pilot study Br Dent J 2010208(10)E19 [PubMed]

25 Rosted P Bundgaard M Fiske J Pedersen AM The use of acupuncture in controlling the gag reflex in patients requiring an upper alginate impression An audit Br Dent J 2006201(11)721ndash725discussion715 [PubMed]

26 List T Acupuncture in the treatment of patients with craniomandibular disorders Comparative longitudinal and methodological studies Swed Dent J Suppl 1992871ndash159 [PubMed]

27 Park J White A Stevinson C Ernst E James M Validating a new non-penetrating sham acupuncture device Two randomised controlled trials Acupunct Med 200220(4)168ndash174 [PubMed]

28 Shen YF Younger J Goddard G Mackey S Randomized clinical trial of acupuncture for myofascial pain of the jaw muscles J OrofacPain 200923(4)353ndash359 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

29 Cho SH Whang WW Acupuncture for temporomandibular disorders A systematic review J Orofac Pain 201024(2)152ndash162 [PubMed]

30 Johnstone PA Peng YP May BC Inouye WS Niemtzow RC Acupuncture for pilocarpine-resistant xerostomia following radiotherapy for head and neck malignancies Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 200150(2)353ndash357 [PubMed]

31 Furness S Bryan G McMillan R Worthington HV Interventions for the management of dry mouth Non-pharmacological interventions Cochrane Database Syst Rev 20138CD009603 [PubMed]

32 Silva SA Acupuncture for the relief of pain of facial and dental origin Anesth Prog 198936(4ndash5)244ndash245 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

33 Chien TJ Liu CY Hsu CH Integrating acupuncture into cancer care J Tradit Complement Med 20133(4)234ndash239 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

34 Liang F Li Y Yu S et al A multicentral randomized control study on clinical acupuncture treatment of Bells palsy J Tradit Chin Med 200626(1)3ndash7 [PubMed]

35 Bensoussan A Systematic review of acupuncture in dental pain Focus Altern Complement Ther 1999415ndash16

36 Pomeranz B Scientific basis of acupuncture In Stux G editor Pomeranz B editor eds Acupuncture Textbook and Atlas Heidelberg Springer-Verlag 19871ndash18

37 Kavoussi B Ross BE The neuroimmune basis of anti-inflammatory acupuncture Integr Cancer Ther 20076(3)251ndash257 [PubMed]

Thanks to httpswwwncbinlmnihgovpmcarticlesPMC4270142

Naik PN Kiran RA Yalamanchal S Kumar VA Goli S Vashist N Acupuncture An Alternative Therapy in Dentistry and Its Possible Applications Medical Acupuncture 201426(6)308-314 doi101089acu20141028

Ann Ital Chir 1995 May-Jun66(3)373-8

[Treatment of trigeminal neuralgia with electroacupuncture Experience with 104

cases]Costantini D Tomasello C Buonopane CE Sances D Marandola M Delogu G

Istituto di Anestesiologia e Rianimazione Universitagrave degli Studi di Roma La

Sapienza

The essential or secondary trigeminal neuralgia is a very frequent and invalidant disease In this forms the medical or surgical conventional therapies are often inadequate In this study we evaluated the effects of the acupunctural therapy on 104 patients (mean age 523 +- 13 years) with idiopathic or secondary trigeminal neuralgia Utilizing cycles of twelve sessions the acupunctural treatment was performed with an electrostimulator on local points and a distance or on aching points in the secondary forms The results was evaluated on the basis of three parameters (reappearance of the symptomatology absence of pain in months and preceding treatments) and was defined using this scale very well well fair and null In conclusion we can say that acupuncture is an elective treatment in all kinds of secondary tregeminalneuralgia while in the idiopathic form its validity is conditioned by preceding medical treatments and by beginning of the disease

Braz Dent J 200718(2)158-62

Electro-acupuncture efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar

surgeryTavares MG Machado AP Motta BG Borsatto MC Rosa AL Xavier SP

Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology School of Dentistry

of Ribeiratildeo Preto University of Sao Paulo Ribeiratildeo Preto SP Brazil

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of electro-acupuncture (EAC) on postoperative pain control after mandibular third molar surgery Twenty four young patients (12 male and 12 female) with symmetrically impacted mandibular third molars were selected Each patient was submitted to two separate surgical procedures under local anesthesia At one side extraction was carried out employing both prior (24h) and immediately postoperative application of EAC while on the contralateral side surgery was carried out without any treatment EAC was applied on 6 bilateral systemic and 2 auricular points with a WQ10Dl appliance using 40-60Hz frequency for 20 min and individually adjusted intensity Postoperative pain intensity was rated on a 100 mm visual analog scale (VAS) between 2 and 72 h and recording the amount of analgesics intake after surgery Statistical analysis was performed using theWilcoxon test Postoperative pain VAS scores were significantly lower for the EAC group (plt005) and analgesic intake decreased (plt005) for all evaluated periods (plt005) Under the tested conditions EAC therapy is efficient was proved controlling postoperative pain following mandibular third molar surgical removal

J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2005 Apr33(2)118-22

Acupuncture analgesia and its application in cranio-maxillofacial surgical

procedures Pohodenko-Chudakova IODepartment of Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery Faculty of Stomatology

Belarussian State Medical University Minsk Belarus ip-cyandexru

PATIENTS AND METHODS Acupuncture analgesia was applied in 120 patients In 20 of these surgery was carried out under general anaesthesia in combination with acupuncture analgesia In 100 patients acupuncture analgesia was applied in addition to traditional postoperative analgesia In case of troublesome postoperative pain it was necessary to carry out additional sessions (1-4) of acupuncture stimulation

RESULTS When acupuncture analgesia was used the pulse rate and blood pressure during surgery generally remained stable In the present study serum cortisol was also measured and showed only minor elevation

CONCLUSION Acupuncture analgesia can be a useful adjunct to conventional anaesthesia in maxillofacial surgery

J Orofac Pain 2009 Fall23(4)353-9

Randomized clinical trial of acupuncture for myofascial pain of the jaw muscles Shen YF Younger J Goddard G Mackey S

Department of oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Center for Orofacial Pain University

of California San Francisco San Francisco CA 94143-0768 USA

METHODS Twenty-eight subjects over the age of 18 and diagnosed with chronic myofascial pain of the jaw muscles were randomized to receive real (n = 16) or sham (n = 12) acupuncture

RESULTS Subjects receiving real acupuncture experienced a significant reduction in jaw pain (P = 04) jawface tightness (P = 04) and neck pain (P = 04) and a significant increase in pain tolerance of the masseter muscle (P = 001) Subjects were not able to determine whether they received real or sham acupuncture (P = 69) No significant pain reductions were observed in the sham acupuncture group

CONCLUSION A single acupuncture session using one acupoint at Hegu large intestine 4 significantly reduced most myofascial pain endpoints when compared to sham acupuncture

MIND BODY ARTICLES

Read some other articles

How Mindfulness Meditation Can Help People With Rheumatoid

Arthritis (huffingtonpostcom)

How Meditation Changes Pain Relieves

Depression (psychologytodaycom)

How Meditation Might Relieve Pain (forbescom)

Neural correlates of pain reduction through

meditation (mindblogdericbowndsnet)

Pain Is No Matter for the Meditative Mind (brainbloggercom)

MIND-BODY Pain Relief Research

Reduced disability secondary to back pain improvements on global and physical health and improved pain levels compared to pre-intervention levels

Morone N Weiner D amp Greco C (2005) Randomized trial of mindfulness meditation in older adults for the treatment of chronic low back pain

- 34 of patients gtgt 33 decrease in pain- 12 of patients gtgt 50 decrease in pain - 44 of patients gtgt decreased analgesic use- 28 of patients gtgt discontinued analgesics

The Clinical Use of Mindfulness Meditation for the Self-Regulation of Chronic Pain Kabat-Zinn J Journal of Behavioral Medicine 1985

Many patients needed less pain medication After fifteen months not only did they suffer less pain but because they suffered less pain they also suffered less from depression and anxiety

WE Mehling KA Hamel M Acree N Byl and FM Hecht Randomized controlled trial of breath therapy for patients with chronic low-back pain Altern Ther Health Med 2005 JulndashAug 11(4)44ndash52

Chronic Pain

Acceptance-based interventions such as mindfulness-based stress reduction program and acceptance and commitment therapy are alternative approaches to cognitive behavioral therapy for treating patients wtih chronic pain In this systematic review and meta-analysis twenty-two studies were included totaling 1235 patients with chronic pain The results suggest that a mindfulness-based stress reduction program and acceptance and commitment therapy can be good alternatives to cognitive behavioral therapy More high-quality studies are needed Acceptance-based therapies have small to medium effects on physical and mental health in chronic pain patients comparable to those of cognitive behavioral therapy

Veehof MM Oskam MJ Schreurs KM Bohlmeijer ET Acceptance-based interventions for the treatment of chronic pain a systematic review and meta-analysis Pain 152(3)533-42 2011

Ten studies were included in this review Mindfulness-based interventions showed non-specific effects for the reduction of pain symptoms and the improvement of depressive symptoms in patients with chronic pain There were also some improvements in psychologic measures related to chronic pain including pain coping Further research in larger studies is warranted

Chiesa A Serretti A Mindfulness-based interventions for chronic pain a systematic review of the evidence Journal of Alternative amp Complementary Medicine 17(1) 83-93 2011

Page 14: ACUPUNCTURE AND FACIAL PAIN - Darcy Nat · (Bensoussan 1999, Rosted 1998, Ernst 1998). Controlled trials have shown that ear acupuncture is as effective as intranasal midazolam in

Conditions to consider integrating Acupuncture

bull Dental pain

bull Dental anxiety and gag reflex

bull Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain or temporomandibular disorder (TMD)

bull TMJ clicking and locking

bull Chronic muscle pain or spasm

bull Atypical facial pain

bull Headache (tension headache migraine)

bull Xerostomia (dry mouth)

bull Nerve pain (neuralgia especially trigeminal neuralgia neuropathic pain nerve injury)

bull Paresthesia or anesthesia of the oral and paraoral structures

Introduction to Acupuncture in DentistryBRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL

ldquoAcupuncture is not a miracle cure and is not going to replace the drill However the technique can be a supplement to conventional treatments in TMDs facial pain pain management Sjoslashegrens syndrome and in phobias and anxietyrdquo

Acupuncture does have a scientific background and the efficacy has been tested in a number of clinical trials including pain management facial pain TMD and increasing of the pain thresholdrdquo

It is concluded that acupuncture could supplement conventional treatment modalities Its value in the treatment of temporomandibular dysfunction syndrome and facial pain has been well documented and supported by randomisedcontrolled trials Although it may be useful in the control of post-operative pain its use as sole analgesia for operative care is questionable The mode of action of acupuncture can be explained with reference to modern neurophysiology

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry P Rosted BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL VOLUME 189 NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

httpwwwexodontiainfofilesBDJ_2000_Acupuncture_-_Introduction_to_Acupuncture_in_Dentistrypdf

Electro-acupuncture (EA)efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar surgeryand Postoperative pain and swelling

Postoperative pain and swelling after third-molar surgery are usually controlled by administering drugs to patients before and after surgery Nonsteroidal anti-inflamatorydrugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used to produce an inhibitory effect on the cyclo-oxygenase enzyme However these drugs are associated with increased bleeding tendency gastric ulcerations and other adverse effects

Tavares et alevaluated the efficacy of EA on postoperative pain control after mandibular third-molar surgery Postoperative pain intensity (rated on a 10-cm visual analogue scale [VAS]) was significantly lower for the EA side and analgesic intake decreased for all evaluated periods The researchers concluded that EA controlled postoperative pain following mandibular third-molar surgical removal

16 Tavares MG Machado AP Motta BG BorsattoMC Rosa AL Xavier SP Electro-acupuncture efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar surgery Braz Dent J 200718(2)158ndash162 [PubMed]

MIND-BODYnothing is 100 in the mind orhellip 100 in the bodyhellip but some mix

between perception and sensation

A report from the Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center states

that ldquomeditation can be more effective than morphine This

is the first study to show that only a little over an hour of

meditation training can dramatically reduce both the

experience of pain and pain-related brain activation

40 per cent reduction in pain intensity and a

57 per cent reduction in pain unpleasantness

Meditation produced a greater reduction in pain than even

morphine or other pain-relieving drugs which typically

reduce pain ratings by about 25 per cent

MIND-BODYThe mind is the most powerful pharmaceutical factory on earth

Studies demonstrate that by doing only 20 minutes-a-day of a Guided Pain Relief Meditation Technique over a five-week period showed significant improvement for

A higher tolerance to pain

Decreased anxiety stress and depression

Increased activity levels

Decreased use of pain-related medications

Increased levels of self-esteem

(Mills 1981 Kabat-Zinn 1985 Harmon 1999)

MIND-BODYGUIDED PAIN RELIEF PROGRAM

Download the Natural Pain Relief Workbook

Pain Evaluation See what your pain score is before you start and then re-take it at the end for some good news

Download the Audios 20 minutes per day

Sweeping the Body Relaxation Week One Awareness technique ldquoSweeping the Bodyrdquo Relaxation

Guided Pain Relief Technique Week Two ldquoSofteningrdquo around the pain technique this is the main technique to practice

Rebalancing the Mind Week Three Balance Technique Re-balancing the Mind

Relaxing into Sleep Will help you relax and fall into a deep restful sleep

Free Access athellip

httpwwwtrue-wellnesscomindexphpprogramsmind-bodypain-relief

This may move to wwwdarcynatcom

Acupuncture Studies

taken from Dentistry

Journals and Papers

Introduction to

acupuncture in

dentistry P Rosted

BRITISH DENTAL

JOURNAL VOLUME 189

NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

Introduction to acupuncture

in dentistry P Rosted BRITISH

DENTAL JOURNAL VOLUME

189 NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry P Rosted BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL VOLUME 189

NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

StudiesStudies

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry P

Rosted BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL

VOLUME 189 NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

Acupuncture in 11 out of 15 studies proved effective in the

treatment of temperomandibular dysfunction (TMD) and as analgesia

The use of acupuncture in dentistry a review of the scientific validity of published paper

Oral Dis 1998 Jun4(2)100-4

(Bensoussan 1999 Rosted 1998 Ernst 1998) Controlled trials have shown that ear acupuncture is as effective as intranasal midazolam in reducing dental anxiety

(Karst 2007) and that acupuncture is more effective than placebo in the prevention of post-operative dental pain

(Lao 1999) and in reducing the gagging reflex

(Sari 2010) Evidence from case series suggests that acupuncture can reduce dental anxiety

(Rosted 2010) and the gagging reflex

(Rosted 2006) and that electroacupuncture can control post-operative pain after wisdom tooth extraction

(Tarares 2007) One controlled study found no effect on the pain threashold of dental pulp

(Goddard 2009)The systematic reviews are now more than 10 years old and up-to-date ones are called for to better evaluate the evidence

In general acupuncture is believed to stimulate the nervous system and cause the release of neurochemical messenger molecules The resulting biochemical changes influence the bodys homeostatic mechanisms thus promoting physical and emotional well-being Stimulation of certain acupuncture points has been shown to affect areas of the brain that are known to reduce sensitivity to pain and stress as well as promoting relaxation and deactivating the analytical brain which is responsible for anxiety (Wu 1999)

Acupuncture may help relieve dental pain by

stimulating nerves located in muscles and other tissues which leads to release of endorphins and other neurohumoral factors (eg neuropeptide Y serotonin) and changes the processing of pain in the brain and spinal cord (Pomeranz 1987 Han 2004 Zhao 2008 Zhou 2008 Lee 2009 Cheng 2009)

reducing the cardiovascular reflex elicited by toothache which is associated with the adrenergic system (Jung 2006)

increasing the release of adenosine which has antinociceptive properties (Goldman 2010)

modulating the limbic-paralimbic-neocortical network (Hui 2009)

reducing inflammation by promoting release of vascular and immunomodulatory factors (Kavoussi 2007 Zijlstra 2003)

increasing local microcirculation (Komori 2009) which aids dispersal of swelling

British Acupuncture Council

Systematic reviews

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry

Br Dent J 2000 Aug 12189(3)136-40

Rosted P

The use of acupuncture in dentistry a review of the scientific validity of published papers

Oral Dis 1998 Jun4(2)100-4

Rosted P

Temporomandibular Dysfunction

Practical recommendations for the use of acupuncture in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders based on the outcome of published controlled studies

Oral Dis 2001 Mar7(2)109-15

Rosted P

Effectiveness of acupuncture in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders of muscular origin a systematic review of the last decade

La Touche R Angulo-Diacuteaz-Parrentildeo S de-la-Hoz JL Fernaacutendez-CarneroJ Ge HY Linares MT Mesa J Saacutenchez-Gutieacuterrez J J AlternComplement Med 2010 Jan16(1)107-12

Bells Palsy

Physical therapy for Bellrsquos palsy (idiopathic facial paralysis)

Teixeira LJ Valbuza JS Prado GF Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011 Dec 7(12)CD006283

Department of Neurology West China Hospital Sichuan University Wai Nan Guo Xue Xiang 37 Chengdu Sichuan China 610041

Dental painThe effectiveness of acupuncture in treating acute dental pain a systematic reviewErnst E Pittler MH Br Dent J 1998 May 9184(9)443-7

Dry Mouth

Randomized controlled trial of acupuncture for prevention of radiation-induced xerostomia among patients with nasopharyngeal carcinomaMeng Z Garcia MK Hu C Chiang J Chambers M Rosenthal DI Peng H Zhang Y Zhao Q Zhao G Liu L Spelman A Palmer JL Wei Q Cohen LCancer 2012 Jul 1118(13)3337-44 doi 101002cncr26550 Epub 2011 Nov 9

Dental AnxietyAuricular acupuncture effectively reduces state anxiety before dental treatment ndash a randomised controlled trialMichalek-Sauberer A Gusenleitner E Gleiss A Tepper G Deusch EClin Oral Investig 2012 Jan 6 [Epub ahead of print]

Trigeminal NeuralgiaPractical application of meridian acupuncture treatment for trigeminal neuralgiaBeppu S Sato Y Amemiya Y Tode IAnesth Pain Control Dent 1992 Spring1(2)103-8

Post Operative Dental PainAcupuncture treatment of pain dysfunction syndrome after dental extractionRosted P Joslashrgensen VAcupunct Med 2002 Dec20(4)191-2

Thanks to httpbenzappincomacupuncture-in-dentistry

1 Rosted P Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry Br Dent J 2000189(3)136ndash140 [PubMed]

2 Stux G Pomeranz G Scientific Basis of Acupuncture Acupuncture Textbook and Atlas Heidelberg Springer Verlag 1987

3 Lao L Bergman S Langenberg P Wong RH Berman B Efficacy of Chinese acupuncture on postoperative oral surgery pain Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 199579(4)423ndash428[PubMed]

4 Rosted P The use of acupuncture in dentistry A systematic review Acupunct Med 199816(1)43ndash48

5 Wong LB Acupuncture in dentistry Its possible role and application Proc Singapore Healthcare 201221(1)432ndash448

6 Michalek-Sauberer A Heinzl H Sator-Katzenschlager SM Monov G Knolle E Kress HGPerioperative auricular electroacupuncture has no effect on pain and analgesic consumption after third molar tooth extraction Anesth Analg 2007104(3)542ndash547 [PubMed]

7 Ulett GA Han S Han JS Electroacupuncture Mechanisms and clinical application Biol Psychiatr 199844(2)129ndash138 [PubMed]

8 Fang J Jin Z Wang Y et al The salient characteristics of the central effects of acupuncture needling Limbicndashparalimbicndashneocortical network modulation Hum Brain Mapp 200930(4)1196ndash1206 [PubMed]

9 National Institutes of Health (NIH) NIH Consensus Conference Acupuncture JAMA 1998280(17)1518ndash1524 [PubMed]

10 Ernst E Pittler MH The effectiveness of acupuncture in treating acute dental pain A systematic review Br Dent J 1998184(9)443ndash447 [PubMed]

11 Goddard G Albers D Effects of acupuncture at Large Intestine 4 (LI 4) on electrical tooth pulp stimulation A randomized controlled pilot study Med Acupunct 200921(3)167ndash171

12 Chapman CR Chen AC Bonica JJ Effects of intrasegmental electrical acupuncture on dental pain Evaluation by threshold estimation and sensory decision Pain 19773(3)213ndash227 [PubMed]

13 Andersson S Lundeberg T Acupuncturemdashfrom empiricism to science Functional background to [sic] acupuncture effects in pain and disease Med Hypotheses 199545(3)271ndash281 [PubMed]

14 Rosted P Bundgaard M Can acupuncture reduce the induction time of a local anaestheticmdashA pilot study Acupunct Med 200321(3)92ndash99 [PubMed]

15 Simmons MS Oleson TD Auricular electrical stimulation and dental pain threshold Anesth Prog 199340(1)14ndash19 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

16 Tavares MG Machado AP Motta BG Borsatto MC Rosa AL Xavier SP Electro-acupuncture efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar surgery Braz Dent J 200718(2)158ndash162 [PubMed]

17 Lao L Bergman S Hamilton GR Langenberg P Berman B Evaluation of acupuncture for pain control after oral surgery A placebo-controlled trial Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1999125(5)567ndash572 [PubMed]

18 Ribeiro DC Dental Acupuncture A Technique Against Pain 1st ed Satildeo Paulo Iacutecone 2002

19 Kitade T Ohyabu H Analgesic effects of acupuncture on pain after mandibular wisdom tooth extraction Acupunct Electrother Res 200025(2)109ndash115 [PubMed]

20 Ekblom A Hansson P Thomsson M Thomas M Increased postoperative pain and consumption of analgesics following acupuncture Pain 199144(3)241ndash247 [PubMed]

21 Zijlstra FJ van den Berg-de Lange I Huygen FJ Klein J Anti-inflammatory actions of acupuncture Mediators Inflamm 200312(2)59ndash69 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

22 Karst M Winterhalter M Muumlnte S et al Auricular acupuncture for dental anxiety A randomized controlled trial Anesth Analg 2007104(2)295ndash300 [PubMed]

23 Rosted P Bundgaard M Gordon S Pedersen AM Acupuncture in the management of anxiety related to dental treatment A case series Acupunct Med 201028(1)3ndash5 [PubMed]

24 Sari E Sari T The role of acupuncture in the treatment of orthodontic patients with a gagging reflex A pilot study Br Dent J 2010208(10)E19 [PubMed]

25 Rosted P Bundgaard M Fiske J Pedersen AM The use of acupuncture in controlling the gag reflex in patients requiring an upper alginate impression An audit Br Dent J 2006201(11)721ndash725discussion715 [PubMed]

26 List T Acupuncture in the treatment of patients with craniomandibular disorders Comparative longitudinal and methodological studies Swed Dent J Suppl 1992871ndash159 [PubMed]

27 Park J White A Stevinson C Ernst E James M Validating a new non-penetrating sham acupuncture device Two randomised controlled trials Acupunct Med 200220(4)168ndash174 [PubMed]

28 Shen YF Younger J Goddard G Mackey S Randomized clinical trial of acupuncture for myofascial pain of the jaw muscles J OrofacPain 200923(4)353ndash359 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

29 Cho SH Whang WW Acupuncture for temporomandibular disorders A systematic review J Orofac Pain 201024(2)152ndash162 [PubMed]

30 Johnstone PA Peng YP May BC Inouye WS Niemtzow RC Acupuncture for pilocarpine-resistant xerostomia following radiotherapy for head and neck malignancies Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 200150(2)353ndash357 [PubMed]

31 Furness S Bryan G McMillan R Worthington HV Interventions for the management of dry mouth Non-pharmacological interventions Cochrane Database Syst Rev 20138CD009603 [PubMed]

32 Silva SA Acupuncture for the relief of pain of facial and dental origin Anesth Prog 198936(4ndash5)244ndash245 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

33 Chien TJ Liu CY Hsu CH Integrating acupuncture into cancer care J Tradit Complement Med 20133(4)234ndash239 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

34 Liang F Li Y Yu S et al A multicentral randomized control study on clinical acupuncture treatment of Bells palsy J Tradit Chin Med 200626(1)3ndash7 [PubMed]

35 Bensoussan A Systematic review of acupuncture in dental pain Focus Altern Complement Ther 1999415ndash16

36 Pomeranz B Scientific basis of acupuncture In Stux G editor Pomeranz B editor eds Acupuncture Textbook and Atlas Heidelberg Springer-Verlag 19871ndash18

37 Kavoussi B Ross BE The neuroimmune basis of anti-inflammatory acupuncture Integr Cancer Ther 20076(3)251ndash257 [PubMed]

Thanks to httpswwwncbinlmnihgovpmcarticlesPMC4270142

Naik PN Kiran RA Yalamanchal S Kumar VA Goli S Vashist N Acupuncture An Alternative Therapy in Dentistry and Its Possible Applications Medical Acupuncture 201426(6)308-314 doi101089acu20141028

Ann Ital Chir 1995 May-Jun66(3)373-8

[Treatment of trigeminal neuralgia with electroacupuncture Experience with 104

cases]Costantini D Tomasello C Buonopane CE Sances D Marandola M Delogu G

Istituto di Anestesiologia e Rianimazione Universitagrave degli Studi di Roma La

Sapienza

The essential or secondary trigeminal neuralgia is a very frequent and invalidant disease In this forms the medical or surgical conventional therapies are often inadequate In this study we evaluated the effects of the acupunctural therapy on 104 patients (mean age 523 +- 13 years) with idiopathic or secondary trigeminal neuralgia Utilizing cycles of twelve sessions the acupunctural treatment was performed with an electrostimulator on local points and a distance or on aching points in the secondary forms The results was evaluated on the basis of three parameters (reappearance of the symptomatology absence of pain in months and preceding treatments) and was defined using this scale very well well fair and null In conclusion we can say that acupuncture is an elective treatment in all kinds of secondary tregeminalneuralgia while in the idiopathic form its validity is conditioned by preceding medical treatments and by beginning of the disease

Braz Dent J 200718(2)158-62

Electro-acupuncture efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar

surgeryTavares MG Machado AP Motta BG Borsatto MC Rosa AL Xavier SP

Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology School of Dentistry

of Ribeiratildeo Preto University of Sao Paulo Ribeiratildeo Preto SP Brazil

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of electro-acupuncture (EAC) on postoperative pain control after mandibular third molar surgery Twenty four young patients (12 male and 12 female) with symmetrically impacted mandibular third molars were selected Each patient was submitted to two separate surgical procedures under local anesthesia At one side extraction was carried out employing both prior (24h) and immediately postoperative application of EAC while on the contralateral side surgery was carried out without any treatment EAC was applied on 6 bilateral systemic and 2 auricular points with a WQ10Dl appliance using 40-60Hz frequency for 20 min and individually adjusted intensity Postoperative pain intensity was rated on a 100 mm visual analog scale (VAS) between 2 and 72 h and recording the amount of analgesics intake after surgery Statistical analysis was performed using theWilcoxon test Postoperative pain VAS scores were significantly lower for the EAC group (plt005) and analgesic intake decreased (plt005) for all evaluated periods (plt005) Under the tested conditions EAC therapy is efficient was proved controlling postoperative pain following mandibular third molar surgical removal

J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2005 Apr33(2)118-22

Acupuncture analgesia and its application in cranio-maxillofacial surgical

procedures Pohodenko-Chudakova IODepartment of Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery Faculty of Stomatology

Belarussian State Medical University Minsk Belarus ip-cyandexru

PATIENTS AND METHODS Acupuncture analgesia was applied in 120 patients In 20 of these surgery was carried out under general anaesthesia in combination with acupuncture analgesia In 100 patients acupuncture analgesia was applied in addition to traditional postoperative analgesia In case of troublesome postoperative pain it was necessary to carry out additional sessions (1-4) of acupuncture stimulation

RESULTS When acupuncture analgesia was used the pulse rate and blood pressure during surgery generally remained stable In the present study serum cortisol was also measured and showed only minor elevation

CONCLUSION Acupuncture analgesia can be a useful adjunct to conventional anaesthesia in maxillofacial surgery

J Orofac Pain 2009 Fall23(4)353-9

Randomized clinical trial of acupuncture for myofascial pain of the jaw muscles Shen YF Younger J Goddard G Mackey S

Department of oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Center for Orofacial Pain University

of California San Francisco San Francisco CA 94143-0768 USA

METHODS Twenty-eight subjects over the age of 18 and diagnosed with chronic myofascial pain of the jaw muscles were randomized to receive real (n = 16) or sham (n = 12) acupuncture

RESULTS Subjects receiving real acupuncture experienced a significant reduction in jaw pain (P = 04) jawface tightness (P = 04) and neck pain (P = 04) and a significant increase in pain tolerance of the masseter muscle (P = 001) Subjects were not able to determine whether they received real or sham acupuncture (P = 69) No significant pain reductions were observed in the sham acupuncture group

CONCLUSION A single acupuncture session using one acupoint at Hegu large intestine 4 significantly reduced most myofascial pain endpoints when compared to sham acupuncture

MIND BODY ARTICLES

Read some other articles

How Mindfulness Meditation Can Help People With Rheumatoid

Arthritis (huffingtonpostcom)

How Meditation Changes Pain Relieves

Depression (psychologytodaycom)

How Meditation Might Relieve Pain (forbescom)

Neural correlates of pain reduction through

meditation (mindblogdericbowndsnet)

Pain Is No Matter for the Meditative Mind (brainbloggercom)

MIND-BODY Pain Relief Research

Reduced disability secondary to back pain improvements on global and physical health and improved pain levels compared to pre-intervention levels

Morone N Weiner D amp Greco C (2005) Randomized trial of mindfulness meditation in older adults for the treatment of chronic low back pain

- 34 of patients gtgt 33 decrease in pain- 12 of patients gtgt 50 decrease in pain - 44 of patients gtgt decreased analgesic use- 28 of patients gtgt discontinued analgesics

The Clinical Use of Mindfulness Meditation for the Self-Regulation of Chronic Pain Kabat-Zinn J Journal of Behavioral Medicine 1985

Many patients needed less pain medication After fifteen months not only did they suffer less pain but because they suffered less pain they also suffered less from depression and anxiety

WE Mehling KA Hamel M Acree N Byl and FM Hecht Randomized controlled trial of breath therapy for patients with chronic low-back pain Altern Ther Health Med 2005 JulndashAug 11(4)44ndash52

Chronic Pain

Acceptance-based interventions such as mindfulness-based stress reduction program and acceptance and commitment therapy are alternative approaches to cognitive behavioral therapy for treating patients wtih chronic pain In this systematic review and meta-analysis twenty-two studies were included totaling 1235 patients with chronic pain The results suggest that a mindfulness-based stress reduction program and acceptance and commitment therapy can be good alternatives to cognitive behavioral therapy More high-quality studies are needed Acceptance-based therapies have small to medium effects on physical and mental health in chronic pain patients comparable to those of cognitive behavioral therapy

Veehof MM Oskam MJ Schreurs KM Bohlmeijer ET Acceptance-based interventions for the treatment of chronic pain a systematic review and meta-analysis Pain 152(3)533-42 2011

Ten studies were included in this review Mindfulness-based interventions showed non-specific effects for the reduction of pain symptoms and the improvement of depressive symptoms in patients with chronic pain There were also some improvements in psychologic measures related to chronic pain including pain coping Further research in larger studies is warranted

Chiesa A Serretti A Mindfulness-based interventions for chronic pain a systematic review of the evidence Journal of Alternative amp Complementary Medicine 17(1) 83-93 2011

Page 15: ACUPUNCTURE AND FACIAL PAIN - Darcy Nat · (Bensoussan 1999, Rosted 1998, Ernst 1998). Controlled trials have shown that ear acupuncture is as effective as intranasal midazolam in

Introduction to Acupuncture in DentistryBRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL

ldquoAcupuncture is not a miracle cure and is not going to replace the drill However the technique can be a supplement to conventional treatments in TMDs facial pain pain management Sjoslashegrens syndrome and in phobias and anxietyrdquo

Acupuncture does have a scientific background and the efficacy has been tested in a number of clinical trials including pain management facial pain TMD and increasing of the pain thresholdrdquo

It is concluded that acupuncture could supplement conventional treatment modalities Its value in the treatment of temporomandibular dysfunction syndrome and facial pain has been well documented and supported by randomisedcontrolled trials Although it may be useful in the control of post-operative pain its use as sole analgesia for operative care is questionable The mode of action of acupuncture can be explained with reference to modern neurophysiology

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry P Rosted BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL VOLUME 189 NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

httpwwwexodontiainfofilesBDJ_2000_Acupuncture_-_Introduction_to_Acupuncture_in_Dentistrypdf

Electro-acupuncture (EA)efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar surgeryand Postoperative pain and swelling

Postoperative pain and swelling after third-molar surgery are usually controlled by administering drugs to patients before and after surgery Nonsteroidal anti-inflamatorydrugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used to produce an inhibitory effect on the cyclo-oxygenase enzyme However these drugs are associated with increased bleeding tendency gastric ulcerations and other adverse effects

Tavares et alevaluated the efficacy of EA on postoperative pain control after mandibular third-molar surgery Postoperative pain intensity (rated on a 10-cm visual analogue scale [VAS]) was significantly lower for the EA side and analgesic intake decreased for all evaluated periods The researchers concluded that EA controlled postoperative pain following mandibular third-molar surgical removal

16 Tavares MG Machado AP Motta BG BorsattoMC Rosa AL Xavier SP Electro-acupuncture efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar surgery Braz Dent J 200718(2)158ndash162 [PubMed]

MIND-BODYnothing is 100 in the mind orhellip 100 in the bodyhellip but some mix

between perception and sensation

A report from the Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center states

that ldquomeditation can be more effective than morphine This

is the first study to show that only a little over an hour of

meditation training can dramatically reduce both the

experience of pain and pain-related brain activation

40 per cent reduction in pain intensity and a

57 per cent reduction in pain unpleasantness

Meditation produced a greater reduction in pain than even

morphine or other pain-relieving drugs which typically

reduce pain ratings by about 25 per cent

MIND-BODYThe mind is the most powerful pharmaceutical factory on earth

Studies demonstrate that by doing only 20 minutes-a-day of a Guided Pain Relief Meditation Technique over a five-week period showed significant improvement for

A higher tolerance to pain

Decreased anxiety stress and depression

Increased activity levels

Decreased use of pain-related medications

Increased levels of self-esteem

(Mills 1981 Kabat-Zinn 1985 Harmon 1999)

MIND-BODYGUIDED PAIN RELIEF PROGRAM

Download the Natural Pain Relief Workbook

Pain Evaluation See what your pain score is before you start and then re-take it at the end for some good news

Download the Audios 20 minutes per day

Sweeping the Body Relaxation Week One Awareness technique ldquoSweeping the Bodyrdquo Relaxation

Guided Pain Relief Technique Week Two ldquoSofteningrdquo around the pain technique this is the main technique to practice

Rebalancing the Mind Week Three Balance Technique Re-balancing the Mind

Relaxing into Sleep Will help you relax and fall into a deep restful sleep

Free Access athellip

httpwwwtrue-wellnesscomindexphpprogramsmind-bodypain-relief

This may move to wwwdarcynatcom

Acupuncture Studies

taken from Dentistry

Journals and Papers

Introduction to

acupuncture in

dentistry P Rosted

BRITISH DENTAL

JOURNAL VOLUME 189

NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

Introduction to acupuncture

in dentistry P Rosted BRITISH

DENTAL JOURNAL VOLUME

189 NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry P Rosted BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL VOLUME 189

NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

StudiesStudies

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry P

Rosted BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL

VOLUME 189 NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

Acupuncture in 11 out of 15 studies proved effective in the

treatment of temperomandibular dysfunction (TMD) and as analgesia

The use of acupuncture in dentistry a review of the scientific validity of published paper

Oral Dis 1998 Jun4(2)100-4

(Bensoussan 1999 Rosted 1998 Ernst 1998) Controlled trials have shown that ear acupuncture is as effective as intranasal midazolam in reducing dental anxiety

(Karst 2007) and that acupuncture is more effective than placebo in the prevention of post-operative dental pain

(Lao 1999) and in reducing the gagging reflex

(Sari 2010) Evidence from case series suggests that acupuncture can reduce dental anxiety

(Rosted 2010) and the gagging reflex

(Rosted 2006) and that electroacupuncture can control post-operative pain after wisdom tooth extraction

(Tarares 2007) One controlled study found no effect on the pain threashold of dental pulp

(Goddard 2009)The systematic reviews are now more than 10 years old and up-to-date ones are called for to better evaluate the evidence

In general acupuncture is believed to stimulate the nervous system and cause the release of neurochemical messenger molecules The resulting biochemical changes influence the bodys homeostatic mechanisms thus promoting physical and emotional well-being Stimulation of certain acupuncture points has been shown to affect areas of the brain that are known to reduce sensitivity to pain and stress as well as promoting relaxation and deactivating the analytical brain which is responsible for anxiety (Wu 1999)

Acupuncture may help relieve dental pain by

stimulating nerves located in muscles and other tissues which leads to release of endorphins and other neurohumoral factors (eg neuropeptide Y serotonin) and changes the processing of pain in the brain and spinal cord (Pomeranz 1987 Han 2004 Zhao 2008 Zhou 2008 Lee 2009 Cheng 2009)

reducing the cardiovascular reflex elicited by toothache which is associated with the adrenergic system (Jung 2006)

increasing the release of adenosine which has antinociceptive properties (Goldman 2010)

modulating the limbic-paralimbic-neocortical network (Hui 2009)

reducing inflammation by promoting release of vascular and immunomodulatory factors (Kavoussi 2007 Zijlstra 2003)

increasing local microcirculation (Komori 2009) which aids dispersal of swelling

British Acupuncture Council

Systematic reviews

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry

Br Dent J 2000 Aug 12189(3)136-40

Rosted P

The use of acupuncture in dentistry a review of the scientific validity of published papers

Oral Dis 1998 Jun4(2)100-4

Rosted P

Temporomandibular Dysfunction

Practical recommendations for the use of acupuncture in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders based on the outcome of published controlled studies

Oral Dis 2001 Mar7(2)109-15

Rosted P

Effectiveness of acupuncture in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders of muscular origin a systematic review of the last decade

La Touche R Angulo-Diacuteaz-Parrentildeo S de-la-Hoz JL Fernaacutendez-CarneroJ Ge HY Linares MT Mesa J Saacutenchez-Gutieacuterrez J J AlternComplement Med 2010 Jan16(1)107-12

Bells Palsy

Physical therapy for Bellrsquos palsy (idiopathic facial paralysis)

Teixeira LJ Valbuza JS Prado GF Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011 Dec 7(12)CD006283

Department of Neurology West China Hospital Sichuan University Wai Nan Guo Xue Xiang 37 Chengdu Sichuan China 610041

Dental painThe effectiveness of acupuncture in treating acute dental pain a systematic reviewErnst E Pittler MH Br Dent J 1998 May 9184(9)443-7

Dry Mouth

Randomized controlled trial of acupuncture for prevention of radiation-induced xerostomia among patients with nasopharyngeal carcinomaMeng Z Garcia MK Hu C Chiang J Chambers M Rosenthal DI Peng H Zhang Y Zhao Q Zhao G Liu L Spelman A Palmer JL Wei Q Cohen LCancer 2012 Jul 1118(13)3337-44 doi 101002cncr26550 Epub 2011 Nov 9

Dental AnxietyAuricular acupuncture effectively reduces state anxiety before dental treatment ndash a randomised controlled trialMichalek-Sauberer A Gusenleitner E Gleiss A Tepper G Deusch EClin Oral Investig 2012 Jan 6 [Epub ahead of print]

Trigeminal NeuralgiaPractical application of meridian acupuncture treatment for trigeminal neuralgiaBeppu S Sato Y Amemiya Y Tode IAnesth Pain Control Dent 1992 Spring1(2)103-8

Post Operative Dental PainAcupuncture treatment of pain dysfunction syndrome after dental extractionRosted P Joslashrgensen VAcupunct Med 2002 Dec20(4)191-2

Thanks to httpbenzappincomacupuncture-in-dentistry

1 Rosted P Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry Br Dent J 2000189(3)136ndash140 [PubMed]

2 Stux G Pomeranz G Scientific Basis of Acupuncture Acupuncture Textbook and Atlas Heidelberg Springer Verlag 1987

3 Lao L Bergman S Langenberg P Wong RH Berman B Efficacy of Chinese acupuncture on postoperative oral surgery pain Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 199579(4)423ndash428[PubMed]

4 Rosted P The use of acupuncture in dentistry A systematic review Acupunct Med 199816(1)43ndash48

5 Wong LB Acupuncture in dentistry Its possible role and application Proc Singapore Healthcare 201221(1)432ndash448

6 Michalek-Sauberer A Heinzl H Sator-Katzenschlager SM Monov G Knolle E Kress HGPerioperative auricular electroacupuncture has no effect on pain and analgesic consumption after third molar tooth extraction Anesth Analg 2007104(3)542ndash547 [PubMed]

7 Ulett GA Han S Han JS Electroacupuncture Mechanisms and clinical application Biol Psychiatr 199844(2)129ndash138 [PubMed]

8 Fang J Jin Z Wang Y et al The salient characteristics of the central effects of acupuncture needling Limbicndashparalimbicndashneocortical network modulation Hum Brain Mapp 200930(4)1196ndash1206 [PubMed]

9 National Institutes of Health (NIH) NIH Consensus Conference Acupuncture JAMA 1998280(17)1518ndash1524 [PubMed]

10 Ernst E Pittler MH The effectiveness of acupuncture in treating acute dental pain A systematic review Br Dent J 1998184(9)443ndash447 [PubMed]

11 Goddard G Albers D Effects of acupuncture at Large Intestine 4 (LI 4) on electrical tooth pulp stimulation A randomized controlled pilot study Med Acupunct 200921(3)167ndash171

12 Chapman CR Chen AC Bonica JJ Effects of intrasegmental electrical acupuncture on dental pain Evaluation by threshold estimation and sensory decision Pain 19773(3)213ndash227 [PubMed]

13 Andersson S Lundeberg T Acupuncturemdashfrom empiricism to science Functional background to [sic] acupuncture effects in pain and disease Med Hypotheses 199545(3)271ndash281 [PubMed]

14 Rosted P Bundgaard M Can acupuncture reduce the induction time of a local anaestheticmdashA pilot study Acupunct Med 200321(3)92ndash99 [PubMed]

15 Simmons MS Oleson TD Auricular electrical stimulation and dental pain threshold Anesth Prog 199340(1)14ndash19 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

16 Tavares MG Machado AP Motta BG Borsatto MC Rosa AL Xavier SP Electro-acupuncture efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar surgery Braz Dent J 200718(2)158ndash162 [PubMed]

17 Lao L Bergman S Hamilton GR Langenberg P Berman B Evaluation of acupuncture for pain control after oral surgery A placebo-controlled trial Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1999125(5)567ndash572 [PubMed]

18 Ribeiro DC Dental Acupuncture A Technique Against Pain 1st ed Satildeo Paulo Iacutecone 2002

19 Kitade T Ohyabu H Analgesic effects of acupuncture on pain after mandibular wisdom tooth extraction Acupunct Electrother Res 200025(2)109ndash115 [PubMed]

20 Ekblom A Hansson P Thomsson M Thomas M Increased postoperative pain and consumption of analgesics following acupuncture Pain 199144(3)241ndash247 [PubMed]

21 Zijlstra FJ van den Berg-de Lange I Huygen FJ Klein J Anti-inflammatory actions of acupuncture Mediators Inflamm 200312(2)59ndash69 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

22 Karst M Winterhalter M Muumlnte S et al Auricular acupuncture for dental anxiety A randomized controlled trial Anesth Analg 2007104(2)295ndash300 [PubMed]

23 Rosted P Bundgaard M Gordon S Pedersen AM Acupuncture in the management of anxiety related to dental treatment A case series Acupunct Med 201028(1)3ndash5 [PubMed]

24 Sari E Sari T The role of acupuncture in the treatment of orthodontic patients with a gagging reflex A pilot study Br Dent J 2010208(10)E19 [PubMed]

25 Rosted P Bundgaard M Fiske J Pedersen AM The use of acupuncture in controlling the gag reflex in patients requiring an upper alginate impression An audit Br Dent J 2006201(11)721ndash725discussion715 [PubMed]

26 List T Acupuncture in the treatment of patients with craniomandibular disorders Comparative longitudinal and methodological studies Swed Dent J Suppl 1992871ndash159 [PubMed]

27 Park J White A Stevinson C Ernst E James M Validating a new non-penetrating sham acupuncture device Two randomised controlled trials Acupunct Med 200220(4)168ndash174 [PubMed]

28 Shen YF Younger J Goddard G Mackey S Randomized clinical trial of acupuncture for myofascial pain of the jaw muscles J OrofacPain 200923(4)353ndash359 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

29 Cho SH Whang WW Acupuncture for temporomandibular disorders A systematic review J Orofac Pain 201024(2)152ndash162 [PubMed]

30 Johnstone PA Peng YP May BC Inouye WS Niemtzow RC Acupuncture for pilocarpine-resistant xerostomia following radiotherapy for head and neck malignancies Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 200150(2)353ndash357 [PubMed]

31 Furness S Bryan G McMillan R Worthington HV Interventions for the management of dry mouth Non-pharmacological interventions Cochrane Database Syst Rev 20138CD009603 [PubMed]

32 Silva SA Acupuncture for the relief of pain of facial and dental origin Anesth Prog 198936(4ndash5)244ndash245 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

33 Chien TJ Liu CY Hsu CH Integrating acupuncture into cancer care J Tradit Complement Med 20133(4)234ndash239 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

34 Liang F Li Y Yu S et al A multicentral randomized control study on clinical acupuncture treatment of Bells palsy J Tradit Chin Med 200626(1)3ndash7 [PubMed]

35 Bensoussan A Systematic review of acupuncture in dental pain Focus Altern Complement Ther 1999415ndash16

36 Pomeranz B Scientific basis of acupuncture In Stux G editor Pomeranz B editor eds Acupuncture Textbook and Atlas Heidelberg Springer-Verlag 19871ndash18

37 Kavoussi B Ross BE The neuroimmune basis of anti-inflammatory acupuncture Integr Cancer Ther 20076(3)251ndash257 [PubMed]

Thanks to httpswwwncbinlmnihgovpmcarticlesPMC4270142

Naik PN Kiran RA Yalamanchal S Kumar VA Goli S Vashist N Acupuncture An Alternative Therapy in Dentistry and Its Possible Applications Medical Acupuncture 201426(6)308-314 doi101089acu20141028

Ann Ital Chir 1995 May-Jun66(3)373-8

[Treatment of trigeminal neuralgia with electroacupuncture Experience with 104

cases]Costantini D Tomasello C Buonopane CE Sances D Marandola M Delogu G

Istituto di Anestesiologia e Rianimazione Universitagrave degli Studi di Roma La

Sapienza

The essential or secondary trigeminal neuralgia is a very frequent and invalidant disease In this forms the medical or surgical conventional therapies are often inadequate In this study we evaluated the effects of the acupunctural therapy on 104 patients (mean age 523 +- 13 years) with idiopathic or secondary trigeminal neuralgia Utilizing cycles of twelve sessions the acupunctural treatment was performed with an electrostimulator on local points and a distance or on aching points in the secondary forms The results was evaluated on the basis of three parameters (reappearance of the symptomatology absence of pain in months and preceding treatments) and was defined using this scale very well well fair and null In conclusion we can say that acupuncture is an elective treatment in all kinds of secondary tregeminalneuralgia while in the idiopathic form its validity is conditioned by preceding medical treatments and by beginning of the disease

Braz Dent J 200718(2)158-62

Electro-acupuncture efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar

surgeryTavares MG Machado AP Motta BG Borsatto MC Rosa AL Xavier SP

Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology School of Dentistry

of Ribeiratildeo Preto University of Sao Paulo Ribeiratildeo Preto SP Brazil

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of electro-acupuncture (EAC) on postoperative pain control after mandibular third molar surgery Twenty four young patients (12 male and 12 female) with symmetrically impacted mandibular third molars were selected Each patient was submitted to two separate surgical procedures under local anesthesia At one side extraction was carried out employing both prior (24h) and immediately postoperative application of EAC while on the contralateral side surgery was carried out without any treatment EAC was applied on 6 bilateral systemic and 2 auricular points with a WQ10Dl appliance using 40-60Hz frequency for 20 min and individually adjusted intensity Postoperative pain intensity was rated on a 100 mm visual analog scale (VAS) between 2 and 72 h and recording the amount of analgesics intake after surgery Statistical analysis was performed using theWilcoxon test Postoperative pain VAS scores were significantly lower for the EAC group (plt005) and analgesic intake decreased (plt005) for all evaluated periods (plt005) Under the tested conditions EAC therapy is efficient was proved controlling postoperative pain following mandibular third molar surgical removal

J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2005 Apr33(2)118-22

Acupuncture analgesia and its application in cranio-maxillofacial surgical

procedures Pohodenko-Chudakova IODepartment of Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery Faculty of Stomatology

Belarussian State Medical University Minsk Belarus ip-cyandexru

PATIENTS AND METHODS Acupuncture analgesia was applied in 120 patients In 20 of these surgery was carried out under general anaesthesia in combination with acupuncture analgesia In 100 patients acupuncture analgesia was applied in addition to traditional postoperative analgesia In case of troublesome postoperative pain it was necessary to carry out additional sessions (1-4) of acupuncture stimulation

RESULTS When acupuncture analgesia was used the pulse rate and blood pressure during surgery generally remained stable In the present study serum cortisol was also measured and showed only minor elevation

CONCLUSION Acupuncture analgesia can be a useful adjunct to conventional anaesthesia in maxillofacial surgery

J Orofac Pain 2009 Fall23(4)353-9

Randomized clinical trial of acupuncture for myofascial pain of the jaw muscles Shen YF Younger J Goddard G Mackey S

Department of oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Center for Orofacial Pain University

of California San Francisco San Francisco CA 94143-0768 USA

METHODS Twenty-eight subjects over the age of 18 and diagnosed with chronic myofascial pain of the jaw muscles were randomized to receive real (n = 16) or sham (n = 12) acupuncture

RESULTS Subjects receiving real acupuncture experienced a significant reduction in jaw pain (P = 04) jawface tightness (P = 04) and neck pain (P = 04) and a significant increase in pain tolerance of the masseter muscle (P = 001) Subjects were not able to determine whether they received real or sham acupuncture (P = 69) No significant pain reductions were observed in the sham acupuncture group

CONCLUSION A single acupuncture session using one acupoint at Hegu large intestine 4 significantly reduced most myofascial pain endpoints when compared to sham acupuncture

MIND BODY ARTICLES

Read some other articles

How Mindfulness Meditation Can Help People With Rheumatoid

Arthritis (huffingtonpostcom)

How Meditation Changes Pain Relieves

Depression (psychologytodaycom)

How Meditation Might Relieve Pain (forbescom)

Neural correlates of pain reduction through

meditation (mindblogdericbowndsnet)

Pain Is No Matter for the Meditative Mind (brainbloggercom)

MIND-BODY Pain Relief Research

Reduced disability secondary to back pain improvements on global and physical health and improved pain levels compared to pre-intervention levels

Morone N Weiner D amp Greco C (2005) Randomized trial of mindfulness meditation in older adults for the treatment of chronic low back pain

- 34 of patients gtgt 33 decrease in pain- 12 of patients gtgt 50 decrease in pain - 44 of patients gtgt decreased analgesic use- 28 of patients gtgt discontinued analgesics

The Clinical Use of Mindfulness Meditation for the Self-Regulation of Chronic Pain Kabat-Zinn J Journal of Behavioral Medicine 1985

Many patients needed less pain medication After fifteen months not only did they suffer less pain but because they suffered less pain they also suffered less from depression and anxiety

WE Mehling KA Hamel M Acree N Byl and FM Hecht Randomized controlled trial of breath therapy for patients with chronic low-back pain Altern Ther Health Med 2005 JulndashAug 11(4)44ndash52

Chronic Pain

Acceptance-based interventions such as mindfulness-based stress reduction program and acceptance and commitment therapy are alternative approaches to cognitive behavioral therapy for treating patients wtih chronic pain In this systematic review and meta-analysis twenty-two studies were included totaling 1235 patients with chronic pain The results suggest that a mindfulness-based stress reduction program and acceptance and commitment therapy can be good alternatives to cognitive behavioral therapy More high-quality studies are needed Acceptance-based therapies have small to medium effects on physical and mental health in chronic pain patients comparable to those of cognitive behavioral therapy

Veehof MM Oskam MJ Schreurs KM Bohlmeijer ET Acceptance-based interventions for the treatment of chronic pain a systematic review and meta-analysis Pain 152(3)533-42 2011

Ten studies were included in this review Mindfulness-based interventions showed non-specific effects for the reduction of pain symptoms and the improvement of depressive symptoms in patients with chronic pain There were also some improvements in psychologic measures related to chronic pain including pain coping Further research in larger studies is warranted

Chiesa A Serretti A Mindfulness-based interventions for chronic pain a systematic review of the evidence Journal of Alternative amp Complementary Medicine 17(1) 83-93 2011

Page 16: ACUPUNCTURE AND FACIAL PAIN - Darcy Nat · (Bensoussan 1999, Rosted 1998, Ernst 1998). Controlled trials have shown that ear acupuncture is as effective as intranasal midazolam in

Electro-acupuncture (EA)efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar surgeryand Postoperative pain and swelling

Postoperative pain and swelling after third-molar surgery are usually controlled by administering drugs to patients before and after surgery Nonsteroidal anti-inflamatorydrugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used to produce an inhibitory effect on the cyclo-oxygenase enzyme However these drugs are associated with increased bleeding tendency gastric ulcerations and other adverse effects

Tavares et alevaluated the efficacy of EA on postoperative pain control after mandibular third-molar surgery Postoperative pain intensity (rated on a 10-cm visual analogue scale [VAS]) was significantly lower for the EA side and analgesic intake decreased for all evaluated periods The researchers concluded that EA controlled postoperative pain following mandibular third-molar surgical removal

16 Tavares MG Machado AP Motta BG BorsattoMC Rosa AL Xavier SP Electro-acupuncture efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar surgery Braz Dent J 200718(2)158ndash162 [PubMed]

MIND-BODYnothing is 100 in the mind orhellip 100 in the bodyhellip but some mix

between perception and sensation

A report from the Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center states

that ldquomeditation can be more effective than morphine This

is the first study to show that only a little over an hour of

meditation training can dramatically reduce both the

experience of pain and pain-related brain activation

40 per cent reduction in pain intensity and a

57 per cent reduction in pain unpleasantness

Meditation produced a greater reduction in pain than even

morphine or other pain-relieving drugs which typically

reduce pain ratings by about 25 per cent

MIND-BODYThe mind is the most powerful pharmaceutical factory on earth

Studies demonstrate that by doing only 20 minutes-a-day of a Guided Pain Relief Meditation Technique over a five-week period showed significant improvement for

A higher tolerance to pain

Decreased anxiety stress and depression

Increased activity levels

Decreased use of pain-related medications

Increased levels of self-esteem

(Mills 1981 Kabat-Zinn 1985 Harmon 1999)

MIND-BODYGUIDED PAIN RELIEF PROGRAM

Download the Natural Pain Relief Workbook

Pain Evaluation See what your pain score is before you start and then re-take it at the end for some good news

Download the Audios 20 minutes per day

Sweeping the Body Relaxation Week One Awareness technique ldquoSweeping the Bodyrdquo Relaxation

Guided Pain Relief Technique Week Two ldquoSofteningrdquo around the pain technique this is the main technique to practice

Rebalancing the Mind Week Three Balance Technique Re-balancing the Mind

Relaxing into Sleep Will help you relax and fall into a deep restful sleep

Free Access athellip

httpwwwtrue-wellnesscomindexphpprogramsmind-bodypain-relief

This may move to wwwdarcynatcom

Acupuncture Studies

taken from Dentistry

Journals and Papers

Introduction to

acupuncture in

dentistry P Rosted

BRITISH DENTAL

JOURNAL VOLUME 189

NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

Introduction to acupuncture

in dentistry P Rosted BRITISH

DENTAL JOURNAL VOLUME

189 NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry P Rosted BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL VOLUME 189

NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

StudiesStudies

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry P

Rosted BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL

VOLUME 189 NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

Acupuncture in 11 out of 15 studies proved effective in the

treatment of temperomandibular dysfunction (TMD) and as analgesia

The use of acupuncture in dentistry a review of the scientific validity of published paper

Oral Dis 1998 Jun4(2)100-4

(Bensoussan 1999 Rosted 1998 Ernst 1998) Controlled trials have shown that ear acupuncture is as effective as intranasal midazolam in reducing dental anxiety

(Karst 2007) and that acupuncture is more effective than placebo in the prevention of post-operative dental pain

(Lao 1999) and in reducing the gagging reflex

(Sari 2010) Evidence from case series suggests that acupuncture can reduce dental anxiety

(Rosted 2010) and the gagging reflex

(Rosted 2006) and that electroacupuncture can control post-operative pain after wisdom tooth extraction

(Tarares 2007) One controlled study found no effect on the pain threashold of dental pulp

(Goddard 2009)The systematic reviews are now more than 10 years old and up-to-date ones are called for to better evaluate the evidence

In general acupuncture is believed to stimulate the nervous system and cause the release of neurochemical messenger molecules The resulting biochemical changes influence the bodys homeostatic mechanisms thus promoting physical and emotional well-being Stimulation of certain acupuncture points has been shown to affect areas of the brain that are known to reduce sensitivity to pain and stress as well as promoting relaxation and deactivating the analytical brain which is responsible for anxiety (Wu 1999)

Acupuncture may help relieve dental pain by

stimulating nerves located in muscles and other tissues which leads to release of endorphins and other neurohumoral factors (eg neuropeptide Y serotonin) and changes the processing of pain in the brain and spinal cord (Pomeranz 1987 Han 2004 Zhao 2008 Zhou 2008 Lee 2009 Cheng 2009)

reducing the cardiovascular reflex elicited by toothache which is associated with the adrenergic system (Jung 2006)

increasing the release of adenosine which has antinociceptive properties (Goldman 2010)

modulating the limbic-paralimbic-neocortical network (Hui 2009)

reducing inflammation by promoting release of vascular and immunomodulatory factors (Kavoussi 2007 Zijlstra 2003)

increasing local microcirculation (Komori 2009) which aids dispersal of swelling

British Acupuncture Council

Systematic reviews

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry

Br Dent J 2000 Aug 12189(3)136-40

Rosted P

The use of acupuncture in dentistry a review of the scientific validity of published papers

Oral Dis 1998 Jun4(2)100-4

Rosted P

Temporomandibular Dysfunction

Practical recommendations for the use of acupuncture in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders based on the outcome of published controlled studies

Oral Dis 2001 Mar7(2)109-15

Rosted P

Effectiveness of acupuncture in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders of muscular origin a systematic review of the last decade

La Touche R Angulo-Diacuteaz-Parrentildeo S de-la-Hoz JL Fernaacutendez-CarneroJ Ge HY Linares MT Mesa J Saacutenchez-Gutieacuterrez J J AlternComplement Med 2010 Jan16(1)107-12

Bells Palsy

Physical therapy for Bellrsquos palsy (idiopathic facial paralysis)

Teixeira LJ Valbuza JS Prado GF Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011 Dec 7(12)CD006283

Department of Neurology West China Hospital Sichuan University Wai Nan Guo Xue Xiang 37 Chengdu Sichuan China 610041

Dental painThe effectiveness of acupuncture in treating acute dental pain a systematic reviewErnst E Pittler MH Br Dent J 1998 May 9184(9)443-7

Dry Mouth

Randomized controlled trial of acupuncture for prevention of radiation-induced xerostomia among patients with nasopharyngeal carcinomaMeng Z Garcia MK Hu C Chiang J Chambers M Rosenthal DI Peng H Zhang Y Zhao Q Zhao G Liu L Spelman A Palmer JL Wei Q Cohen LCancer 2012 Jul 1118(13)3337-44 doi 101002cncr26550 Epub 2011 Nov 9

Dental AnxietyAuricular acupuncture effectively reduces state anxiety before dental treatment ndash a randomised controlled trialMichalek-Sauberer A Gusenleitner E Gleiss A Tepper G Deusch EClin Oral Investig 2012 Jan 6 [Epub ahead of print]

Trigeminal NeuralgiaPractical application of meridian acupuncture treatment for trigeminal neuralgiaBeppu S Sato Y Amemiya Y Tode IAnesth Pain Control Dent 1992 Spring1(2)103-8

Post Operative Dental PainAcupuncture treatment of pain dysfunction syndrome after dental extractionRosted P Joslashrgensen VAcupunct Med 2002 Dec20(4)191-2

Thanks to httpbenzappincomacupuncture-in-dentistry

1 Rosted P Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry Br Dent J 2000189(3)136ndash140 [PubMed]

2 Stux G Pomeranz G Scientific Basis of Acupuncture Acupuncture Textbook and Atlas Heidelberg Springer Verlag 1987

3 Lao L Bergman S Langenberg P Wong RH Berman B Efficacy of Chinese acupuncture on postoperative oral surgery pain Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 199579(4)423ndash428[PubMed]

4 Rosted P The use of acupuncture in dentistry A systematic review Acupunct Med 199816(1)43ndash48

5 Wong LB Acupuncture in dentistry Its possible role and application Proc Singapore Healthcare 201221(1)432ndash448

6 Michalek-Sauberer A Heinzl H Sator-Katzenschlager SM Monov G Knolle E Kress HGPerioperative auricular electroacupuncture has no effect on pain and analgesic consumption after third molar tooth extraction Anesth Analg 2007104(3)542ndash547 [PubMed]

7 Ulett GA Han S Han JS Electroacupuncture Mechanisms and clinical application Biol Psychiatr 199844(2)129ndash138 [PubMed]

8 Fang J Jin Z Wang Y et al The salient characteristics of the central effects of acupuncture needling Limbicndashparalimbicndashneocortical network modulation Hum Brain Mapp 200930(4)1196ndash1206 [PubMed]

9 National Institutes of Health (NIH) NIH Consensus Conference Acupuncture JAMA 1998280(17)1518ndash1524 [PubMed]

10 Ernst E Pittler MH The effectiveness of acupuncture in treating acute dental pain A systematic review Br Dent J 1998184(9)443ndash447 [PubMed]

11 Goddard G Albers D Effects of acupuncture at Large Intestine 4 (LI 4) on electrical tooth pulp stimulation A randomized controlled pilot study Med Acupunct 200921(3)167ndash171

12 Chapman CR Chen AC Bonica JJ Effects of intrasegmental electrical acupuncture on dental pain Evaluation by threshold estimation and sensory decision Pain 19773(3)213ndash227 [PubMed]

13 Andersson S Lundeberg T Acupuncturemdashfrom empiricism to science Functional background to [sic] acupuncture effects in pain and disease Med Hypotheses 199545(3)271ndash281 [PubMed]

14 Rosted P Bundgaard M Can acupuncture reduce the induction time of a local anaestheticmdashA pilot study Acupunct Med 200321(3)92ndash99 [PubMed]

15 Simmons MS Oleson TD Auricular electrical stimulation and dental pain threshold Anesth Prog 199340(1)14ndash19 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

16 Tavares MG Machado AP Motta BG Borsatto MC Rosa AL Xavier SP Electro-acupuncture efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar surgery Braz Dent J 200718(2)158ndash162 [PubMed]

17 Lao L Bergman S Hamilton GR Langenberg P Berman B Evaluation of acupuncture for pain control after oral surgery A placebo-controlled trial Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1999125(5)567ndash572 [PubMed]

18 Ribeiro DC Dental Acupuncture A Technique Against Pain 1st ed Satildeo Paulo Iacutecone 2002

19 Kitade T Ohyabu H Analgesic effects of acupuncture on pain after mandibular wisdom tooth extraction Acupunct Electrother Res 200025(2)109ndash115 [PubMed]

20 Ekblom A Hansson P Thomsson M Thomas M Increased postoperative pain and consumption of analgesics following acupuncture Pain 199144(3)241ndash247 [PubMed]

21 Zijlstra FJ van den Berg-de Lange I Huygen FJ Klein J Anti-inflammatory actions of acupuncture Mediators Inflamm 200312(2)59ndash69 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

22 Karst M Winterhalter M Muumlnte S et al Auricular acupuncture for dental anxiety A randomized controlled trial Anesth Analg 2007104(2)295ndash300 [PubMed]

23 Rosted P Bundgaard M Gordon S Pedersen AM Acupuncture in the management of anxiety related to dental treatment A case series Acupunct Med 201028(1)3ndash5 [PubMed]

24 Sari E Sari T The role of acupuncture in the treatment of orthodontic patients with a gagging reflex A pilot study Br Dent J 2010208(10)E19 [PubMed]

25 Rosted P Bundgaard M Fiske J Pedersen AM The use of acupuncture in controlling the gag reflex in patients requiring an upper alginate impression An audit Br Dent J 2006201(11)721ndash725discussion715 [PubMed]

26 List T Acupuncture in the treatment of patients with craniomandibular disorders Comparative longitudinal and methodological studies Swed Dent J Suppl 1992871ndash159 [PubMed]

27 Park J White A Stevinson C Ernst E James M Validating a new non-penetrating sham acupuncture device Two randomised controlled trials Acupunct Med 200220(4)168ndash174 [PubMed]

28 Shen YF Younger J Goddard G Mackey S Randomized clinical trial of acupuncture for myofascial pain of the jaw muscles J OrofacPain 200923(4)353ndash359 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

29 Cho SH Whang WW Acupuncture for temporomandibular disorders A systematic review J Orofac Pain 201024(2)152ndash162 [PubMed]

30 Johnstone PA Peng YP May BC Inouye WS Niemtzow RC Acupuncture for pilocarpine-resistant xerostomia following radiotherapy for head and neck malignancies Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 200150(2)353ndash357 [PubMed]

31 Furness S Bryan G McMillan R Worthington HV Interventions for the management of dry mouth Non-pharmacological interventions Cochrane Database Syst Rev 20138CD009603 [PubMed]

32 Silva SA Acupuncture for the relief of pain of facial and dental origin Anesth Prog 198936(4ndash5)244ndash245 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

33 Chien TJ Liu CY Hsu CH Integrating acupuncture into cancer care J Tradit Complement Med 20133(4)234ndash239 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

34 Liang F Li Y Yu S et al A multicentral randomized control study on clinical acupuncture treatment of Bells palsy J Tradit Chin Med 200626(1)3ndash7 [PubMed]

35 Bensoussan A Systematic review of acupuncture in dental pain Focus Altern Complement Ther 1999415ndash16

36 Pomeranz B Scientific basis of acupuncture In Stux G editor Pomeranz B editor eds Acupuncture Textbook and Atlas Heidelberg Springer-Verlag 19871ndash18

37 Kavoussi B Ross BE The neuroimmune basis of anti-inflammatory acupuncture Integr Cancer Ther 20076(3)251ndash257 [PubMed]

Thanks to httpswwwncbinlmnihgovpmcarticlesPMC4270142

Naik PN Kiran RA Yalamanchal S Kumar VA Goli S Vashist N Acupuncture An Alternative Therapy in Dentistry and Its Possible Applications Medical Acupuncture 201426(6)308-314 doi101089acu20141028

Ann Ital Chir 1995 May-Jun66(3)373-8

[Treatment of trigeminal neuralgia with electroacupuncture Experience with 104

cases]Costantini D Tomasello C Buonopane CE Sances D Marandola M Delogu G

Istituto di Anestesiologia e Rianimazione Universitagrave degli Studi di Roma La

Sapienza

The essential or secondary trigeminal neuralgia is a very frequent and invalidant disease In this forms the medical or surgical conventional therapies are often inadequate In this study we evaluated the effects of the acupunctural therapy on 104 patients (mean age 523 +- 13 years) with idiopathic or secondary trigeminal neuralgia Utilizing cycles of twelve sessions the acupunctural treatment was performed with an electrostimulator on local points and a distance or on aching points in the secondary forms The results was evaluated on the basis of three parameters (reappearance of the symptomatology absence of pain in months and preceding treatments) and was defined using this scale very well well fair and null In conclusion we can say that acupuncture is an elective treatment in all kinds of secondary tregeminalneuralgia while in the idiopathic form its validity is conditioned by preceding medical treatments and by beginning of the disease

Braz Dent J 200718(2)158-62

Electro-acupuncture efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar

surgeryTavares MG Machado AP Motta BG Borsatto MC Rosa AL Xavier SP

Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology School of Dentistry

of Ribeiratildeo Preto University of Sao Paulo Ribeiratildeo Preto SP Brazil

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of electro-acupuncture (EAC) on postoperative pain control after mandibular third molar surgery Twenty four young patients (12 male and 12 female) with symmetrically impacted mandibular third molars were selected Each patient was submitted to two separate surgical procedures under local anesthesia At one side extraction was carried out employing both prior (24h) and immediately postoperative application of EAC while on the contralateral side surgery was carried out without any treatment EAC was applied on 6 bilateral systemic and 2 auricular points with a WQ10Dl appliance using 40-60Hz frequency for 20 min and individually adjusted intensity Postoperative pain intensity was rated on a 100 mm visual analog scale (VAS) between 2 and 72 h and recording the amount of analgesics intake after surgery Statistical analysis was performed using theWilcoxon test Postoperative pain VAS scores were significantly lower for the EAC group (plt005) and analgesic intake decreased (plt005) for all evaluated periods (plt005) Under the tested conditions EAC therapy is efficient was proved controlling postoperative pain following mandibular third molar surgical removal

J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2005 Apr33(2)118-22

Acupuncture analgesia and its application in cranio-maxillofacial surgical

procedures Pohodenko-Chudakova IODepartment of Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery Faculty of Stomatology

Belarussian State Medical University Minsk Belarus ip-cyandexru

PATIENTS AND METHODS Acupuncture analgesia was applied in 120 patients In 20 of these surgery was carried out under general anaesthesia in combination with acupuncture analgesia In 100 patients acupuncture analgesia was applied in addition to traditional postoperative analgesia In case of troublesome postoperative pain it was necessary to carry out additional sessions (1-4) of acupuncture stimulation

RESULTS When acupuncture analgesia was used the pulse rate and blood pressure during surgery generally remained stable In the present study serum cortisol was also measured and showed only minor elevation

CONCLUSION Acupuncture analgesia can be a useful adjunct to conventional anaesthesia in maxillofacial surgery

J Orofac Pain 2009 Fall23(4)353-9

Randomized clinical trial of acupuncture for myofascial pain of the jaw muscles Shen YF Younger J Goddard G Mackey S

Department of oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Center for Orofacial Pain University

of California San Francisco San Francisco CA 94143-0768 USA

METHODS Twenty-eight subjects over the age of 18 and diagnosed with chronic myofascial pain of the jaw muscles were randomized to receive real (n = 16) or sham (n = 12) acupuncture

RESULTS Subjects receiving real acupuncture experienced a significant reduction in jaw pain (P = 04) jawface tightness (P = 04) and neck pain (P = 04) and a significant increase in pain tolerance of the masseter muscle (P = 001) Subjects were not able to determine whether they received real or sham acupuncture (P = 69) No significant pain reductions were observed in the sham acupuncture group

CONCLUSION A single acupuncture session using one acupoint at Hegu large intestine 4 significantly reduced most myofascial pain endpoints when compared to sham acupuncture

MIND BODY ARTICLES

Read some other articles

How Mindfulness Meditation Can Help People With Rheumatoid

Arthritis (huffingtonpostcom)

How Meditation Changes Pain Relieves

Depression (psychologytodaycom)

How Meditation Might Relieve Pain (forbescom)

Neural correlates of pain reduction through

meditation (mindblogdericbowndsnet)

Pain Is No Matter for the Meditative Mind (brainbloggercom)

MIND-BODY Pain Relief Research

Reduced disability secondary to back pain improvements on global and physical health and improved pain levels compared to pre-intervention levels

Morone N Weiner D amp Greco C (2005) Randomized trial of mindfulness meditation in older adults for the treatment of chronic low back pain

- 34 of patients gtgt 33 decrease in pain- 12 of patients gtgt 50 decrease in pain - 44 of patients gtgt decreased analgesic use- 28 of patients gtgt discontinued analgesics

The Clinical Use of Mindfulness Meditation for the Self-Regulation of Chronic Pain Kabat-Zinn J Journal of Behavioral Medicine 1985

Many patients needed less pain medication After fifteen months not only did they suffer less pain but because they suffered less pain they also suffered less from depression and anxiety

WE Mehling KA Hamel M Acree N Byl and FM Hecht Randomized controlled trial of breath therapy for patients with chronic low-back pain Altern Ther Health Med 2005 JulndashAug 11(4)44ndash52

Chronic Pain

Acceptance-based interventions such as mindfulness-based stress reduction program and acceptance and commitment therapy are alternative approaches to cognitive behavioral therapy for treating patients wtih chronic pain In this systematic review and meta-analysis twenty-two studies were included totaling 1235 patients with chronic pain The results suggest that a mindfulness-based stress reduction program and acceptance and commitment therapy can be good alternatives to cognitive behavioral therapy More high-quality studies are needed Acceptance-based therapies have small to medium effects on physical and mental health in chronic pain patients comparable to those of cognitive behavioral therapy

Veehof MM Oskam MJ Schreurs KM Bohlmeijer ET Acceptance-based interventions for the treatment of chronic pain a systematic review and meta-analysis Pain 152(3)533-42 2011

Ten studies were included in this review Mindfulness-based interventions showed non-specific effects for the reduction of pain symptoms and the improvement of depressive symptoms in patients with chronic pain There were also some improvements in psychologic measures related to chronic pain including pain coping Further research in larger studies is warranted

Chiesa A Serretti A Mindfulness-based interventions for chronic pain a systematic review of the evidence Journal of Alternative amp Complementary Medicine 17(1) 83-93 2011

Page 17: ACUPUNCTURE AND FACIAL PAIN - Darcy Nat · (Bensoussan 1999, Rosted 1998, Ernst 1998). Controlled trials have shown that ear acupuncture is as effective as intranasal midazolam in

MIND-BODYnothing is 100 in the mind orhellip 100 in the bodyhellip but some mix

between perception and sensation

A report from the Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center states

that ldquomeditation can be more effective than morphine This

is the first study to show that only a little over an hour of

meditation training can dramatically reduce both the

experience of pain and pain-related brain activation

40 per cent reduction in pain intensity and a

57 per cent reduction in pain unpleasantness

Meditation produced a greater reduction in pain than even

morphine or other pain-relieving drugs which typically

reduce pain ratings by about 25 per cent

MIND-BODYThe mind is the most powerful pharmaceutical factory on earth

Studies demonstrate that by doing only 20 minutes-a-day of a Guided Pain Relief Meditation Technique over a five-week period showed significant improvement for

A higher tolerance to pain

Decreased anxiety stress and depression

Increased activity levels

Decreased use of pain-related medications

Increased levels of self-esteem

(Mills 1981 Kabat-Zinn 1985 Harmon 1999)

MIND-BODYGUIDED PAIN RELIEF PROGRAM

Download the Natural Pain Relief Workbook

Pain Evaluation See what your pain score is before you start and then re-take it at the end for some good news

Download the Audios 20 minutes per day

Sweeping the Body Relaxation Week One Awareness technique ldquoSweeping the Bodyrdquo Relaxation

Guided Pain Relief Technique Week Two ldquoSofteningrdquo around the pain technique this is the main technique to practice

Rebalancing the Mind Week Three Balance Technique Re-balancing the Mind

Relaxing into Sleep Will help you relax and fall into a deep restful sleep

Free Access athellip

httpwwwtrue-wellnesscomindexphpprogramsmind-bodypain-relief

This may move to wwwdarcynatcom

Acupuncture Studies

taken from Dentistry

Journals and Papers

Introduction to

acupuncture in

dentistry P Rosted

BRITISH DENTAL

JOURNAL VOLUME 189

NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

Introduction to acupuncture

in dentistry P Rosted BRITISH

DENTAL JOURNAL VOLUME

189 NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry P Rosted BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL VOLUME 189

NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

StudiesStudies

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry P

Rosted BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL

VOLUME 189 NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

Acupuncture in 11 out of 15 studies proved effective in the

treatment of temperomandibular dysfunction (TMD) and as analgesia

The use of acupuncture in dentistry a review of the scientific validity of published paper

Oral Dis 1998 Jun4(2)100-4

(Bensoussan 1999 Rosted 1998 Ernst 1998) Controlled trials have shown that ear acupuncture is as effective as intranasal midazolam in reducing dental anxiety

(Karst 2007) and that acupuncture is more effective than placebo in the prevention of post-operative dental pain

(Lao 1999) and in reducing the gagging reflex

(Sari 2010) Evidence from case series suggests that acupuncture can reduce dental anxiety

(Rosted 2010) and the gagging reflex

(Rosted 2006) and that electroacupuncture can control post-operative pain after wisdom tooth extraction

(Tarares 2007) One controlled study found no effect on the pain threashold of dental pulp

(Goddard 2009)The systematic reviews are now more than 10 years old and up-to-date ones are called for to better evaluate the evidence

In general acupuncture is believed to stimulate the nervous system and cause the release of neurochemical messenger molecules The resulting biochemical changes influence the bodys homeostatic mechanisms thus promoting physical and emotional well-being Stimulation of certain acupuncture points has been shown to affect areas of the brain that are known to reduce sensitivity to pain and stress as well as promoting relaxation and deactivating the analytical brain which is responsible for anxiety (Wu 1999)

Acupuncture may help relieve dental pain by

stimulating nerves located in muscles and other tissues which leads to release of endorphins and other neurohumoral factors (eg neuropeptide Y serotonin) and changes the processing of pain in the brain and spinal cord (Pomeranz 1987 Han 2004 Zhao 2008 Zhou 2008 Lee 2009 Cheng 2009)

reducing the cardiovascular reflex elicited by toothache which is associated with the adrenergic system (Jung 2006)

increasing the release of adenosine which has antinociceptive properties (Goldman 2010)

modulating the limbic-paralimbic-neocortical network (Hui 2009)

reducing inflammation by promoting release of vascular and immunomodulatory factors (Kavoussi 2007 Zijlstra 2003)

increasing local microcirculation (Komori 2009) which aids dispersal of swelling

British Acupuncture Council

Systematic reviews

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry

Br Dent J 2000 Aug 12189(3)136-40

Rosted P

The use of acupuncture in dentistry a review of the scientific validity of published papers

Oral Dis 1998 Jun4(2)100-4

Rosted P

Temporomandibular Dysfunction

Practical recommendations for the use of acupuncture in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders based on the outcome of published controlled studies

Oral Dis 2001 Mar7(2)109-15

Rosted P

Effectiveness of acupuncture in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders of muscular origin a systematic review of the last decade

La Touche R Angulo-Diacuteaz-Parrentildeo S de-la-Hoz JL Fernaacutendez-CarneroJ Ge HY Linares MT Mesa J Saacutenchez-Gutieacuterrez J J AlternComplement Med 2010 Jan16(1)107-12

Bells Palsy

Physical therapy for Bellrsquos palsy (idiopathic facial paralysis)

Teixeira LJ Valbuza JS Prado GF Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011 Dec 7(12)CD006283

Department of Neurology West China Hospital Sichuan University Wai Nan Guo Xue Xiang 37 Chengdu Sichuan China 610041

Dental painThe effectiveness of acupuncture in treating acute dental pain a systematic reviewErnst E Pittler MH Br Dent J 1998 May 9184(9)443-7

Dry Mouth

Randomized controlled trial of acupuncture for prevention of radiation-induced xerostomia among patients with nasopharyngeal carcinomaMeng Z Garcia MK Hu C Chiang J Chambers M Rosenthal DI Peng H Zhang Y Zhao Q Zhao G Liu L Spelman A Palmer JL Wei Q Cohen LCancer 2012 Jul 1118(13)3337-44 doi 101002cncr26550 Epub 2011 Nov 9

Dental AnxietyAuricular acupuncture effectively reduces state anxiety before dental treatment ndash a randomised controlled trialMichalek-Sauberer A Gusenleitner E Gleiss A Tepper G Deusch EClin Oral Investig 2012 Jan 6 [Epub ahead of print]

Trigeminal NeuralgiaPractical application of meridian acupuncture treatment for trigeminal neuralgiaBeppu S Sato Y Amemiya Y Tode IAnesth Pain Control Dent 1992 Spring1(2)103-8

Post Operative Dental PainAcupuncture treatment of pain dysfunction syndrome after dental extractionRosted P Joslashrgensen VAcupunct Med 2002 Dec20(4)191-2

Thanks to httpbenzappincomacupuncture-in-dentistry

1 Rosted P Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry Br Dent J 2000189(3)136ndash140 [PubMed]

2 Stux G Pomeranz G Scientific Basis of Acupuncture Acupuncture Textbook and Atlas Heidelberg Springer Verlag 1987

3 Lao L Bergman S Langenberg P Wong RH Berman B Efficacy of Chinese acupuncture on postoperative oral surgery pain Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 199579(4)423ndash428[PubMed]

4 Rosted P The use of acupuncture in dentistry A systematic review Acupunct Med 199816(1)43ndash48

5 Wong LB Acupuncture in dentistry Its possible role and application Proc Singapore Healthcare 201221(1)432ndash448

6 Michalek-Sauberer A Heinzl H Sator-Katzenschlager SM Monov G Knolle E Kress HGPerioperative auricular electroacupuncture has no effect on pain and analgesic consumption after third molar tooth extraction Anesth Analg 2007104(3)542ndash547 [PubMed]

7 Ulett GA Han S Han JS Electroacupuncture Mechanisms and clinical application Biol Psychiatr 199844(2)129ndash138 [PubMed]

8 Fang J Jin Z Wang Y et al The salient characteristics of the central effects of acupuncture needling Limbicndashparalimbicndashneocortical network modulation Hum Brain Mapp 200930(4)1196ndash1206 [PubMed]

9 National Institutes of Health (NIH) NIH Consensus Conference Acupuncture JAMA 1998280(17)1518ndash1524 [PubMed]

10 Ernst E Pittler MH The effectiveness of acupuncture in treating acute dental pain A systematic review Br Dent J 1998184(9)443ndash447 [PubMed]

11 Goddard G Albers D Effects of acupuncture at Large Intestine 4 (LI 4) on electrical tooth pulp stimulation A randomized controlled pilot study Med Acupunct 200921(3)167ndash171

12 Chapman CR Chen AC Bonica JJ Effects of intrasegmental electrical acupuncture on dental pain Evaluation by threshold estimation and sensory decision Pain 19773(3)213ndash227 [PubMed]

13 Andersson S Lundeberg T Acupuncturemdashfrom empiricism to science Functional background to [sic] acupuncture effects in pain and disease Med Hypotheses 199545(3)271ndash281 [PubMed]

14 Rosted P Bundgaard M Can acupuncture reduce the induction time of a local anaestheticmdashA pilot study Acupunct Med 200321(3)92ndash99 [PubMed]

15 Simmons MS Oleson TD Auricular electrical stimulation and dental pain threshold Anesth Prog 199340(1)14ndash19 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

16 Tavares MG Machado AP Motta BG Borsatto MC Rosa AL Xavier SP Electro-acupuncture efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar surgery Braz Dent J 200718(2)158ndash162 [PubMed]

17 Lao L Bergman S Hamilton GR Langenberg P Berman B Evaluation of acupuncture for pain control after oral surgery A placebo-controlled trial Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1999125(5)567ndash572 [PubMed]

18 Ribeiro DC Dental Acupuncture A Technique Against Pain 1st ed Satildeo Paulo Iacutecone 2002

19 Kitade T Ohyabu H Analgesic effects of acupuncture on pain after mandibular wisdom tooth extraction Acupunct Electrother Res 200025(2)109ndash115 [PubMed]

20 Ekblom A Hansson P Thomsson M Thomas M Increased postoperative pain and consumption of analgesics following acupuncture Pain 199144(3)241ndash247 [PubMed]

21 Zijlstra FJ van den Berg-de Lange I Huygen FJ Klein J Anti-inflammatory actions of acupuncture Mediators Inflamm 200312(2)59ndash69 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

22 Karst M Winterhalter M Muumlnte S et al Auricular acupuncture for dental anxiety A randomized controlled trial Anesth Analg 2007104(2)295ndash300 [PubMed]

23 Rosted P Bundgaard M Gordon S Pedersen AM Acupuncture in the management of anxiety related to dental treatment A case series Acupunct Med 201028(1)3ndash5 [PubMed]

24 Sari E Sari T The role of acupuncture in the treatment of orthodontic patients with a gagging reflex A pilot study Br Dent J 2010208(10)E19 [PubMed]

25 Rosted P Bundgaard M Fiske J Pedersen AM The use of acupuncture in controlling the gag reflex in patients requiring an upper alginate impression An audit Br Dent J 2006201(11)721ndash725discussion715 [PubMed]

26 List T Acupuncture in the treatment of patients with craniomandibular disorders Comparative longitudinal and methodological studies Swed Dent J Suppl 1992871ndash159 [PubMed]

27 Park J White A Stevinson C Ernst E James M Validating a new non-penetrating sham acupuncture device Two randomised controlled trials Acupunct Med 200220(4)168ndash174 [PubMed]

28 Shen YF Younger J Goddard G Mackey S Randomized clinical trial of acupuncture for myofascial pain of the jaw muscles J OrofacPain 200923(4)353ndash359 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

29 Cho SH Whang WW Acupuncture for temporomandibular disorders A systematic review J Orofac Pain 201024(2)152ndash162 [PubMed]

30 Johnstone PA Peng YP May BC Inouye WS Niemtzow RC Acupuncture for pilocarpine-resistant xerostomia following radiotherapy for head and neck malignancies Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 200150(2)353ndash357 [PubMed]

31 Furness S Bryan G McMillan R Worthington HV Interventions for the management of dry mouth Non-pharmacological interventions Cochrane Database Syst Rev 20138CD009603 [PubMed]

32 Silva SA Acupuncture for the relief of pain of facial and dental origin Anesth Prog 198936(4ndash5)244ndash245 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

33 Chien TJ Liu CY Hsu CH Integrating acupuncture into cancer care J Tradit Complement Med 20133(4)234ndash239 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

34 Liang F Li Y Yu S et al A multicentral randomized control study on clinical acupuncture treatment of Bells palsy J Tradit Chin Med 200626(1)3ndash7 [PubMed]

35 Bensoussan A Systematic review of acupuncture in dental pain Focus Altern Complement Ther 1999415ndash16

36 Pomeranz B Scientific basis of acupuncture In Stux G editor Pomeranz B editor eds Acupuncture Textbook and Atlas Heidelberg Springer-Verlag 19871ndash18

37 Kavoussi B Ross BE The neuroimmune basis of anti-inflammatory acupuncture Integr Cancer Ther 20076(3)251ndash257 [PubMed]

Thanks to httpswwwncbinlmnihgovpmcarticlesPMC4270142

Naik PN Kiran RA Yalamanchal S Kumar VA Goli S Vashist N Acupuncture An Alternative Therapy in Dentistry and Its Possible Applications Medical Acupuncture 201426(6)308-314 doi101089acu20141028

Ann Ital Chir 1995 May-Jun66(3)373-8

[Treatment of trigeminal neuralgia with electroacupuncture Experience with 104

cases]Costantini D Tomasello C Buonopane CE Sances D Marandola M Delogu G

Istituto di Anestesiologia e Rianimazione Universitagrave degli Studi di Roma La

Sapienza

The essential or secondary trigeminal neuralgia is a very frequent and invalidant disease In this forms the medical or surgical conventional therapies are often inadequate In this study we evaluated the effects of the acupunctural therapy on 104 patients (mean age 523 +- 13 years) with idiopathic or secondary trigeminal neuralgia Utilizing cycles of twelve sessions the acupunctural treatment was performed with an electrostimulator on local points and a distance or on aching points in the secondary forms The results was evaluated on the basis of three parameters (reappearance of the symptomatology absence of pain in months and preceding treatments) and was defined using this scale very well well fair and null In conclusion we can say that acupuncture is an elective treatment in all kinds of secondary tregeminalneuralgia while in the idiopathic form its validity is conditioned by preceding medical treatments and by beginning of the disease

Braz Dent J 200718(2)158-62

Electro-acupuncture efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar

surgeryTavares MG Machado AP Motta BG Borsatto MC Rosa AL Xavier SP

Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology School of Dentistry

of Ribeiratildeo Preto University of Sao Paulo Ribeiratildeo Preto SP Brazil

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of electro-acupuncture (EAC) on postoperative pain control after mandibular third molar surgery Twenty four young patients (12 male and 12 female) with symmetrically impacted mandibular third molars were selected Each patient was submitted to two separate surgical procedures under local anesthesia At one side extraction was carried out employing both prior (24h) and immediately postoperative application of EAC while on the contralateral side surgery was carried out without any treatment EAC was applied on 6 bilateral systemic and 2 auricular points with a WQ10Dl appliance using 40-60Hz frequency for 20 min and individually adjusted intensity Postoperative pain intensity was rated on a 100 mm visual analog scale (VAS) between 2 and 72 h and recording the amount of analgesics intake after surgery Statistical analysis was performed using theWilcoxon test Postoperative pain VAS scores were significantly lower for the EAC group (plt005) and analgesic intake decreased (plt005) for all evaluated periods (plt005) Under the tested conditions EAC therapy is efficient was proved controlling postoperative pain following mandibular third molar surgical removal

J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2005 Apr33(2)118-22

Acupuncture analgesia and its application in cranio-maxillofacial surgical

procedures Pohodenko-Chudakova IODepartment of Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery Faculty of Stomatology

Belarussian State Medical University Minsk Belarus ip-cyandexru

PATIENTS AND METHODS Acupuncture analgesia was applied in 120 patients In 20 of these surgery was carried out under general anaesthesia in combination with acupuncture analgesia In 100 patients acupuncture analgesia was applied in addition to traditional postoperative analgesia In case of troublesome postoperative pain it was necessary to carry out additional sessions (1-4) of acupuncture stimulation

RESULTS When acupuncture analgesia was used the pulse rate and blood pressure during surgery generally remained stable In the present study serum cortisol was also measured and showed only minor elevation

CONCLUSION Acupuncture analgesia can be a useful adjunct to conventional anaesthesia in maxillofacial surgery

J Orofac Pain 2009 Fall23(4)353-9

Randomized clinical trial of acupuncture for myofascial pain of the jaw muscles Shen YF Younger J Goddard G Mackey S

Department of oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Center for Orofacial Pain University

of California San Francisco San Francisco CA 94143-0768 USA

METHODS Twenty-eight subjects over the age of 18 and diagnosed with chronic myofascial pain of the jaw muscles were randomized to receive real (n = 16) or sham (n = 12) acupuncture

RESULTS Subjects receiving real acupuncture experienced a significant reduction in jaw pain (P = 04) jawface tightness (P = 04) and neck pain (P = 04) and a significant increase in pain tolerance of the masseter muscle (P = 001) Subjects were not able to determine whether they received real or sham acupuncture (P = 69) No significant pain reductions were observed in the sham acupuncture group

CONCLUSION A single acupuncture session using one acupoint at Hegu large intestine 4 significantly reduced most myofascial pain endpoints when compared to sham acupuncture

MIND BODY ARTICLES

Read some other articles

How Mindfulness Meditation Can Help People With Rheumatoid

Arthritis (huffingtonpostcom)

How Meditation Changes Pain Relieves

Depression (psychologytodaycom)

How Meditation Might Relieve Pain (forbescom)

Neural correlates of pain reduction through

meditation (mindblogdericbowndsnet)

Pain Is No Matter for the Meditative Mind (brainbloggercom)

MIND-BODY Pain Relief Research

Reduced disability secondary to back pain improvements on global and physical health and improved pain levels compared to pre-intervention levels

Morone N Weiner D amp Greco C (2005) Randomized trial of mindfulness meditation in older adults for the treatment of chronic low back pain

- 34 of patients gtgt 33 decrease in pain- 12 of patients gtgt 50 decrease in pain - 44 of patients gtgt decreased analgesic use- 28 of patients gtgt discontinued analgesics

The Clinical Use of Mindfulness Meditation for the Self-Regulation of Chronic Pain Kabat-Zinn J Journal of Behavioral Medicine 1985

Many patients needed less pain medication After fifteen months not only did they suffer less pain but because they suffered less pain they also suffered less from depression and anxiety

WE Mehling KA Hamel M Acree N Byl and FM Hecht Randomized controlled trial of breath therapy for patients with chronic low-back pain Altern Ther Health Med 2005 JulndashAug 11(4)44ndash52

Chronic Pain

Acceptance-based interventions such as mindfulness-based stress reduction program and acceptance and commitment therapy are alternative approaches to cognitive behavioral therapy for treating patients wtih chronic pain In this systematic review and meta-analysis twenty-two studies were included totaling 1235 patients with chronic pain The results suggest that a mindfulness-based stress reduction program and acceptance and commitment therapy can be good alternatives to cognitive behavioral therapy More high-quality studies are needed Acceptance-based therapies have small to medium effects on physical and mental health in chronic pain patients comparable to those of cognitive behavioral therapy

Veehof MM Oskam MJ Schreurs KM Bohlmeijer ET Acceptance-based interventions for the treatment of chronic pain a systematic review and meta-analysis Pain 152(3)533-42 2011

Ten studies were included in this review Mindfulness-based interventions showed non-specific effects for the reduction of pain symptoms and the improvement of depressive symptoms in patients with chronic pain There were also some improvements in psychologic measures related to chronic pain including pain coping Further research in larger studies is warranted

Chiesa A Serretti A Mindfulness-based interventions for chronic pain a systematic review of the evidence Journal of Alternative amp Complementary Medicine 17(1) 83-93 2011

Page 18: ACUPUNCTURE AND FACIAL PAIN - Darcy Nat · (Bensoussan 1999, Rosted 1998, Ernst 1998). Controlled trials have shown that ear acupuncture is as effective as intranasal midazolam in

MIND-BODYThe mind is the most powerful pharmaceutical factory on earth

Studies demonstrate that by doing only 20 minutes-a-day of a Guided Pain Relief Meditation Technique over a five-week period showed significant improvement for

A higher tolerance to pain

Decreased anxiety stress and depression

Increased activity levels

Decreased use of pain-related medications

Increased levels of self-esteem

(Mills 1981 Kabat-Zinn 1985 Harmon 1999)

MIND-BODYGUIDED PAIN RELIEF PROGRAM

Download the Natural Pain Relief Workbook

Pain Evaluation See what your pain score is before you start and then re-take it at the end for some good news

Download the Audios 20 minutes per day

Sweeping the Body Relaxation Week One Awareness technique ldquoSweeping the Bodyrdquo Relaxation

Guided Pain Relief Technique Week Two ldquoSofteningrdquo around the pain technique this is the main technique to practice

Rebalancing the Mind Week Three Balance Technique Re-balancing the Mind

Relaxing into Sleep Will help you relax and fall into a deep restful sleep

Free Access athellip

httpwwwtrue-wellnesscomindexphpprogramsmind-bodypain-relief

This may move to wwwdarcynatcom

Acupuncture Studies

taken from Dentistry

Journals and Papers

Introduction to

acupuncture in

dentistry P Rosted

BRITISH DENTAL

JOURNAL VOLUME 189

NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

Introduction to acupuncture

in dentistry P Rosted BRITISH

DENTAL JOURNAL VOLUME

189 NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry P Rosted BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL VOLUME 189

NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

StudiesStudies

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry P

Rosted BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL

VOLUME 189 NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

Acupuncture in 11 out of 15 studies proved effective in the

treatment of temperomandibular dysfunction (TMD) and as analgesia

The use of acupuncture in dentistry a review of the scientific validity of published paper

Oral Dis 1998 Jun4(2)100-4

(Bensoussan 1999 Rosted 1998 Ernst 1998) Controlled trials have shown that ear acupuncture is as effective as intranasal midazolam in reducing dental anxiety

(Karst 2007) and that acupuncture is more effective than placebo in the prevention of post-operative dental pain

(Lao 1999) and in reducing the gagging reflex

(Sari 2010) Evidence from case series suggests that acupuncture can reduce dental anxiety

(Rosted 2010) and the gagging reflex

(Rosted 2006) and that electroacupuncture can control post-operative pain after wisdom tooth extraction

(Tarares 2007) One controlled study found no effect on the pain threashold of dental pulp

(Goddard 2009)The systematic reviews are now more than 10 years old and up-to-date ones are called for to better evaluate the evidence

In general acupuncture is believed to stimulate the nervous system and cause the release of neurochemical messenger molecules The resulting biochemical changes influence the bodys homeostatic mechanisms thus promoting physical and emotional well-being Stimulation of certain acupuncture points has been shown to affect areas of the brain that are known to reduce sensitivity to pain and stress as well as promoting relaxation and deactivating the analytical brain which is responsible for anxiety (Wu 1999)

Acupuncture may help relieve dental pain by

stimulating nerves located in muscles and other tissues which leads to release of endorphins and other neurohumoral factors (eg neuropeptide Y serotonin) and changes the processing of pain in the brain and spinal cord (Pomeranz 1987 Han 2004 Zhao 2008 Zhou 2008 Lee 2009 Cheng 2009)

reducing the cardiovascular reflex elicited by toothache which is associated with the adrenergic system (Jung 2006)

increasing the release of adenosine which has antinociceptive properties (Goldman 2010)

modulating the limbic-paralimbic-neocortical network (Hui 2009)

reducing inflammation by promoting release of vascular and immunomodulatory factors (Kavoussi 2007 Zijlstra 2003)

increasing local microcirculation (Komori 2009) which aids dispersal of swelling

British Acupuncture Council

Systematic reviews

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry

Br Dent J 2000 Aug 12189(3)136-40

Rosted P

The use of acupuncture in dentistry a review of the scientific validity of published papers

Oral Dis 1998 Jun4(2)100-4

Rosted P

Temporomandibular Dysfunction

Practical recommendations for the use of acupuncture in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders based on the outcome of published controlled studies

Oral Dis 2001 Mar7(2)109-15

Rosted P

Effectiveness of acupuncture in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders of muscular origin a systematic review of the last decade

La Touche R Angulo-Diacuteaz-Parrentildeo S de-la-Hoz JL Fernaacutendez-CarneroJ Ge HY Linares MT Mesa J Saacutenchez-Gutieacuterrez J J AlternComplement Med 2010 Jan16(1)107-12

Bells Palsy

Physical therapy for Bellrsquos palsy (idiopathic facial paralysis)

Teixeira LJ Valbuza JS Prado GF Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011 Dec 7(12)CD006283

Department of Neurology West China Hospital Sichuan University Wai Nan Guo Xue Xiang 37 Chengdu Sichuan China 610041

Dental painThe effectiveness of acupuncture in treating acute dental pain a systematic reviewErnst E Pittler MH Br Dent J 1998 May 9184(9)443-7

Dry Mouth

Randomized controlled trial of acupuncture for prevention of radiation-induced xerostomia among patients with nasopharyngeal carcinomaMeng Z Garcia MK Hu C Chiang J Chambers M Rosenthal DI Peng H Zhang Y Zhao Q Zhao G Liu L Spelman A Palmer JL Wei Q Cohen LCancer 2012 Jul 1118(13)3337-44 doi 101002cncr26550 Epub 2011 Nov 9

Dental AnxietyAuricular acupuncture effectively reduces state anxiety before dental treatment ndash a randomised controlled trialMichalek-Sauberer A Gusenleitner E Gleiss A Tepper G Deusch EClin Oral Investig 2012 Jan 6 [Epub ahead of print]

Trigeminal NeuralgiaPractical application of meridian acupuncture treatment for trigeminal neuralgiaBeppu S Sato Y Amemiya Y Tode IAnesth Pain Control Dent 1992 Spring1(2)103-8

Post Operative Dental PainAcupuncture treatment of pain dysfunction syndrome after dental extractionRosted P Joslashrgensen VAcupunct Med 2002 Dec20(4)191-2

Thanks to httpbenzappincomacupuncture-in-dentistry

1 Rosted P Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry Br Dent J 2000189(3)136ndash140 [PubMed]

2 Stux G Pomeranz G Scientific Basis of Acupuncture Acupuncture Textbook and Atlas Heidelberg Springer Verlag 1987

3 Lao L Bergman S Langenberg P Wong RH Berman B Efficacy of Chinese acupuncture on postoperative oral surgery pain Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 199579(4)423ndash428[PubMed]

4 Rosted P The use of acupuncture in dentistry A systematic review Acupunct Med 199816(1)43ndash48

5 Wong LB Acupuncture in dentistry Its possible role and application Proc Singapore Healthcare 201221(1)432ndash448

6 Michalek-Sauberer A Heinzl H Sator-Katzenschlager SM Monov G Knolle E Kress HGPerioperative auricular electroacupuncture has no effect on pain and analgesic consumption after third molar tooth extraction Anesth Analg 2007104(3)542ndash547 [PubMed]

7 Ulett GA Han S Han JS Electroacupuncture Mechanisms and clinical application Biol Psychiatr 199844(2)129ndash138 [PubMed]

8 Fang J Jin Z Wang Y et al The salient characteristics of the central effects of acupuncture needling Limbicndashparalimbicndashneocortical network modulation Hum Brain Mapp 200930(4)1196ndash1206 [PubMed]

9 National Institutes of Health (NIH) NIH Consensus Conference Acupuncture JAMA 1998280(17)1518ndash1524 [PubMed]

10 Ernst E Pittler MH The effectiveness of acupuncture in treating acute dental pain A systematic review Br Dent J 1998184(9)443ndash447 [PubMed]

11 Goddard G Albers D Effects of acupuncture at Large Intestine 4 (LI 4) on electrical tooth pulp stimulation A randomized controlled pilot study Med Acupunct 200921(3)167ndash171

12 Chapman CR Chen AC Bonica JJ Effects of intrasegmental electrical acupuncture on dental pain Evaluation by threshold estimation and sensory decision Pain 19773(3)213ndash227 [PubMed]

13 Andersson S Lundeberg T Acupuncturemdashfrom empiricism to science Functional background to [sic] acupuncture effects in pain and disease Med Hypotheses 199545(3)271ndash281 [PubMed]

14 Rosted P Bundgaard M Can acupuncture reduce the induction time of a local anaestheticmdashA pilot study Acupunct Med 200321(3)92ndash99 [PubMed]

15 Simmons MS Oleson TD Auricular electrical stimulation and dental pain threshold Anesth Prog 199340(1)14ndash19 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

16 Tavares MG Machado AP Motta BG Borsatto MC Rosa AL Xavier SP Electro-acupuncture efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar surgery Braz Dent J 200718(2)158ndash162 [PubMed]

17 Lao L Bergman S Hamilton GR Langenberg P Berman B Evaluation of acupuncture for pain control after oral surgery A placebo-controlled trial Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1999125(5)567ndash572 [PubMed]

18 Ribeiro DC Dental Acupuncture A Technique Against Pain 1st ed Satildeo Paulo Iacutecone 2002

19 Kitade T Ohyabu H Analgesic effects of acupuncture on pain after mandibular wisdom tooth extraction Acupunct Electrother Res 200025(2)109ndash115 [PubMed]

20 Ekblom A Hansson P Thomsson M Thomas M Increased postoperative pain and consumption of analgesics following acupuncture Pain 199144(3)241ndash247 [PubMed]

21 Zijlstra FJ van den Berg-de Lange I Huygen FJ Klein J Anti-inflammatory actions of acupuncture Mediators Inflamm 200312(2)59ndash69 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

22 Karst M Winterhalter M Muumlnte S et al Auricular acupuncture for dental anxiety A randomized controlled trial Anesth Analg 2007104(2)295ndash300 [PubMed]

23 Rosted P Bundgaard M Gordon S Pedersen AM Acupuncture in the management of anxiety related to dental treatment A case series Acupunct Med 201028(1)3ndash5 [PubMed]

24 Sari E Sari T The role of acupuncture in the treatment of orthodontic patients with a gagging reflex A pilot study Br Dent J 2010208(10)E19 [PubMed]

25 Rosted P Bundgaard M Fiske J Pedersen AM The use of acupuncture in controlling the gag reflex in patients requiring an upper alginate impression An audit Br Dent J 2006201(11)721ndash725discussion715 [PubMed]

26 List T Acupuncture in the treatment of patients with craniomandibular disorders Comparative longitudinal and methodological studies Swed Dent J Suppl 1992871ndash159 [PubMed]

27 Park J White A Stevinson C Ernst E James M Validating a new non-penetrating sham acupuncture device Two randomised controlled trials Acupunct Med 200220(4)168ndash174 [PubMed]

28 Shen YF Younger J Goddard G Mackey S Randomized clinical trial of acupuncture for myofascial pain of the jaw muscles J OrofacPain 200923(4)353ndash359 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

29 Cho SH Whang WW Acupuncture for temporomandibular disorders A systematic review J Orofac Pain 201024(2)152ndash162 [PubMed]

30 Johnstone PA Peng YP May BC Inouye WS Niemtzow RC Acupuncture for pilocarpine-resistant xerostomia following radiotherapy for head and neck malignancies Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 200150(2)353ndash357 [PubMed]

31 Furness S Bryan G McMillan R Worthington HV Interventions for the management of dry mouth Non-pharmacological interventions Cochrane Database Syst Rev 20138CD009603 [PubMed]

32 Silva SA Acupuncture for the relief of pain of facial and dental origin Anesth Prog 198936(4ndash5)244ndash245 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

33 Chien TJ Liu CY Hsu CH Integrating acupuncture into cancer care J Tradit Complement Med 20133(4)234ndash239 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

34 Liang F Li Y Yu S et al A multicentral randomized control study on clinical acupuncture treatment of Bells palsy J Tradit Chin Med 200626(1)3ndash7 [PubMed]

35 Bensoussan A Systematic review of acupuncture in dental pain Focus Altern Complement Ther 1999415ndash16

36 Pomeranz B Scientific basis of acupuncture In Stux G editor Pomeranz B editor eds Acupuncture Textbook and Atlas Heidelberg Springer-Verlag 19871ndash18

37 Kavoussi B Ross BE The neuroimmune basis of anti-inflammatory acupuncture Integr Cancer Ther 20076(3)251ndash257 [PubMed]

Thanks to httpswwwncbinlmnihgovpmcarticlesPMC4270142

Naik PN Kiran RA Yalamanchal S Kumar VA Goli S Vashist N Acupuncture An Alternative Therapy in Dentistry and Its Possible Applications Medical Acupuncture 201426(6)308-314 doi101089acu20141028

Ann Ital Chir 1995 May-Jun66(3)373-8

[Treatment of trigeminal neuralgia with electroacupuncture Experience with 104

cases]Costantini D Tomasello C Buonopane CE Sances D Marandola M Delogu G

Istituto di Anestesiologia e Rianimazione Universitagrave degli Studi di Roma La

Sapienza

The essential or secondary trigeminal neuralgia is a very frequent and invalidant disease In this forms the medical or surgical conventional therapies are often inadequate In this study we evaluated the effects of the acupunctural therapy on 104 patients (mean age 523 +- 13 years) with idiopathic or secondary trigeminal neuralgia Utilizing cycles of twelve sessions the acupunctural treatment was performed with an electrostimulator on local points and a distance or on aching points in the secondary forms The results was evaluated on the basis of three parameters (reappearance of the symptomatology absence of pain in months and preceding treatments) and was defined using this scale very well well fair and null In conclusion we can say that acupuncture is an elective treatment in all kinds of secondary tregeminalneuralgia while in the idiopathic form its validity is conditioned by preceding medical treatments and by beginning of the disease

Braz Dent J 200718(2)158-62

Electro-acupuncture efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar

surgeryTavares MG Machado AP Motta BG Borsatto MC Rosa AL Xavier SP

Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology School of Dentistry

of Ribeiratildeo Preto University of Sao Paulo Ribeiratildeo Preto SP Brazil

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of electro-acupuncture (EAC) on postoperative pain control after mandibular third molar surgery Twenty four young patients (12 male and 12 female) with symmetrically impacted mandibular third molars were selected Each patient was submitted to two separate surgical procedures under local anesthesia At one side extraction was carried out employing both prior (24h) and immediately postoperative application of EAC while on the contralateral side surgery was carried out without any treatment EAC was applied on 6 bilateral systemic and 2 auricular points with a WQ10Dl appliance using 40-60Hz frequency for 20 min and individually adjusted intensity Postoperative pain intensity was rated on a 100 mm visual analog scale (VAS) between 2 and 72 h and recording the amount of analgesics intake after surgery Statistical analysis was performed using theWilcoxon test Postoperative pain VAS scores were significantly lower for the EAC group (plt005) and analgesic intake decreased (plt005) for all evaluated periods (plt005) Under the tested conditions EAC therapy is efficient was proved controlling postoperative pain following mandibular third molar surgical removal

J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2005 Apr33(2)118-22

Acupuncture analgesia and its application in cranio-maxillofacial surgical

procedures Pohodenko-Chudakova IODepartment of Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery Faculty of Stomatology

Belarussian State Medical University Minsk Belarus ip-cyandexru

PATIENTS AND METHODS Acupuncture analgesia was applied in 120 patients In 20 of these surgery was carried out under general anaesthesia in combination with acupuncture analgesia In 100 patients acupuncture analgesia was applied in addition to traditional postoperative analgesia In case of troublesome postoperative pain it was necessary to carry out additional sessions (1-4) of acupuncture stimulation

RESULTS When acupuncture analgesia was used the pulse rate and blood pressure during surgery generally remained stable In the present study serum cortisol was also measured and showed only minor elevation

CONCLUSION Acupuncture analgesia can be a useful adjunct to conventional anaesthesia in maxillofacial surgery

J Orofac Pain 2009 Fall23(4)353-9

Randomized clinical trial of acupuncture for myofascial pain of the jaw muscles Shen YF Younger J Goddard G Mackey S

Department of oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Center for Orofacial Pain University

of California San Francisco San Francisco CA 94143-0768 USA

METHODS Twenty-eight subjects over the age of 18 and diagnosed with chronic myofascial pain of the jaw muscles were randomized to receive real (n = 16) or sham (n = 12) acupuncture

RESULTS Subjects receiving real acupuncture experienced a significant reduction in jaw pain (P = 04) jawface tightness (P = 04) and neck pain (P = 04) and a significant increase in pain tolerance of the masseter muscle (P = 001) Subjects were not able to determine whether they received real or sham acupuncture (P = 69) No significant pain reductions were observed in the sham acupuncture group

CONCLUSION A single acupuncture session using one acupoint at Hegu large intestine 4 significantly reduced most myofascial pain endpoints when compared to sham acupuncture

MIND BODY ARTICLES

Read some other articles

How Mindfulness Meditation Can Help People With Rheumatoid

Arthritis (huffingtonpostcom)

How Meditation Changes Pain Relieves

Depression (psychologytodaycom)

How Meditation Might Relieve Pain (forbescom)

Neural correlates of pain reduction through

meditation (mindblogdericbowndsnet)

Pain Is No Matter for the Meditative Mind (brainbloggercom)

MIND-BODY Pain Relief Research

Reduced disability secondary to back pain improvements on global and physical health and improved pain levels compared to pre-intervention levels

Morone N Weiner D amp Greco C (2005) Randomized trial of mindfulness meditation in older adults for the treatment of chronic low back pain

- 34 of patients gtgt 33 decrease in pain- 12 of patients gtgt 50 decrease in pain - 44 of patients gtgt decreased analgesic use- 28 of patients gtgt discontinued analgesics

The Clinical Use of Mindfulness Meditation for the Self-Regulation of Chronic Pain Kabat-Zinn J Journal of Behavioral Medicine 1985

Many patients needed less pain medication After fifteen months not only did they suffer less pain but because they suffered less pain they also suffered less from depression and anxiety

WE Mehling KA Hamel M Acree N Byl and FM Hecht Randomized controlled trial of breath therapy for patients with chronic low-back pain Altern Ther Health Med 2005 JulndashAug 11(4)44ndash52

Chronic Pain

Acceptance-based interventions such as mindfulness-based stress reduction program and acceptance and commitment therapy are alternative approaches to cognitive behavioral therapy for treating patients wtih chronic pain In this systematic review and meta-analysis twenty-two studies were included totaling 1235 patients with chronic pain The results suggest that a mindfulness-based stress reduction program and acceptance and commitment therapy can be good alternatives to cognitive behavioral therapy More high-quality studies are needed Acceptance-based therapies have small to medium effects on physical and mental health in chronic pain patients comparable to those of cognitive behavioral therapy

Veehof MM Oskam MJ Schreurs KM Bohlmeijer ET Acceptance-based interventions for the treatment of chronic pain a systematic review and meta-analysis Pain 152(3)533-42 2011

Ten studies were included in this review Mindfulness-based interventions showed non-specific effects for the reduction of pain symptoms and the improvement of depressive symptoms in patients with chronic pain There were also some improvements in psychologic measures related to chronic pain including pain coping Further research in larger studies is warranted

Chiesa A Serretti A Mindfulness-based interventions for chronic pain a systematic review of the evidence Journal of Alternative amp Complementary Medicine 17(1) 83-93 2011

Page 19: ACUPUNCTURE AND FACIAL PAIN - Darcy Nat · (Bensoussan 1999, Rosted 1998, Ernst 1998). Controlled trials have shown that ear acupuncture is as effective as intranasal midazolam in

MIND-BODYGUIDED PAIN RELIEF PROGRAM

Download the Natural Pain Relief Workbook

Pain Evaluation See what your pain score is before you start and then re-take it at the end for some good news

Download the Audios 20 minutes per day

Sweeping the Body Relaxation Week One Awareness technique ldquoSweeping the Bodyrdquo Relaxation

Guided Pain Relief Technique Week Two ldquoSofteningrdquo around the pain technique this is the main technique to practice

Rebalancing the Mind Week Three Balance Technique Re-balancing the Mind

Relaxing into Sleep Will help you relax and fall into a deep restful sleep

Free Access athellip

httpwwwtrue-wellnesscomindexphpprogramsmind-bodypain-relief

This may move to wwwdarcynatcom

Acupuncture Studies

taken from Dentistry

Journals and Papers

Introduction to

acupuncture in

dentistry P Rosted

BRITISH DENTAL

JOURNAL VOLUME 189

NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

Introduction to acupuncture

in dentistry P Rosted BRITISH

DENTAL JOURNAL VOLUME

189 NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry P Rosted BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL VOLUME 189

NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

StudiesStudies

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry P

Rosted BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL

VOLUME 189 NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

Acupuncture in 11 out of 15 studies proved effective in the

treatment of temperomandibular dysfunction (TMD) and as analgesia

The use of acupuncture in dentistry a review of the scientific validity of published paper

Oral Dis 1998 Jun4(2)100-4

(Bensoussan 1999 Rosted 1998 Ernst 1998) Controlled trials have shown that ear acupuncture is as effective as intranasal midazolam in reducing dental anxiety

(Karst 2007) and that acupuncture is more effective than placebo in the prevention of post-operative dental pain

(Lao 1999) and in reducing the gagging reflex

(Sari 2010) Evidence from case series suggests that acupuncture can reduce dental anxiety

(Rosted 2010) and the gagging reflex

(Rosted 2006) and that electroacupuncture can control post-operative pain after wisdom tooth extraction

(Tarares 2007) One controlled study found no effect on the pain threashold of dental pulp

(Goddard 2009)The systematic reviews are now more than 10 years old and up-to-date ones are called for to better evaluate the evidence

In general acupuncture is believed to stimulate the nervous system and cause the release of neurochemical messenger molecules The resulting biochemical changes influence the bodys homeostatic mechanisms thus promoting physical and emotional well-being Stimulation of certain acupuncture points has been shown to affect areas of the brain that are known to reduce sensitivity to pain and stress as well as promoting relaxation and deactivating the analytical brain which is responsible for anxiety (Wu 1999)

Acupuncture may help relieve dental pain by

stimulating nerves located in muscles and other tissues which leads to release of endorphins and other neurohumoral factors (eg neuropeptide Y serotonin) and changes the processing of pain in the brain and spinal cord (Pomeranz 1987 Han 2004 Zhao 2008 Zhou 2008 Lee 2009 Cheng 2009)

reducing the cardiovascular reflex elicited by toothache which is associated with the adrenergic system (Jung 2006)

increasing the release of adenosine which has antinociceptive properties (Goldman 2010)

modulating the limbic-paralimbic-neocortical network (Hui 2009)

reducing inflammation by promoting release of vascular and immunomodulatory factors (Kavoussi 2007 Zijlstra 2003)

increasing local microcirculation (Komori 2009) which aids dispersal of swelling

British Acupuncture Council

Systematic reviews

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry

Br Dent J 2000 Aug 12189(3)136-40

Rosted P

The use of acupuncture in dentistry a review of the scientific validity of published papers

Oral Dis 1998 Jun4(2)100-4

Rosted P

Temporomandibular Dysfunction

Practical recommendations for the use of acupuncture in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders based on the outcome of published controlled studies

Oral Dis 2001 Mar7(2)109-15

Rosted P

Effectiveness of acupuncture in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders of muscular origin a systematic review of the last decade

La Touche R Angulo-Diacuteaz-Parrentildeo S de-la-Hoz JL Fernaacutendez-CarneroJ Ge HY Linares MT Mesa J Saacutenchez-Gutieacuterrez J J AlternComplement Med 2010 Jan16(1)107-12

Bells Palsy

Physical therapy for Bellrsquos palsy (idiopathic facial paralysis)

Teixeira LJ Valbuza JS Prado GF Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011 Dec 7(12)CD006283

Department of Neurology West China Hospital Sichuan University Wai Nan Guo Xue Xiang 37 Chengdu Sichuan China 610041

Dental painThe effectiveness of acupuncture in treating acute dental pain a systematic reviewErnst E Pittler MH Br Dent J 1998 May 9184(9)443-7

Dry Mouth

Randomized controlled trial of acupuncture for prevention of radiation-induced xerostomia among patients with nasopharyngeal carcinomaMeng Z Garcia MK Hu C Chiang J Chambers M Rosenthal DI Peng H Zhang Y Zhao Q Zhao G Liu L Spelman A Palmer JL Wei Q Cohen LCancer 2012 Jul 1118(13)3337-44 doi 101002cncr26550 Epub 2011 Nov 9

Dental AnxietyAuricular acupuncture effectively reduces state anxiety before dental treatment ndash a randomised controlled trialMichalek-Sauberer A Gusenleitner E Gleiss A Tepper G Deusch EClin Oral Investig 2012 Jan 6 [Epub ahead of print]

Trigeminal NeuralgiaPractical application of meridian acupuncture treatment for trigeminal neuralgiaBeppu S Sato Y Amemiya Y Tode IAnesth Pain Control Dent 1992 Spring1(2)103-8

Post Operative Dental PainAcupuncture treatment of pain dysfunction syndrome after dental extractionRosted P Joslashrgensen VAcupunct Med 2002 Dec20(4)191-2

Thanks to httpbenzappincomacupuncture-in-dentistry

1 Rosted P Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry Br Dent J 2000189(3)136ndash140 [PubMed]

2 Stux G Pomeranz G Scientific Basis of Acupuncture Acupuncture Textbook and Atlas Heidelberg Springer Verlag 1987

3 Lao L Bergman S Langenberg P Wong RH Berman B Efficacy of Chinese acupuncture on postoperative oral surgery pain Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 199579(4)423ndash428[PubMed]

4 Rosted P The use of acupuncture in dentistry A systematic review Acupunct Med 199816(1)43ndash48

5 Wong LB Acupuncture in dentistry Its possible role and application Proc Singapore Healthcare 201221(1)432ndash448

6 Michalek-Sauberer A Heinzl H Sator-Katzenschlager SM Monov G Knolle E Kress HGPerioperative auricular electroacupuncture has no effect on pain and analgesic consumption after third molar tooth extraction Anesth Analg 2007104(3)542ndash547 [PubMed]

7 Ulett GA Han S Han JS Electroacupuncture Mechanisms and clinical application Biol Psychiatr 199844(2)129ndash138 [PubMed]

8 Fang J Jin Z Wang Y et al The salient characteristics of the central effects of acupuncture needling Limbicndashparalimbicndashneocortical network modulation Hum Brain Mapp 200930(4)1196ndash1206 [PubMed]

9 National Institutes of Health (NIH) NIH Consensus Conference Acupuncture JAMA 1998280(17)1518ndash1524 [PubMed]

10 Ernst E Pittler MH The effectiveness of acupuncture in treating acute dental pain A systematic review Br Dent J 1998184(9)443ndash447 [PubMed]

11 Goddard G Albers D Effects of acupuncture at Large Intestine 4 (LI 4) on electrical tooth pulp stimulation A randomized controlled pilot study Med Acupunct 200921(3)167ndash171

12 Chapman CR Chen AC Bonica JJ Effects of intrasegmental electrical acupuncture on dental pain Evaluation by threshold estimation and sensory decision Pain 19773(3)213ndash227 [PubMed]

13 Andersson S Lundeberg T Acupuncturemdashfrom empiricism to science Functional background to [sic] acupuncture effects in pain and disease Med Hypotheses 199545(3)271ndash281 [PubMed]

14 Rosted P Bundgaard M Can acupuncture reduce the induction time of a local anaestheticmdashA pilot study Acupunct Med 200321(3)92ndash99 [PubMed]

15 Simmons MS Oleson TD Auricular electrical stimulation and dental pain threshold Anesth Prog 199340(1)14ndash19 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

16 Tavares MG Machado AP Motta BG Borsatto MC Rosa AL Xavier SP Electro-acupuncture efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar surgery Braz Dent J 200718(2)158ndash162 [PubMed]

17 Lao L Bergman S Hamilton GR Langenberg P Berman B Evaluation of acupuncture for pain control after oral surgery A placebo-controlled trial Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1999125(5)567ndash572 [PubMed]

18 Ribeiro DC Dental Acupuncture A Technique Against Pain 1st ed Satildeo Paulo Iacutecone 2002

19 Kitade T Ohyabu H Analgesic effects of acupuncture on pain after mandibular wisdom tooth extraction Acupunct Electrother Res 200025(2)109ndash115 [PubMed]

20 Ekblom A Hansson P Thomsson M Thomas M Increased postoperative pain and consumption of analgesics following acupuncture Pain 199144(3)241ndash247 [PubMed]

21 Zijlstra FJ van den Berg-de Lange I Huygen FJ Klein J Anti-inflammatory actions of acupuncture Mediators Inflamm 200312(2)59ndash69 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

22 Karst M Winterhalter M Muumlnte S et al Auricular acupuncture for dental anxiety A randomized controlled trial Anesth Analg 2007104(2)295ndash300 [PubMed]

23 Rosted P Bundgaard M Gordon S Pedersen AM Acupuncture in the management of anxiety related to dental treatment A case series Acupunct Med 201028(1)3ndash5 [PubMed]

24 Sari E Sari T The role of acupuncture in the treatment of orthodontic patients with a gagging reflex A pilot study Br Dent J 2010208(10)E19 [PubMed]

25 Rosted P Bundgaard M Fiske J Pedersen AM The use of acupuncture in controlling the gag reflex in patients requiring an upper alginate impression An audit Br Dent J 2006201(11)721ndash725discussion715 [PubMed]

26 List T Acupuncture in the treatment of patients with craniomandibular disorders Comparative longitudinal and methodological studies Swed Dent J Suppl 1992871ndash159 [PubMed]

27 Park J White A Stevinson C Ernst E James M Validating a new non-penetrating sham acupuncture device Two randomised controlled trials Acupunct Med 200220(4)168ndash174 [PubMed]

28 Shen YF Younger J Goddard G Mackey S Randomized clinical trial of acupuncture for myofascial pain of the jaw muscles J OrofacPain 200923(4)353ndash359 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

29 Cho SH Whang WW Acupuncture for temporomandibular disorders A systematic review J Orofac Pain 201024(2)152ndash162 [PubMed]

30 Johnstone PA Peng YP May BC Inouye WS Niemtzow RC Acupuncture for pilocarpine-resistant xerostomia following radiotherapy for head and neck malignancies Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 200150(2)353ndash357 [PubMed]

31 Furness S Bryan G McMillan R Worthington HV Interventions for the management of dry mouth Non-pharmacological interventions Cochrane Database Syst Rev 20138CD009603 [PubMed]

32 Silva SA Acupuncture for the relief of pain of facial and dental origin Anesth Prog 198936(4ndash5)244ndash245 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

33 Chien TJ Liu CY Hsu CH Integrating acupuncture into cancer care J Tradit Complement Med 20133(4)234ndash239 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

34 Liang F Li Y Yu S et al A multicentral randomized control study on clinical acupuncture treatment of Bells palsy J Tradit Chin Med 200626(1)3ndash7 [PubMed]

35 Bensoussan A Systematic review of acupuncture in dental pain Focus Altern Complement Ther 1999415ndash16

36 Pomeranz B Scientific basis of acupuncture In Stux G editor Pomeranz B editor eds Acupuncture Textbook and Atlas Heidelberg Springer-Verlag 19871ndash18

37 Kavoussi B Ross BE The neuroimmune basis of anti-inflammatory acupuncture Integr Cancer Ther 20076(3)251ndash257 [PubMed]

Thanks to httpswwwncbinlmnihgovpmcarticlesPMC4270142

Naik PN Kiran RA Yalamanchal S Kumar VA Goli S Vashist N Acupuncture An Alternative Therapy in Dentistry and Its Possible Applications Medical Acupuncture 201426(6)308-314 doi101089acu20141028

Ann Ital Chir 1995 May-Jun66(3)373-8

[Treatment of trigeminal neuralgia with electroacupuncture Experience with 104

cases]Costantini D Tomasello C Buonopane CE Sances D Marandola M Delogu G

Istituto di Anestesiologia e Rianimazione Universitagrave degli Studi di Roma La

Sapienza

The essential or secondary trigeminal neuralgia is a very frequent and invalidant disease In this forms the medical or surgical conventional therapies are often inadequate In this study we evaluated the effects of the acupunctural therapy on 104 patients (mean age 523 +- 13 years) with idiopathic or secondary trigeminal neuralgia Utilizing cycles of twelve sessions the acupunctural treatment was performed with an electrostimulator on local points and a distance or on aching points in the secondary forms The results was evaluated on the basis of three parameters (reappearance of the symptomatology absence of pain in months and preceding treatments) and was defined using this scale very well well fair and null In conclusion we can say that acupuncture is an elective treatment in all kinds of secondary tregeminalneuralgia while in the idiopathic form its validity is conditioned by preceding medical treatments and by beginning of the disease

Braz Dent J 200718(2)158-62

Electro-acupuncture efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar

surgeryTavares MG Machado AP Motta BG Borsatto MC Rosa AL Xavier SP

Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology School of Dentistry

of Ribeiratildeo Preto University of Sao Paulo Ribeiratildeo Preto SP Brazil

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of electro-acupuncture (EAC) on postoperative pain control after mandibular third molar surgery Twenty four young patients (12 male and 12 female) with symmetrically impacted mandibular third molars were selected Each patient was submitted to two separate surgical procedures under local anesthesia At one side extraction was carried out employing both prior (24h) and immediately postoperative application of EAC while on the contralateral side surgery was carried out without any treatment EAC was applied on 6 bilateral systemic and 2 auricular points with a WQ10Dl appliance using 40-60Hz frequency for 20 min and individually adjusted intensity Postoperative pain intensity was rated on a 100 mm visual analog scale (VAS) between 2 and 72 h and recording the amount of analgesics intake after surgery Statistical analysis was performed using theWilcoxon test Postoperative pain VAS scores were significantly lower for the EAC group (plt005) and analgesic intake decreased (plt005) for all evaluated periods (plt005) Under the tested conditions EAC therapy is efficient was proved controlling postoperative pain following mandibular third molar surgical removal

J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2005 Apr33(2)118-22

Acupuncture analgesia and its application in cranio-maxillofacial surgical

procedures Pohodenko-Chudakova IODepartment of Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery Faculty of Stomatology

Belarussian State Medical University Minsk Belarus ip-cyandexru

PATIENTS AND METHODS Acupuncture analgesia was applied in 120 patients In 20 of these surgery was carried out under general anaesthesia in combination with acupuncture analgesia In 100 patients acupuncture analgesia was applied in addition to traditional postoperative analgesia In case of troublesome postoperative pain it was necessary to carry out additional sessions (1-4) of acupuncture stimulation

RESULTS When acupuncture analgesia was used the pulse rate and blood pressure during surgery generally remained stable In the present study serum cortisol was also measured and showed only minor elevation

CONCLUSION Acupuncture analgesia can be a useful adjunct to conventional anaesthesia in maxillofacial surgery

J Orofac Pain 2009 Fall23(4)353-9

Randomized clinical trial of acupuncture for myofascial pain of the jaw muscles Shen YF Younger J Goddard G Mackey S

Department of oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Center for Orofacial Pain University

of California San Francisco San Francisco CA 94143-0768 USA

METHODS Twenty-eight subjects over the age of 18 and diagnosed with chronic myofascial pain of the jaw muscles were randomized to receive real (n = 16) or sham (n = 12) acupuncture

RESULTS Subjects receiving real acupuncture experienced a significant reduction in jaw pain (P = 04) jawface tightness (P = 04) and neck pain (P = 04) and a significant increase in pain tolerance of the masseter muscle (P = 001) Subjects were not able to determine whether they received real or sham acupuncture (P = 69) No significant pain reductions were observed in the sham acupuncture group

CONCLUSION A single acupuncture session using one acupoint at Hegu large intestine 4 significantly reduced most myofascial pain endpoints when compared to sham acupuncture

MIND BODY ARTICLES

Read some other articles

How Mindfulness Meditation Can Help People With Rheumatoid

Arthritis (huffingtonpostcom)

How Meditation Changes Pain Relieves

Depression (psychologytodaycom)

How Meditation Might Relieve Pain (forbescom)

Neural correlates of pain reduction through

meditation (mindblogdericbowndsnet)

Pain Is No Matter for the Meditative Mind (brainbloggercom)

MIND-BODY Pain Relief Research

Reduced disability secondary to back pain improvements on global and physical health and improved pain levels compared to pre-intervention levels

Morone N Weiner D amp Greco C (2005) Randomized trial of mindfulness meditation in older adults for the treatment of chronic low back pain

- 34 of patients gtgt 33 decrease in pain- 12 of patients gtgt 50 decrease in pain - 44 of patients gtgt decreased analgesic use- 28 of patients gtgt discontinued analgesics

The Clinical Use of Mindfulness Meditation for the Self-Regulation of Chronic Pain Kabat-Zinn J Journal of Behavioral Medicine 1985

Many patients needed less pain medication After fifteen months not only did they suffer less pain but because they suffered less pain they also suffered less from depression and anxiety

WE Mehling KA Hamel M Acree N Byl and FM Hecht Randomized controlled trial of breath therapy for patients with chronic low-back pain Altern Ther Health Med 2005 JulndashAug 11(4)44ndash52

Chronic Pain

Acceptance-based interventions such as mindfulness-based stress reduction program and acceptance and commitment therapy are alternative approaches to cognitive behavioral therapy for treating patients wtih chronic pain In this systematic review and meta-analysis twenty-two studies were included totaling 1235 patients with chronic pain The results suggest that a mindfulness-based stress reduction program and acceptance and commitment therapy can be good alternatives to cognitive behavioral therapy More high-quality studies are needed Acceptance-based therapies have small to medium effects on physical and mental health in chronic pain patients comparable to those of cognitive behavioral therapy

Veehof MM Oskam MJ Schreurs KM Bohlmeijer ET Acceptance-based interventions for the treatment of chronic pain a systematic review and meta-analysis Pain 152(3)533-42 2011

Ten studies were included in this review Mindfulness-based interventions showed non-specific effects for the reduction of pain symptoms and the improvement of depressive symptoms in patients with chronic pain There were also some improvements in psychologic measures related to chronic pain including pain coping Further research in larger studies is warranted

Chiesa A Serretti A Mindfulness-based interventions for chronic pain a systematic review of the evidence Journal of Alternative amp Complementary Medicine 17(1) 83-93 2011

Page 20: ACUPUNCTURE AND FACIAL PAIN - Darcy Nat · (Bensoussan 1999, Rosted 1998, Ernst 1998). Controlled trials have shown that ear acupuncture is as effective as intranasal midazolam in

Acupuncture Studies

taken from Dentistry

Journals and Papers

Introduction to

acupuncture in

dentistry P Rosted

BRITISH DENTAL

JOURNAL VOLUME 189

NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

Introduction to acupuncture

in dentistry P Rosted BRITISH

DENTAL JOURNAL VOLUME

189 NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry P Rosted BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL VOLUME 189

NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

StudiesStudies

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry P

Rosted BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL

VOLUME 189 NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

Acupuncture in 11 out of 15 studies proved effective in the

treatment of temperomandibular dysfunction (TMD) and as analgesia

The use of acupuncture in dentistry a review of the scientific validity of published paper

Oral Dis 1998 Jun4(2)100-4

(Bensoussan 1999 Rosted 1998 Ernst 1998) Controlled trials have shown that ear acupuncture is as effective as intranasal midazolam in reducing dental anxiety

(Karst 2007) and that acupuncture is more effective than placebo in the prevention of post-operative dental pain

(Lao 1999) and in reducing the gagging reflex

(Sari 2010) Evidence from case series suggests that acupuncture can reduce dental anxiety

(Rosted 2010) and the gagging reflex

(Rosted 2006) and that electroacupuncture can control post-operative pain after wisdom tooth extraction

(Tarares 2007) One controlled study found no effect on the pain threashold of dental pulp

(Goddard 2009)The systematic reviews are now more than 10 years old and up-to-date ones are called for to better evaluate the evidence

In general acupuncture is believed to stimulate the nervous system and cause the release of neurochemical messenger molecules The resulting biochemical changes influence the bodys homeostatic mechanisms thus promoting physical and emotional well-being Stimulation of certain acupuncture points has been shown to affect areas of the brain that are known to reduce sensitivity to pain and stress as well as promoting relaxation and deactivating the analytical brain which is responsible for anxiety (Wu 1999)

Acupuncture may help relieve dental pain by

stimulating nerves located in muscles and other tissues which leads to release of endorphins and other neurohumoral factors (eg neuropeptide Y serotonin) and changes the processing of pain in the brain and spinal cord (Pomeranz 1987 Han 2004 Zhao 2008 Zhou 2008 Lee 2009 Cheng 2009)

reducing the cardiovascular reflex elicited by toothache which is associated with the adrenergic system (Jung 2006)

increasing the release of adenosine which has antinociceptive properties (Goldman 2010)

modulating the limbic-paralimbic-neocortical network (Hui 2009)

reducing inflammation by promoting release of vascular and immunomodulatory factors (Kavoussi 2007 Zijlstra 2003)

increasing local microcirculation (Komori 2009) which aids dispersal of swelling

British Acupuncture Council

Systematic reviews

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry

Br Dent J 2000 Aug 12189(3)136-40

Rosted P

The use of acupuncture in dentistry a review of the scientific validity of published papers

Oral Dis 1998 Jun4(2)100-4

Rosted P

Temporomandibular Dysfunction

Practical recommendations for the use of acupuncture in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders based on the outcome of published controlled studies

Oral Dis 2001 Mar7(2)109-15

Rosted P

Effectiveness of acupuncture in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders of muscular origin a systematic review of the last decade

La Touche R Angulo-Diacuteaz-Parrentildeo S de-la-Hoz JL Fernaacutendez-CarneroJ Ge HY Linares MT Mesa J Saacutenchez-Gutieacuterrez J J AlternComplement Med 2010 Jan16(1)107-12

Bells Palsy

Physical therapy for Bellrsquos palsy (idiopathic facial paralysis)

Teixeira LJ Valbuza JS Prado GF Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011 Dec 7(12)CD006283

Department of Neurology West China Hospital Sichuan University Wai Nan Guo Xue Xiang 37 Chengdu Sichuan China 610041

Dental painThe effectiveness of acupuncture in treating acute dental pain a systematic reviewErnst E Pittler MH Br Dent J 1998 May 9184(9)443-7

Dry Mouth

Randomized controlled trial of acupuncture for prevention of radiation-induced xerostomia among patients with nasopharyngeal carcinomaMeng Z Garcia MK Hu C Chiang J Chambers M Rosenthal DI Peng H Zhang Y Zhao Q Zhao G Liu L Spelman A Palmer JL Wei Q Cohen LCancer 2012 Jul 1118(13)3337-44 doi 101002cncr26550 Epub 2011 Nov 9

Dental AnxietyAuricular acupuncture effectively reduces state anxiety before dental treatment ndash a randomised controlled trialMichalek-Sauberer A Gusenleitner E Gleiss A Tepper G Deusch EClin Oral Investig 2012 Jan 6 [Epub ahead of print]

Trigeminal NeuralgiaPractical application of meridian acupuncture treatment for trigeminal neuralgiaBeppu S Sato Y Amemiya Y Tode IAnesth Pain Control Dent 1992 Spring1(2)103-8

Post Operative Dental PainAcupuncture treatment of pain dysfunction syndrome after dental extractionRosted P Joslashrgensen VAcupunct Med 2002 Dec20(4)191-2

Thanks to httpbenzappincomacupuncture-in-dentistry

1 Rosted P Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry Br Dent J 2000189(3)136ndash140 [PubMed]

2 Stux G Pomeranz G Scientific Basis of Acupuncture Acupuncture Textbook and Atlas Heidelberg Springer Verlag 1987

3 Lao L Bergman S Langenberg P Wong RH Berman B Efficacy of Chinese acupuncture on postoperative oral surgery pain Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 199579(4)423ndash428[PubMed]

4 Rosted P The use of acupuncture in dentistry A systematic review Acupunct Med 199816(1)43ndash48

5 Wong LB Acupuncture in dentistry Its possible role and application Proc Singapore Healthcare 201221(1)432ndash448

6 Michalek-Sauberer A Heinzl H Sator-Katzenschlager SM Monov G Knolle E Kress HGPerioperative auricular electroacupuncture has no effect on pain and analgesic consumption after third molar tooth extraction Anesth Analg 2007104(3)542ndash547 [PubMed]

7 Ulett GA Han S Han JS Electroacupuncture Mechanisms and clinical application Biol Psychiatr 199844(2)129ndash138 [PubMed]

8 Fang J Jin Z Wang Y et al The salient characteristics of the central effects of acupuncture needling Limbicndashparalimbicndashneocortical network modulation Hum Brain Mapp 200930(4)1196ndash1206 [PubMed]

9 National Institutes of Health (NIH) NIH Consensus Conference Acupuncture JAMA 1998280(17)1518ndash1524 [PubMed]

10 Ernst E Pittler MH The effectiveness of acupuncture in treating acute dental pain A systematic review Br Dent J 1998184(9)443ndash447 [PubMed]

11 Goddard G Albers D Effects of acupuncture at Large Intestine 4 (LI 4) on electrical tooth pulp stimulation A randomized controlled pilot study Med Acupunct 200921(3)167ndash171

12 Chapman CR Chen AC Bonica JJ Effects of intrasegmental electrical acupuncture on dental pain Evaluation by threshold estimation and sensory decision Pain 19773(3)213ndash227 [PubMed]

13 Andersson S Lundeberg T Acupuncturemdashfrom empiricism to science Functional background to [sic] acupuncture effects in pain and disease Med Hypotheses 199545(3)271ndash281 [PubMed]

14 Rosted P Bundgaard M Can acupuncture reduce the induction time of a local anaestheticmdashA pilot study Acupunct Med 200321(3)92ndash99 [PubMed]

15 Simmons MS Oleson TD Auricular electrical stimulation and dental pain threshold Anesth Prog 199340(1)14ndash19 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

16 Tavares MG Machado AP Motta BG Borsatto MC Rosa AL Xavier SP Electro-acupuncture efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar surgery Braz Dent J 200718(2)158ndash162 [PubMed]

17 Lao L Bergman S Hamilton GR Langenberg P Berman B Evaluation of acupuncture for pain control after oral surgery A placebo-controlled trial Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1999125(5)567ndash572 [PubMed]

18 Ribeiro DC Dental Acupuncture A Technique Against Pain 1st ed Satildeo Paulo Iacutecone 2002

19 Kitade T Ohyabu H Analgesic effects of acupuncture on pain after mandibular wisdom tooth extraction Acupunct Electrother Res 200025(2)109ndash115 [PubMed]

20 Ekblom A Hansson P Thomsson M Thomas M Increased postoperative pain and consumption of analgesics following acupuncture Pain 199144(3)241ndash247 [PubMed]

21 Zijlstra FJ van den Berg-de Lange I Huygen FJ Klein J Anti-inflammatory actions of acupuncture Mediators Inflamm 200312(2)59ndash69 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

22 Karst M Winterhalter M Muumlnte S et al Auricular acupuncture for dental anxiety A randomized controlled trial Anesth Analg 2007104(2)295ndash300 [PubMed]

23 Rosted P Bundgaard M Gordon S Pedersen AM Acupuncture in the management of anxiety related to dental treatment A case series Acupunct Med 201028(1)3ndash5 [PubMed]

24 Sari E Sari T The role of acupuncture in the treatment of orthodontic patients with a gagging reflex A pilot study Br Dent J 2010208(10)E19 [PubMed]

25 Rosted P Bundgaard M Fiske J Pedersen AM The use of acupuncture in controlling the gag reflex in patients requiring an upper alginate impression An audit Br Dent J 2006201(11)721ndash725discussion715 [PubMed]

26 List T Acupuncture in the treatment of patients with craniomandibular disorders Comparative longitudinal and methodological studies Swed Dent J Suppl 1992871ndash159 [PubMed]

27 Park J White A Stevinson C Ernst E James M Validating a new non-penetrating sham acupuncture device Two randomised controlled trials Acupunct Med 200220(4)168ndash174 [PubMed]

28 Shen YF Younger J Goddard G Mackey S Randomized clinical trial of acupuncture for myofascial pain of the jaw muscles J OrofacPain 200923(4)353ndash359 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

29 Cho SH Whang WW Acupuncture for temporomandibular disorders A systematic review J Orofac Pain 201024(2)152ndash162 [PubMed]

30 Johnstone PA Peng YP May BC Inouye WS Niemtzow RC Acupuncture for pilocarpine-resistant xerostomia following radiotherapy for head and neck malignancies Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 200150(2)353ndash357 [PubMed]

31 Furness S Bryan G McMillan R Worthington HV Interventions for the management of dry mouth Non-pharmacological interventions Cochrane Database Syst Rev 20138CD009603 [PubMed]

32 Silva SA Acupuncture for the relief of pain of facial and dental origin Anesth Prog 198936(4ndash5)244ndash245 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

33 Chien TJ Liu CY Hsu CH Integrating acupuncture into cancer care J Tradit Complement Med 20133(4)234ndash239 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

34 Liang F Li Y Yu S et al A multicentral randomized control study on clinical acupuncture treatment of Bells palsy J Tradit Chin Med 200626(1)3ndash7 [PubMed]

35 Bensoussan A Systematic review of acupuncture in dental pain Focus Altern Complement Ther 1999415ndash16

36 Pomeranz B Scientific basis of acupuncture In Stux G editor Pomeranz B editor eds Acupuncture Textbook and Atlas Heidelberg Springer-Verlag 19871ndash18

37 Kavoussi B Ross BE The neuroimmune basis of anti-inflammatory acupuncture Integr Cancer Ther 20076(3)251ndash257 [PubMed]

Thanks to httpswwwncbinlmnihgovpmcarticlesPMC4270142

Naik PN Kiran RA Yalamanchal S Kumar VA Goli S Vashist N Acupuncture An Alternative Therapy in Dentistry and Its Possible Applications Medical Acupuncture 201426(6)308-314 doi101089acu20141028

Ann Ital Chir 1995 May-Jun66(3)373-8

[Treatment of trigeminal neuralgia with electroacupuncture Experience with 104

cases]Costantini D Tomasello C Buonopane CE Sances D Marandola M Delogu G

Istituto di Anestesiologia e Rianimazione Universitagrave degli Studi di Roma La

Sapienza

The essential or secondary trigeminal neuralgia is a very frequent and invalidant disease In this forms the medical or surgical conventional therapies are often inadequate In this study we evaluated the effects of the acupunctural therapy on 104 patients (mean age 523 +- 13 years) with idiopathic or secondary trigeminal neuralgia Utilizing cycles of twelve sessions the acupunctural treatment was performed with an electrostimulator on local points and a distance or on aching points in the secondary forms The results was evaluated on the basis of three parameters (reappearance of the symptomatology absence of pain in months and preceding treatments) and was defined using this scale very well well fair and null In conclusion we can say that acupuncture is an elective treatment in all kinds of secondary tregeminalneuralgia while in the idiopathic form its validity is conditioned by preceding medical treatments and by beginning of the disease

Braz Dent J 200718(2)158-62

Electro-acupuncture efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar

surgeryTavares MG Machado AP Motta BG Borsatto MC Rosa AL Xavier SP

Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology School of Dentistry

of Ribeiratildeo Preto University of Sao Paulo Ribeiratildeo Preto SP Brazil

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of electro-acupuncture (EAC) on postoperative pain control after mandibular third molar surgery Twenty four young patients (12 male and 12 female) with symmetrically impacted mandibular third molars were selected Each patient was submitted to two separate surgical procedures under local anesthesia At one side extraction was carried out employing both prior (24h) and immediately postoperative application of EAC while on the contralateral side surgery was carried out without any treatment EAC was applied on 6 bilateral systemic and 2 auricular points with a WQ10Dl appliance using 40-60Hz frequency for 20 min and individually adjusted intensity Postoperative pain intensity was rated on a 100 mm visual analog scale (VAS) between 2 and 72 h and recording the amount of analgesics intake after surgery Statistical analysis was performed using theWilcoxon test Postoperative pain VAS scores were significantly lower for the EAC group (plt005) and analgesic intake decreased (plt005) for all evaluated periods (plt005) Under the tested conditions EAC therapy is efficient was proved controlling postoperative pain following mandibular third molar surgical removal

J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2005 Apr33(2)118-22

Acupuncture analgesia and its application in cranio-maxillofacial surgical

procedures Pohodenko-Chudakova IODepartment of Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery Faculty of Stomatology

Belarussian State Medical University Minsk Belarus ip-cyandexru

PATIENTS AND METHODS Acupuncture analgesia was applied in 120 patients In 20 of these surgery was carried out under general anaesthesia in combination with acupuncture analgesia In 100 patients acupuncture analgesia was applied in addition to traditional postoperative analgesia In case of troublesome postoperative pain it was necessary to carry out additional sessions (1-4) of acupuncture stimulation

RESULTS When acupuncture analgesia was used the pulse rate and blood pressure during surgery generally remained stable In the present study serum cortisol was also measured and showed only minor elevation

CONCLUSION Acupuncture analgesia can be a useful adjunct to conventional anaesthesia in maxillofacial surgery

J Orofac Pain 2009 Fall23(4)353-9

Randomized clinical trial of acupuncture for myofascial pain of the jaw muscles Shen YF Younger J Goddard G Mackey S

Department of oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Center for Orofacial Pain University

of California San Francisco San Francisco CA 94143-0768 USA

METHODS Twenty-eight subjects over the age of 18 and diagnosed with chronic myofascial pain of the jaw muscles were randomized to receive real (n = 16) or sham (n = 12) acupuncture

RESULTS Subjects receiving real acupuncture experienced a significant reduction in jaw pain (P = 04) jawface tightness (P = 04) and neck pain (P = 04) and a significant increase in pain tolerance of the masseter muscle (P = 001) Subjects were not able to determine whether they received real or sham acupuncture (P = 69) No significant pain reductions were observed in the sham acupuncture group

CONCLUSION A single acupuncture session using one acupoint at Hegu large intestine 4 significantly reduced most myofascial pain endpoints when compared to sham acupuncture

MIND BODY ARTICLES

Read some other articles

How Mindfulness Meditation Can Help People With Rheumatoid

Arthritis (huffingtonpostcom)

How Meditation Changes Pain Relieves

Depression (psychologytodaycom)

How Meditation Might Relieve Pain (forbescom)

Neural correlates of pain reduction through

meditation (mindblogdericbowndsnet)

Pain Is No Matter for the Meditative Mind (brainbloggercom)

MIND-BODY Pain Relief Research

Reduced disability secondary to back pain improvements on global and physical health and improved pain levels compared to pre-intervention levels

Morone N Weiner D amp Greco C (2005) Randomized trial of mindfulness meditation in older adults for the treatment of chronic low back pain

- 34 of patients gtgt 33 decrease in pain- 12 of patients gtgt 50 decrease in pain - 44 of patients gtgt decreased analgesic use- 28 of patients gtgt discontinued analgesics

The Clinical Use of Mindfulness Meditation for the Self-Regulation of Chronic Pain Kabat-Zinn J Journal of Behavioral Medicine 1985

Many patients needed less pain medication After fifteen months not only did they suffer less pain but because they suffered less pain they also suffered less from depression and anxiety

WE Mehling KA Hamel M Acree N Byl and FM Hecht Randomized controlled trial of breath therapy for patients with chronic low-back pain Altern Ther Health Med 2005 JulndashAug 11(4)44ndash52

Chronic Pain

Acceptance-based interventions such as mindfulness-based stress reduction program and acceptance and commitment therapy are alternative approaches to cognitive behavioral therapy for treating patients wtih chronic pain In this systematic review and meta-analysis twenty-two studies were included totaling 1235 patients with chronic pain The results suggest that a mindfulness-based stress reduction program and acceptance and commitment therapy can be good alternatives to cognitive behavioral therapy More high-quality studies are needed Acceptance-based therapies have small to medium effects on physical and mental health in chronic pain patients comparable to those of cognitive behavioral therapy

Veehof MM Oskam MJ Schreurs KM Bohlmeijer ET Acceptance-based interventions for the treatment of chronic pain a systematic review and meta-analysis Pain 152(3)533-42 2011

Ten studies were included in this review Mindfulness-based interventions showed non-specific effects for the reduction of pain symptoms and the improvement of depressive symptoms in patients with chronic pain There were also some improvements in psychologic measures related to chronic pain including pain coping Further research in larger studies is warranted

Chiesa A Serretti A Mindfulness-based interventions for chronic pain a systematic review of the evidence Journal of Alternative amp Complementary Medicine 17(1) 83-93 2011

Page 21: ACUPUNCTURE AND FACIAL PAIN - Darcy Nat · (Bensoussan 1999, Rosted 1998, Ernst 1998). Controlled trials have shown that ear acupuncture is as effective as intranasal midazolam in

Introduction to

acupuncture in

dentistry P Rosted

BRITISH DENTAL

JOURNAL VOLUME 189

NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

Introduction to acupuncture

in dentistry P Rosted BRITISH

DENTAL JOURNAL VOLUME

189 NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry P Rosted BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL VOLUME 189

NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

StudiesStudies

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry P

Rosted BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL

VOLUME 189 NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

Acupuncture in 11 out of 15 studies proved effective in the

treatment of temperomandibular dysfunction (TMD) and as analgesia

The use of acupuncture in dentistry a review of the scientific validity of published paper

Oral Dis 1998 Jun4(2)100-4

(Bensoussan 1999 Rosted 1998 Ernst 1998) Controlled trials have shown that ear acupuncture is as effective as intranasal midazolam in reducing dental anxiety

(Karst 2007) and that acupuncture is more effective than placebo in the prevention of post-operative dental pain

(Lao 1999) and in reducing the gagging reflex

(Sari 2010) Evidence from case series suggests that acupuncture can reduce dental anxiety

(Rosted 2010) and the gagging reflex

(Rosted 2006) and that electroacupuncture can control post-operative pain after wisdom tooth extraction

(Tarares 2007) One controlled study found no effect on the pain threashold of dental pulp

(Goddard 2009)The systematic reviews are now more than 10 years old and up-to-date ones are called for to better evaluate the evidence

In general acupuncture is believed to stimulate the nervous system and cause the release of neurochemical messenger molecules The resulting biochemical changes influence the bodys homeostatic mechanisms thus promoting physical and emotional well-being Stimulation of certain acupuncture points has been shown to affect areas of the brain that are known to reduce sensitivity to pain and stress as well as promoting relaxation and deactivating the analytical brain which is responsible for anxiety (Wu 1999)

Acupuncture may help relieve dental pain by

stimulating nerves located in muscles and other tissues which leads to release of endorphins and other neurohumoral factors (eg neuropeptide Y serotonin) and changes the processing of pain in the brain and spinal cord (Pomeranz 1987 Han 2004 Zhao 2008 Zhou 2008 Lee 2009 Cheng 2009)

reducing the cardiovascular reflex elicited by toothache which is associated with the adrenergic system (Jung 2006)

increasing the release of adenosine which has antinociceptive properties (Goldman 2010)

modulating the limbic-paralimbic-neocortical network (Hui 2009)

reducing inflammation by promoting release of vascular and immunomodulatory factors (Kavoussi 2007 Zijlstra 2003)

increasing local microcirculation (Komori 2009) which aids dispersal of swelling

British Acupuncture Council

Systematic reviews

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry

Br Dent J 2000 Aug 12189(3)136-40

Rosted P

The use of acupuncture in dentistry a review of the scientific validity of published papers

Oral Dis 1998 Jun4(2)100-4

Rosted P

Temporomandibular Dysfunction

Practical recommendations for the use of acupuncture in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders based on the outcome of published controlled studies

Oral Dis 2001 Mar7(2)109-15

Rosted P

Effectiveness of acupuncture in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders of muscular origin a systematic review of the last decade

La Touche R Angulo-Diacuteaz-Parrentildeo S de-la-Hoz JL Fernaacutendez-CarneroJ Ge HY Linares MT Mesa J Saacutenchez-Gutieacuterrez J J AlternComplement Med 2010 Jan16(1)107-12

Bells Palsy

Physical therapy for Bellrsquos palsy (idiopathic facial paralysis)

Teixeira LJ Valbuza JS Prado GF Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011 Dec 7(12)CD006283

Department of Neurology West China Hospital Sichuan University Wai Nan Guo Xue Xiang 37 Chengdu Sichuan China 610041

Dental painThe effectiveness of acupuncture in treating acute dental pain a systematic reviewErnst E Pittler MH Br Dent J 1998 May 9184(9)443-7

Dry Mouth

Randomized controlled trial of acupuncture for prevention of radiation-induced xerostomia among patients with nasopharyngeal carcinomaMeng Z Garcia MK Hu C Chiang J Chambers M Rosenthal DI Peng H Zhang Y Zhao Q Zhao G Liu L Spelman A Palmer JL Wei Q Cohen LCancer 2012 Jul 1118(13)3337-44 doi 101002cncr26550 Epub 2011 Nov 9

Dental AnxietyAuricular acupuncture effectively reduces state anxiety before dental treatment ndash a randomised controlled trialMichalek-Sauberer A Gusenleitner E Gleiss A Tepper G Deusch EClin Oral Investig 2012 Jan 6 [Epub ahead of print]

Trigeminal NeuralgiaPractical application of meridian acupuncture treatment for trigeminal neuralgiaBeppu S Sato Y Amemiya Y Tode IAnesth Pain Control Dent 1992 Spring1(2)103-8

Post Operative Dental PainAcupuncture treatment of pain dysfunction syndrome after dental extractionRosted P Joslashrgensen VAcupunct Med 2002 Dec20(4)191-2

Thanks to httpbenzappincomacupuncture-in-dentistry

1 Rosted P Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry Br Dent J 2000189(3)136ndash140 [PubMed]

2 Stux G Pomeranz G Scientific Basis of Acupuncture Acupuncture Textbook and Atlas Heidelberg Springer Verlag 1987

3 Lao L Bergman S Langenberg P Wong RH Berman B Efficacy of Chinese acupuncture on postoperative oral surgery pain Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 199579(4)423ndash428[PubMed]

4 Rosted P The use of acupuncture in dentistry A systematic review Acupunct Med 199816(1)43ndash48

5 Wong LB Acupuncture in dentistry Its possible role and application Proc Singapore Healthcare 201221(1)432ndash448

6 Michalek-Sauberer A Heinzl H Sator-Katzenschlager SM Monov G Knolle E Kress HGPerioperative auricular electroacupuncture has no effect on pain and analgesic consumption after third molar tooth extraction Anesth Analg 2007104(3)542ndash547 [PubMed]

7 Ulett GA Han S Han JS Electroacupuncture Mechanisms and clinical application Biol Psychiatr 199844(2)129ndash138 [PubMed]

8 Fang J Jin Z Wang Y et al The salient characteristics of the central effects of acupuncture needling Limbicndashparalimbicndashneocortical network modulation Hum Brain Mapp 200930(4)1196ndash1206 [PubMed]

9 National Institutes of Health (NIH) NIH Consensus Conference Acupuncture JAMA 1998280(17)1518ndash1524 [PubMed]

10 Ernst E Pittler MH The effectiveness of acupuncture in treating acute dental pain A systematic review Br Dent J 1998184(9)443ndash447 [PubMed]

11 Goddard G Albers D Effects of acupuncture at Large Intestine 4 (LI 4) on electrical tooth pulp stimulation A randomized controlled pilot study Med Acupunct 200921(3)167ndash171

12 Chapman CR Chen AC Bonica JJ Effects of intrasegmental electrical acupuncture on dental pain Evaluation by threshold estimation and sensory decision Pain 19773(3)213ndash227 [PubMed]

13 Andersson S Lundeberg T Acupuncturemdashfrom empiricism to science Functional background to [sic] acupuncture effects in pain and disease Med Hypotheses 199545(3)271ndash281 [PubMed]

14 Rosted P Bundgaard M Can acupuncture reduce the induction time of a local anaestheticmdashA pilot study Acupunct Med 200321(3)92ndash99 [PubMed]

15 Simmons MS Oleson TD Auricular electrical stimulation and dental pain threshold Anesth Prog 199340(1)14ndash19 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

16 Tavares MG Machado AP Motta BG Borsatto MC Rosa AL Xavier SP Electro-acupuncture efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar surgery Braz Dent J 200718(2)158ndash162 [PubMed]

17 Lao L Bergman S Hamilton GR Langenberg P Berman B Evaluation of acupuncture for pain control after oral surgery A placebo-controlled trial Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1999125(5)567ndash572 [PubMed]

18 Ribeiro DC Dental Acupuncture A Technique Against Pain 1st ed Satildeo Paulo Iacutecone 2002

19 Kitade T Ohyabu H Analgesic effects of acupuncture on pain after mandibular wisdom tooth extraction Acupunct Electrother Res 200025(2)109ndash115 [PubMed]

20 Ekblom A Hansson P Thomsson M Thomas M Increased postoperative pain and consumption of analgesics following acupuncture Pain 199144(3)241ndash247 [PubMed]

21 Zijlstra FJ van den Berg-de Lange I Huygen FJ Klein J Anti-inflammatory actions of acupuncture Mediators Inflamm 200312(2)59ndash69 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

22 Karst M Winterhalter M Muumlnte S et al Auricular acupuncture for dental anxiety A randomized controlled trial Anesth Analg 2007104(2)295ndash300 [PubMed]

23 Rosted P Bundgaard M Gordon S Pedersen AM Acupuncture in the management of anxiety related to dental treatment A case series Acupunct Med 201028(1)3ndash5 [PubMed]

24 Sari E Sari T The role of acupuncture in the treatment of orthodontic patients with a gagging reflex A pilot study Br Dent J 2010208(10)E19 [PubMed]

25 Rosted P Bundgaard M Fiske J Pedersen AM The use of acupuncture in controlling the gag reflex in patients requiring an upper alginate impression An audit Br Dent J 2006201(11)721ndash725discussion715 [PubMed]

26 List T Acupuncture in the treatment of patients with craniomandibular disorders Comparative longitudinal and methodological studies Swed Dent J Suppl 1992871ndash159 [PubMed]

27 Park J White A Stevinson C Ernst E James M Validating a new non-penetrating sham acupuncture device Two randomised controlled trials Acupunct Med 200220(4)168ndash174 [PubMed]

28 Shen YF Younger J Goddard G Mackey S Randomized clinical trial of acupuncture for myofascial pain of the jaw muscles J OrofacPain 200923(4)353ndash359 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

29 Cho SH Whang WW Acupuncture for temporomandibular disorders A systematic review J Orofac Pain 201024(2)152ndash162 [PubMed]

30 Johnstone PA Peng YP May BC Inouye WS Niemtzow RC Acupuncture for pilocarpine-resistant xerostomia following radiotherapy for head and neck malignancies Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 200150(2)353ndash357 [PubMed]

31 Furness S Bryan G McMillan R Worthington HV Interventions for the management of dry mouth Non-pharmacological interventions Cochrane Database Syst Rev 20138CD009603 [PubMed]

32 Silva SA Acupuncture for the relief of pain of facial and dental origin Anesth Prog 198936(4ndash5)244ndash245 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

33 Chien TJ Liu CY Hsu CH Integrating acupuncture into cancer care J Tradit Complement Med 20133(4)234ndash239 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

34 Liang F Li Y Yu S et al A multicentral randomized control study on clinical acupuncture treatment of Bells palsy J Tradit Chin Med 200626(1)3ndash7 [PubMed]

35 Bensoussan A Systematic review of acupuncture in dental pain Focus Altern Complement Ther 1999415ndash16

36 Pomeranz B Scientific basis of acupuncture In Stux G editor Pomeranz B editor eds Acupuncture Textbook and Atlas Heidelberg Springer-Verlag 19871ndash18

37 Kavoussi B Ross BE The neuroimmune basis of anti-inflammatory acupuncture Integr Cancer Ther 20076(3)251ndash257 [PubMed]

Thanks to httpswwwncbinlmnihgovpmcarticlesPMC4270142

Naik PN Kiran RA Yalamanchal S Kumar VA Goli S Vashist N Acupuncture An Alternative Therapy in Dentistry and Its Possible Applications Medical Acupuncture 201426(6)308-314 doi101089acu20141028

Ann Ital Chir 1995 May-Jun66(3)373-8

[Treatment of trigeminal neuralgia with electroacupuncture Experience with 104

cases]Costantini D Tomasello C Buonopane CE Sances D Marandola M Delogu G

Istituto di Anestesiologia e Rianimazione Universitagrave degli Studi di Roma La

Sapienza

The essential or secondary trigeminal neuralgia is a very frequent and invalidant disease In this forms the medical or surgical conventional therapies are often inadequate In this study we evaluated the effects of the acupunctural therapy on 104 patients (mean age 523 +- 13 years) with idiopathic or secondary trigeminal neuralgia Utilizing cycles of twelve sessions the acupunctural treatment was performed with an electrostimulator on local points and a distance or on aching points in the secondary forms The results was evaluated on the basis of three parameters (reappearance of the symptomatology absence of pain in months and preceding treatments) and was defined using this scale very well well fair and null In conclusion we can say that acupuncture is an elective treatment in all kinds of secondary tregeminalneuralgia while in the idiopathic form its validity is conditioned by preceding medical treatments and by beginning of the disease

Braz Dent J 200718(2)158-62

Electro-acupuncture efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar

surgeryTavares MG Machado AP Motta BG Borsatto MC Rosa AL Xavier SP

Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology School of Dentistry

of Ribeiratildeo Preto University of Sao Paulo Ribeiratildeo Preto SP Brazil

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of electro-acupuncture (EAC) on postoperative pain control after mandibular third molar surgery Twenty four young patients (12 male and 12 female) with symmetrically impacted mandibular third molars were selected Each patient was submitted to two separate surgical procedures under local anesthesia At one side extraction was carried out employing both prior (24h) and immediately postoperative application of EAC while on the contralateral side surgery was carried out without any treatment EAC was applied on 6 bilateral systemic and 2 auricular points with a WQ10Dl appliance using 40-60Hz frequency for 20 min and individually adjusted intensity Postoperative pain intensity was rated on a 100 mm visual analog scale (VAS) between 2 and 72 h and recording the amount of analgesics intake after surgery Statistical analysis was performed using theWilcoxon test Postoperative pain VAS scores were significantly lower for the EAC group (plt005) and analgesic intake decreased (plt005) for all evaluated periods (plt005) Under the tested conditions EAC therapy is efficient was proved controlling postoperative pain following mandibular third molar surgical removal

J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2005 Apr33(2)118-22

Acupuncture analgesia and its application in cranio-maxillofacial surgical

procedures Pohodenko-Chudakova IODepartment of Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery Faculty of Stomatology

Belarussian State Medical University Minsk Belarus ip-cyandexru

PATIENTS AND METHODS Acupuncture analgesia was applied in 120 patients In 20 of these surgery was carried out under general anaesthesia in combination with acupuncture analgesia In 100 patients acupuncture analgesia was applied in addition to traditional postoperative analgesia In case of troublesome postoperative pain it was necessary to carry out additional sessions (1-4) of acupuncture stimulation

RESULTS When acupuncture analgesia was used the pulse rate and blood pressure during surgery generally remained stable In the present study serum cortisol was also measured and showed only minor elevation

CONCLUSION Acupuncture analgesia can be a useful adjunct to conventional anaesthesia in maxillofacial surgery

J Orofac Pain 2009 Fall23(4)353-9

Randomized clinical trial of acupuncture for myofascial pain of the jaw muscles Shen YF Younger J Goddard G Mackey S

Department of oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Center for Orofacial Pain University

of California San Francisco San Francisco CA 94143-0768 USA

METHODS Twenty-eight subjects over the age of 18 and diagnosed with chronic myofascial pain of the jaw muscles were randomized to receive real (n = 16) or sham (n = 12) acupuncture

RESULTS Subjects receiving real acupuncture experienced a significant reduction in jaw pain (P = 04) jawface tightness (P = 04) and neck pain (P = 04) and a significant increase in pain tolerance of the masseter muscle (P = 001) Subjects were not able to determine whether they received real or sham acupuncture (P = 69) No significant pain reductions were observed in the sham acupuncture group

CONCLUSION A single acupuncture session using one acupoint at Hegu large intestine 4 significantly reduced most myofascial pain endpoints when compared to sham acupuncture

MIND BODY ARTICLES

Read some other articles

How Mindfulness Meditation Can Help People With Rheumatoid

Arthritis (huffingtonpostcom)

How Meditation Changes Pain Relieves

Depression (psychologytodaycom)

How Meditation Might Relieve Pain (forbescom)

Neural correlates of pain reduction through

meditation (mindblogdericbowndsnet)

Pain Is No Matter for the Meditative Mind (brainbloggercom)

MIND-BODY Pain Relief Research

Reduced disability secondary to back pain improvements on global and physical health and improved pain levels compared to pre-intervention levels

Morone N Weiner D amp Greco C (2005) Randomized trial of mindfulness meditation in older adults for the treatment of chronic low back pain

- 34 of patients gtgt 33 decrease in pain- 12 of patients gtgt 50 decrease in pain - 44 of patients gtgt decreased analgesic use- 28 of patients gtgt discontinued analgesics

The Clinical Use of Mindfulness Meditation for the Self-Regulation of Chronic Pain Kabat-Zinn J Journal of Behavioral Medicine 1985

Many patients needed less pain medication After fifteen months not only did they suffer less pain but because they suffered less pain they also suffered less from depression and anxiety

WE Mehling KA Hamel M Acree N Byl and FM Hecht Randomized controlled trial of breath therapy for patients with chronic low-back pain Altern Ther Health Med 2005 JulndashAug 11(4)44ndash52

Chronic Pain

Acceptance-based interventions such as mindfulness-based stress reduction program and acceptance and commitment therapy are alternative approaches to cognitive behavioral therapy for treating patients wtih chronic pain In this systematic review and meta-analysis twenty-two studies were included totaling 1235 patients with chronic pain The results suggest that a mindfulness-based stress reduction program and acceptance and commitment therapy can be good alternatives to cognitive behavioral therapy More high-quality studies are needed Acceptance-based therapies have small to medium effects on physical and mental health in chronic pain patients comparable to those of cognitive behavioral therapy

Veehof MM Oskam MJ Schreurs KM Bohlmeijer ET Acceptance-based interventions for the treatment of chronic pain a systematic review and meta-analysis Pain 152(3)533-42 2011

Ten studies were included in this review Mindfulness-based interventions showed non-specific effects for the reduction of pain symptoms and the improvement of depressive symptoms in patients with chronic pain There were also some improvements in psychologic measures related to chronic pain including pain coping Further research in larger studies is warranted

Chiesa A Serretti A Mindfulness-based interventions for chronic pain a systematic review of the evidence Journal of Alternative amp Complementary Medicine 17(1) 83-93 2011

Page 22: ACUPUNCTURE AND FACIAL PAIN - Darcy Nat · (Bensoussan 1999, Rosted 1998, Ernst 1998). Controlled trials have shown that ear acupuncture is as effective as intranasal midazolam in

Introduction to acupuncture

in dentistry P Rosted BRITISH

DENTAL JOURNAL VOLUME

189 NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry P Rosted BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL VOLUME 189

NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

StudiesStudies

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry P

Rosted BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL

VOLUME 189 NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

Acupuncture in 11 out of 15 studies proved effective in the

treatment of temperomandibular dysfunction (TMD) and as analgesia

The use of acupuncture in dentistry a review of the scientific validity of published paper

Oral Dis 1998 Jun4(2)100-4

(Bensoussan 1999 Rosted 1998 Ernst 1998) Controlled trials have shown that ear acupuncture is as effective as intranasal midazolam in reducing dental anxiety

(Karst 2007) and that acupuncture is more effective than placebo in the prevention of post-operative dental pain

(Lao 1999) and in reducing the gagging reflex

(Sari 2010) Evidence from case series suggests that acupuncture can reduce dental anxiety

(Rosted 2010) and the gagging reflex

(Rosted 2006) and that electroacupuncture can control post-operative pain after wisdom tooth extraction

(Tarares 2007) One controlled study found no effect on the pain threashold of dental pulp

(Goddard 2009)The systematic reviews are now more than 10 years old and up-to-date ones are called for to better evaluate the evidence

In general acupuncture is believed to stimulate the nervous system and cause the release of neurochemical messenger molecules The resulting biochemical changes influence the bodys homeostatic mechanisms thus promoting physical and emotional well-being Stimulation of certain acupuncture points has been shown to affect areas of the brain that are known to reduce sensitivity to pain and stress as well as promoting relaxation and deactivating the analytical brain which is responsible for anxiety (Wu 1999)

Acupuncture may help relieve dental pain by

stimulating nerves located in muscles and other tissues which leads to release of endorphins and other neurohumoral factors (eg neuropeptide Y serotonin) and changes the processing of pain in the brain and spinal cord (Pomeranz 1987 Han 2004 Zhao 2008 Zhou 2008 Lee 2009 Cheng 2009)

reducing the cardiovascular reflex elicited by toothache which is associated with the adrenergic system (Jung 2006)

increasing the release of adenosine which has antinociceptive properties (Goldman 2010)

modulating the limbic-paralimbic-neocortical network (Hui 2009)

reducing inflammation by promoting release of vascular and immunomodulatory factors (Kavoussi 2007 Zijlstra 2003)

increasing local microcirculation (Komori 2009) which aids dispersal of swelling

British Acupuncture Council

Systematic reviews

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry

Br Dent J 2000 Aug 12189(3)136-40

Rosted P

The use of acupuncture in dentistry a review of the scientific validity of published papers

Oral Dis 1998 Jun4(2)100-4

Rosted P

Temporomandibular Dysfunction

Practical recommendations for the use of acupuncture in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders based on the outcome of published controlled studies

Oral Dis 2001 Mar7(2)109-15

Rosted P

Effectiveness of acupuncture in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders of muscular origin a systematic review of the last decade

La Touche R Angulo-Diacuteaz-Parrentildeo S de-la-Hoz JL Fernaacutendez-CarneroJ Ge HY Linares MT Mesa J Saacutenchez-Gutieacuterrez J J AlternComplement Med 2010 Jan16(1)107-12

Bells Palsy

Physical therapy for Bellrsquos palsy (idiopathic facial paralysis)

Teixeira LJ Valbuza JS Prado GF Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011 Dec 7(12)CD006283

Department of Neurology West China Hospital Sichuan University Wai Nan Guo Xue Xiang 37 Chengdu Sichuan China 610041

Dental painThe effectiveness of acupuncture in treating acute dental pain a systematic reviewErnst E Pittler MH Br Dent J 1998 May 9184(9)443-7

Dry Mouth

Randomized controlled trial of acupuncture for prevention of radiation-induced xerostomia among patients with nasopharyngeal carcinomaMeng Z Garcia MK Hu C Chiang J Chambers M Rosenthal DI Peng H Zhang Y Zhao Q Zhao G Liu L Spelman A Palmer JL Wei Q Cohen LCancer 2012 Jul 1118(13)3337-44 doi 101002cncr26550 Epub 2011 Nov 9

Dental AnxietyAuricular acupuncture effectively reduces state anxiety before dental treatment ndash a randomised controlled trialMichalek-Sauberer A Gusenleitner E Gleiss A Tepper G Deusch EClin Oral Investig 2012 Jan 6 [Epub ahead of print]

Trigeminal NeuralgiaPractical application of meridian acupuncture treatment for trigeminal neuralgiaBeppu S Sato Y Amemiya Y Tode IAnesth Pain Control Dent 1992 Spring1(2)103-8

Post Operative Dental PainAcupuncture treatment of pain dysfunction syndrome after dental extractionRosted P Joslashrgensen VAcupunct Med 2002 Dec20(4)191-2

Thanks to httpbenzappincomacupuncture-in-dentistry

1 Rosted P Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry Br Dent J 2000189(3)136ndash140 [PubMed]

2 Stux G Pomeranz G Scientific Basis of Acupuncture Acupuncture Textbook and Atlas Heidelberg Springer Verlag 1987

3 Lao L Bergman S Langenberg P Wong RH Berman B Efficacy of Chinese acupuncture on postoperative oral surgery pain Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 199579(4)423ndash428[PubMed]

4 Rosted P The use of acupuncture in dentistry A systematic review Acupunct Med 199816(1)43ndash48

5 Wong LB Acupuncture in dentistry Its possible role and application Proc Singapore Healthcare 201221(1)432ndash448

6 Michalek-Sauberer A Heinzl H Sator-Katzenschlager SM Monov G Knolle E Kress HGPerioperative auricular electroacupuncture has no effect on pain and analgesic consumption after third molar tooth extraction Anesth Analg 2007104(3)542ndash547 [PubMed]

7 Ulett GA Han S Han JS Electroacupuncture Mechanisms and clinical application Biol Psychiatr 199844(2)129ndash138 [PubMed]

8 Fang J Jin Z Wang Y et al The salient characteristics of the central effects of acupuncture needling Limbicndashparalimbicndashneocortical network modulation Hum Brain Mapp 200930(4)1196ndash1206 [PubMed]

9 National Institutes of Health (NIH) NIH Consensus Conference Acupuncture JAMA 1998280(17)1518ndash1524 [PubMed]

10 Ernst E Pittler MH The effectiveness of acupuncture in treating acute dental pain A systematic review Br Dent J 1998184(9)443ndash447 [PubMed]

11 Goddard G Albers D Effects of acupuncture at Large Intestine 4 (LI 4) on electrical tooth pulp stimulation A randomized controlled pilot study Med Acupunct 200921(3)167ndash171

12 Chapman CR Chen AC Bonica JJ Effects of intrasegmental electrical acupuncture on dental pain Evaluation by threshold estimation and sensory decision Pain 19773(3)213ndash227 [PubMed]

13 Andersson S Lundeberg T Acupuncturemdashfrom empiricism to science Functional background to [sic] acupuncture effects in pain and disease Med Hypotheses 199545(3)271ndash281 [PubMed]

14 Rosted P Bundgaard M Can acupuncture reduce the induction time of a local anaestheticmdashA pilot study Acupunct Med 200321(3)92ndash99 [PubMed]

15 Simmons MS Oleson TD Auricular electrical stimulation and dental pain threshold Anesth Prog 199340(1)14ndash19 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

16 Tavares MG Machado AP Motta BG Borsatto MC Rosa AL Xavier SP Electro-acupuncture efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar surgery Braz Dent J 200718(2)158ndash162 [PubMed]

17 Lao L Bergman S Hamilton GR Langenberg P Berman B Evaluation of acupuncture for pain control after oral surgery A placebo-controlled trial Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1999125(5)567ndash572 [PubMed]

18 Ribeiro DC Dental Acupuncture A Technique Against Pain 1st ed Satildeo Paulo Iacutecone 2002

19 Kitade T Ohyabu H Analgesic effects of acupuncture on pain after mandibular wisdom tooth extraction Acupunct Electrother Res 200025(2)109ndash115 [PubMed]

20 Ekblom A Hansson P Thomsson M Thomas M Increased postoperative pain and consumption of analgesics following acupuncture Pain 199144(3)241ndash247 [PubMed]

21 Zijlstra FJ van den Berg-de Lange I Huygen FJ Klein J Anti-inflammatory actions of acupuncture Mediators Inflamm 200312(2)59ndash69 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

22 Karst M Winterhalter M Muumlnte S et al Auricular acupuncture for dental anxiety A randomized controlled trial Anesth Analg 2007104(2)295ndash300 [PubMed]

23 Rosted P Bundgaard M Gordon S Pedersen AM Acupuncture in the management of anxiety related to dental treatment A case series Acupunct Med 201028(1)3ndash5 [PubMed]

24 Sari E Sari T The role of acupuncture in the treatment of orthodontic patients with a gagging reflex A pilot study Br Dent J 2010208(10)E19 [PubMed]

25 Rosted P Bundgaard M Fiske J Pedersen AM The use of acupuncture in controlling the gag reflex in patients requiring an upper alginate impression An audit Br Dent J 2006201(11)721ndash725discussion715 [PubMed]

26 List T Acupuncture in the treatment of patients with craniomandibular disorders Comparative longitudinal and methodological studies Swed Dent J Suppl 1992871ndash159 [PubMed]

27 Park J White A Stevinson C Ernst E James M Validating a new non-penetrating sham acupuncture device Two randomised controlled trials Acupunct Med 200220(4)168ndash174 [PubMed]

28 Shen YF Younger J Goddard G Mackey S Randomized clinical trial of acupuncture for myofascial pain of the jaw muscles J OrofacPain 200923(4)353ndash359 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

29 Cho SH Whang WW Acupuncture for temporomandibular disorders A systematic review J Orofac Pain 201024(2)152ndash162 [PubMed]

30 Johnstone PA Peng YP May BC Inouye WS Niemtzow RC Acupuncture for pilocarpine-resistant xerostomia following radiotherapy for head and neck malignancies Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 200150(2)353ndash357 [PubMed]

31 Furness S Bryan G McMillan R Worthington HV Interventions for the management of dry mouth Non-pharmacological interventions Cochrane Database Syst Rev 20138CD009603 [PubMed]

32 Silva SA Acupuncture for the relief of pain of facial and dental origin Anesth Prog 198936(4ndash5)244ndash245 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

33 Chien TJ Liu CY Hsu CH Integrating acupuncture into cancer care J Tradit Complement Med 20133(4)234ndash239 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

34 Liang F Li Y Yu S et al A multicentral randomized control study on clinical acupuncture treatment of Bells palsy J Tradit Chin Med 200626(1)3ndash7 [PubMed]

35 Bensoussan A Systematic review of acupuncture in dental pain Focus Altern Complement Ther 1999415ndash16

36 Pomeranz B Scientific basis of acupuncture In Stux G editor Pomeranz B editor eds Acupuncture Textbook and Atlas Heidelberg Springer-Verlag 19871ndash18

37 Kavoussi B Ross BE The neuroimmune basis of anti-inflammatory acupuncture Integr Cancer Ther 20076(3)251ndash257 [PubMed]

Thanks to httpswwwncbinlmnihgovpmcarticlesPMC4270142

Naik PN Kiran RA Yalamanchal S Kumar VA Goli S Vashist N Acupuncture An Alternative Therapy in Dentistry and Its Possible Applications Medical Acupuncture 201426(6)308-314 doi101089acu20141028

Ann Ital Chir 1995 May-Jun66(3)373-8

[Treatment of trigeminal neuralgia with electroacupuncture Experience with 104

cases]Costantini D Tomasello C Buonopane CE Sances D Marandola M Delogu G

Istituto di Anestesiologia e Rianimazione Universitagrave degli Studi di Roma La

Sapienza

The essential or secondary trigeminal neuralgia is a very frequent and invalidant disease In this forms the medical or surgical conventional therapies are often inadequate In this study we evaluated the effects of the acupunctural therapy on 104 patients (mean age 523 +- 13 years) with idiopathic or secondary trigeminal neuralgia Utilizing cycles of twelve sessions the acupunctural treatment was performed with an electrostimulator on local points and a distance or on aching points in the secondary forms The results was evaluated on the basis of three parameters (reappearance of the symptomatology absence of pain in months and preceding treatments) and was defined using this scale very well well fair and null In conclusion we can say that acupuncture is an elective treatment in all kinds of secondary tregeminalneuralgia while in the idiopathic form its validity is conditioned by preceding medical treatments and by beginning of the disease

Braz Dent J 200718(2)158-62

Electro-acupuncture efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar

surgeryTavares MG Machado AP Motta BG Borsatto MC Rosa AL Xavier SP

Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology School of Dentistry

of Ribeiratildeo Preto University of Sao Paulo Ribeiratildeo Preto SP Brazil

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of electro-acupuncture (EAC) on postoperative pain control after mandibular third molar surgery Twenty four young patients (12 male and 12 female) with symmetrically impacted mandibular third molars were selected Each patient was submitted to two separate surgical procedures under local anesthesia At one side extraction was carried out employing both prior (24h) and immediately postoperative application of EAC while on the contralateral side surgery was carried out without any treatment EAC was applied on 6 bilateral systemic and 2 auricular points with a WQ10Dl appliance using 40-60Hz frequency for 20 min and individually adjusted intensity Postoperative pain intensity was rated on a 100 mm visual analog scale (VAS) between 2 and 72 h and recording the amount of analgesics intake after surgery Statistical analysis was performed using theWilcoxon test Postoperative pain VAS scores were significantly lower for the EAC group (plt005) and analgesic intake decreased (plt005) for all evaluated periods (plt005) Under the tested conditions EAC therapy is efficient was proved controlling postoperative pain following mandibular third molar surgical removal

J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2005 Apr33(2)118-22

Acupuncture analgesia and its application in cranio-maxillofacial surgical

procedures Pohodenko-Chudakova IODepartment of Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery Faculty of Stomatology

Belarussian State Medical University Minsk Belarus ip-cyandexru

PATIENTS AND METHODS Acupuncture analgesia was applied in 120 patients In 20 of these surgery was carried out under general anaesthesia in combination with acupuncture analgesia In 100 patients acupuncture analgesia was applied in addition to traditional postoperative analgesia In case of troublesome postoperative pain it was necessary to carry out additional sessions (1-4) of acupuncture stimulation

RESULTS When acupuncture analgesia was used the pulse rate and blood pressure during surgery generally remained stable In the present study serum cortisol was also measured and showed only minor elevation

CONCLUSION Acupuncture analgesia can be a useful adjunct to conventional anaesthesia in maxillofacial surgery

J Orofac Pain 2009 Fall23(4)353-9

Randomized clinical trial of acupuncture for myofascial pain of the jaw muscles Shen YF Younger J Goddard G Mackey S

Department of oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Center for Orofacial Pain University

of California San Francisco San Francisco CA 94143-0768 USA

METHODS Twenty-eight subjects over the age of 18 and diagnosed with chronic myofascial pain of the jaw muscles were randomized to receive real (n = 16) or sham (n = 12) acupuncture

RESULTS Subjects receiving real acupuncture experienced a significant reduction in jaw pain (P = 04) jawface tightness (P = 04) and neck pain (P = 04) and a significant increase in pain tolerance of the masseter muscle (P = 001) Subjects were not able to determine whether they received real or sham acupuncture (P = 69) No significant pain reductions were observed in the sham acupuncture group

CONCLUSION A single acupuncture session using one acupoint at Hegu large intestine 4 significantly reduced most myofascial pain endpoints when compared to sham acupuncture

MIND BODY ARTICLES

Read some other articles

How Mindfulness Meditation Can Help People With Rheumatoid

Arthritis (huffingtonpostcom)

How Meditation Changes Pain Relieves

Depression (psychologytodaycom)

How Meditation Might Relieve Pain (forbescom)

Neural correlates of pain reduction through

meditation (mindblogdericbowndsnet)

Pain Is No Matter for the Meditative Mind (brainbloggercom)

MIND-BODY Pain Relief Research

Reduced disability secondary to back pain improvements on global and physical health and improved pain levels compared to pre-intervention levels

Morone N Weiner D amp Greco C (2005) Randomized trial of mindfulness meditation in older adults for the treatment of chronic low back pain

- 34 of patients gtgt 33 decrease in pain- 12 of patients gtgt 50 decrease in pain - 44 of patients gtgt decreased analgesic use- 28 of patients gtgt discontinued analgesics

The Clinical Use of Mindfulness Meditation for the Self-Regulation of Chronic Pain Kabat-Zinn J Journal of Behavioral Medicine 1985

Many patients needed less pain medication After fifteen months not only did they suffer less pain but because they suffered less pain they also suffered less from depression and anxiety

WE Mehling KA Hamel M Acree N Byl and FM Hecht Randomized controlled trial of breath therapy for patients with chronic low-back pain Altern Ther Health Med 2005 JulndashAug 11(4)44ndash52

Chronic Pain

Acceptance-based interventions such as mindfulness-based stress reduction program and acceptance and commitment therapy are alternative approaches to cognitive behavioral therapy for treating patients wtih chronic pain In this systematic review and meta-analysis twenty-two studies were included totaling 1235 patients with chronic pain The results suggest that a mindfulness-based stress reduction program and acceptance and commitment therapy can be good alternatives to cognitive behavioral therapy More high-quality studies are needed Acceptance-based therapies have small to medium effects on physical and mental health in chronic pain patients comparable to those of cognitive behavioral therapy

Veehof MM Oskam MJ Schreurs KM Bohlmeijer ET Acceptance-based interventions for the treatment of chronic pain a systematic review and meta-analysis Pain 152(3)533-42 2011

Ten studies were included in this review Mindfulness-based interventions showed non-specific effects for the reduction of pain symptoms and the improvement of depressive symptoms in patients with chronic pain There were also some improvements in psychologic measures related to chronic pain including pain coping Further research in larger studies is warranted

Chiesa A Serretti A Mindfulness-based interventions for chronic pain a systematic review of the evidence Journal of Alternative amp Complementary Medicine 17(1) 83-93 2011

Page 23: ACUPUNCTURE AND FACIAL PAIN - Darcy Nat · (Bensoussan 1999, Rosted 1998, Ernst 1998). Controlled trials have shown that ear acupuncture is as effective as intranasal midazolam in

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry P Rosted BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL VOLUME 189

NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

StudiesStudies

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry P

Rosted BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL

VOLUME 189 NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

Acupuncture in 11 out of 15 studies proved effective in the

treatment of temperomandibular dysfunction (TMD) and as analgesia

The use of acupuncture in dentistry a review of the scientific validity of published paper

Oral Dis 1998 Jun4(2)100-4

(Bensoussan 1999 Rosted 1998 Ernst 1998) Controlled trials have shown that ear acupuncture is as effective as intranasal midazolam in reducing dental anxiety

(Karst 2007) and that acupuncture is more effective than placebo in the prevention of post-operative dental pain

(Lao 1999) and in reducing the gagging reflex

(Sari 2010) Evidence from case series suggests that acupuncture can reduce dental anxiety

(Rosted 2010) and the gagging reflex

(Rosted 2006) and that electroacupuncture can control post-operative pain after wisdom tooth extraction

(Tarares 2007) One controlled study found no effect on the pain threashold of dental pulp

(Goddard 2009)The systematic reviews are now more than 10 years old and up-to-date ones are called for to better evaluate the evidence

In general acupuncture is believed to stimulate the nervous system and cause the release of neurochemical messenger molecules The resulting biochemical changes influence the bodys homeostatic mechanisms thus promoting physical and emotional well-being Stimulation of certain acupuncture points has been shown to affect areas of the brain that are known to reduce sensitivity to pain and stress as well as promoting relaxation and deactivating the analytical brain which is responsible for anxiety (Wu 1999)

Acupuncture may help relieve dental pain by

stimulating nerves located in muscles and other tissues which leads to release of endorphins and other neurohumoral factors (eg neuropeptide Y serotonin) and changes the processing of pain in the brain and spinal cord (Pomeranz 1987 Han 2004 Zhao 2008 Zhou 2008 Lee 2009 Cheng 2009)

reducing the cardiovascular reflex elicited by toothache which is associated with the adrenergic system (Jung 2006)

increasing the release of adenosine which has antinociceptive properties (Goldman 2010)

modulating the limbic-paralimbic-neocortical network (Hui 2009)

reducing inflammation by promoting release of vascular and immunomodulatory factors (Kavoussi 2007 Zijlstra 2003)

increasing local microcirculation (Komori 2009) which aids dispersal of swelling

British Acupuncture Council

Systematic reviews

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry

Br Dent J 2000 Aug 12189(3)136-40

Rosted P

The use of acupuncture in dentistry a review of the scientific validity of published papers

Oral Dis 1998 Jun4(2)100-4

Rosted P

Temporomandibular Dysfunction

Practical recommendations for the use of acupuncture in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders based on the outcome of published controlled studies

Oral Dis 2001 Mar7(2)109-15

Rosted P

Effectiveness of acupuncture in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders of muscular origin a systematic review of the last decade

La Touche R Angulo-Diacuteaz-Parrentildeo S de-la-Hoz JL Fernaacutendez-CarneroJ Ge HY Linares MT Mesa J Saacutenchez-Gutieacuterrez J J AlternComplement Med 2010 Jan16(1)107-12

Bells Palsy

Physical therapy for Bellrsquos palsy (idiopathic facial paralysis)

Teixeira LJ Valbuza JS Prado GF Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011 Dec 7(12)CD006283

Department of Neurology West China Hospital Sichuan University Wai Nan Guo Xue Xiang 37 Chengdu Sichuan China 610041

Dental painThe effectiveness of acupuncture in treating acute dental pain a systematic reviewErnst E Pittler MH Br Dent J 1998 May 9184(9)443-7

Dry Mouth

Randomized controlled trial of acupuncture for prevention of radiation-induced xerostomia among patients with nasopharyngeal carcinomaMeng Z Garcia MK Hu C Chiang J Chambers M Rosenthal DI Peng H Zhang Y Zhao Q Zhao G Liu L Spelman A Palmer JL Wei Q Cohen LCancer 2012 Jul 1118(13)3337-44 doi 101002cncr26550 Epub 2011 Nov 9

Dental AnxietyAuricular acupuncture effectively reduces state anxiety before dental treatment ndash a randomised controlled trialMichalek-Sauberer A Gusenleitner E Gleiss A Tepper G Deusch EClin Oral Investig 2012 Jan 6 [Epub ahead of print]

Trigeminal NeuralgiaPractical application of meridian acupuncture treatment for trigeminal neuralgiaBeppu S Sato Y Amemiya Y Tode IAnesth Pain Control Dent 1992 Spring1(2)103-8

Post Operative Dental PainAcupuncture treatment of pain dysfunction syndrome after dental extractionRosted P Joslashrgensen VAcupunct Med 2002 Dec20(4)191-2

Thanks to httpbenzappincomacupuncture-in-dentistry

1 Rosted P Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry Br Dent J 2000189(3)136ndash140 [PubMed]

2 Stux G Pomeranz G Scientific Basis of Acupuncture Acupuncture Textbook and Atlas Heidelberg Springer Verlag 1987

3 Lao L Bergman S Langenberg P Wong RH Berman B Efficacy of Chinese acupuncture on postoperative oral surgery pain Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 199579(4)423ndash428[PubMed]

4 Rosted P The use of acupuncture in dentistry A systematic review Acupunct Med 199816(1)43ndash48

5 Wong LB Acupuncture in dentistry Its possible role and application Proc Singapore Healthcare 201221(1)432ndash448

6 Michalek-Sauberer A Heinzl H Sator-Katzenschlager SM Monov G Knolle E Kress HGPerioperative auricular electroacupuncture has no effect on pain and analgesic consumption after third molar tooth extraction Anesth Analg 2007104(3)542ndash547 [PubMed]

7 Ulett GA Han S Han JS Electroacupuncture Mechanisms and clinical application Biol Psychiatr 199844(2)129ndash138 [PubMed]

8 Fang J Jin Z Wang Y et al The salient characteristics of the central effects of acupuncture needling Limbicndashparalimbicndashneocortical network modulation Hum Brain Mapp 200930(4)1196ndash1206 [PubMed]

9 National Institutes of Health (NIH) NIH Consensus Conference Acupuncture JAMA 1998280(17)1518ndash1524 [PubMed]

10 Ernst E Pittler MH The effectiveness of acupuncture in treating acute dental pain A systematic review Br Dent J 1998184(9)443ndash447 [PubMed]

11 Goddard G Albers D Effects of acupuncture at Large Intestine 4 (LI 4) on electrical tooth pulp stimulation A randomized controlled pilot study Med Acupunct 200921(3)167ndash171

12 Chapman CR Chen AC Bonica JJ Effects of intrasegmental electrical acupuncture on dental pain Evaluation by threshold estimation and sensory decision Pain 19773(3)213ndash227 [PubMed]

13 Andersson S Lundeberg T Acupuncturemdashfrom empiricism to science Functional background to [sic] acupuncture effects in pain and disease Med Hypotheses 199545(3)271ndash281 [PubMed]

14 Rosted P Bundgaard M Can acupuncture reduce the induction time of a local anaestheticmdashA pilot study Acupunct Med 200321(3)92ndash99 [PubMed]

15 Simmons MS Oleson TD Auricular electrical stimulation and dental pain threshold Anesth Prog 199340(1)14ndash19 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

16 Tavares MG Machado AP Motta BG Borsatto MC Rosa AL Xavier SP Electro-acupuncture efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar surgery Braz Dent J 200718(2)158ndash162 [PubMed]

17 Lao L Bergman S Hamilton GR Langenberg P Berman B Evaluation of acupuncture for pain control after oral surgery A placebo-controlled trial Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1999125(5)567ndash572 [PubMed]

18 Ribeiro DC Dental Acupuncture A Technique Against Pain 1st ed Satildeo Paulo Iacutecone 2002

19 Kitade T Ohyabu H Analgesic effects of acupuncture on pain after mandibular wisdom tooth extraction Acupunct Electrother Res 200025(2)109ndash115 [PubMed]

20 Ekblom A Hansson P Thomsson M Thomas M Increased postoperative pain and consumption of analgesics following acupuncture Pain 199144(3)241ndash247 [PubMed]

21 Zijlstra FJ van den Berg-de Lange I Huygen FJ Klein J Anti-inflammatory actions of acupuncture Mediators Inflamm 200312(2)59ndash69 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

22 Karst M Winterhalter M Muumlnte S et al Auricular acupuncture for dental anxiety A randomized controlled trial Anesth Analg 2007104(2)295ndash300 [PubMed]

23 Rosted P Bundgaard M Gordon S Pedersen AM Acupuncture in the management of anxiety related to dental treatment A case series Acupunct Med 201028(1)3ndash5 [PubMed]

24 Sari E Sari T The role of acupuncture in the treatment of orthodontic patients with a gagging reflex A pilot study Br Dent J 2010208(10)E19 [PubMed]

25 Rosted P Bundgaard M Fiske J Pedersen AM The use of acupuncture in controlling the gag reflex in patients requiring an upper alginate impression An audit Br Dent J 2006201(11)721ndash725discussion715 [PubMed]

26 List T Acupuncture in the treatment of patients with craniomandibular disorders Comparative longitudinal and methodological studies Swed Dent J Suppl 1992871ndash159 [PubMed]

27 Park J White A Stevinson C Ernst E James M Validating a new non-penetrating sham acupuncture device Two randomised controlled trials Acupunct Med 200220(4)168ndash174 [PubMed]

28 Shen YF Younger J Goddard G Mackey S Randomized clinical trial of acupuncture for myofascial pain of the jaw muscles J OrofacPain 200923(4)353ndash359 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

29 Cho SH Whang WW Acupuncture for temporomandibular disorders A systematic review J Orofac Pain 201024(2)152ndash162 [PubMed]

30 Johnstone PA Peng YP May BC Inouye WS Niemtzow RC Acupuncture for pilocarpine-resistant xerostomia following radiotherapy for head and neck malignancies Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 200150(2)353ndash357 [PubMed]

31 Furness S Bryan G McMillan R Worthington HV Interventions for the management of dry mouth Non-pharmacological interventions Cochrane Database Syst Rev 20138CD009603 [PubMed]

32 Silva SA Acupuncture for the relief of pain of facial and dental origin Anesth Prog 198936(4ndash5)244ndash245 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

33 Chien TJ Liu CY Hsu CH Integrating acupuncture into cancer care J Tradit Complement Med 20133(4)234ndash239 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

34 Liang F Li Y Yu S et al A multicentral randomized control study on clinical acupuncture treatment of Bells palsy J Tradit Chin Med 200626(1)3ndash7 [PubMed]

35 Bensoussan A Systematic review of acupuncture in dental pain Focus Altern Complement Ther 1999415ndash16

36 Pomeranz B Scientific basis of acupuncture In Stux G editor Pomeranz B editor eds Acupuncture Textbook and Atlas Heidelberg Springer-Verlag 19871ndash18

37 Kavoussi B Ross BE The neuroimmune basis of anti-inflammatory acupuncture Integr Cancer Ther 20076(3)251ndash257 [PubMed]

Thanks to httpswwwncbinlmnihgovpmcarticlesPMC4270142

Naik PN Kiran RA Yalamanchal S Kumar VA Goli S Vashist N Acupuncture An Alternative Therapy in Dentistry and Its Possible Applications Medical Acupuncture 201426(6)308-314 doi101089acu20141028

Ann Ital Chir 1995 May-Jun66(3)373-8

[Treatment of trigeminal neuralgia with electroacupuncture Experience with 104

cases]Costantini D Tomasello C Buonopane CE Sances D Marandola M Delogu G

Istituto di Anestesiologia e Rianimazione Universitagrave degli Studi di Roma La

Sapienza

The essential or secondary trigeminal neuralgia is a very frequent and invalidant disease In this forms the medical or surgical conventional therapies are often inadequate In this study we evaluated the effects of the acupunctural therapy on 104 patients (mean age 523 +- 13 years) with idiopathic or secondary trigeminal neuralgia Utilizing cycles of twelve sessions the acupunctural treatment was performed with an electrostimulator on local points and a distance or on aching points in the secondary forms The results was evaluated on the basis of three parameters (reappearance of the symptomatology absence of pain in months and preceding treatments) and was defined using this scale very well well fair and null In conclusion we can say that acupuncture is an elective treatment in all kinds of secondary tregeminalneuralgia while in the idiopathic form its validity is conditioned by preceding medical treatments and by beginning of the disease

Braz Dent J 200718(2)158-62

Electro-acupuncture efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar

surgeryTavares MG Machado AP Motta BG Borsatto MC Rosa AL Xavier SP

Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology School of Dentistry

of Ribeiratildeo Preto University of Sao Paulo Ribeiratildeo Preto SP Brazil

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of electro-acupuncture (EAC) on postoperative pain control after mandibular third molar surgery Twenty four young patients (12 male and 12 female) with symmetrically impacted mandibular third molars were selected Each patient was submitted to two separate surgical procedures under local anesthesia At one side extraction was carried out employing both prior (24h) and immediately postoperative application of EAC while on the contralateral side surgery was carried out without any treatment EAC was applied on 6 bilateral systemic and 2 auricular points with a WQ10Dl appliance using 40-60Hz frequency for 20 min and individually adjusted intensity Postoperative pain intensity was rated on a 100 mm visual analog scale (VAS) between 2 and 72 h and recording the amount of analgesics intake after surgery Statistical analysis was performed using theWilcoxon test Postoperative pain VAS scores were significantly lower for the EAC group (plt005) and analgesic intake decreased (plt005) for all evaluated periods (plt005) Under the tested conditions EAC therapy is efficient was proved controlling postoperative pain following mandibular third molar surgical removal

J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2005 Apr33(2)118-22

Acupuncture analgesia and its application in cranio-maxillofacial surgical

procedures Pohodenko-Chudakova IODepartment of Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery Faculty of Stomatology

Belarussian State Medical University Minsk Belarus ip-cyandexru

PATIENTS AND METHODS Acupuncture analgesia was applied in 120 patients In 20 of these surgery was carried out under general anaesthesia in combination with acupuncture analgesia In 100 patients acupuncture analgesia was applied in addition to traditional postoperative analgesia In case of troublesome postoperative pain it was necessary to carry out additional sessions (1-4) of acupuncture stimulation

RESULTS When acupuncture analgesia was used the pulse rate and blood pressure during surgery generally remained stable In the present study serum cortisol was also measured and showed only minor elevation

CONCLUSION Acupuncture analgesia can be a useful adjunct to conventional anaesthesia in maxillofacial surgery

J Orofac Pain 2009 Fall23(4)353-9

Randomized clinical trial of acupuncture for myofascial pain of the jaw muscles Shen YF Younger J Goddard G Mackey S

Department of oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Center for Orofacial Pain University

of California San Francisco San Francisco CA 94143-0768 USA

METHODS Twenty-eight subjects over the age of 18 and diagnosed with chronic myofascial pain of the jaw muscles were randomized to receive real (n = 16) or sham (n = 12) acupuncture

RESULTS Subjects receiving real acupuncture experienced a significant reduction in jaw pain (P = 04) jawface tightness (P = 04) and neck pain (P = 04) and a significant increase in pain tolerance of the masseter muscle (P = 001) Subjects were not able to determine whether they received real or sham acupuncture (P = 69) No significant pain reductions were observed in the sham acupuncture group

CONCLUSION A single acupuncture session using one acupoint at Hegu large intestine 4 significantly reduced most myofascial pain endpoints when compared to sham acupuncture

MIND BODY ARTICLES

Read some other articles

How Mindfulness Meditation Can Help People With Rheumatoid

Arthritis (huffingtonpostcom)

How Meditation Changes Pain Relieves

Depression (psychologytodaycom)

How Meditation Might Relieve Pain (forbescom)

Neural correlates of pain reduction through

meditation (mindblogdericbowndsnet)

Pain Is No Matter for the Meditative Mind (brainbloggercom)

MIND-BODY Pain Relief Research

Reduced disability secondary to back pain improvements on global and physical health and improved pain levels compared to pre-intervention levels

Morone N Weiner D amp Greco C (2005) Randomized trial of mindfulness meditation in older adults for the treatment of chronic low back pain

- 34 of patients gtgt 33 decrease in pain- 12 of patients gtgt 50 decrease in pain - 44 of patients gtgt decreased analgesic use- 28 of patients gtgt discontinued analgesics

The Clinical Use of Mindfulness Meditation for the Self-Regulation of Chronic Pain Kabat-Zinn J Journal of Behavioral Medicine 1985

Many patients needed less pain medication After fifteen months not only did they suffer less pain but because they suffered less pain they also suffered less from depression and anxiety

WE Mehling KA Hamel M Acree N Byl and FM Hecht Randomized controlled trial of breath therapy for patients with chronic low-back pain Altern Ther Health Med 2005 JulndashAug 11(4)44ndash52

Chronic Pain

Acceptance-based interventions such as mindfulness-based stress reduction program and acceptance and commitment therapy are alternative approaches to cognitive behavioral therapy for treating patients wtih chronic pain In this systematic review and meta-analysis twenty-two studies were included totaling 1235 patients with chronic pain The results suggest that a mindfulness-based stress reduction program and acceptance and commitment therapy can be good alternatives to cognitive behavioral therapy More high-quality studies are needed Acceptance-based therapies have small to medium effects on physical and mental health in chronic pain patients comparable to those of cognitive behavioral therapy

Veehof MM Oskam MJ Schreurs KM Bohlmeijer ET Acceptance-based interventions for the treatment of chronic pain a systematic review and meta-analysis Pain 152(3)533-42 2011

Ten studies were included in this review Mindfulness-based interventions showed non-specific effects for the reduction of pain symptoms and the improvement of depressive symptoms in patients with chronic pain There were also some improvements in psychologic measures related to chronic pain including pain coping Further research in larger studies is warranted

Chiesa A Serretti A Mindfulness-based interventions for chronic pain a systematic review of the evidence Journal of Alternative amp Complementary Medicine 17(1) 83-93 2011

Page 24: ACUPUNCTURE AND FACIAL PAIN - Darcy Nat · (Bensoussan 1999, Rosted 1998, Ernst 1998). Controlled trials have shown that ear acupuncture is as effective as intranasal midazolam in

StudiesStudies

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry P

Rosted BRITISH DENTAL JOURNAL

VOLUME 189 NO 3 AUGUST 12 2000

Acupuncture in 11 out of 15 studies proved effective in the

treatment of temperomandibular dysfunction (TMD) and as analgesia

The use of acupuncture in dentistry a review of the scientific validity of published paper

Oral Dis 1998 Jun4(2)100-4

(Bensoussan 1999 Rosted 1998 Ernst 1998) Controlled trials have shown that ear acupuncture is as effective as intranasal midazolam in reducing dental anxiety

(Karst 2007) and that acupuncture is more effective than placebo in the prevention of post-operative dental pain

(Lao 1999) and in reducing the gagging reflex

(Sari 2010) Evidence from case series suggests that acupuncture can reduce dental anxiety

(Rosted 2010) and the gagging reflex

(Rosted 2006) and that electroacupuncture can control post-operative pain after wisdom tooth extraction

(Tarares 2007) One controlled study found no effect on the pain threashold of dental pulp

(Goddard 2009)The systematic reviews are now more than 10 years old and up-to-date ones are called for to better evaluate the evidence

In general acupuncture is believed to stimulate the nervous system and cause the release of neurochemical messenger molecules The resulting biochemical changes influence the bodys homeostatic mechanisms thus promoting physical and emotional well-being Stimulation of certain acupuncture points has been shown to affect areas of the brain that are known to reduce sensitivity to pain and stress as well as promoting relaxation and deactivating the analytical brain which is responsible for anxiety (Wu 1999)

Acupuncture may help relieve dental pain by

stimulating nerves located in muscles and other tissues which leads to release of endorphins and other neurohumoral factors (eg neuropeptide Y serotonin) and changes the processing of pain in the brain and spinal cord (Pomeranz 1987 Han 2004 Zhao 2008 Zhou 2008 Lee 2009 Cheng 2009)

reducing the cardiovascular reflex elicited by toothache which is associated with the adrenergic system (Jung 2006)

increasing the release of adenosine which has antinociceptive properties (Goldman 2010)

modulating the limbic-paralimbic-neocortical network (Hui 2009)

reducing inflammation by promoting release of vascular and immunomodulatory factors (Kavoussi 2007 Zijlstra 2003)

increasing local microcirculation (Komori 2009) which aids dispersal of swelling

British Acupuncture Council

Systematic reviews

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry

Br Dent J 2000 Aug 12189(3)136-40

Rosted P

The use of acupuncture in dentistry a review of the scientific validity of published papers

Oral Dis 1998 Jun4(2)100-4

Rosted P

Temporomandibular Dysfunction

Practical recommendations for the use of acupuncture in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders based on the outcome of published controlled studies

Oral Dis 2001 Mar7(2)109-15

Rosted P

Effectiveness of acupuncture in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders of muscular origin a systematic review of the last decade

La Touche R Angulo-Diacuteaz-Parrentildeo S de-la-Hoz JL Fernaacutendez-CarneroJ Ge HY Linares MT Mesa J Saacutenchez-Gutieacuterrez J J AlternComplement Med 2010 Jan16(1)107-12

Bells Palsy

Physical therapy for Bellrsquos palsy (idiopathic facial paralysis)

Teixeira LJ Valbuza JS Prado GF Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011 Dec 7(12)CD006283

Department of Neurology West China Hospital Sichuan University Wai Nan Guo Xue Xiang 37 Chengdu Sichuan China 610041

Dental painThe effectiveness of acupuncture in treating acute dental pain a systematic reviewErnst E Pittler MH Br Dent J 1998 May 9184(9)443-7

Dry Mouth

Randomized controlled trial of acupuncture for prevention of radiation-induced xerostomia among patients with nasopharyngeal carcinomaMeng Z Garcia MK Hu C Chiang J Chambers M Rosenthal DI Peng H Zhang Y Zhao Q Zhao G Liu L Spelman A Palmer JL Wei Q Cohen LCancer 2012 Jul 1118(13)3337-44 doi 101002cncr26550 Epub 2011 Nov 9

Dental AnxietyAuricular acupuncture effectively reduces state anxiety before dental treatment ndash a randomised controlled trialMichalek-Sauberer A Gusenleitner E Gleiss A Tepper G Deusch EClin Oral Investig 2012 Jan 6 [Epub ahead of print]

Trigeminal NeuralgiaPractical application of meridian acupuncture treatment for trigeminal neuralgiaBeppu S Sato Y Amemiya Y Tode IAnesth Pain Control Dent 1992 Spring1(2)103-8

Post Operative Dental PainAcupuncture treatment of pain dysfunction syndrome after dental extractionRosted P Joslashrgensen VAcupunct Med 2002 Dec20(4)191-2

Thanks to httpbenzappincomacupuncture-in-dentistry

1 Rosted P Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry Br Dent J 2000189(3)136ndash140 [PubMed]

2 Stux G Pomeranz G Scientific Basis of Acupuncture Acupuncture Textbook and Atlas Heidelberg Springer Verlag 1987

3 Lao L Bergman S Langenberg P Wong RH Berman B Efficacy of Chinese acupuncture on postoperative oral surgery pain Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 199579(4)423ndash428[PubMed]

4 Rosted P The use of acupuncture in dentistry A systematic review Acupunct Med 199816(1)43ndash48

5 Wong LB Acupuncture in dentistry Its possible role and application Proc Singapore Healthcare 201221(1)432ndash448

6 Michalek-Sauberer A Heinzl H Sator-Katzenschlager SM Monov G Knolle E Kress HGPerioperative auricular electroacupuncture has no effect on pain and analgesic consumption after third molar tooth extraction Anesth Analg 2007104(3)542ndash547 [PubMed]

7 Ulett GA Han S Han JS Electroacupuncture Mechanisms and clinical application Biol Psychiatr 199844(2)129ndash138 [PubMed]

8 Fang J Jin Z Wang Y et al The salient characteristics of the central effects of acupuncture needling Limbicndashparalimbicndashneocortical network modulation Hum Brain Mapp 200930(4)1196ndash1206 [PubMed]

9 National Institutes of Health (NIH) NIH Consensus Conference Acupuncture JAMA 1998280(17)1518ndash1524 [PubMed]

10 Ernst E Pittler MH The effectiveness of acupuncture in treating acute dental pain A systematic review Br Dent J 1998184(9)443ndash447 [PubMed]

11 Goddard G Albers D Effects of acupuncture at Large Intestine 4 (LI 4) on electrical tooth pulp stimulation A randomized controlled pilot study Med Acupunct 200921(3)167ndash171

12 Chapman CR Chen AC Bonica JJ Effects of intrasegmental electrical acupuncture on dental pain Evaluation by threshold estimation and sensory decision Pain 19773(3)213ndash227 [PubMed]

13 Andersson S Lundeberg T Acupuncturemdashfrom empiricism to science Functional background to [sic] acupuncture effects in pain and disease Med Hypotheses 199545(3)271ndash281 [PubMed]

14 Rosted P Bundgaard M Can acupuncture reduce the induction time of a local anaestheticmdashA pilot study Acupunct Med 200321(3)92ndash99 [PubMed]

15 Simmons MS Oleson TD Auricular electrical stimulation and dental pain threshold Anesth Prog 199340(1)14ndash19 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

16 Tavares MG Machado AP Motta BG Borsatto MC Rosa AL Xavier SP Electro-acupuncture efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar surgery Braz Dent J 200718(2)158ndash162 [PubMed]

17 Lao L Bergman S Hamilton GR Langenberg P Berman B Evaluation of acupuncture for pain control after oral surgery A placebo-controlled trial Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1999125(5)567ndash572 [PubMed]

18 Ribeiro DC Dental Acupuncture A Technique Against Pain 1st ed Satildeo Paulo Iacutecone 2002

19 Kitade T Ohyabu H Analgesic effects of acupuncture on pain after mandibular wisdom tooth extraction Acupunct Electrother Res 200025(2)109ndash115 [PubMed]

20 Ekblom A Hansson P Thomsson M Thomas M Increased postoperative pain and consumption of analgesics following acupuncture Pain 199144(3)241ndash247 [PubMed]

21 Zijlstra FJ van den Berg-de Lange I Huygen FJ Klein J Anti-inflammatory actions of acupuncture Mediators Inflamm 200312(2)59ndash69 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

22 Karst M Winterhalter M Muumlnte S et al Auricular acupuncture for dental anxiety A randomized controlled trial Anesth Analg 2007104(2)295ndash300 [PubMed]

23 Rosted P Bundgaard M Gordon S Pedersen AM Acupuncture in the management of anxiety related to dental treatment A case series Acupunct Med 201028(1)3ndash5 [PubMed]

24 Sari E Sari T The role of acupuncture in the treatment of orthodontic patients with a gagging reflex A pilot study Br Dent J 2010208(10)E19 [PubMed]

25 Rosted P Bundgaard M Fiske J Pedersen AM The use of acupuncture in controlling the gag reflex in patients requiring an upper alginate impression An audit Br Dent J 2006201(11)721ndash725discussion715 [PubMed]

26 List T Acupuncture in the treatment of patients with craniomandibular disorders Comparative longitudinal and methodological studies Swed Dent J Suppl 1992871ndash159 [PubMed]

27 Park J White A Stevinson C Ernst E James M Validating a new non-penetrating sham acupuncture device Two randomised controlled trials Acupunct Med 200220(4)168ndash174 [PubMed]

28 Shen YF Younger J Goddard G Mackey S Randomized clinical trial of acupuncture for myofascial pain of the jaw muscles J OrofacPain 200923(4)353ndash359 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

29 Cho SH Whang WW Acupuncture for temporomandibular disorders A systematic review J Orofac Pain 201024(2)152ndash162 [PubMed]

30 Johnstone PA Peng YP May BC Inouye WS Niemtzow RC Acupuncture for pilocarpine-resistant xerostomia following radiotherapy for head and neck malignancies Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 200150(2)353ndash357 [PubMed]

31 Furness S Bryan G McMillan R Worthington HV Interventions for the management of dry mouth Non-pharmacological interventions Cochrane Database Syst Rev 20138CD009603 [PubMed]

32 Silva SA Acupuncture for the relief of pain of facial and dental origin Anesth Prog 198936(4ndash5)244ndash245 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

33 Chien TJ Liu CY Hsu CH Integrating acupuncture into cancer care J Tradit Complement Med 20133(4)234ndash239 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

34 Liang F Li Y Yu S et al A multicentral randomized control study on clinical acupuncture treatment of Bells palsy J Tradit Chin Med 200626(1)3ndash7 [PubMed]

35 Bensoussan A Systematic review of acupuncture in dental pain Focus Altern Complement Ther 1999415ndash16

36 Pomeranz B Scientific basis of acupuncture In Stux G editor Pomeranz B editor eds Acupuncture Textbook and Atlas Heidelberg Springer-Verlag 19871ndash18

37 Kavoussi B Ross BE The neuroimmune basis of anti-inflammatory acupuncture Integr Cancer Ther 20076(3)251ndash257 [PubMed]

Thanks to httpswwwncbinlmnihgovpmcarticlesPMC4270142

Naik PN Kiran RA Yalamanchal S Kumar VA Goli S Vashist N Acupuncture An Alternative Therapy in Dentistry and Its Possible Applications Medical Acupuncture 201426(6)308-314 doi101089acu20141028

Ann Ital Chir 1995 May-Jun66(3)373-8

[Treatment of trigeminal neuralgia with electroacupuncture Experience with 104

cases]Costantini D Tomasello C Buonopane CE Sances D Marandola M Delogu G

Istituto di Anestesiologia e Rianimazione Universitagrave degli Studi di Roma La

Sapienza

The essential or secondary trigeminal neuralgia is a very frequent and invalidant disease In this forms the medical or surgical conventional therapies are often inadequate In this study we evaluated the effects of the acupunctural therapy on 104 patients (mean age 523 +- 13 years) with idiopathic or secondary trigeminal neuralgia Utilizing cycles of twelve sessions the acupunctural treatment was performed with an electrostimulator on local points and a distance or on aching points in the secondary forms The results was evaluated on the basis of three parameters (reappearance of the symptomatology absence of pain in months and preceding treatments) and was defined using this scale very well well fair and null In conclusion we can say that acupuncture is an elective treatment in all kinds of secondary tregeminalneuralgia while in the idiopathic form its validity is conditioned by preceding medical treatments and by beginning of the disease

Braz Dent J 200718(2)158-62

Electro-acupuncture efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar

surgeryTavares MG Machado AP Motta BG Borsatto MC Rosa AL Xavier SP

Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology School of Dentistry

of Ribeiratildeo Preto University of Sao Paulo Ribeiratildeo Preto SP Brazil

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of electro-acupuncture (EAC) on postoperative pain control after mandibular third molar surgery Twenty four young patients (12 male and 12 female) with symmetrically impacted mandibular third molars were selected Each patient was submitted to two separate surgical procedures under local anesthesia At one side extraction was carried out employing both prior (24h) and immediately postoperative application of EAC while on the contralateral side surgery was carried out without any treatment EAC was applied on 6 bilateral systemic and 2 auricular points with a WQ10Dl appliance using 40-60Hz frequency for 20 min and individually adjusted intensity Postoperative pain intensity was rated on a 100 mm visual analog scale (VAS) between 2 and 72 h and recording the amount of analgesics intake after surgery Statistical analysis was performed using theWilcoxon test Postoperative pain VAS scores were significantly lower for the EAC group (plt005) and analgesic intake decreased (plt005) for all evaluated periods (plt005) Under the tested conditions EAC therapy is efficient was proved controlling postoperative pain following mandibular third molar surgical removal

J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2005 Apr33(2)118-22

Acupuncture analgesia and its application in cranio-maxillofacial surgical

procedures Pohodenko-Chudakova IODepartment of Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery Faculty of Stomatology

Belarussian State Medical University Minsk Belarus ip-cyandexru

PATIENTS AND METHODS Acupuncture analgesia was applied in 120 patients In 20 of these surgery was carried out under general anaesthesia in combination with acupuncture analgesia In 100 patients acupuncture analgesia was applied in addition to traditional postoperative analgesia In case of troublesome postoperative pain it was necessary to carry out additional sessions (1-4) of acupuncture stimulation

RESULTS When acupuncture analgesia was used the pulse rate and blood pressure during surgery generally remained stable In the present study serum cortisol was also measured and showed only minor elevation

CONCLUSION Acupuncture analgesia can be a useful adjunct to conventional anaesthesia in maxillofacial surgery

J Orofac Pain 2009 Fall23(4)353-9

Randomized clinical trial of acupuncture for myofascial pain of the jaw muscles Shen YF Younger J Goddard G Mackey S

Department of oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Center for Orofacial Pain University

of California San Francisco San Francisco CA 94143-0768 USA

METHODS Twenty-eight subjects over the age of 18 and diagnosed with chronic myofascial pain of the jaw muscles were randomized to receive real (n = 16) or sham (n = 12) acupuncture

RESULTS Subjects receiving real acupuncture experienced a significant reduction in jaw pain (P = 04) jawface tightness (P = 04) and neck pain (P = 04) and a significant increase in pain tolerance of the masseter muscle (P = 001) Subjects were not able to determine whether they received real or sham acupuncture (P = 69) No significant pain reductions were observed in the sham acupuncture group

CONCLUSION A single acupuncture session using one acupoint at Hegu large intestine 4 significantly reduced most myofascial pain endpoints when compared to sham acupuncture

MIND BODY ARTICLES

Read some other articles

How Mindfulness Meditation Can Help People With Rheumatoid

Arthritis (huffingtonpostcom)

How Meditation Changes Pain Relieves

Depression (psychologytodaycom)

How Meditation Might Relieve Pain (forbescom)

Neural correlates of pain reduction through

meditation (mindblogdericbowndsnet)

Pain Is No Matter for the Meditative Mind (brainbloggercom)

MIND-BODY Pain Relief Research

Reduced disability secondary to back pain improvements on global and physical health and improved pain levels compared to pre-intervention levels

Morone N Weiner D amp Greco C (2005) Randomized trial of mindfulness meditation in older adults for the treatment of chronic low back pain

- 34 of patients gtgt 33 decrease in pain- 12 of patients gtgt 50 decrease in pain - 44 of patients gtgt decreased analgesic use- 28 of patients gtgt discontinued analgesics

The Clinical Use of Mindfulness Meditation for the Self-Regulation of Chronic Pain Kabat-Zinn J Journal of Behavioral Medicine 1985

Many patients needed less pain medication After fifteen months not only did they suffer less pain but because they suffered less pain they also suffered less from depression and anxiety

WE Mehling KA Hamel M Acree N Byl and FM Hecht Randomized controlled trial of breath therapy for patients with chronic low-back pain Altern Ther Health Med 2005 JulndashAug 11(4)44ndash52

Chronic Pain

Acceptance-based interventions such as mindfulness-based stress reduction program and acceptance and commitment therapy are alternative approaches to cognitive behavioral therapy for treating patients wtih chronic pain In this systematic review and meta-analysis twenty-two studies were included totaling 1235 patients with chronic pain The results suggest that a mindfulness-based stress reduction program and acceptance and commitment therapy can be good alternatives to cognitive behavioral therapy More high-quality studies are needed Acceptance-based therapies have small to medium effects on physical and mental health in chronic pain patients comparable to those of cognitive behavioral therapy

Veehof MM Oskam MJ Schreurs KM Bohlmeijer ET Acceptance-based interventions for the treatment of chronic pain a systematic review and meta-analysis Pain 152(3)533-42 2011

Ten studies were included in this review Mindfulness-based interventions showed non-specific effects for the reduction of pain symptoms and the improvement of depressive symptoms in patients with chronic pain There were also some improvements in psychologic measures related to chronic pain including pain coping Further research in larger studies is warranted

Chiesa A Serretti A Mindfulness-based interventions for chronic pain a systematic review of the evidence Journal of Alternative amp Complementary Medicine 17(1) 83-93 2011

Page 25: ACUPUNCTURE AND FACIAL PAIN - Darcy Nat · (Bensoussan 1999, Rosted 1998, Ernst 1998). Controlled trials have shown that ear acupuncture is as effective as intranasal midazolam in

Acupuncture in 11 out of 15 studies proved effective in the

treatment of temperomandibular dysfunction (TMD) and as analgesia

The use of acupuncture in dentistry a review of the scientific validity of published paper

Oral Dis 1998 Jun4(2)100-4

(Bensoussan 1999 Rosted 1998 Ernst 1998) Controlled trials have shown that ear acupuncture is as effective as intranasal midazolam in reducing dental anxiety

(Karst 2007) and that acupuncture is more effective than placebo in the prevention of post-operative dental pain

(Lao 1999) and in reducing the gagging reflex

(Sari 2010) Evidence from case series suggests that acupuncture can reduce dental anxiety

(Rosted 2010) and the gagging reflex

(Rosted 2006) and that electroacupuncture can control post-operative pain after wisdom tooth extraction

(Tarares 2007) One controlled study found no effect on the pain threashold of dental pulp

(Goddard 2009)The systematic reviews are now more than 10 years old and up-to-date ones are called for to better evaluate the evidence

In general acupuncture is believed to stimulate the nervous system and cause the release of neurochemical messenger molecules The resulting biochemical changes influence the bodys homeostatic mechanisms thus promoting physical and emotional well-being Stimulation of certain acupuncture points has been shown to affect areas of the brain that are known to reduce sensitivity to pain and stress as well as promoting relaxation and deactivating the analytical brain which is responsible for anxiety (Wu 1999)

Acupuncture may help relieve dental pain by

stimulating nerves located in muscles and other tissues which leads to release of endorphins and other neurohumoral factors (eg neuropeptide Y serotonin) and changes the processing of pain in the brain and spinal cord (Pomeranz 1987 Han 2004 Zhao 2008 Zhou 2008 Lee 2009 Cheng 2009)

reducing the cardiovascular reflex elicited by toothache which is associated with the adrenergic system (Jung 2006)

increasing the release of adenosine which has antinociceptive properties (Goldman 2010)

modulating the limbic-paralimbic-neocortical network (Hui 2009)

reducing inflammation by promoting release of vascular and immunomodulatory factors (Kavoussi 2007 Zijlstra 2003)

increasing local microcirculation (Komori 2009) which aids dispersal of swelling

British Acupuncture Council

Systematic reviews

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry

Br Dent J 2000 Aug 12189(3)136-40

Rosted P

The use of acupuncture in dentistry a review of the scientific validity of published papers

Oral Dis 1998 Jun4(2)100-4

Rosted P

Temporomandibular Dysfunction

Practical recommendations for the use of acupuncture in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders based on the outcome of published controlled studies

Oral Dis 2001 Mar7(2)109-15

Rosted P

Effectiveness of acupuncture in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders of muscular origin a systematic review of the last decade

La Touche R Angulo-Diacuteaz-Parrentildeo S de-la-Hoz JL Fernaacutendez-CarneroJ Ge HY Linares MT Mesa J Saacutenchez-Gutieacuterrez J J AlternComplement Med 2010 Jan16(1)107-12

Bells Palsy

Physical therapy for Bellrsquos palsy (idiopathic facial paralysis)

Teixeira LJ Valbuza JS Prado GF Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011 Dec 7(12)CD006283

Department of Neurology West China Hospital Sichuan University Wai Nan Guo Xue Xiang 37 Chengdu Sichuan China 610041

Dental painThe effectiveness of acupuncture in treating acute dental pain a systematic reviewErnst E Pittler MH Br Dent J 1998 May 9184(9)443-7

Dry Mouth

Randomized controlled trial of acupuncture for prevention of radiation-induced xerostomia among patients with nasopharyngeal carcinomaMeng Z Garcia MK Hu C Chiang J Chambers M Rosenthal DI Peng H Zhang Y Zhao Q Zhao G Liu L Spelman A Palmer JL Wei Q Cohen LCancer 2012 Jul 1118(13)3337-44 doi 101002cncr26550 Epub 2011 Nov 9

Dental AnxietyAuricular acupuncture effectively reduces state anxiety before dental treatment ndash a randomised controlled trialMichalek-Sauberer A Gusenleitner E Gleiss A Tepper G Deusch EClin Oral Investig 2012 Jan 6 [Epub ahead of print]

Trigeminal NeuralgiaPractical application of meridian acupuncture treatment for trigeminal neuralgiaBeppu S Sato Y Amemiya Y Tode IAnesth Pain Control Dent 1992 Spring1(2)103-8

Post Operative Dental PainAcupuncture treatment of pain dysfunction syndrome after dental extractionRosted P Joslashrgensen VAcupunct Med 2002 Dec20(4)191-2

Thanks to httpbenzappincomacupuncture-in-dentistry

1 Rosted P Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry Br Dent J 2000189(3)136ndash140 [PubMed]

2 Stux G Pomeranz G Scientific Basis of Acupuncture Acupuncture Textbook and Atlas Heidelberg Springer Verlag 1987

3 Lao L Bergman S Langenberg P Wong RH Berman B Efficacy of Chinese acupuncture on postoperative oral surgery pain Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 199579(4)423ndash428[PubMed]

4 Rosted P The use of acupuncture in dentistry A systematic review Acupunct Med 199816(1)43ndash48

5 Wong LB Acupuncture in dentistry Its possible role and application Proc Singapore Healthcare 201221(1)432ndash448

6 Michalek-Sauberer A Heinzl H Sator-Katzenschlager SM Monov G Knolle E Kress HGPerioperative auricular electroacupuncture has no effect on pain and analgesic consumption after third molar tooth extraction Anesth Analg 2007104(3)542ndash547 [PubMed]

7 Ulett GA Han S Han JS Electroacupuncture Mechanisms and clinical application Biol Psychiatr 199844(2)129ndash138 [PubMed]

8 Fang J Jin Z Wang Y et al The salient characteristics of the central effects of acupuncture needling Limbicndashparalimbicndashneocortical network modulation Hum Brain Mapp 200930(4)1196ndash1206 [PubMed]

9 National Institutes of Health (NIH) NIH Consensus Conference Acupuncture JAMA 1998280(17)1518ndash1524 [PubMed]

10 Ernst E Pittler MH The effectiveness of acupuncture in treating acute dental pain A systematic review Br Dent J 1998184(9)443ndash447 [PubMed]

11 Goddard G Albers D Effects of acupuncture at Large Intestine 4 (LI 4) on electrical tooth pulp stimulation A randomized controlled pilot study Med Acupunct 200921(3)167ndash171

12 Chapman CR Chen AC Bonica JJ Effects of intrasegmental electrical acupuncture on dental pain Evaluation by threshold estimation and sensory decision Pain 19773(3)213ndash227 [PubMed]

13 Andersson S Lundeberg T Acupuncturemdashfrom empiricism to science Functional background to [sic] acupuncture effects in pain and disease Med Hypotheses 199545(3)271ndash281 [PubMed]

14 Rosted P Bundgaard M Can acupuncture reduce the induction time of a local anaestheticmdashA pilot study Acupunct Med 200321(3)92ndash99 [PubMed]

15 Simmons MS Oleson TD Auricular electrical stimulation and dental pain threshold Anesth Prog 199340(1)14ndash19 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

16 Tavares MG Machado AP Motta BG Borsatto MC Rosa AL Xavier SP Electro-acupuncture efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar surgery Braz Dent J 200718(2)158ndash162 [PubMed]

17 Lao L Bergman S Hamilton GR Langenberg P Berman B Evaluation of acupuncture for pain control after oral surgery A placebo-controlled trial Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1999125(5)567ndash572 [PubMed]

18 Ribeiro DC Dental Acupuncture A Technique Against Pain 1st ed Satildeo Paulo Iacutecone 2002

19 Kitade T Ohyabu H Analgesic effects of acupuncture on pain after mandibular wisdom tooth extraction Acupunct Electrother Res 200025(2)109ndash115 [PubMed]

20 Ekblom A Hansson P Thomsson M Thomas M Increased postoperative pain and consumption of analgesics following acupuncture Pain 199144(3)241ndash247 [PubMed]

21 Zijlstra FJ van den Berg-de Lange I Huygen FJ Klein J Anti-inflammatory actions of acupuncture Mediators Inflamm 200312(2)59ndash69 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

22 Karst M Winterhalter M Muumlnte S et al Auricular acupuncture for dental anxiety A randomized controlled trial Anesth Analg 2007104(2)295ndash300 [PubMed]

23 Rosted P Bundgaard M Gordon S Pedersen AM Acupuncture in the management of anxiety related to dental treatment A case series Acupunct Med 201028(1)3ndash5 [PubMed]

24 Sari E Sari T The role of acupuncture in the treatment of orthodontic patients with a gagging reflex A pilot study Br Dent J 2010208(10)E19 [PubMed]

25 Rosted P Bundgaard M Fiske J Pedersen AM The use of acupuncture in controlling the gag reflex in patients requiring an upper alginate impression An audit Br Dent J 2006201(11)721ndash725discussion715 [PubMed]

26 List T Acupuncture in the treatment of patients with craniomandibular disorders Comparative longitudinal and methodological studies Swed Dent J Suppl 1992871ndash159 [PubMed]

27 Park J White A Stevinson C Ernst E James M Validating a new non-penetrating sham acupuncture device Two randomised controlled trials Acupunct Med 200220(4)168ndash174 [PubMed]

28 Shen YF Younger J Goddard G Mackey S Randomized clinical trial of acupuncture for myofascial pain of the jaw muscles J OrofacPain 200923(4)353ndash359 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

29 Cho SH Whang WW Acupuncture for temporomandibular disorders A systematic review J Orofac Pain 201024(2)152ndash162 [PubMed]

30 Johnstone PA Peng YP May BC Inouye WS Niemtzow RC Acupuncture for pilocarpine-resistant xerostomia following radiotherapy for head and neck malignancies Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 200150(2)353ndash357 [PubMed]

31 Furness S Bryan G McMillan R Worthington HV Interventions for the management of dry mouth Non-pharmacological interventions Cochrane Database Syst Rev 20138CD009603 [PubMed]

32 Silva SA Acupuncture for the relief of pain of facial and dental origin Anesth Prog 198936(4ndash5)244ndash245 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

33 Chien TJ Liu CY Hsu CH Integrating acupuncture into cancer care J Tradit Complement Med 20133(4)234ndash239 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

34 Liang F Li Y Yu S et al A multicentral randomized control study on clinical acupuncture treatment of Bells palsy J Tradit Chin Med 200626(1)3ndash7 [PubMed]

35 Bensoussan A Systematic review of acupuncture in dental pain Focus Altern Complement Ther 1999415ndash16

36 Pomeranz B Scientific basis of acupuncture In Stux G editor Pomeranz B editor eds Acupuncture Textbook and Atlas Heidelberg Springer-Verlag 19871ndash18

37 Kavoussi B Ross BE The neuroimmune basis of anti-inflammatory acupuncture Integr Cancer Ther 20076(3)251ndash257 [PubMed]

Thanks to httpswwwncbinlmnihgovpmcarticlesPMC4270142

Naik PN Kiran RA Yalamanchal S Kumar VA Goli S Vashist N Acupuncture An Alternative Therapy in Dentistry and Its Possible Applications Medical Acupuncture 201426(6)308-314 doi101089acu20141028

Ann Ital Chir 1995 May-Jun66(3)373-8

[Treatment of trigeminal neuralgia with electroacupuncture Experience with 104

cases]Costantini D Tomasello C Buonopane CE Sances D Marandola M Delogu G

Istituto di Anestesiologia e Rianimazione Universitagrave degli Studi di Roma La

Sapienza

The essential or secondary trigeminal neuralgia is a very frequent and invalidant disease In this forms the medical or surgical conventional therapies are often inadequate In this study we evaluated the effects of the acupunctural therapy on 104 patients (mean age 523 +- 13 years) with idiopathic or secondary trigeminal neuralgia Utilizing cycles of twelve sessions the acupunctural treatment was performed with an electrostimulator on local points and a distance or on aching points in the secondary forms The results was evaluated on the basis of three parameters (reappearance of the symptomatology absence of pain in months and preceding treatments) and was defined using this scale very well well fair and null In conclusion we can say that acupuncture is an elective treatment in all kinds of secondary tregeminalneuralgia while in the idiopathic form its validity is conditioned by preceding medical treatments and by beginning of the disease

Braz Dent J 200718(2)158-62

Electro-acupuncture efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar

surgeryTavares MG Machado AP Motta BG Borsatto MC Rosa AL Xavier SP

Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology School of Dentistry

of Ribeiratildeo Preto University of Sao Paulo Ribeiratildeo Preto SP Brazil

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of electro-acupuncture (EAC) on postoperative pain control after mandibular third molar surgery Twenty four young patients (12 male and 12 female) with symmetrically impacted mandibular third molars were selected Each patient was submitted to two separate surgical procedures under local anesthesia At one side extraction was carried out employing both prior (24h) and immediately postoperative application of EAC while on the contralateral side surgery was carried out without any treatment EAC was applied on 6 bilateral systemic and 2 auricular points with a WQ10Dl appliance using 40-60Hz frequency for 20 min and individually adjusted intensity Postoperative pain intensity was rated on a 100 mm visual analog scale (VAS) between 2 and 72 h and recording the amount of analgesics intake after surgery Statistical analysis was performed using theWilcoxon test Postoperative pain VAS scores were significantly lower for the EAC group (plt005) and analgesic intake decreased (plt005) for all evaluated periods (plt005) Under the tested conditions EAC therapy is efficient was proved controlling postoperative pain following mandibular third molar surgical removal

J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2005 Apr33(2)118-22

Acupuncture analgesia and its application in cranio-maxillofacial surgical

procedures Pohodenko-Chudakova IODepartment of Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery Faculty of Stomatology

Belarussian State Medical University Minsk Belarus ip-cyandexru

PATIENTS AND METHODS Acupuncture analgesia was applied in 120 patients In 20 of these surgery was carried out under general anaesthesia in combination with acupuncture analgesia In 100 patients acupuncture analgesia was applied in addition to traditional postoperative analgesia In case of troublesome postoperative pain it was necessary to carry out additional sessions (1-4) of acupuncture stimulation

RESULTS When acupuncture analgesia was used the pulse rate and blood pressure during surgery generally remained stable In the present study serum cortisol was also measured and showed only minor elevation

CONCLUSION Acupuncture analgesia can be a useful adjunct to conventional anaesthesia in maxillofacial surgery

J Orofac Pain 2009 Fall23(4)353-9

Randomized clinical trial of acupuncture for myofascial pain of the jaw muscles Shen YF Younger J Goddard G Mackey S

Department of oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Center for Orofacial Pain University

of California San Francisco San Francisco CA 94143-0768 USA

METHODS Twenty-eight subjects over the age of 18 and diagnosed with chronic myofascial pain of the jaw muscles were randomized to receive real (n = 16) or sham (n = 12) acupuncture

RESULTS Subjects receiving real acupuncture experienced a significant reduction in jaw pain (P = 04) jawface tightness (P = 04) and neck pain (P = 04) and a significant increase in pain tolerance of the masseter muscle (P = 001) Subjects were not able to determine whether they received real or sham acupuncture (P = 69) No significant pain reductions were observed in the sham acupuncture group

CONCLUSION A single acupuncture session using one acupoint at Hegu large intestine 4 significantly reduced most myofascial pain endpoints when compared to sham acupuncture

MIND BODY ARTICLES

Read some other articles

How Mindfulness Meditation Can Help People With Rheumatoid

Arthritis (huffingtonpostcom)

How Meditation Changes Pain Relieves

Depression (psychologytodaycom)

How Meditation Might Relieve Pain (forbescom)

Neural correlates of pain reduction through

meditation (mindblogdericbowndsnet)

Pain Is No Matter for the Meditative Mind (brainbloggercom)

MIND-BODY Pain Relief Research

Reduced disability secondary to back pain improvements on global and physical health and improved pain levels compared to pre-intervention levels

Morone N Weiner D amp Greco C (2005) Randomized trial of mindfulness meditation in older adults for the treatment of chronic low back pain

- 34 of patients gtgt 33 decrease in pain- 12 of patients gtgt 50 decrease in pain - 44 of patients gtgt decreased analgesic use- 28 of patients gtgt discontinued analgesics

The Clinical Use of Mindfulness Meditation for the Self-Regulation of Chronic Pain Kabat-Zinn J Journal of Behavioral Medicine 1985

Many patients needed less pain medication After fifteen months not only did they suffer less pain but because they suffered less pain they also suffered less from depression and anxiety

WE Mehling KA Hamel M Acree N Byl and FM Hecht Randomized controlled trial of breath therapy for patients with chronic low-back pain Altern Ther Health Med 2005 JulndashAug 11(4)44ndash52

Chronic Pain

Acceptance-based interventions such as mindfulness-based stress reduction program and acceptance and commitment therapy are alternative approaches to cognitive behavioral therapy for treating patients wtih chronic pain In this systematic review and meta-analysis twenty-two studies were included totaling 1235 patients with chronic pain The results suggest that a mindfulness-based stress reduction program and acceptance and commitment therapy can be good alternatives to cognitive behavioral therapy More high-quality studies are needed Acceptance-based therapies have small to medium effects on physical and mental health in chronic pain patients comparable to those of cognitive behavioral therapy

Veehof MM Oskam MJ Schreurs KM Bohlmeijer ET Acceptance-based interventions for the treatment of chronic pain a systematic review and meta-analysis Pain 152(3)533-42 2011

Ten studies were included in this review Mindfulness-based interventions showed non-specific effects for the reduction of pain symptoms and the improvement of depressive symptoms in patients with chronic pain There were also some improvements in psychologic measures related to chronic pain including pain coping Further research in larger studies is warranted

Chiesa A Serretti A Mindfulness-based interventions for chronic pain a systematic review of the evidence Journal of Alternative amp Complementary Medicine 17(1) 83-93 2011

Page 26: ACUPUNCTURE AND FACIAL PAIN - Darcy Nat · (Bensoussan 1999, Rosted 1998, Ernst 1998). Controlled trials have shown that ear acupuncture is as effective as intranasal midazolam in

(Bensoussan 1999 Rosted 1998 Ernst 1998) Controlled trials have shown that ear acupuncture is as effective as intranasal midazolam in reducing dental anxiety

(Karst 2007) and that acupuncture is more effective than placebo in the prevention of post-operative dental pain

(Lao 1999) and in reducing the gagging reflex

(Sari 2010) Evidence from case series suggests that acupuncture can reduce dental anxiety

(Rosted 2010) and the gagging reflex

(Rosted 2006) and that electroacupuncture can control post-operative pain after wisdom tooth extraction

(Tarares 2007) One controlled study found no effect on the pain threashold of dental pulp

(Goddard 2009)The systematic reviews are now more than 10 years old and up-to-date ones are called for to better evaluate the evidence

In general acupuncture is believed to stimulate the nervous system and cause the release of neurochemical messenger molecules The resulting biochemical changes influence the bodys homeostatic mechanisms thus promoting physical and emotional well-being Stimulation of certain acupuncture points has been shown to affect areas of the brain that are known to reduce sensitivity to pain and stress as well as promoting relaxation and deactivating the analytical brain which is responsible for anxiety (Wu 1999)

Acupuncture may help relieve dental pain by

stimulating nerves located in muscles and other tissues which leads to release of endorphins and other neurohumoral factors (eg neuropeptide Y serotonin) and changes the processing of pain in the brain and spinal cord (Pomeranz 1987 Han 2004 Zhao 2008 Zhou 2008 Lee 2009 Cheng 2009)

reducing the cardiovascular reflex elicited by toothache which is associated with the adrenergic system (Jung 2006)

increasing the release of adenosine which has antinociceptive properties (Goldman 2010)

modulating the limbic-paralimbic-neocortical network (Hui 2009)

reducing inflammation by promoting release of vascular and immunomodulatory factors (Kavoussi 2007 Zijlstra 2003)

increasing local microcirculation (Komori 2009) which aids dispersal of swelling

British Acupuncture Council

Systematic reviews

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry

Br Dent J 2000 Aug 12189(3)136-40

Rosted P

The use of acupuncture in dentistry a review of the scientific validity of published papers

Oral Dis 1998 Jun4(2)100-4

Rosted P

Temporomandibular Dysfunction

Practical recommendations for the use of acupuncture in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders based on the outcome of published controlled studies

Oral Dis 2001 Mar7(2)109-15

Rosted P

Effectiveness of acupuncture in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders of muscular origin a systematic review of the last decade

La Touche R Angulo-Diacuteaz-Parrentildeo S de-la-Hoz JL Fernaacutendez-CarneroJ Ge HY Linares MT Mesa J Saacutenchez-Gutieacuterrez J J AlternComplement Med 2010 Jan16(1)107-12

Bells Palsy

Physical therapy for Bellrsquos palsy (idiopathic facial paralysis)

Teixeira LJ Valbuza JS Prado GF Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011 Dec 7(12)CD006283

Department of Neurology West China Hospital Sichuan University Wai Nan Guo Xue Xiang 37 Chengdu Sichuan China 610041

Dental painThe effectiveness of acupuncture in treating acute dental pain a systematic reviewErnst E Pittler MH Br Dent J 1998 May 9184(9)443-7

Dry Mouth

Randomized controlled trial of acupuncture for prevention of radiation-induced xerostomia among patients with nasopharyngeal carcinomaMeng Z Garcia MK Hu C Chiang J Chambers M Rosenthal DI Peng H Zhang Y Zhao Q Zhao G Liu L Spelman A Palmer JL Wei Q Cohen LCancer 2012 Jul 1118(13)3337-44 doi 101002cncr26550 Epub 2011 Nov 9

Dental AnxietyAuricular acupuncture effectively reduces state anxiety before dental treatment ndash a randomised controlled trialMichalek-Sauberer A Gusenleitner E Gleiss A Tepper G Deusch EClin Oral Investig 2012 Jan 6 [Epub ahead of print]

Trigeminal NeuralgiaPractical application of meridian acupuncture treatment for trigeminal neuralgiaBeppu S Sato Y Amemiya Y Tode IAnesth Pain Control Dent 1992 Spring1(2)103-8

Post Operative Dental PainAcupuncture treatment of pain dysfunction syndrome after dental extractionRosted P Joslashrgensen VAcupunct Med 2002 Dec20(4)191-2

Thanks to httpbenzappincomacupuncture-in-dentistry

1 Rosted P Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry Br Dent J 2000189(3)136ndash140 [PubMed]

2 Stux G Pomeranz G Scientific Basis of Acupuncture Acupuncture Textbook and Atlas Heidelberg Springer Verlag 1987

3 Lao L Bergman S Langenberg P Wong RH Berman B Efficacy of Chinese acupuncture on postoperative oral surgery pain Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 199579(4)423ndash428[PubMed]

4 Rosted P The use of acupuncture in dentistry A systematic review Acupunct Med 199816(1)43ndash48

5 Wong LB Acupuncture in dentistry Its possible role and application Proc Singapore Healthcare 201221(1)432ndash448

6 Michalek-Sauberer A Heinzl H Sator-Katzenschlager SM Monov G Knolle E Kress HGPerioperative auricular electroacupuncture has no effect on pain and analgesic consumption after third molar tooth extraction Anesth Analg 2007104(3)542ndash547 [PubMed]

7 Ulett GA Han S Han JS Electroacupuncture Mechanisms and clinical application Biol Psychiatr 199844(2)129ndash138 [PubMed]

8 Fang J Jin Z Wang Y et al The salient characteristics of the central effects of acupuncture needling Limbicndashparalimbicndashneocortical network modulation Hum Brain Mapp 200930(4)1196ndash1206 [PubMed]

9 National Institutes of Health (NIH) NIH Consensus Conference Acupuncture JAMA 1998280(17)1518ndash1524 [PubMed]

10 Ernst E Pittler MH The effectiveness of acupuncture in treating acute dental pain A systematic review Br Dent J 1998184(9)443ndash447 [PubMed]

11 Goddard G Albers D Effects of acupuncture at Large Intestine 4 (LI 4) on electrical tooth pulp stimulation A randomized controlled pilot study Med Acupunct 200921(3)167ndash171

12 Chapman CR Chen AC Bonica JJ Effects of intrasegmental electrical acupuncture on dental pain Evaluation by threshold estimation and sensory decision Pain 19773(3)213ndash227 [PubMed]

13 Andersson S Lundeberg T Acupuncturemdashfrom empiricism to science Functional background to [sic] acupuncture effects in pain and disease Med Hypotheses 199545(3)271ndash281 [PubMed]

14 Rosted P Bundgaard M Can acupuncture reduce the induction time of a local anaestheticmdashA pilot study Acupunct Med 200321(3)92ndash99 [PubMed]

15 Simmons MS Oleson TD Auricular electrical stimulation and dental pain threshold Anesth Prog 199340(1)14ndash19 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

16 Tavares MG Machado AP Motta BG Borsatto MC Rosa AL Xavier SP Electro-acupuncture efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar surgery Braz Dent J 200718(2)158ndash162 [PubMed]

17 Lao L Bergman S Hamilton GR Langenberg P Berman B Evaluation of acupuncture for pain control after oral surgery A placebo-controlled trial Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1999125(5)567ndash572 [PubMed]

18 Ribeiro DC Dental Acupuncture A Technique Against Pain 1st ed Satildeo Paulo Iacutecone 2002

19 Kitade T Ohyabu H Analgesic effects of acupuncture on pain after mandibular wisdom tooth extraction Acupunct Electrother Res 200025(2)109ndash115 [PubMed]

20 Ekblom A Hansson P Thomsson M Thomas M Increased postoperative pain and consumption of analgesics following acupuncture Pain 199144(3)241ndash247 [PubMed]

21 Zijlstra FJ van den Berg-de Lange I Huygen FJ Klein J Anti-inflammatory actions of acupuncture Mediators Inflamm 200312(2)59ndash69 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

22 Karst M Winterhalter M Muumlnte S et al Auricular acupuncture for dental anxiety A randomized controlled trial Anesth Analg 2007104(2)295ndash300 [PubMed]

23 Rosted P Bundgaard M Gordon S Pedersen AM Acupuncture in the management of anxiety related to dental treatment A case series Acupunct Med 201028(1)3ndash5 [PubMed]

24 Sari E Sari T The role of acupuncture in the treatment of orthodontic patients with a gagging reflex A pilot study Br Dent J 2010208(10)E19 [PubMed]

25 Rosted P Bundgaard M Fiske J Pedersen AM The use of acupuncture in controlling the gag reflex in patients requiring an upper alginate impression An audit Br Dent J 2006201(11)721ndash725discussion715 [PubMed]

26 List T Acupuncture in the treatment of patients with craniomandibular disorders Comparative longitudinal and methodological studies Swed Dent J Suppl 1992871ndash159 [PubMed]

27 Park J White A Stevinson C Ernst E James M Validating a new non-penetrating sham acupuncture device Two randomised controlled trials Acupunct Med 200220(4)168ndash174 [PubMed]

28 Shen YF Younger J Goddard G Mackey S Randomized clinical trial of acupuncture for myofascial pain of the jaw muscles J OrofacPain 200923(4)353ndash359 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

29 Cho SH Whang WW Acupuncture for temporomandibular disorders A systematic review J Orofac Pain 201024(2)152ndash162 [PubMed]

30 Johnstone PA Peng YP May BC Inouye WS Niemtzow RC Acupuncture for pilocarpine-resistant xerostomia following radiotherapy for head and neck malignancies Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 200150(2)353ndash357 [PubMed]

31 Furness S Bryan G McMillan R Worthington HV Interventions for the management of dry mouth Non-pharmacological interventions Cochrane Database Syst Rev 20138CD009603 [PubMed]

32 Silva SA Acupuncture for the relief of pain of facial and dental origin Anesth Prog 198936(4ndash5)244ndash245 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

33 Chien TJ Liu CY Hsu CH Integrating acupuncture into cancer care J Tradit Complement Med 20133(4)234ndash239 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

34 Liang F Li Y Yu S et al A multicentral randomized control study on clinical acupuncture treatment of Bells palsy J Tradit Chin Med 200626(1)3ndash7 [PubMed]

35 Bensoussan A Systematic review of acupuncture in dental pain Focus Altern Complement Ther 1999415ndash16

36 Pomeranz B Scientific basis of acupuncture In Stux G editor Pomeranz B editor eds Acupuncture Textbook and Atlas Heidelberg Springer-Verlag 19871ndash18

37 Kavoussi B Ross BE The neuroimmune basis of anti-inflammatory acupuncture Integr Cancer Ther 20076(3)251ndash257 [PubMed]

Thanks to httpswwwncbinlmnihgovpmcarticlesPMC4270142

Naik PN Kiran RA Yalamanchal S Kumar VA Goli S Vashist N Acupuncture An Alternative Therapy in Dentistry and Its Possible Applications Medical Acupuncture 201426(6)308-314 doi101089acu20141028

Ann Ital Chir 1995 May-Jun66(3)373-8

[Treatment of trigeminal neuralgia with electroacupuncture Experience with 104

cases]Costantini D Tomasello C Buonopane CE Sances D Marandola M Delogu G

Istituto di Anestesiologia e Rianimazione Universitagrave degli Studi di Roma La

Sapienza

The essential or secondary trigeminal neuralgia is a very frequent and invalidant disease In this forms the medical or surgical conventional therapies are often inadequate In this study we evaluated the effects of the acupunctural therapy on 104 patients (mean age 523 +- 13 years) with idiopathic or secondary trigeminal neuralgia Utilizing cycles of twelve sessions the acupunctural treatment was performed with an electrostimulator on local points and a distance or on aching points in the secondary forms The results was evaluated on the basis of three parameters (reappearance of the symptomatology absence of pain in months and preceding treatments) and was defined using this scale very well well fair and null In conclusion we can say that acupuncture is an elective treatment in all kinds of secondary tregeminalneuralgia while in the idiopathic form its validity is conditioned by preceding medical treatments and by beginning of the disease

Braz Dent J 200718(2)158-62

Electro-acupuncture efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar

surgeryTavares MG Machado AP Motta BG Borsatto MC Rosa AL Xavier SP

Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology School of Dentistry

of Ribeiratildeo Preto University of Sao Paulo Ribeiratildeo Preto SP Brazil

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of electro-acupuncture (EAC) on postoperative pain control after mandibular third molar surgery Twenty four young patients (12 male and 12 female) with symmetrically impacted mandibular third molars were selected Each patient was submitted to two separate surgical procedures under local anesthesia At one side extraction was carried out employing both prior (24h) and immediately postoperative application of EAC while on the contralateral side surgery was carried out without any treatment EAC was applied on 6 bilateral systemic and 2 auricular points with a WQ10Dl appliance using 40-60Hz frequency for 20 min and individually adjusted intensity Postoperative pain intensity was rated on a 100 mm visual analog scale (VAS) between 2 and 72 h and recording the amount of analgesics intake after surgery Statistical analysis was performed using theWilcoxon test Postoperative pain VAS scores were significantly lower for the EAC group (plt005) and analgesic intake decreased (plt005) for all evaluated periods (plt005) Under the tested conditions EAC therapy is efficient was proved controlling postoperative pain following mandibular third molar surgical removal

J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2005 Apr33(2)118-22

Acupuncture analgesia and its application in cranio-maxillofacial surgical

procedures Pohodenko-Chudakova IODepartment of Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery Faculty of Stomatology

Belarussian State Medical University Minsk Belarus ip-cyandexru

PATIENTS AND METHODS Acupuncture analgesia was applied in 120 patients In 20 of these surgery was carried out under general anaesthesia in combination with acupuncture analgesia In 100 patients acupuncture analgesia was applied in addition to traditional postoperative analgesia In case of troublesome postoperative pain it was necessary to carry out additional sessions (1-4) of acupuncture stimulation

RESULTS When acupuncture analgesia was used the pulse rate and blood pressure during surgery generally remained stable In the present study serum cortisol was also measured and showed only minor elevation

CONCLUSION Acupuncture analgesia can be a useful adjunct to conventional anaesthesia in maxillofacial surgery

J Orofac Pain 2009 Fall23(4)353-9

Randomized clinical trial of acupuncture for myofascial pain of the jaw muscles Shen YF Younger J Goddard G Mackey S

Department of oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Center for Orofacial Pain University

of California San Francisco San Francisco CA 94143-0768 USA

METHODS Twenty-eight subjects over the age of 18 and diagnosed with chronic myofascial pain of the jaw muscles were randomized to receive real (n = 16) or sham (n = 12) acupuncture

RESULTS Subjects receiving real acupuncture experienced a significant reduction in jaw pain (P = 04) jawface tightness (P = 04) and neck pain (P = 04) and a significant increase in pain tolerance of the masseter muscle (P = 001) Subjects were not able to determine whether they received real or sham acupuncture (P = 69) No significant pain reductions were observed in the sham acupuncture group

CONCLUSION A single acupuncture session using one acupoint at Hegu large intestine 4 significantly reduced most myofascial pain endpoints when compared to sham acupuncture

MIND BODY ARTICLES

Read some other articles

How Mindfulness Meditation Can Help People With Rheumatoid

Arthritis (huffingtonpostcom)

How Meditation Changes Pain Relieves

Depression (psychologytodaycom)

How Meditation Might Relieve Pain (forbescom)

Neural correlates of pain reduction through

meditation (mindblogdericbowndsnet)

Pain Is No Matter for the Meditative Mind (brainbloggercom)

MIND-BODY Pain Relief Research

Reduced disability secondary to back pain improvements on global and physical health and improved pain levels compared to pre-intervention levels

Morone N Weiner D amp Greco C (2005) Randomized trial of mindfulness meditation in older adults for the treatment of chronic low back pain

- 34 of patients gtgt 33 decrease in pain- 12 of patients gtgt 50 decrease in pain - 44 of patients gtgt decreased analgesic use- 28 of patients gtgt discontinued analgesics

The Clinical Use of Mindfulness Meditation for the Self-Regulation of Chronic Pain Kabat-Zinn J Journal of Behavioral Medicine 1985

Many patients needed less pain medication After fifteen months not only did they suffer less pain but because they suffered less pain they also suffered less from depression and anxiety

WE Mehling KA Hamel M Acree N Byl and FM Hecht Randomized controlled trial of breath therapy for patients with chronic low-back pain Altern Ther Health Med 2005 JulndashAug 11(4)44ndash52

Chronic Pain

Acceptance-based interventions such as mindfulness-based stress reduction program and acceptance and commitment therapy are alternative approaches to cognitive behavioral therapy for treating patients wtih chronic pain In this systematic review and meta-analysis twenty-two studies were included totaling 1235 patients with chronic pain The results suggest that a mindfulness-based stress reduction program and acceptance and commitment therapy can be good alternatives to cognitive behavioral therapy More high-quality studies are needed Acceptance-based therapies have small to medium effects on physical and mental health in chronic pain patients comparable to those of cognitive behavioral therapy

Veehof MM Oskam MJ Schreurs KM Bohlmeijer ET Acceptance-based interventions for the treatment of chronic pain a systematic review and meta-analysis Pain 152(3)533-42 2011

Ten studies were included in this review Mindfulness-based interventions showed non-specific effects for the reduction of pain symptoms and the improvement of depressive symptoms in patients with chronic pain There were also some improvements in psychologic measures related to chronic pain including pain coping Further research in larger studies is warranted

Chiesa A Serretti A Mindfulness-based interventions for chronic pain a systematic review of the evidence Journal of Alternative amp Complementary Medicine 17(1) 83-93 2011

Page 27: ACUPUNCTURE AND FACIAL PAIN - Darcy Nat · (Bensoussan 1999, Rosted 1998, Ernst 1998). Controlled trials have shown that ear acupuncture is as effective as intranasal midazolam in

Systematic reviews

Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry

Br Dent J 2000 Aug 12189(3)136-40

Rosted P

The use of acupuncture in dentistry a review of the scientific validity of published papers

Oral Dis 1998 Jun4(2)100-4

Rosted P

Temporomandibular Dysfunction

Practical recommendations for the use of acupuncture in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders based on the outcome of published controlled studies

Oral Dis 2001 Mar7(2)109-15

Rosted P

Effectiveness of acupuncture in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders of muscular origin a systematic review of the last decade

La Touche R Angulo-Diacuteaz-Parrentildeo S de-la-Hoz JL Fernaacutendez-CarneroJ Ge HY Linares MT Mesa J Saacutenchez-Gutieacuterrez J J AlternComplement Med 2010 Jan16(1)107-12

Bells Palsy

Physical therapy for Bellrsquos palsy (idiopathic facial paralysis)

Teixeira LJ Valbuza JS Prado GF Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011 Dec 7(12)CD006283

Department of Neurology West China Hospital Sichuan University Wai Nan Guo Xue Xiang 37 Chengdu Sichuan China 610041

Dental painThe effectiveness of acupuncture in treating acute dental pain a systematic reviewErnst E Pittler MH Br Dent J 1998 May 9184(9)443-7

Dry Mouth

Randomized controlled trial of acupuncture for prevention of radiation-induced xerostomia among patients with nasopharyngeal carcinomaMeng Z Garcia MK Hu C Chiang J Chambers M Rosenthal DI Peng H Zhang Y Zhao Q Zhao G Liu L Spelman A Palmer JL Wei Q Cohen LCancer 2012 Jul 1118(13)3337-44 doi 101002cncr26550 Epub 2011 Nov 9

Dental AnxietyAuricular acupuncture effectively reduces state anxiety before dental treatment ndash a randomised controlled trialMichalek-Sauberer A Gusenleitner E Gleiss A Tepper G Deusch EClin Oral Investig 2012 Jan 6 [Epub ahead of print]

Trigeminal NeuralgiaPractical application of meridian acupuncture treatment for trigeminal neuralgiaBeppu S Sato Y Amemiya Y Tode IAnesth Pain Control Dent 1992 Spring1(2)103-8

Post Operative Dental PainAcupuncture treatment of pain dysfunction syndrome after dental extractionRosted P Joslashrgensen VAcupunct Med 2002 Dec20(4)191-2

Thanks to httpbenzappincomacupuncture-in-dentistry

1 Rosted P Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry Br Dent J 2000189(3)136ndash140 [PubMed]

2 Stux G Pomeranz G Scientific Basis of Acupuncture Acupuncture Textbook and Atlas Heidelberg Springer Verlag 1987

3 Lao L Bergman S Langenberg P Wong RH Berman B Efficacy of Chinese acupuncture on postoperative oral surgery pain Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 199579(4)423ndash428[PubMed]

4 Rosted P The use of acupuncture in dentistry A systematic review Acupunct Med 199816(1)43ndash48

5 Wong LB Acupuncture in dentistry Its possible role and application Proc Singapore Healthcare 201221(1)432ndash448

6 Michalek-Sauberer A Heinzl H Sator-Katzenschlager SM Monov G Knolle E Kress HGPerioperative auricular electroacupuncture has no effect on pain and analgesic consumption after third molar tooth extraction Anesth Analg 2007104(3)542ndash547 [PubMed]

7 Ulett GA Han S Han JS Electroacupuncture Mechanisms and clinical application Biol Psychiatr 199844(2)129ndash138 [PubMed]

8 Fang J Jin Z Wang Y et al The salient characteristics of the central effects of acupuncture needling Limbicndashparalimbicndashneocortical network modulation Hum Brain Mapp 200930(4)1196ndash1206 [PubMed]

9 National Institutes of Health (NIH) NIH Consensus Conference Acupuncture JAMA 1998280(17)1518ndash1524 [PubMed]

10 Ernst E Pittler MH The effectiveness of acupuncture in treating acute dental pain A systematic review Br Dent J 1998184(9)443ndash447 [PubMed]

11 Goddard G Albers D Effects of acupuncture at Large Intestine 4 (LI 4) on electrical tooth pulp stimulation A randomized controlled pilot study Med Acupunct 200921(3)167ndash171

12 Chapman CR Chen AC Bonica JJ Effects of intrasegmental electrical acupuncture on dental pain Evaluation by threshold estimation and sensory decision Pain 19773(3)213ndash227 [PubMed]

13 Andersson S Lundeberg T Acupuncturemdashfrom empiricism to science Functional background to [sic] acupuncture effects in pain and disease Med Hypotheses 199545(3)271ndash281 [PubMed]

14 Rosted P Bundgaard M Can acupuncture reduce the induction time of a local anaestheticmdashA pilot study Acupunct Med 200321(3)92ndash99 [PubMed]

15 Simmons MS Oleson TD Auricular electrical stimulation and dental pain threshold Anesth Prog 199340(1)14ndash19 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

16 Tavares MG Machado AP Motta BG Borsatto MC Rosa AL Xavier SP Electro-acupuncture efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar surgery Braz Dent J 200718(2)158ndash162 [PubMed]

17 Lao L Bergman S Hamilton GR Langenberg P Berman B Evaluation of acupuncture for pain control after oral surgery A placebo-controlled trial Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1999125(5)567ndash572 [PubMed]

18 Ribeiro DC Dental Acupuncture A Technique Against Pain 1st ed Satildeo Paulo Iacutecone 2002

19 Kitade T Ohyabu H Analgesic effects of acupuncture on pain after mandibular wisdom tooth extraction Acupunct Electrother Res 200025(2)109ndash115 [PubMed]

20 Ekblom A Hansson P Thomsson M Thomas M Increased postoperative pain and consumption of analgesics following acupuncture Pain 199144(3)241ndash247 [PubMed]

21 Zijlstra FJ van den Berg-de Lange I Huygen FJ Klein J Anti-inflammatory actions of acupuncture Mediators Inflamm 200312(2)59ndash69 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

22 Karst M Winterhalter M Muumlnte S et al Auricular acupuncture for dental anxiety A randomized controlled trial Anesth Analg 2007104(2)295ndash300 [PubMed]

23 Rosted P Bundgaard M Gordon S Pedersen AM Acupuncture in the management of anxiety related to dental treatment A case series Acupunct Med 201028(1)3ndash5 [PubMed]

24 Sari E Sari T The role of acupuncture in the treatment of orthodontic patients with a gagging reflex A pilot study Br Dent J 2010208(10)E19 [PubMed]

25 Rosted P Bundgaard M Fiske J Pedersen AM The use of acupuncture in controlling the gag reflex in patients requiring an upper alginate impression An audit Br Dent J 2006201(11)721ndash725discussion715 [PubMed]

26 List T Acupuncture in the treatment of patients with craniomandibular disorders Comparative longitudinal and methodological studies Swed Dent J Suppl 1992871ndash159 [PubMed]

27 Park J White A Stevinson C Ernst E James M Validating a new non-penetrating sham acupuncture device Two randomised controlled trials Acupunct Med 200220(4)168ndash174 [PubMed]

28 Shen YF Younger J Goddard G Mackey S Randomized clinical trial of acupuncture for myofascial pain of the jaw muscles J OrofacPain 200923(4)353ndash359 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

29 Cho SH Whang WW Acupuncture for temporomandibular disorders A systematic review J Orofac Pain 201024(2)152ndash162 [PubMed]

30 Johnstone PA Peng YP May BC Inouye WS Niemtzow RC Acupuncture for pilocarpine-resistant xerostomia following radiotherapy for head and neck malignancies Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 200150(2)353ndash357 [PubMed]

31 Furness S Bryan G McMillan R Worthington HV Interventions for the management of dry mouth Non-pharmacological interventions Cochrane Database Syst Rev 20138CD009603 [PubMed]

32 Silva SA Acupuncture for the relief of pain of facial and dental origin Anesth Prog 198936(4ndash5)244ndash245 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

33 Chien TJ Liu CY Hsu CH Integrating acupuncture into cancer care J Tradit Complement Med 20133(4)234ndash239 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

34 Liang F Li Y Yu S et al A multicentral randomized control study on clinical acupuncture treatment of Bells palsy J Tradit Chin Med 200626(1)3ndash7 [PubMed]

35 Bensoussan A Systematic review of acupuncture in dental pain Focus Altern Complement Ther 1999415ndash16

36 Pomeranz B Scientific basis of acupuncture In Stux G editor Pomeranz B editor eds Acupuncture Textbook and Atlas Heidelberg Springer-Verlag 19871ndash18

37 Kavoussi B Ross BE The neuroimmune basis of anti-inflammatory acupuncture Integr Cancer Ther 20076(3)251ndash257 [PubMed]

Thanks to httpswwwncbinlmnihgovpmcarticlesPMC4270142

Naik PN Kiran RA Yalamanchal S Kumar VA Goli S Vashist N Acupuncture An Alternative Therapy in Dentistry and Its Possible Applications Medical Acupuncture 201426(6)308-314 doi101089acu20141028

Ann Ital Chir 1995 May-Jun66(3)373-8

[Treatment of trigeminal neuralgia with electroacupuncture Experience with 104

cases]Costantini D Tomasello C Buonopane CE Sances D Marandola M Delogu G

Istituto di Anestesiologia e Rianimazione Universitagrave degli Studi di Roma La

Sapienza

The essential or secondary trigeminal neuralgia is a very frequent and invalidant disease In this forms the medical or surgical conventional therapies are often inadequate In this study we evaluated the effects of the acupunctural therapy on 104 patients (mean age 523 +- 13 years) with idiopathic or secondary trigeminal neuralgia Utilizing cycles of twelve sessions the acupunctural treatment was performed with an electrostimulator on local points and a distance or on aching points in the secondary forms The results was evaluated on the basis of three parameters (reappearance of the symptomatology absence of pain in months and preceding treatments) and was defined using this scale very well well fair and null In conclusion we can say that acupuncture is an elective treatment in all kinds of secondary tregeminalneuralgia while in the idiopathic form its validity is conditioned by preceding medical treatments and by beginning of the disease

Braz Dent J 200718(2)158-62

Electro-acupuncture efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar

surgeryTavares MG Machado AP Motta BG Borsatto MC Rosa AL Xavier SP

Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology School of Dentistry

of Ribeiratildeo Preto University of Sao Paulo Ribeiratildeo Preto SP Brazil

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of electro-acupuncture (EAC) on postoperative pain control after mandibular third molar surgery Twenty four young patients (12 male and 12 female) with symmetrically impacted mandibular third molars were selected Each patient was submitted to two separate surgical procedures under local anesthesia At one side extraction was carried out employing both prior (24h) and immediately postoperative application of EAC while on the contralateral side surgery was carried out without any treatment EAC was applied on 6 bilateral systemic and 2 auricular points with a WQ10Dl appliance using 40-60Hz frequency for 20 min and individually adjusted intensity Postoperative pain intensity was rated on a 100 mm visual analog scale (VAS) between 2 and 72 h and recording the amount of analgesics intake after surgery Statistical analysis was performed using theWilcoxon test Postoperative pain VAS scores were significantly lower for the EAC group (plt005) and analgesic intake decreased (plt005) for all evaluated periods (plt005) Under the tested conditions EAC therapy is efficient was proved controlling postoperative pain following mandibular third molar surgical removal

J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2005 Apr33(2)118-22

Acupuncture analgesia and its application in cranio-maxillofacial surgical

procedures Pohodenko-Chudakova IODepartment of Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery Faculty of Stomatology

Belarussian State Medical University Minsk Belarus ip-cyandexru

PATIENTS AND METHODS Acupuncture analgesia was applied in 120 patients In 20 of these surgery was carried out under general anaesthesia in combination with acupuncture analgesia In 100 patients acupuncture analgesia was applied in addition to traditional postoperative analgesia In case of troublesome postoperative pain it was necessary to carry out additional sessions (1-4) of acupuncture stimulation

RESULTS When acupuncture analgesia was used the pulse rate and blood pressure during surgery generally remained stable In the present study serum cortisol was also measured and showed only minor elevation

CONCLUSION Acupuncture analgesia can be a useful adjunct to conventional anaesthesia in maxillofacial surgery

J Orofac Pain 2009 Fall23(4)353-9

Randomized clinical trial of acupuncture for myofascial pain of the jaw muscles Shen YF Younger J Goddard G Mackey S

Department of oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Center for Orofacial Pain University

of California San Francisco San Francisco CA 94143-0768 USA

METHODS Twenty-eight subjects over the age of 18 and diagnosed with chronic myofascial pain of the jaw muscles were randomized to receive real (n = 16) or sham (n = 12) acupuncture

RESULTS Subjects receiving real acupuncture experienced a significant reduction in jaw pain (P = 04) jawface tightness (P = 04) and neck pain (P = 04) and a significant increase in pain tolerance of the masseter muscle (P = 001) Subjects were not able to determine whether they received real or sham acupuncture (P = 69) No significant pain reductions were observed in the sham acupuncture group

CONCLUSION A single acupuncture session using one acupoint at Hegu large intestine 4 significantly reduced most myofascial pain endpoints when compared to sham acupuncture

MIND BODY ARTICLES

Read some other articles

How Mindfulness Meditation Can Help People With Rheumatoid

Arthritis (huffingtonpostcom)

How Meditation Changes Pain Relieves

Depression (psychologytodaycom)

How Meditation Might Relieve Pain (forbescom)

Neural correlates of pain reduction through

meditation (mindblogdericbowndsnet)

Pain Is No Matter for the Meditative Mind (brainbloggercom)

MIND-BODY Pain Relief Research

Reduced disability secondary to back pain improvements on global and physical health and improved pain levels compared to pre-intervention levels

Morone N Weiner D amp Greco C (2005) Randomized trial of mindfulness meditation in older adults for the treatment of chronic low back pain

- 34 of patients gtgt 33 decrease in pain- 12 of patients gtgt 50 decrease in pain - 44 of patients gtgt decreased analgesic use- 28 of patients gtgt discontinued analgesics

The Clinical Use of Mindfulness Meditation for the Self-Regulation of Chronic Pain Kabat-Zinn J Journal of Behavioral Medicine 1985

Many patients needed less pain medication After fifteen months not only did they suffer less pain but because they suffered less pain they also suffered less from depression and anxiety

WE Mehling KA Hamel M Acree N Byl and FM Hecht Randomized controlled trial of breath therapy for patients with chronic low-back pain Altern Ther Health Med 2005 JulndashAug 11(4)44ndash52

Chronic Pain

Acceptance-based interventions such as mindfulness-based stress reduction program and acceptance and commitment therapy are alternative approaches to cognitive behavioral therapy for treating patients wtih chronic pain In this systematic review and meta-analysis twenty-two studies were included totaling 1235 patients with chronic pain The results suggest that a mindfulness-based stress reduction program and acceptance and commitment therapy can be good alternatives to cognitive behavioral therapy More high-quality studies are needed Acceptance-based therapies have small to medium effects on physical and mental health in chronic pain patients comparable to those of cognitive behavioral therapy

Veehof MM Oskam MJ Schreurs KM Bohlmeijer ET Acceptance-based interventions for the treatment of chronic pain a systematic review and meta-analysis Pain 152(3)533-42 2011

Ten studies were included in this review Mindfulness-based interventions showed non-specific effects for the reduction of pain symptoms and the improvement of depressive symptoms in patients with chronic pain There were also some improvements in psychologic measures related to chronic pain including pain coping Further research in larger studies is warranted

Chiesa A Serretti A Mindfulness-based interventions for chronic pain a systematic review of the evidence Journal of Alternative amp Complementary Medicine 17(1) 83-93 2011

Page 28: ACUPUNCTURE AND FACIAL PAIN - Darcy Nat · (Bensoussan 1999, Rosted 1998, Ernst 1998). Controlled trials have shown that ear acupuncture is as effective as intranasal midazolam in

1 Rosted P Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry Br Dent J 2000189(3)136ndash140 [PubMed]

2 Stux G Pomeranz G Scientific Basis of Acupuncture Acupuncture Textbook and Atlas Heidelberg Springer Verlag 1987

3 Lao L Bergman S Langenberg P Wong RH Berman B Efficacy of Chinese acupuncture on postoperative oral surgery pain Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 199579(4)423ndash428[PubMed]

4 Rosted P The use of acupuncture in dentistry A systematic review Acupunct Med 199816(1)43ndash48

5 Wong LB Acupuncture in dentistry Its possible role and application Proc Singapore Healthcare 201221(1)432ndash448

6 Michalek-Sauberer A Heinzl H Sator-Katzenschlager SM Monov G Knolle E Kress HGPerioperative auricular electroacupuncture has no effect on pain and analgesic consumption after third molar tooth extraction Anesth Analg 2007104(3)542ndash547 [PubMed]

7 Ulett GA Han S Han JS Electroacupuncture Mechanisms and clinical application Biol Psychiatr 199844(2)129ndash138 [PubMed]

8 Fang J Jin Z Wang Y et al The salient characteristics of the central effects of acupuncture needling Limbicndashparalimbicndashneocortical network modulation Hum Brain Mapp 200930(4)1196ndash1206 [PubMed]

9 National Institutes of Health (NIH) NIH Consensus Conference Acupuncture JAMA 1998280(17)1518ndash1524 [PubMed]

10 Ernst E Pittler MH The effectiveness of acupuncture in treating acute dental pain A systematic review Br Dent J 1998184(9)443ndash447 [PubMed]

11 Goddard G Albers D Effects of acupuncture at Large Intestine 4 (LI 4) on electrical tooth pulp stimulation A randomized controlled pilot study Med Acupunct 200921(3)167ndash171

12 Chapman CR Chen AC Bonica JJ Effects of intrasegmental electrical acupuncture on dental pain Evaluation by threshold estimation and sensory decision Pain 19773(3)213ndash227 [PubMed]

13 Andersson S Lundeberg T Acupuncturemdashfrom empiricism to science Functional background to [sic] acupuncture effects in pain and disease Med Hypotheses 199545(3)271ndash281 [PubMed]

14 Rosted P Bundgaard M Can acupuncture reduce the induction time of a local anaestheticmdashA pilot study Acupunct Med 200321(3)92ndash99 [PubMed]

15 Simmons MS Oleson TD Auricular electrical stimulation and dental pain threshold Anesth Prog 199340(1)14ndash19 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

16 Tavares MG Machado AP Motta BG Borsatto MC Rosa AL Xavier SP Electro-acupuncture efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar surgery Braz Dent J 200718(2)158ndash162 [PubMed]

17 Lao L Bergman S Hamilton GR Langenberg P Berman B Evaluation of acupuncture for pain control after oral surgery A placebo-controlled trial Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1999125(5)567ndash572 [PubMed]

18 Ribeiro DC Dental Acupuncture A Technique Against Pain 1st ed Satildeo Paulo Iacutecone 2002

19 Kitade T Ohyabu H Analgesic effects of acupuncture on pain after mandibular wisdom tooth extraction Acupunct Electrother Res 200025(2)109ndash115 [PubMed]

20 Ekblom A Hansson P Thomsson M Thomas M Increased postoperative pain and consumption of analgesics following acupuncture Pain 199144(3)241ndash247 [PubMed]

21 Zijlstra FJ van den Berg-de Lange I Huygen FJ Klein J Anti-inflammatory actions of acupuncture Mediators Inflamm 200312(2)59ndash69 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

22 Karst M Winterhalter M Muumlnte S et al Auricular acupuncture for dental anxiety A randomized controlled trial Anesth Analg 2007104(2)295ndash300 [PubMed]

23 Rosted P Bundgaard M Gordon S Pedersen AM Acupuncture in the management of anxiety related to dental treatment A case series Acupunct Med 201028(1)3ndash5 [PubMed]

24 Sari E Sari T The role of acupuncture in the treatment of orthodontic patients with a gagging reflex A pilot study Br Dent J 2010208(10)E19 [PubMed]

25 Rosted P Bundgaard M Fiske J Pedersen AM The use of acupuncture in controlling the gag reflex in patients requiring an upper alginate impression An audit Br Dent J 2006201(11)721ndash725discussion715 [PubMed]

26 List T Acupuncture in the treatment of patients with craniomandibular disorders Comparative longitudinal and methodological studies Swed Dent J Suppl 1992871ndash159 [PubMed]

27 Park J White A Stevinson C Ernst E James M Validating a new non-penetrating sham acupuncture device Two randomised controlled trials Acupunct Med 200220(4)168ndash174 [PubMed]

28 Shen YF Younger J Goddard G Mackey S Randomized clinical trial of acupuncture for myofascial pain of the jaw muscles J OrofacPain 200923(4)353ndash359 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

29 Cho SH Whang WW Acupuncture for temporomandibular disorders A systematic review J Orofac Pain 201024(2)152ndash162 [PubMed]

30 Johnstone PA Peng YP May BC Inouye WS Niemtzow RC Acupuncture for pilocarpine-resistant xerostomia following radiotherapy for head and neck malignancies Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 200150(2)353ndash357 [PubMed]

31 Furness S Bryan G McMillan R Worthington HV Interventions for the management of dry mouth Non-pharmacological interventions Cochrane Database Syst Rev 20138CD009603 [PubMed]

32 Silva SA Acupuncture for the relief of pain of facial and dental origin Anesth Prog 198936(4ndash5)244ndash245 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

33 Chien TJ Liu CY Hsu CH Integrating acupuncture into cancer care J Tradit Complement Med 20133(4)234ndash239 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

34 Liang F Li Y Yu S et al A multicentral randomized control study on clinical acupuncture treatment of Bells palsy J Tradit Chin Med 200626(1)3ndash7 [PubMed]

35 Bensoussan A Systematic review of acupuncture in dental pain Focus Altern Complement Ther 1999415ndash16

36 Pomeranz B Scientific basis of acupuncture In Stux G editor Pomeranz B editor eds Acupuncture Textbook and Atlas Heidelberg Springer-Verlag 19871ndash18

37 Kavoussi B Ross BE The neuroimmune basis of anti-inflammatory acupuncture Integr Cancer Ther 20076(3)251ndash257 [PubMed]

Thanks to httpswwwncbinlmnihgovpmcarticlesPMC4270142

Naik PN Kiran RA Yalamanchal S Kumar VA Goli S Vashist N Acupuncture An Alternative Therapy in Dentistry and Its Possible Applications Medical Acupuncture 201426(6)308-314 doi101089acu20141028

Ann Ital Chir 1995 May-Jun66(3)373-8

[Treatment of trigeminal neuralgia with electroacupuncture Experience with 104

cases]Costantini D Tomasello C Buonopane CE Sances D Marandola M Delogu G

Istituto di Anestesiologia e Rianimazione Universitagrave degli Studi di Roma La

Sapienza

The essential or secondary trigeminal neuralgia is a very frequent and invalidant disease In this forms the medical or surgical conventional therapies are often inadequate In this study we evaluated the effects of the acupunctural therapy on 104 patients (mean age 523 +- 13 years) with idiopathic or secondary trigeminal neuralgia Utilizing cycles of twelve sessions the acupunctural treatment was performed with an electrostimulator on local points and a distance or on aching points in the secondary forms The results was evaluated on the basis of three parameters (reappearance of the symptomatology absence of pain in months and preceding treatments) and was defined using this scale very well well fair and null In conclusion we can say that acupuncture is an elective treatment in all kinds of secondary tregeminalneuralgia while in the idiopathic form its validity is conditioned by preceding medical treatments and by beginning of the disease

Braz Dent J 200718(2)158-62

Electro-acupuncture efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar

surgeryTavares MG Machado AP Motta BG Borsatto MC Rosa AL Xavier SP

Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology School of Dentistry

of Ribeiratildeo Preto University of Sao Paulo Ribeiratildeo Preto SP Brazil

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of electro-acupuncture (EAC) on postoperative pain control after mandibular third molar surgery Twenty four young patients (12 male and 12 female) with symmetrically impacted mandibular third molars were selected Each patient was submitted to two separate surgical procedures under local anesthesia At one side extraction was carried out employing both prior (24h) and immediately postoperative application of EAC while on the contralateral side surgery was carried out without any treatment EAC was applied on 6 bilateral systemic and 2 auricular points with a WQ10Dl appliance using 40-60Hz frequency for 20 min and individually adjusted intensity Postoperative pain intensity was rated on a 100 mm visual analog scale (VAS) between 2 and 72 h and recording the amount of analgesics intake after surgery Statistical analysis was performed using theWilcoxon test Postoperative pain VAS scores were significantly lower for the EAC group (plt005) and analgesic intake decreased (plt005) for all evaluated periods (plt005) Under the tested conditions EAC therapy is efficient was proved controlling postoperative pain following mandibular third molar surgical removal

J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2005 Apr33(2)118-22

Acupuncture analgesia and its application in cranio-maxillofacial surgical

procedures Pohodenko-Chudakova IODepartment of Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery Faculty of Stomatology

Belarussian State Medical University Minsk Belarus ip-cyandexru

PATIENTS AND METHODS Acupuncture analgesia was applied in 120 patients In 20 of these surgery was carried out under general anaesthesia in combination with acupuncture analgesia In 100 patients acupuncture analgesia was applied in addition to traditional postoperative analgesia In case of troublesome postoperative pain it was necessary to carry out additional sessions (1-4) of acupuncture stimulation

RESULTS When acupuncture analgesia was used the pulse rate and blood pressure during surgery generally remained stable In the present study serum cortisol was also measured and showed only minor elevation

CONCLUSION Acupuncture analgesia can be a useful adjunct to conventional anaesthesia in maxillofacial surgery

J Orofac Pain 2009 Fall23(4)353-9

Randomized clinical trial of acupuncture for myofascial pain of the jaw muscles Shen YF Younger J Goddard G Mackey S

Department of oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Center for Orofacial Pain University

of California San Francisco San Francisco CA 94143-0768 USA

METHODS Twenty-eight subjects over the age of 18 and diagnosed with chronic myofascial pain of the jaw muscles were randomized to receive real (n = 16) or sham (n = 12) acupuncture

RESULTS Subjects receiving real acupuncture experienced a significant reduction in jaw pain (P = 04) jawface tightness (P = 04) and neck pain (P = 04) and a significant increase in pain tolerance of the masseter muscle (P = 001) Subjects were not able to determine whether they received real or sham acupuncture (P = 69) No significant pain reductions were observed in the sham acupuncture group

CONCLUSION A single acupuncture session using one acupoint at Hegu large intestine 4 significantly reduced most myofascial pain endpoints when compared to sham acupuncture

MIND BODY ARTICLES

Read some other articles

How Mindfulness Meditation Can Help People With Rheumatoid

Arthritis (huffingtonpostcom)

How Meditation Changes Pain Relieves

Depression (psychologytodaycom)

How Meditation Might Relieve Pain (forbescom)

Neural correlates of pain reduction through

meditation (mindblogdericbowndsnet)

Pain Is No Matter for the Meditative Mind (brainbloggercom)

MIND-BODY Pain Relief Research

Reduced disability secondary to back pain improvements on global and physical health and improved pain levels compared to pre-intervention levels

Morone N Weiner D amp Greco C (2005) Randomized trial of mindfulness meditation in older adults for the treatment of chronic low back pain

- 34 of patients gtgt 33 decrease in pain- 12 of patients gtgt 50 decrease in pain - 44 of patients gtgt decreased analgesic use- 28 of patients gtgt discontinued analgesics

The Clinical Use of Mindfulness Meditation for the Self-Regulation of Chronic Pain Kabat-Zinn J Journal of Behavioral Medicine 1985

Many patients needed less pain medication After fifteen months not only did they suffer less pain but because they suffered less pain they also suffered less from depression and anxiety

WE Mehling KA Hamel M Acree N Byl and FM Hecht Randomized controlled trial of breath therapy for patients with chronic low-back pain Altern Ther Health Med 2005 JulndashAug 11(4)44ndash52

Chronic Pain

Acceptance-based interventions such as mindfulness-based stress reduction program and acceptance and commitment therapy are alternative approaches to cognitive behavioral therapy for treating patients wtih chronic pain In this systematic review and meta-analysis twenty-two studies were included totaling 1235 patients with chronic pain The results suggest that a mindfulness-based stress reduction program and acceptance and commitment therapy can be good alternatives to cognitive behavioral therapy More high-quality studies are needed Acceptance-based therapies have small to medium effects on physical and mental health in chronic pain patients comparable to those of cognitive behavioral therapy

Veehof MM Oskam MJ Schreurs KM Bohlmeijer ET Acceptance-based interventions for the treatment of chronic pain a systematic review and meta-analysis Pain 152(3)533-42 2011

Ten studies were included in this review Mindfulness-based interventions showed non-specific effects for the reduction of pain symptoms and the improvement of depressive symptoms in patients with chronic pain There were also some improvements in psychologic measures related to chronic pain including pain coping Further research in larger studies is warranted

Chiesa A Serretti A Mindfulness-based interventions for chronic pain a systematic review of the evidence Journal of Alternative amp Complementary Medicine 17(1) 83-93 2011

Page 29: ACUPUNCTURE AND FACIAL PAIN - Darcy Nat · (Bensoussan 1999, Rosted 1998, Ernst 1998). Controlled trials have shown that ear acupuncture is as effective as intranasal midazolam in

28 Shen YF Younger J Goddard G Mackey S Randomized clinical trial of acupuncture for myofascial pain of the jaw muscles J OrofacPain 200923(4)353ndash359 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

29 Cho SH Whang WW Acupuncture for temporomandibular disorders A systematic review J Orofac Pain 201024(2)152ndash162 [PubMed]

30 Johnstone PA Peng YP May BC Inouye WS Niemtzow RC Acupuncture for pilocarpine-resistant xerostomia following radiotherapy for head and neck malignancies Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 200150(2)353ndash357 [PubMed]

31 Furness S Bryan G McMillan R Worthington HV Interventions for the management of dry mouth Non-pharmacological interventions Cochrane Database Syst Rev 20138CD009603 [PubMed]

32 Silva SA Acupuncture for the relief of pain of facial and dental origin Anesth Prog 198936(4ndash5)244ndash245 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

33 Chien TJ Liu CY Hsu CH Integrating acupuncture into cancer care J Tradit Complement Med 20133(4)234ndash239 [PMC free article] [PubMed]

34 Liang F Li Y Yu S et al A multicentral randomized control study on clinical acupuncture treatment of Bells palsy J Tradit Chin Med 200626(1)3ndash7 [PubMed]

35 Bensoussan A Systematic review of acupuncture in dental pain Focus Altern Complement Ther 1999415ndash16

36 Pomeranz B Scientific basis of acupuncture In Stux G editor Pomeranz B editor eds Acupuncture Textbook and Atlas Heidelberg Springer-Verlag 19871ndash18

37 Kavoussi B Ross BE The neuroimmune basis of anti-inflammatory acupuncture Integr Cancer Ther 20076(3)251ndash257 [PubMed]

Thanks to httpswwwncbinlmnihgovpmcarticlesPMC4270142

Naik PN Kiran RA Yalamanchal S Kumar VA Goli S Vashist N Acupuncture An Alternative Therapy in Dentistry and Its Possible Applications Medical Acupuncture 201426(6)308-314 doi101089acu20141028

Ann Ital Chir 1995 May-Jun66(3)373-8

[Treatment of trigeminal neuralgia with electroacupuncture Experience with 104

cases]Costantini D Tomasello C Buonopane CE Sances D Marandola M Delogu G

Istituto di Anestesiologia e Rianimazione Universitagrave degli Studi di Roma La

Sapienza

The essential or secondary trigeminal neuralgia is a very frequent and invalidant disease In this forms the medical or surgical conventional therapies are often inadequate In this study we evaluated the effects of the acupunctural therapy on 104 patients (mean age 523 +- 13 years) with idiopathic or secondary trigeminal neuralgia Utilizing cycles of twelve sessions the acupunctural treatment was performed with an electrostimulator on local points and a distance or on aching points in the secondary forms The results was evaluated on the basis of three parameters (reappearance of the symptomatology absence of pain in months and preceding treatments) and was defined using this scale very well well fair and null In conclusion we can say that acupuncture is an elective treatment in all kinds of secondary tregeminalneuralgia while in the idiopathic form its validity is conditioned by preceding medical treatments and by beginning of the disease

Braz Dent J 200718(2)158-62

Electro-acupuncture efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar

surgeryTavares MG Machado AP Motta BG Borsatto MC Rosa AL Xavier SP

Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology School of Dentistry

of Ribeiratildeo Preto University of Sao Paulo Ribeiratildeo Preto SP Brazil

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of electro-acupuncture (EAC) on postoperative pain control after mandibular third molar surgery Twenty four young patients (12 male and 12 female) with symmetrically impacted mandibular third molars were selected Each patient was submitted to two separate surgical procedures under local anesthesia At one side extraction was carried out employing both prior (24h) and immediately postoperative application of EAC while on the contralateral side surgery was carried out without any treatment EAC was applied on 6 bilateral systemic and 2 auricular points with a WQ10Dl appliance using 40-60Hz frequency for 20 min and individually adjusted intensity Postoperative pain intensity was rated on a 100 mm visual analog scale (VAS) between 2 and 72 h and recording the amount of analgesics intake after surgery Statistical analysis was performed using theWilcoxon test Postoperative pain VAS scores were significantly lower for the EAC group (plt005) and analgesic intake decreased (plt005) for all evaluated periods (plt005) Under the tested conditions EAC therapy is efficient was proved controlling postoperative pain following mandibular third molar surgical removal

J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2005 Apr33(2)118-22

Acupuncture analgesia and its application in cranio-maxillofacial surgical

procedures Pohodenko-Chudakova IODepartment of Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery Faculty of Stomatology

Belarussian State Medical University Minsk Belarus ip-cyandexru

PATIENTS AND METHODS Acupuncture analgesia was applied in 120 patients In 20 of these surgery was carried out under general anaesthesia in combination with acupuncture analgesia In 100 patients acupuncture analgesia was applied in addition to traditional postoperative analgesia In case of troublesome postoperative pain it was necessary to carry out additional sessions (1-4) of acupuncture stimulation

RESULTS When acupuncture analgesia was used the pulse rate and blood pressure during surgery generally remained stable In the present study serum cortisol was also measured and showed only minor elevation

CONCLUSION Acupuncture analgesia can be a useful adjunct to conventional anaesthesia in maxillofacial surgery

J Orofac Pain 2009 Fall23(4)353-9

Randomized clinical trial of acupuncture for myofascial pain of the jaw muscles Shen YF Younger J Goddard G Mackey S

Department of oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Center for Orofacial Pain University

of California San Francisco San Francisco CA 94143-0768 USA

METHODS Twenty-eight subjects over the age of 18 and diagnosed with chronic myofascial pain of the jaw muscles were randomized to receive real (n = 16) or sham (n = 12) acupuncture

RESULTS Subjects receiving real acupuncture experienced a significant reduction in jaw pain (P = 04) jawface tightness (P = 04) and neck pain (P = 04) and a significant increase in pain tolerance of the masseter muscle (P = 001) Subjects were not able to determine whether they received real or sham acupuncture (P = 69) No significant pain reductions were observed in the sham acupuncture group

CONCLUSION A single acupuncture session using one acupoint at Hegu large intestine 4 significantly reduced most myofascial pain endpoints when compared to sham acupuncture

MIND BODY ARTICLES

Read some other articles

How Mindfulness Meditation Can Help People With Rheumatoid

Arthritis (huffingtonpostcom)

How Meditation Changes Pain Relieves

Depression (psychologytodaycom)

How Meditation Might Relieve Pain (forbescom)

Neural correlates of pain reduction through

meditation (mindblogdericbowndsnet)

Pain Is No Matter for the Meditative Mind (brainbloggercom)

MIND-BODY Pain Relief Research

Reduced disability secondary to back pain improvements on global and physical health and improved pain levels compared to pre-intervention levels

Morone N Weiner D amp Greco C (2005) Randomized trial of mindfulness meditation in older adults for the treatment of chronic low back pain

- 34 of patients gtgt 33 decrease in pain- 12 of patients gtgt 50 decrease in pain - 44 of patients gtgt decreased analgesic use- 28 of patients gtgt discontinued analgesics

The Clinical Use of Mindfulness Meditation for the Self-Regulation of Chronic Pain Kabat-Zinn J Journal of Behavioral Medicine 1985

Many patients needed less pain medication After fifteen months not only did they suffer less pain but because they suffered less pain they also suffered less from depression and anxiety

WE Mehling KA Hamel M Acree N Byl and FM Hecht Randomized controlled trial of breath therapy for patients with chronic low-back pain Altern Ther Health Med 2005 JulndashAug 11(4)44ndash52

Chronic Pain

Acceptance-based interventions such as mindfulness-based stress reduction program and acceptance and commitment therapy are alternative approaches to cognitive behavioral therapy for treating patients wtih chronic pain In this systematic review and meta-analysis twenty-two studies were included totaling 1235 patients with chronic pain The results suggest that a mindfulness-based stress reduction program and acceptance and commitment therapy can be good alternatives to cognitive behavioral therapy More high-quality studies are needed Acceptance-based therapies have small to medium effects on physical and mental health in chronic pain patients comparable to those of cognitive behavioral therapy

Veehof MM Oskam MJ Schreurs KM Bohlmeijer ET Acceptance-based interventions for the treatment of chronic pain a systematic review and meta-analysis Pain 152(3)533-42 2011

Ten studies were included in this review Mindfulness-based interventions showed non-specific effects for the reduction of pain symptoms and the improvement of depressive symptoms in patients with chronic pain There were also some improvements in psychologic measures related to chronic pain including pain coping Further research in larger studies is warranted

Chiesa A Serretti A Mindfulness-based interventions for chronic pain a systematic review of the evidence Journal of Alternative amp Complementary Medicine 17(1) 83-93 2011

Page 30: ACUPUNCTURE AND FACIAL PAIN - Darcy Nat · (Bensoussan 1999, Rosted 1998, Ernst 1998). Controlled trials have shown that ear acupuncture is as effective as intranasal midazolam in

Ann Ital Chir 1995 May-Jun66(3)373-8

[Treatment of trigeminal neuralgia with electroacupuncture Experience with 104

cases]Costantini D Tomasello C Buonopane CE Sances D Marandola M Delogu G

Istituto di Anestesiologia e Rianimazione Universitagrave degli Studi di Roma La

Sapienza

The essential or secondary trigeminal neuralgia is a very frequent and invalidant disease In this forms the medical or surgical conventional therapies are often inadequate In this study we evaluated the effects of the acupunctural therapy on 104 patients (mean age 523 +- 13 years) with idiopathic or secondary trigeminal neuralgia Utilizing cycles of twelve sessions the acupunctural treatment was performed with an electrostimulator on local points and a distance or on aching points in the secondary forms The results was evaluated on the basis of three parameters (reappearance of the symptomatology absence of pain in months and preceding treatments) and was defined using this scale very well well fair and null In conclusion we can say that acupuncture is an elective treatment in all kinds of secondary tregeminalneuralgia while in the idiopathic form its validity is conditioned by preceding medical treatments and by beginning of the disease

Braz Dent J 200718(2)158-62

Electro-acupuncture efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar

surgeryTavares MG Machado AP Motta BG Borsatto MC Rosa AL Xavier SP

Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology School of Dentistry

of Ribeiratildeo Preto University of Sao Paulo Ribeiratildeo Preto SP Brazil

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of electro-acupuncture (EAC) on postoperative pain control after mandibular third molar surgery Twenty four young patients (12 male and 12 female) with symmetrically impacted mandibular third molars were selected Each patient was submitted to two separate surgical procedures under local anesthesia At one side extraction was carried out employing both prior (24h) and immediately postoperative application of EAC while on the contralateral side surgery was carried out without any treatment EAC was applied on 6 bilateral systemic and 2 auricular points with a WQ10Dl appliance using 40-60Hz frequency for 20 min and individually adjusted intensity Postoperative pain intensity was rated on a 100 mm visual analog scale (VAS) between 2 and 72 h and recording the amount of analgesics intake after surgery Statistical analysis was performed using theWilcoxon test Postoperative pain VAS scores were significantly lower for the EAC group (plt005) and analgesic intake decreased (plt005) for all evaluated periods (plt005) Under the tested conditions EAC therapy is efficient was proved controlling postoperative pain following mandibular third molar surgical removal

J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2005 Apr33(2)118-22

Acupuncture analgesia and its application in cranio-maxillofacial surgical

procedures Pohodenko-Chudakova IODepartment of Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery Faculty of Stomatology

Belarussian State Medical University Minsk Belarus ip-cyandexru

PATIENTS AND METHODS Acupuncture analgesia was applied in 120 patients In 20 of these surgery was carried out under general anaesthesia in combination with acupuncture analgesia In 100 patients acupuncture analgesia was applied in addition to traditional postoperative analgesia In case of troublesome postoperative pain it was necessary to carry out additional sessions (1-4) of acupuncture stimulation

RESULTS When acupuncture analgesia was used the pulse rate and blood pressure during surgery generally remained stable In the present study serum cortisol was also measured and showed only minor elevation

CONCLUSION Acupuncture analgesia can be a useful adjunct to conventional anaesthesia in maxillofacial surgery

J Orofac Pain 2009 Fall23(4)353-9

Randomized clinical trial of acupuncture for myofascial pain of the jaw muscles Shen YF Younger J Goddard G Mackey S

Department of oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Center for Orofacial Pain University

of California San Francisco San Francisco CA 94143-0768 USA

METHODS Twenty-eight subjects over the age of 18 and diagnosed with chronic myofascial pain of the jaw muscles were randomized to receive real (n = 16) or sham (n = 12) acupuncture

RESULTS Subjects receiving real acupuncture experienced a significant reduction in jaw pain (P = 04) jawface tightness (P = 04) and neck pain (P = 04) and a significant increase in pain tolerance of the masseter muscle (P = 001) Subjects were not able to determine whether they received real or sham acupuncture (P = 69) No significant pain reductions were observed in the sham acupuncture group

CONCLUSION A single acupuncture session using one acupoint at Hegu large intestine 4 significantly reduced most myofascial pain endpoints when compared to sham acupuncture

MIND BODY ARTICLES

Read some other articles

How Mindfulness Meditation Can Help People With Rheumatoid

Arthritis (huffingtonpostcom)

How Meditation Changes Pain Relieves

Depression (psychologytodaycom)

How Meditation Might Relieve Pain (forbescom)

Neural correlates of pain reduction through

meditation (mindblogdericbowndsnet)

Pain Is No Matter for the Meditative Mind (brainbloggercom)

MIND-BODY Pain Relief Research

Reduced disability secondary to back pain improvements on global and physical health and improved pain levels compared to pre-intervention levels

Morone N Weiner D amp Greco C (2005) Randomized trial of mindfulness meditation in older adults for the treatment of chronic low back pain

- 34 of patients gtgt 33 decrease in pain- 12 of patients gtgt 50 decrease in pain - 44 of patients gtgt decreased analgesic use- 28 of patients gtgt discontinued analgesics

The Clinical Use of Mindfulness Meditation for the Self-Regulation of Chronic Pain Kabat-Zinn J Journal of Behavioral Medicine 1985

Many patients needed less pain medication After fifteen months not only did they suffer less pain but because they suffered less pain they also suffered less from depression and anxiety

WE Mehling KA Hamel M Acree N Byl and FM Hecht Randomized controlled trial of breath therapy for patients with chronic low-back pain Altern Ther Health Med 2005 JulndashAug 11(4)44ndash52

Chronic Pain

Acceptance-based interventions such as mindfulness-based stress reduction program and acceptance and commitment therapy are alternative approaches to cognitive behavioral therapy for treating patients wtih chronic pain In this systematic review and meta-analysis twenty-two studies were included totaling 1235 patients with chronic pain The results suggest that a mindfulness-based stress reduction program and acceptance and commitment therapy can be good alternatives to cognitive behavioral therapy More high-quality studies are needed Acceptance-based therapies have small to medium effects on physical and mental health in chronic pain patients comparable to those of cognitive behavioral therapy

Veehof MM Oskam MJ Schreurs KM Bohlmeijer ET Acceptance-based interventions for the treatment of chronic pain a systematic review and meta-analysis Pain 152(3)533-42 2011

Ten studies were included in this review Mindfulness-based interventions showed non-specific effects for the reduction of pain symptoms and the improvement of depressive symptoms in patients with chronic pain There were also some improvements in psychologic measures related to chronic pain including pain coping Further research in larger studies is warranted

Chiesa A Serretti A Mindfulness-based interventions for chronic pain a systematic review of the evidence Journal of Alternative amp Complementary Medicine 17(1) 83-93 2011

Page 31: ACUPUNCTURE AND FACIAL PAIN - Darcy Nat · (Bensoussan 1999, Rosted 1998, Ernst 1998). Controlled trials have shown that ear acupuncture is as effective as intranasal midazolam in

Braz Dent J 200718(2)158-62

Electro-acupuncture efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar

surgeryTavares MG Machado AP Motta BG Borsatto MC Rosa AL Xavier SP

Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology School of Dentistry

of Ribeiratildeo Preto University of Sao Paulo Ribeiratildeo Preto SP Brazil

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of electro-acupuncture (EAC) on postoperative pain control after mandibular third molar surgery Twenty four young patients (12 male and 12 female) with symmetrically impacted mandibular third molars were selected Each patient was submitted to two separate surgical procedures under local anesthesia At one side extraction was carried out employing both prior (24h) and immediately postoperative application of EAC while on the contralateral side surgery was carried out without any treatment EAC was applied on 6 bilateral systemic and 2 auricular points with a WQ10Dl appliance using 40-60Hz frequency for 20 min and individually adjusted intensity Postoperative pain intensity was rated on a 100 mm visual analog scale (VAS) between 2 and 72 h and recording the amount of analgesics intake after surgery Statistical analysis was performed using theWilcoxon test Postoperative pain VAS scores were significantly lower for the EAC group (plt005) and analgesic intake decreased (plt005) for all evaluated periods (plt005) Under the tested conditions EAC therapy is efficient was proved controlling postoperative pain following mandibular third molar surgical removal

J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2005 Apr33(2)118-22

Acupuncture analgesia and its application in cranio-maxillofacial surgical

procedures Pohodenko-Chudakova IODepartment of Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery Faculty of Stomatology

Belarussian State Medical University Minsk Belarus ip-cyandexru

PATIENTS AND METHODS Acupuncture analgesia was applied in 120 patients In 20 of these surgery was carried out under general anaesthesia in combination with acupuncture analgesia In 100 patients acupuncture analgesia was applied in addition to traditional postoperative analgesia In case of troublesome postoperative pain it was necessary to carry out additional sessions (1-4) of acupuncture stimulation

RESULTS When acupuncture analgesia was used the pulse rate and blood pressure during surgery generally remained stable In the present study serum cortisol was also measured and showed only minor elevation

CONCLUSION Acupuncture analgesia can be a useful adjunct to conventional anaesthesia in maxillofacial surgery

J Orofac Pain 2009 Fall23(4)353-9

Randomized clinical trial of acupuncture for myofascial pain of the jaw muscles Shen YF Younger J Goddard G Mackey S

Department of oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Center for Orofacial Pain University

of California San Francisco San Francisco CA 94143-0768 USA

METHODS Twenty-eight subjects over the age of 18 and diagnosed with chronic myofascial pain of the jaw muscles were randomized to receive real (n = 16) or sham (n = 12) acupuncture

RESULTS Subjects receiving real acupuncture experienced a significant reduction in jaw pain (P = 04) jawface tightness (P = 04) and neck pain (P = 04) and a significant increase in pain tolerance of the masseter muscle (P = 001) Subjects were not able to determine whether they received real or sham acupuncture (P = 69) No significant pain reductions were observed in the sham acupuncture group

CONCLUSION A single acupuncture session using one acupoint at Hegu large intestine 4 significantly reduced most myofascial pain endpoints when compared to sham acupuncture

MIND BODY ARTICLES

Read some other articles

How Mindfulness Meditation Can Help People With Rheumatoid

Arthritis (huffingtonpostcom)

How Meditation Changes Pain Relieves

Depression (psychologytodaycom)

How Meditation Might Relieve Pain (forbescom)

Neural correlates of pain reduction through

meditation (mindblogdericbowndsnet)

Pain Is No Matter for the Meditative Mind (brainbloggercom)

MIND-BODY Pain Relief Research

Reduced disability secondary to back pain improvements on global and physical health and improved pain levels compared to pre-intervention levels

Morone N Weiner D amp Greco C (2005) Randomized trial of mindfulness meditation in older adults for the treatment of chronic low back pain

- 34 of patients gtgt 33 decrease in pain- 12 of patients gtgt 50 decrease in pain - 44 of patients gtgt decreased analgesic use- 28 of patients gtgt discontinued analgesics

The Clinical Use of Mindfulness Meditation for the Self-Regulation of Chronic Pain Kabat-Zinn J Journal of Behavioral Medicine 1985

Many patients needed less pain medication After fifteen months not only did they suffer less pain but because they suffered less pain they also suffered less from depression and anxiety

WE Mehling KA Hamel M Acree N Byl and FM Hecht Randomized controlled trial of breath therapy for patients with chronic low-back pain Altern Ther Health Med 2005 JulndashAug 11(4)44ndash52

Chronic Pain

Acceptance-based interventions such as mindfulness-based stress reduction program and acceptance and commitment therapy are alternative approaches to cognitive behavioral therapy for treating patients wtih chronic pain In this systematic review and meta-analysis twenty-two studies were included totaling 1235 patients with chronic pain The results suggest that a mindfulness-based stress reduction program and acceptance and commitment therapy can be good alternatives to cognitive behavioral therapy More high-quality studies are needed Acceptance-based therapies have small to medium effects on physical and mental health in chronic pain patients comparable to those of cognitive behavioral therapy

Veehof MM Oskam MJ Schreurs KM Bohlmeijer ET Acceptance-based interventions for the treatment of chronic pain a systematic review and meta-analysis Pain 152(3)533-42 2011

Ten studies were included in this review Mindfulness-based interventions showed non-specific effects for the reduction of pain symptoms and the improvement of depressive symptoms in patients with chronic pain There were also some improvements in psychologic measures related to chronic pain including pain coping Further research in larger studies is warranted

Chiesa A Serretti A Mindfulness-based interventions for chronic pain a systematic review of the evidence Journal of Alternative amp Complementary Medicine 17(1) 83-93 2011

Page 32: ACUPUNCTURE AND FACIAL PAIN - Darcy Nat · (Bensoussan 1999, Rosted 1998, Ernst 1998). Controlled trials have shown that ear acupuncture is as effective as intranasal midazolam in

J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2005 Apr33(2)118-22

Acupuncture analgesia and its application in cranio-maxillofacial surgical

procedures Pohodenko-Chudakova IODepartment of Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery Faculty of Stomatology

Belarussian State Medical University Minsk Belarus ip-cyandexru

PATIENTS AND METHODS Acupuncture analgesia was applied in 120 patients In 20 of these surgery was carried out under general anaesthesia in combination with acupuncture analgesia In 100 patients acupuncture analgesia was applied in addition to traditional postoperative analgesia In case of troublesome postoperative pain it was necessary to carry out additional sessions (1-4) of acupuncture stimulation

RESULTS When acupuncture analgesia was used the pulse rate and blood pressure during surgery generally remained stable In the present study serum cortisol was also measured and showed only minor elevation

CONCLUSION Acupuncture analgesia can be a useful adjunct to conventional anaesthesia in maxillofacial surgery

J Orofac Pain 2009 Fall23(4)353-9

Randomized clinical trial of acupuncture for myofascial pain of the jaw muscles Shen YF Younger J Goddard G Mackey S

Department of oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Center for Orofacial Pain University

of California San Francisco San Francisco CA 94143-0768 USA

METHODS Twenty-eight subjects over the age of 18 and diagnosed with chronic myofascial pain of the jaw muscles were randomized to receive real (n = 16) or sham (n = 12) acupuncture

RESULTS Subjects receiving real acupuncture experienced a significant reduction in jaw pain (P = 04) jawface tightness (P = 04) and neck pain (P = 04) and a significant increase in pain tolerance of the masseter muscle (P = 001) Subjects were not able to determine whether they received real or sham acupuncture (P = 69) No significant pain reductions were observed in the sham acupuncture group

CONCLUSION A single acupuncture session using one acupoint at Hegu large intestine 4 significantly reduced most myofascial pain endpoints when compared to sham acupuncture

MIND BODY ARTICLES

Read some other articles

How Mindfulness Meditation Can Help People With Rheumatoid

Arthritis (huffingtonpostcom)

How Meditation Changes Pain Relieves

Depression (psychologytodaycom)

How Meditation Might Relieve Pain (forbescom)

Neural correlates of pain reduction through

meditation (mindblogdericbowndsnet)

Pain Is No Matter for the Meditative Mind (brainbloggercom)

MIND-BODY Pain Relief Research

Reduced disability secondary to back pain improvements on global and physical health and improved pain levels compared to pre-intervention levels

Morone N Weiner D amp Greco C (2005) Randomized trial of mindfulness meditation in older adults for the treatment of chronic low back pain

- 34 of patients gtgt 33 decrease in pain- 12 of patients gtgt 50 decrease in pain - 44 of patients gtgt decreased analgesic use- 28 of patients gtgt discontinued analgesics

The Clinical Use of Mindfulness Meditation for the Self-Regulation of Chronic Pain Kabat-Zinn J Journal of Behavioral Medicine 1985

Many patients needed less pain medication After fifteen months not only did they suffer less pain but because they suffered less pain they also suffered less from depression and anxiety

WE Mehling KA Hamel M Acree N Byl and FM Hecht Randomized controlled trial of breath therapy for patients with chronic low-back pain Altern Ther Health Med 2005 JulndashAug 11(4)44ndash52

Chronic Pain

Acceptance-based interventions such as mindfulness-based stress reduction program and acceptance and commitment therapy are alternative approaches to cognitive behavioral therapy for treating patients wtih chronic pain In this systematic review and meta-analysis twenty-two studies were included totaling 1235 patients with chronic pain The results suggest that a mindfulness-based stress reduction program and acceptance and commitment therapy can be good alternatives to cognitive behavioral therapy More high-quality studies are needed Acceptance-based therapies have small to medium effects on physical and mental health in chronic pain patients comparable to those of cognitive behavioral therapy

Veehof MM Oskam MJ Schreurs KM Bohlmeijer ET Acceptance-based interventions for the treatment of chronic pain a systematic review and meta-analysis Pain 152(3)533-42 2011

Ten studies were included in this review Mindfulness-based interventions showed non-specific effects for the reduction of pain symptoms and the improvement of depressive symptoms in patients with chronic pain There were also some improvements in psychologic measures related to chronic pain including pain coping Further research in larger studies is warranted

Chiesa A Serretti A Mindfulness-based interventions for chronic pain a systematic review of the evidence Journal of Alternative amp Complementary Medicine 17(1) 83-93 2011

Page 33: ACUPUNCTURE AND FACIAL PAIN - Darcy Nat · (Bensoussan 1999, Rosted 1998, Ernst 1998). Controlled trials have shown that ear acupuncture is as effective as intranasal midazolam in

J Orofac Pain 2009 Fall23(4)353-9

Randomized clinical trial of acupuncture for myofascial pain of the jaw muscles Shen YF Younger J Goddard G Mackey S

Department of oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Center for Orofacial Pain University

of California San Francisco San Francisco CA 94143-0768 USA

METHODS Twenty-eight subjects over the age of 18 and diagnosed with chronic myofascial pain of the jaw muscles were randomized to receive real (n = 16) or sham (n = 12) acupuncture

RESULTS Subjects receiving real acupuncture experienced a significant reduction in jaw pain (P = 04) jawface tightness (P = 04) and neck pain (P = 04) and a significant increase in pain tolerance of the masseter muscle (P = 001) Subjects were not able to determine whether they received real or sham acupuncture (P = 69) No significant pain reductions were observed in the sham acupuncture group

CONCLUSION A single acupuncture session using one acupoint at Hegu large intestine 4 significantly reduced most myofascial pain endpoints when compared to sham acupuncture

MIND BODY ARTICLES

Read some other articles

How Mindfulness Meditation Can Help People With Rheumatoid

Arthritis (huffingtonpostcom)

How Meditation Changes Pain Relieves

Depression (psychologytodaycom)

How Meditation Might Relieve Pain (forbescom)

Neural correlates of pain reduction through

meditation (mindblogdericbowndsnet)

Pain Is No Matter for the Meditative Mind (brainbloggercom)

MIND-BODY Pain Relief Research

Reduced disability secondary to back pain improvements on global and physical health and improved pain levels compared to pre-intervention levels

Morone N Weiner D amp Greco C (2005) Randomized trial of mindfulness meditation in older adults for the treatment of chronic low back pain

- 34 of patients gtgt 33 decrease in pain- 12 of patients gtgt 50 decrease in pain - 44 of patients gtgt decreased analgesic use- 28 of patients gtgt discontinued analgesics

The Clinical Use of Mindfulness Meditation for the Self-Regulation of Chronic Pain Kabat-Zinn J Journal of Behavioral Medicine 1985

Many patients needed less pain medication After fifteen months not only did they suffer less pain but because they suffered less pain they also suffered less from depression and anxiety

WE Mehling KA Hamel M Acree N Byl and FM Hecht Randomized controlled trial of breath therapy for patients with chronic low-back pain Altern Ther Health Med 2005 JulndashAug 11(4)44ndash52

Chronic Pain

Acceptance-based interventions such as mindfulness-based stress reduction program and acceptance and commitment therapy are alternative approaches to cognitive behavioral therapy for treating patients wtih chronic pain In this systematic review and meta-analysis twenty-two studies were included totaling 1235 patients with chronic pain The results suggest that a mindfulness-based stress reduction program and acceptance and commitment therapy can be good alternatives to cognitive behavioral therapy More high-quality studies are needed Acceptance-based therapies have small to medium effects on physical and mental health in chronic pain patients comparable to those of cognitive behavioral therapy

Veehof MM Oskam MJ Schreurs KM Bohlmeijer ET Acceptance-based interventions for the treatment of chronic pain a systematic review and meta-analysis Pain 152(3)533-42 2011

Ten studies were included in this review Mindfulness-based interventions showed non-specific effects for the reduction of pain symptoms and the improvement of depressive symptoms in patients with chronic pain There were also some improvements in psychologic measures related to chronic pain including pain coping Further research in larger studies is warranted

Chiesa A Serretti A Mindfulness-based interventions for chronic pain a systematic review of the evidence Journal of Alternative amp Complementary Medicine 17(1) 83-93 2011

Page 34: ACUPUNCTURE AND FACIAL PAIN - Darcy Nat · (Bensoussan 1999, Rosted 1998, Ernst 1998). Controlled trials have shown that ear acupuncture is as effective as intranasal midazolam in

MIND BODY ARTICLES

Read some other articles

How Mindfulness Meditation Can Help People With Rheumatoid

Arthritis (huffingtonpostcom)

How Meditation Changes Pain Relieves

Depression (psychologytodaycom)

How Meditation Might Relieve Pain (forbescom)

Neural correlates of pain reduction through

meditation (mindblogdericbowndsnet)

Pain Is No Matter for the Meditative Mind (brainbloggercom)

MIND-BODY Pain Relief Research

Reduced disability secondary to back pain improvements on global and physical health and improved pain levels compared to pre-intervention levels

Morone N Weiner D amp Greco C (2005) Randomized trial of mindfulness meditation in older adults for the treatment of chronic low back pain

- 34 of patients gtgt 33 decrease in pain- 12 of patients gtgt 50 decrease in pain - 44 of patients gtgt decreased analgesic use- 28 of patients gtgt discontinued analgesics

The Clinical Use of Mindfulness Meditation for the Self-Regulation of Chronic Pain Kabat-Zinn J Journal of Behavioral Medicine 1985

Many patients needed less pain medication After fifteen months not only did they suffer less pain but because they suffered less pain they also suffered less from depression and anxiety

WE Mehling KA Hamel M Acree N Byl and FM Hecht Randomized controlled trial of breath therapy for patients with chronic low-back pain Altern Ther Health Med 2005 JulndashAug 11(4)44ndash52

Chronic Pain

Acceptance-based interventions such as mindfulness-based stress reduction program and acceptance and commitment therapy are alternative approaches to cognitive behavioral therapy for treating patients wtih chronic pain In this systematic review and meta-analysis twenty-two studies were included totaling 1235 patients with chronic pain The results suggest that a mindfulness-based stress reduction program and acceptance and commitment therapy can be good alternatives to cognitive behavioral therapy More high-quality studies are needed Acceptance-based therapies have small to medium effects on physical and mental health in chronic pain patients comparable to those of cognitive behavioral therapy

Veehof MM Oskam MJ Schreurs KM Bohlmeijer ET Acceptance-based interventions for the treatment of chronic pain a systematic review and meta-analysis Pain 152(3)533-42 2011

Ten studies were included in this review Mindfulness-based interventions showed non-specific effects for the reduction of pain symptoms and the improvement of depressive symptoms in patients with chronic pain There were also some improvements in psychologic measures related to chronic pain including pain coping Further research in larger studies is warranted

Chiesa A Serretti A Mindfulness-based interventions for chronic pain a systematic review of the evidence Journal of Alternative amp Complementary Medicine 17(1) 83-93 2011

Page 35: ACUPUNCTURE AND FACIAL PAIN - Darcy Nat · (Bensoussan 1999, Rosted 1998, Ernst 1998). Controlled trials have shown that ear acupuncture is as effective as intranasal midazolam in

MIND-BODY Pain Relief Research

Reduced disability secondary to back pain improvements on global and physical health and improved pain levels compared to pre-intervention levels

Morone N Weiner D amp Greco C (2005) Randomized trial of mindfulness meditation in older adults for the treatment of chronic low back pain

- 34 of patients gtgt 33 decrease in pain- 12 of patients gtgt 50 decrease in pain - 44 of patients gtgt decreased analgesic use- 28 of patients gtgt discontinued analgesics

The Clinical Use of Mindfulness Meditation for the Self-Regulation of Chronic Pain Kabat-Zinn J Journal of Behavioral Medicine 1985

Many patients needed less pain medication After fifteen months not only did they suffer less pain but because they suffered less pain they also suffered less from depression and anxiety

WE Mehling KA Hamel M Acree N Byl and FM Hecht Randomized controlled trial of breath therapy for patients with chronic low-back pain Altern Ther Health Med 2005 JulndashAug 11(4)44ndash52

Chronic Pain

Acceptance-based interventions such as mindfulness-based stress reduction program and acceptance and commitment therapy are alternative approaches to cognitive behavioral therapy for treating patients wtih chronic pain In this systematic review and meta-analysis twenty-two studies were included totaling 1235 patients with chronic pain The results suggest that a mindfulness-based stress reduction program and acceptance and commitment therapy can be good alternatives to cognitive behavioral therapy More high-quality studies are needed Acceptance-based therapies have small to medium effects on physical and mental health in chronic pain patients comparable to those of cognitive behavioral therapy

Veehof MM Oskam MJ Schreurs KM Bohlmeijer ET Acceptance-based interventions for the treatment of chronic pain a systematic review and meta-analysis Pain 152(3)533-42 2011

Ten studies were included in this review Mindfulness-based interventions showed non-specific effects for the reduction of pain symptoms and the improvement of depressive symptoms in patients with chronic pain There were also some improvements in psychologic measures related to chronic pain including pain coping Further research in larger studies is warranted

Chiesa A Serretti A Mindfulness-based interventions for chronic pain a systematic review of the evidence Journal of Alternative amp Complementary Medicine 17(1) 83-93 2011