Activity 4What Do Cells Do?!SEPUP: Cell Biology

CHALLENGE:What are the functions of the structures in cells?

Background InformationBy understanding how the parts of a cell function normally, doctors and scientists can better understand what goes wrong in the cell when an infectious disease occurs and what causes the disease to progress.

Although there are different kinds of cells, there are also key similarities between them.

What are some structures that all cells have in common?Cell membraneGenetic material…DNAProteins

Vocabulary Alert!Organelles- membrane bound structures that carry out specific functions within the cell

Part A: Computer SimulationVisit website http://sepuplhs.org/sgiGo to “What do cells do?” and click on STUDENTS and Activity Links

Scroll down to Cell Biology: World Health & find “Activity 4-What do cells do?”

As you go through the simulation…In your notebook, draw a picture of an animal cell & a plant cell. Be sure to label everything in your picture. GET A STAMP!

Draw the functions table in your NB & fill out. GET A STAMP!

Draw your complete/correct Venn Diagram in your NB. GET A STAMP!

Part B: Comparing CellsRead “Bacterial Cell Structure” on pg. 181As you read, add to the Bacteria column in your chart. GET A STAMP!

In your NB, answer the following questions:

1. List the functions of bacterial cells that antibiotics interfere with.

2. Explain WHY antibiotics are an effective medication to fight bacterial infections.

Answer AQs 1-3 in your NB. GET A STAMP!Psssst! Go back to your 4 Venn diagram from Activity 3. Use your understanding from the simulation and the reading to make changes & additions (IN COLOR). GET A STAMP!

Antibiotics work by disrupting the structure or function of a microbe’s cell parts. For example…

Four Classes of Antibiotics

Antibiotic Class Mode of Action in Bacterial Cells

β-lactams Interfere with cell wall structure

Tetracyclines Interfere with protein synthesis

Quinolones Interfere with the copying of bacterial DNA

Sulphonamides Interfere with the production of an enzyme needed to copy the bacterial DNA

Bacteria & AntibioticsFunctions of bacterial cells that antibiotics interfere with:

Cell wall structure, protein synthesis (ribosome function), copying of DNA (chromosome function), & production of enzymes.

Why are antibiotics an effective medication to fight bacterial infections?

They interfere with the organelle parts that do specific functions within the bacteria cell such as: prevent DNA reproduction, protein synthesis, & production of enzymes.

Function Animal Plant

Synthesis & modification of molecules needed by cells

Nucleus; cytoplasm; endoplasmic reticulum (ER); free ribosomes; Golgi apparatus

Same as animal cell

Storage of substances Small vacuoles; nucleus Large vacuole; nucleus

Transport of materials within, into, & out of cells

Cell membrane, cytoskeleton; vesicle

Same as animal cell

Support for cells Cell membrane; cytoskeleton

Cell membrane, cytoskeleton; cell wall

Convert energy for cells Mitochondria Mitochondria, chloroplast

Break down (digest) cell wastes or microbes

Lysosome Large vacuole

Function Bacteria

Synthesis & modification of molecules needed by cells

Ribosomes; chromosomes

Storage of substances cytoplasm

Transport of materials within, into, & out of cells

Cell membrane; cytoskeleton

Support for cells Cell membrane; cytoskeleton; cell wall

Convert energy for cells Cell membrane

Break down (digest) cell wastes or microbes

cytoplasm

Animal Cell Plant Cell

Analysis Questions

1. Label each of the following cell types as eukaryotic or prokaryotic:

AnimalEukaryotic cellPlantEukaryotic cellBacteriaProkaryotic cell

Analysis Questions Continued2. A. Describe the structures an animal cell

must have for it to produce a protein.DNA (within a nucleus or not), ribosomes

B. Explain how these structures work together to produce a protein.DNA contains the instructions for how to make the protein.

The ribosomes make the protein. They can be free floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the ER.

More Important Vocabulary

BacteriaCell membraneCell wallCilium, ciliaCytoplasmCytoskeletonEndoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Eukaryotic cellFlagellum, flagella

Golgi apparatusLysosomeNucleusOrganelleProkaryotic cellRibosomeVacuolevesicle