acids and bases roselyn dooley, tyler schmidt, kyle doubleday and deondré robinson
TRANSCRIPT
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Acids and BasesRoselyn Dooley, Tyler Schmidt, Kyle Doubleday and Deondré Robinson
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Properties of Acids
-Sour taste
-React with active metals
-Turns litmus paper Red
-React with bases to produce salt and water
-Conduct electricity
-1- 6.9 on pH scale
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Properties of Bases
-Bitter taste
-Slippery feel
-Turns litmus paper blue
-Reacts with acids to produce salt and water
-Conduct electricity
-7.1 - 14 on pH scale
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Binary and Tertiary acids
Binary acid- an acid that contains only two different elements: hydrogen and one of the more electronegative elements.
Tertiary acid- an acid that contains hydrogen oxygen and one more element.
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Theories of Acids and Bases
-Arrhenius
Acid- A substance that dissociates to produce hydrogen ions in water
Base- A substance that dissociates to produce hydroxide ions in water
-Bronsted-Lowry
Acid- Any substance that can donate H+ ions. (A proton donor)
Base- Any substance that can accept H+ ions. (A proton acceptor)
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Theories of Acids and Bases Cont.
-Lewis
Acid- Any substance that can accept a pair of nonbonding electrons. (electron pair acceptor)
Base- Any substance that can donate a pair of nonbonding electrons. (electron pair donor)
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Naming Acids
• Rule #1o If the negative ion in the acid ends in "ide" you name
the acid "Hyrdo (stem) ic acid Ex: HCl (Chloride) would yield Hydrochloric acid
• Rule # 2o If the negative ion in the acid ends in "ite", you name
the acid "(stem)ous acid" Ex: HNO2 (Nitrite) would yield Nitrous Acid
*Use only if there is an oxygen in the chemical formula
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Naming Acids Cont.
• Rule # 3o If the negative ion ends in "ate", you name the acid
"(stem)ic" acid. Ex: HIO4 (Periodate) would yield Periodic acid Note: The stem of Sulfur is Sulfur
• Also the Stem of Phosphor is phosphor
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Name that Acid!
1. HSCN
2. HClO2
3. HClO3
4. HBr
5. H2SO3
6. H3P
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Answers
1. Thiocyanic acid
2. Chlorous acid
3. Chloric acid
4. Hydrobromic acid
5. Sulfurous acid
6. Hydrophosphoric acis
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pH Scale
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Six Strong Acids
• HCl
• HBr
• HI
• HNO3
• H2SO4
• HClO4
o Everything else is considered a weak acid
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Writing Acid-base reactions in aqueous solutions
General Formulas
Strong Acids Weak Acids
HA H+1 + A-1
HCl H+1 + Cl-1
HA +H2O H3O+1 +A-1
HF + H2O H3O+1 + F-1
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Now you try
1. HBr2. H2SO4
3. HCN4. HC2H3O2
Write the acid base reactions in aqueous solutions
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Answers
1. HBr H+1 + Br-1
2. H2SO4 H+1 + SO4-2
3. HCN + H2O H3O+1 + CN-1
4. HC2H3O2 + H2O H3O+1 + C2H3O2-1
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Neutralization Reactions between Acids and Bases
Neutralization- The reaction of hydronium ions and hydroxide ions to form water molecules
Example equation-
HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) NaCl(aq)+ H2O(l)
Note: This is basically just a double displacement reaction
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Now you try
1. HClO4(aq)+ NaOH(aq)
2. HBr(aq) + Ba(OH)2 (aq)
***You might need your pink sheet
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Answers
1. HClO4(aq)+ NaOH(aq) NaClO4(aq)+ H2O(l)
2. 2HBr (aq)+ Ba(OH)2 (aq) BaBr2 (aq) +
2H2O(l)
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Calculate Hydronium and Hydroxide
[H+]=10-pH
ex. [H+]=10-4
[H+]=1 x 10-4 M
1. pH= 2.2
2. pH=3.6
3. pH=8.8
4. pOH=9
[OH-]=10-pOH
ex. [OH-]=10-7.5
[OH-]=3.16 x 10-8 M
1. pOH=7.8
2. pOH=9.3
3. pOH=5.6
4. pH=3
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Hydronium and Hydroxide Answers
1. [H+]= .0063 M
2. [H+]= 2.51 x 10-4 M
3. [H+]= 1.58 x 10-9 M
4. [H+]= 1 x 10-9 M
1. [OH-]= 1.58 x 10-8 M
2. [OH-]= 5.01 x 10-10 M
3. [OH-]= 2.51 x 10-6 M
4. [OH-]= .001 M
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Calculate pH and pOHpH=-log[H+]
ex. pH=-log[2.33 x 10-9 M]
pH=8.63
1. [H+]=7.24 x 10-5 M
2. [H+]=6.32 x 10-2 M
3. [OH-]=2.26 x 10-8 M
4. [H+]=4.54 x 10-3 M
pOH=-log[OH-]
ex. pOH=-log[7.65 x 10-3 M]
pOH=2.12
1. [OH-]=5.58 x 10-4 M
2. [OH-]=3.67 x 10-8 M
3. [OH-]=2.77 x 10-2 M
4. [H+]=4.49 x 10-7 M
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pH and pOH Answers
1. pH= 4.14
2. pH= 1.2
3. pH= 6.35
4. pH= 2.34
1. pOH= 3.25
2. pOH= 7.43
3. pOH= 1.56
4. pOH= 7.65
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Titration
The controlled addition and measurement of the amount of a solution of known concentration required to react completely with a measured amount of a solution of unknown concentration.
Once the two solutions are chemically equivalent, the solution has reached the equivalence point.
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Titration
Essentially, you add an acid of known molarity (concentration) to a base of unknown molarity in measured amounts to find the unknown, or vice versa.
Once at the equivalence point, the unknown concentration can be calculated using known concentration and volumes.
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Walkthrough Problem
500 mL of .5 M HF titrates with 635 mL NaOH.
1) Balance the equation:
HF + NaOH NaF + H2O
2) Choose method: M1V1 = M2V2 or conversions
3) (.5M) (.500 L) = (x M) (.635 L)
4) .5 M (.500 L)
.635 L
5) .4 M NaOH
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Titration Calculations
Ex 1) 25 mL of .3M HCl reaches an equivalence point with 75 mL of NaOH. What is the molarity of the NaOH?
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Titration Calculations
1) Balance the equation:
HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O
2) Because the mole ratios are equal (1:1), we can use the formula M1V1 = M2V2
3) (.3M) (.025 L) = (x M) (.075 L)
4) .3 M (.025 L)
.075 L
5) .1 M NaOH
= x M
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Titration Calculations
Ex 2) 550 mL of H2SO4 of unknown concentration reaches an equivalence point with 775 mL of 2.0 M NaOH. What is the concentration of the H2SO4.
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Titration Calculations
1) Balance the equation:
H2SO4 + 2NaOH Na2SO4 + 2H2O
2) Because the mole ratios are not equal (1:2), we must use conversion factors.
3) 2.0 M NaOH = (x) mols NaOH
.775 L NaOH
4) 1.55 mols NaOH x 1 mol H2SO4 = .755 mols H2SO4
2 mols NaOH
5) .755 mols H2SO4 = 1.4 M H2SO4
.550 L H2SO4
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Questions for us
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Sourceshttp://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.dartmouth.edu/~chemlab/techniques/graphics/titration/titration10.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.dartmouth.edu/~chemlab/techniques/titration.html&h=263&w=190&sz=32&tbnid=ZR_ZcE0XRTe1TM:&tbnh=90&tbnw=65&zoom=1&usg=__Lx_UdDHNNq5SJQMUUATJ_Hg7nCc=&docid=8iiaXS9UV6QRhM&sa=X&ei=gF6tUfDeDtCJ0QHFg4DgCA&sqi=2&ved=0CF4Q9QEwBg&dur=155
http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/184ph.html
http://copernicusconsulting.net/designers-are-not-researchers-the-difference-between-design-and-social-research/
http://www.thechemicalblog.co.uk/what-is-a-titration/
http://dl.clackamas.edu/ch104-04/double.htm
http://www.pc.maricopa.edu/data/GlobalFiles/file/chemistry/lee/Double%20displacement%20reaction.pdf
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=bZiz86EUg2v9FM&tbnid=h7bsJowJO9PdSM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fthepickledhedgehog.com%2F2012%2F02%2F21%2Fscience-life%2F&ei=Rl-tUYjpM8aw0AGWpoCQAw&bvm=bv.47244034,d.dmQ&psig=AFQjCNH5PX-KRxbEbTHb1ihQtytljDNj1Q&ust=1370403008833830