accelerated fat cell aging links oxidative stress and insulin resistance in adipocytes
TRANSCRIPT
Accelerated fat cell aging links oxidative
stress and insulin resistance in adipocytes
Finny Monickaraj, Sankaramoorthy Aravind, Pichamoorthy Nandhini,
Paramasivam Prabu, Chandrakumar Sathishkumar, Viswanathan Mohan and Muthuswamy Balasubramanyam
Natalia Perilla HernándezSalomé Rave Diosa
Third semester of medicineMolecular Biology
INTRODUCTION
Recent studies have shown the importance of fat tissue in telomere shortening and its relationship with obessity and type 2 diabetes. This study was made inducing oxidative stress in 3T3-L1 adipocytes to test shortened telomeres, senescence and functional impairment. This adipocytes showed ROS, DNA damage, mRNA and protein expression of senescence and pro-inflamatory markers, telomere length and glucose uptake.The researchers wanted to study adipocytes rather than white blood cells due to its reflection on target tissues.
Become from fibroblasts, stores lipids such as triglyceride and cholesteryl ester, as an energetic reserve.
There are two types:
•White: one fat vesicle. Stores lipids as a long term energetic reserve.
•Brown: multiple vesicles. Produces heat.
ADIPOCYTES
OXIDATIVE STRESS
Appears when there are unpaired reactive oxygen species (ROS) that generates free radicals and hydrogen peroxide which damages the cellular components including proteins, lipids and DNA.This damage lowers the ATP levels leading to an uncontrolled apoptosys that releases cytotoxic components.
INSULIN RESISTANCE
Its a genetic or acquired cell inability to uptake insulin-dependent glucose in tissues such as liver, muscle and fat. It leads to hyperglycemia and disminished glucose uptake if is not treated. Some risk factors are obesity and low physical activity.
ADIPOCYTE
OBJECTIVE
•Determine how oxidative stress and accelerated senescence impacts fat tissue function and how this, in turn, leads to age-related diseases.
MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS
•DMEM• IBMX, insulina, dexametasona y FBS Cultivo
•H2O2 - medio sin suero •H2O2 - glucosa oxidasa•ADMA•HG-LG
Tratamiento de células e inducción de estrés oxidativo
•PBSTinción β galactosidasa asociada a senectud
(SA – β-gal)
•Tinción DCF-DA•HEPES•PMA ROSMedición ROS
•PBS – agarosa – extendido – lisis – electroforesis – neutralización – tinción – microscopio.
Ensayo cometa
MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS
• DNA genómico – amplificación PCR – relación T/S.
Medición telómeros RT - PCR
• cDNA – amplificación PCR – β actina.Cuantificación mRNA RT-PCR
• PBS – RIPA – Nano drop – SDS PAGE – Western blot – Ac – β actina.
Extracción de proteínas y Western
blot
• KRH – insulina – KRH – DOG – PBS – SDS – conteo. Captación 2 – DOG
MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS
MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS
ABI 7000
MATERIALES Y MÉTODOSW
E S T E R N
B L O T
RESULTADOS
RESULTADOS
RESULTADOS
Morley. 2008
“In fact, diabetes mellitus has recently been considered as a cause of accelerated aging”.
Monickaraj agrees
Tchkonia et al. 2010
“Despite the fact that senescence in adipocytes could have profound clinical consequences because of the large size of the fat organ and its central metabolic role, there are only very few studies that have looked at the senescence mechanisms in adipocytes”.
Monickaraj agrees
Beliveau and Yaswen. 2007
“In fact, ectopic expression of hTERT was shown to reduce the p53-dependent cellular stress responses”.
Monickaraj agrees
Campisi.2005
Minamino and Komuro.2007
“Senescent cells are known to secrete molecules that can alter the local microenvironment, such as pro – inflammatory cytokines”.
Monickaraj agrees
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSIONS
•Adipocytes subjected to glucose levels oscillation causes a hyperactivation of p53 which is associated with insulin resistance, pro-inflamatory effects and premature cell-aging.
•Adipocytes exposed to oxidative stress showed increased cellular aging due to the following:
• Telomere shortening• Increased expression of mRNA of p53 and p21• Decreased adiponectin expression.
CONCLUSIONS
• The oxidative stress cause a increased secretion of IL6, TNFa and decreased secretion of adiponectin and that woul be reflected in insulin resistance.
• Type 2 diabetes and obesity induce oxidative stress which causes a shortened telomeres, aging and functional impairment
CONCEPTUAL MAP NATALIA
Obesity and type 2 diabetes
Insuline resistance
• Shortened telomeres
• Functional impairment
AgingOxidative stress
ApoptosisIncrease TNFa, IL6
ROS
Hyperglycemia
Dcreasedadiponectin
Damage of:
DNAPROTEIN
LIPIDS
Increase p53
Increase p21
Pro-inflamatory cytokines
Induced:H202, HG-LG,
ADMA,GONATALIA
CONCEPTUAL MAP
SALOME
GRACIASTHANKS