What’s the Turkish Literature ?

About Turkish Literature : -Literature is a telling style.Can be called telling your emotions strongly.

-Turkish literature,comprises both oral compositions and written texts in the Turkish language, either in its Ottoman form or in less exclusively literary forms, such as that spoken in the Republic of Turkey today. -To any text needs to be artistic for being a Literature.For the understanding literature you need to put the different ways for it.

We can seperate kinds like this – ‘’Nazım’’ ‘’Nesir’’.

NazımPoem-Legend-Lament-Masnavi

NesirNovel-Story-Tale-Theater-Experiment-Article-Biography-Autobiography-Review-Memory-Comedy-Literary Epic-Chatting

Nesir is a text art and Nazım is kind of poem.

KINDSOF

LITERATURES

IMPORTANT PERSONS OF TURKISH LITERATURE

Mehmet Akif Ersoy : The Great Person of Turkish History. Mehmet Akif Ersoy was a Turkish poet, author, academic, member of parliament, and the poet of the Turkish National Anthem.

The İstiklal Marsi (Independence March) is the Turkish National Anthem, officially adopted on 12 March 1921 - two and a half years before the 29 October 1923 establishment of the Republic of Turkey, both as a motivational musical saga for the troops fighting in the Turkish War of Independence, and as an anthem for a Republic that was yet to be established.

WORKS OF MEHMET AKIF ERSOYSafahat

On Kastamonu Chair

Verse and Hadith From Koran

Articles of Mehmet Akif Ersoy

TURKISH Independence March

Fear not! For the red flag that proudly ripples in this glorious twilight, shall never fade, Before the last fiery hearth that is ablaze within my nation is extinguished. For That is the star of my nation, and it will forever shine; It is mine; and solely belongs to my valiant nation. Frown not, I beseech you, oh thou coy crescent, But smile upon my heroic race! Why the anger, why the rage? Our blood we shed for you will not be worthy otherwise; For freedom is the absolute right of my God-worshipping nation

I have been free from eternity and forever will be so What madman shall put me in chains! I defy the very idea! I’m like the roaring flood; I’ll run over my embankment and overflow, I’ll tear apart mountains, exceed the offings and still gush out!

The horizons of the West may be armored with walls of steel,But I have borders guarded by the mighty chest full of faithRecognize your innate strength (also interpreted as “Let it howl”)! Never fear how can this fiery faith ever be killed,By that battered, single-fanged monster so-called “civilization”? (a symbol referring to the better-armed military forces of the invading European nations that had been greatly reduced by severe Turkish opposition - see Turkish War of Independence )

My friend! Leave not my homeland to the hands of villainous men!Render your body shield, so that this disgraceful rush shall stop!For soon shall come the promised days, by God (also interpreted as “the promised days, which you deserve)…Who knows? Perhaps tomorrow? Perhaps even sooner!

View not the soil you tread on as mere earth, recognize it!And think about the shroudless thousands who lie so nobly beneath itYou’re the noble son of a martyr, hurt not your ancestor, that will be shame on you!Unhand not this heavenly homeland, even when you’re given worlds.

What man would not die for this heavenly piece of land?Martyrs would gush out were one to just squeeze the soil! Martyrs!May God take my life, my beloved and all my possessions from me if He will,But may He not deprive me of my one true homeland for the world

Oh glorious God, the sole wish of my pain-stricken heart is that,No extrinsic hand should ever touch the bosom of my sacred templeThese adhans, shahadahs of which are the base of my religion,May them resound over my eternal homeland

For only then, shall my tombstone -if there is one- lay its forehead on the earth (like in salah) a thousand times in ecstasy,And, o God, my bloody tears shall gush out of my every wound,And precisely so shall my corpse gush out from the earth like an eternal spirit,And perhaps only then, shall my head rise and at long last reach the heavens

So flap and wave like the bright dawning sky, oh thou glorious crescent,So that our every last drop of blood may finally be worthy!Neither you nor my nation shall ever be annihilated!For freedom is the absolute right of my ever-free flag;For freedom is the absolute right of my God-worshipping nation!

HALİDE EDİP ADIVAR : Halide EdIp Adıvar was a Turkish novelist and feminist political leader. She was best known for her novels criticizing the low social status of Turkish women and what she saw as the lack of interest of most women in changing their situation.

Halide Edip was born in Istanbul (Constantinople).Her father was a secretary of the Ottoman Sultan Abdulhamid II. Edip was educated at home by private tutors from whom she learned European and Ottoman literature, religion, philosophy, sociology, piano, English, French, and Arabic. She learned Greek from her neighbors and from briefly attending a Greek school in Constantinople. She attended the American College for Girls briefly in 1893. In 1897, she translated Mother by Jacob Abbott, for which the sultan awarded her the Order of Charity.She attended the American College again from 1899 to 1901, when she graduated. Her father's house was a center of intellectual activity in Constantinople and even as a child Halide Edip participated in the intellectual life of the city.

Common themes in Halide Edip’s novels were strong, independent female characters who succeeded in reaching their goals against strong opposition. She was also a strong Turkish nationalist, and several stories highlighted the central role of women in the fight for Turkish Independence.

About Her Literatures

Mayor WORKS OF HalIde EdIp ADIVAR

Seviye Talip (1910).Mevut Hükümler (1918).Yeni Turan(1912)Son Eseri (1919).Ateşten Gömlek(1922; translated into English as The Daughter of Smyrna or The Shirt of Flame).Çıkan Kuri(1922).Kalb Ağrısı (1924).Vurun Kahpeye(1926).The Memoirs of Halide Edib, New York-London: The Century, 1926 (published in English).The Turkish Ordeal, New York-London: The Century, 1928 (memoir, published in English).Zeyno’nun Oğlu(1928).Turkey Faces West, New Haven-London: Yale University Press/Oxford University Press, 1930.The Clown and His Daughter (first published in English in 1935 and in Turkish as Sinekli Bakkal in 1936).Türkün Ateşle İmtihanı (memoir, published in 1962; translated into English as House with Wisteria).

Nazım Hikmet Ran : Commonly known as ‘’Nazım Hikmet’’. He was a Turkish poet, playwright, novelist and memoirist. He was acclaimed for the "lyrical flow of his statements".Described as a "romantic communist’’ and "romantic revolutionary", he was repeatedly arrested for his political beliefs and spent much of his adult life in prison or in exile. His poetry has been translated into more than fifty languages.

Nazım was born on January 17, 1902, in Selanik, the westernmost metropolis of the Ottoman Empire (today Thessaloniki in Greece), where his father served as a government official. He attended the Taşmektep Primary School in the Göztepe district of Constantinople [its name was Constantinople at that time, until it was renamed as Istanbul in 1930 as part of Atatürk's national reforms[, and later enrolled in the junior high school section of the prestigious Galatasaray Lisesi in the Beyoğlu district, where he began to learn French; but in 1913 he was transferred to the Numune Mektebi in the Nişantaşı district. In 1918 he graduated from the Turkish Naval Academy in Heybeliada, one of the Princes' Islands located in the Sea of Marmara, to the southeast of Constantinople. His school days coincided with a period of political upheaval as the Ottoman government entered the First World War allying itself with Germany. For a brief period he was assigned as a naval officer to the Ottoman Navy cruiser Hamidiye, but in 1919 he became seriously ill, and not being able to fully recover, was exempted from naval service in 1920.In 1921, together with his friends Vala Nurettin (Va-Nu), Yusuf Ziya Ortaç and Faruk Nafiz Çamlıbel, he went to İnebolu in Anatolia in order to join the Turkish War of Independence ; from there he (together with Vala Nurettin) walked to Ankara, where the Turkish liberation movement was headquartered. In Ankara they were introduced to Mustafa Kemal Pasha (Atatürk) who wanted the two friends to write a poem that would invite and inspire the Turkish volunteers in Constantinople and elsewhere to join their struggle. This poem was much appreciated, and Muhittin Bey (Birgen) decided to appoint them as teachers to the Sultani (high school) in Bolu, rather than sending them to the front as soldiers. However, their communist views were not appreciated by the conservative officials in Bolu, and the two decided to go to Batumi in the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic to experience in first person the results of the Russian Revolution of 1917, arriving there on September 30, 1921. In July 1922 the two friends went to Moscow, where Hikmet studied Economics and Sociology at the Communist University of the Toilers of the East in the early 1920s. There, he was influenced by the artistic experiments of Vladimir Mayakovsky and Vsevelod Meyerhold, as well as the ideological vision of Lenin.

Invitation

Galloping from The Far Eastreaching to the Mediterranean like a mare headThis land is ours.

Wrists in blood, teeth clenched, feet bareand like a silk carpet this land,this hell, this heaven is ours.

Let the alien doors be closed, let them not open again,abolish man's servitude to man,this invitation is ours.

To live like a tree in solitude and freeand like a forest in solidarity,this yearning is ours.

Nazım Hikmet (1902–1963)

A POEM FROM NAZIM HIKMET

Resat Nuri Güntekin : Reşat Nuri Güntekin was a Turkish novelist, storywriter and playwright. His novel, Çalıkuşu ("The Wren", 1922) is about the destiny of a young Turkish female teacher in Anatolia; the movie was filmed on this book in 1966, and remade as TV series in 1986. His narrative has a detailed and precise style, with a realistic tone. His other significant novels include Yeşil Gece ("Green Night") and Yaprak Dökümü ("The Fall Of Leaves")

His father was a medical doctor Doktor Nuri Bey.Reşat Nuri attended primary school in Çanakkale, the Çanakkale Secondary School and the İzmir School of Erenes. He graduated from Istanbul University, Faculty of Literature in 1912. He worked as a teacher and administrator at high schools in Bursa and Istanbul, he taught literature, French and philosophy; then he worked as an inspector at the Ministry of National Education (1931). He served as the deputy of Çanakkale between 1933 and 1943 in the Turkish Parliament, the chief inspector at the Ministry of National Education (1947), and a cultural attaché to Paris (1950), when he was also the Turkish representative to UNESCO.After his retirement, he served at the literary board of the Istanbul Municipal Theatres. He died in London, where he had gone to be treated for his lung cancer. He is buried at the Karacaahmet Cemetery in İstanbul

Works Of Nesat Nuri GuntekinStoriesRecm, Gençlik ve Güzellik (1919)Roçild Bey (1919)Eski Ahbab (Without known time)Tanrı Misafiri (1927)Sönmüş Yıldızlar (1928)Leylâ ile Mecnun (1928)Olağan İşler (1930)

NovelsÇalıkuşu (1922) (The Wren - translated as: "The Autobiography Of A Turkish Girl")Gizli El (1924)Damga (1924)Dudaktan Kalbe (1923) (From The Lip To The Heart)Akşam Güneşi (1926) (Afternoon Sun)Bir Kadın Düşmanı (1927)Yeşil Gece (1928) (The Green Night)Acımak (1928) (To Pity)Eski Hastalık (1938) (That Old Sickness)Yaprak Dökümü (1939) (The Fall of Leaves)Değirmen (1944) (The Mill)Kızılcık Dalları (1944)Miskinler Tekkesi (1946)Harabelerin Çiçeği (1953)Kavak Yelleri (1961)Son Sığınak (1961) (The Last Shelter)Ateş Gecesi (1953) (The Night Of Fire)

Cahit Sıtkı Tarancı : Cahit Sıtkı Tarancı (born Hüseyin Cahit on October 4, 1910 – October 13, 1956) Turkish poet and author.

Biography : Tarancı belonged to a well known clan family of Diyarbakır (present day: Diyarbakır) like his father Pirinccizade Bekir Sıdkı and his uncle Pirncccizade Aziz Feyzi. Tarancı finished his secondary education in St. Joseph High School, then graduated from Galatasaray Lisesi in Istanbul. After Tarancı finished high school, he continued his education in the School of Political Sciences in Istanbul between the years 1931 and 1935. Then he left for Paris,to study in the Instut d’Etudes Politiques de Paris, but he had to return to Turkey without completing his education in the wake of World War II in 1940.From 1944 on, he worked as a translator in the state-owned news agency Anatolian Agency, the Turkish Grain Board (TMO) and the Ministry of Labor.In 1951, he married Cavidan Tınaz. Following a severe illness in 1954, he became paralyzed. As the treatment of his health problem did not succeed in Turkey, he was taken to Vienna, Austria. He died on October 13, 1956 in a hospital there. His body was brought to Turkey and was laid to rest at the Cebeci Asri Cemetery in Ankara.

Poems Of Cahit Sıtkı TarancıAbbasAffet Bizi LambaAkrostişAşk İleBir ŞeyBir Ölünün AğzındanBiz Nerdeyiz Sevgilim?Bugün CumaÇocuklukDesem kiDeğişikDüşten GüzelGün Eksilmesin PenceremdenHepimize DairKar ve HatıralarKorkunç GüzelMemleket İsterimMisafirNüOtuz Beş Yaş ŞiiriÖlümden SonraÖmrümde Sükut

A POEM FROM CAHIT SITKI TARANCII WANT A COUNTRY

I want a country

Let the sky be blue,the bough green,the cornfield yellow,

Let it be a land of birds and flowers

I want a country

Let there be no pain in the head, no yearning in the heart

Let there be an end to brothers' quarrels

I want a country

Let there be no rich and poor, no you and me

On winter days let everyone have hose and home

I want a country

Let living be like loving from the heart

If there must be complaint, let it be of death

Can Yucel : Can Yücel (1926, İstanbul - 1999 Datça) was a Turkish poet noted for his use of colloquial language

Biography : Can Yucel was the son of a former Minister of National Education, Hasan Ali Yücel who left his mark on the history of education in Turkey, and a grandchild of an Ottoman sea captain who perished with the frigate Ertuğrul. He studied Latin and Ancient Greek at Ankara University and Cambridge. He later worked as a translator at several embassies and in the Turkish language section of the BBC in London. After his return to Turkey in 1958, he briefly worked as a tourist guide in Bodrum and Marmaris, and then lived in Istanbul where he worked as a freelance translator and started writing poetry.In his later years, he settled in the remote peninsular town of Datça in southwestern Turkey. He died in İzmir in 1999 and is buried in Datça. His tomb is much visited. He had two daughters, Güzel and Su, and a son, Hasan, from his marriage to Güler Yücel

Yazma (1950)Her Boydan (1959, Çeviri Şiirler)Sevgi Duvarı (1973)BağlanmayacaksınBir Siyasinin Şiirleri (1974)Ölüm ve Oğlum (1976)Şiir Alayı (1981, ilk dört şiir kitabı)Rengâhenk (1982)Gökyokuş (1984)Beşibiyerde (1985, ilk beş şiir kitabı)Canfeda (1985)Çok Bi Çocuk (1988)Kısa Devre (1990)Kuzgunun Yavrusu (1990)Gece Vardiyası Albümü (1991)Güle Güle-Seslerin Sessizliği (1993)Gezintiler (1994)Maaile (1995)Seke Seke (1997)Alavara (1999)Mekânım Datça Olsun (1999)En Uzak MesafeBenim Adım Firuzansa Ne OlayımCazcı firuzan (1997)Hotuhların dramıBilmelisin kiBiraz alıştımKadın dediğinBördübet'ten Sedir Adası'na

POEMS OF CAN YUCEL

A POEM FROM CAN YUCELAssume We Never SeparatedAssume we never separated I am still longing for you Your magic is still in my eyes I feel as if we are always together You and I, and the world...

ZIYA GOKALP : Ziya Gökalp was born Mehmed Ziya; March 23, 1876, Çermik, Diyarbakır Province - October 25, 1924, Istanbul) was a Turkish sociologist, writer, poet, and political activist. In 1908, after the Young Turk revolution, he adopted the pen name Gökalp ("sky hero"), which he retained for the rest of his life. As a sociologist, Ziya Gökalp was influential in the overhaul of religious perceptions and evolving of Turkish nationalism

Gökalp’s work was particularly influential in shaping the reforms of Kemal Atatürk; his influence figured prominently in the development of Kemalism, and its legacy in the modern Republic of Turkey. Influenced by contemporary European thought, Gökalp rejected Ottomanism and Islamism in favor of Turkish nationalism. He advocated a Turkification of the Ottoman Empire, by imposing the Turkish language and culture onto all the citizenry. His thought, which popularized Pan-Turkism and Turanism, has been described as a "cult of nationalism and modernization". His nationalist ideals espoused a de-identification with Ottoman Turkey's Muslim neighbors, in lieu of a supernational Turkish (or pan-Turkic) identity with "a territorial Northeast-orientation [to] Turkish speaking peoples".

Works of Ziya GökalpPrinciples of TurkismHistory of Turkish CivilizationKızılelma (poems)Turkism, Islamism and ModernismHistory of Kurdish Tribes (Kürt Aşiretleri Hakkında Sosyolojik Tetkikler)

A POEM FROM ZİYA GOKALPTo The WindOh wind,wind where to

Flapping your invisible wing

While you coming down on a stream

you can hear surely

My heart’s cry

If you ever pass trough Istanbul

Scatter a sweet breeze on my land

Go and greet my home

Take kisses from me

To my dearest daughters !