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COLLEGE OF NURSING

NATIONAL HOSPITAL DHA LAHORE .CARDIOMYOPATHY

SESSION 2013

Presented to

Mrs. Zahida Zahoor 

Presented by 

 ABIDA NASREEN

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BY 

 ABIDA NASREEN 

CARDIOMYOPATHY 

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CONTENTS OF MY TOPIC1. Objectives2. Introduction

3.  Anatomy & physiology of the organ (Heart)

4. Definition of my topic CARDIOMYOPATHY and itstypes.

5. Pathophysiology of Cardiomyopathy.

6. Causes of Cardiomyopathy & its symptoms.

7. Diagnostic Procedures

8. Medical treatments

9. Nursing care10. Summary

11. References

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OBJECTIVES 

 At the end of my presentation we will be able to:

1. Understand what is Cardiomyopathy?

2. Differentiate types of Cardiomyopathy.

3. Identify the causes of Cardiomyopathy.4. Enumerate the symptoms of Cardiomyopathy.

5. Familiarized diagnostic Procedure of Cardiomyopathy.

6. Gain knowledge about the treatment of 

Cardiomyopathy.7. Develop idea regarding Nursing care of 

Cardiomyopathy 

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INTRODUCTION

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 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY OF THE

HEART

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What is Cardiomyopathy?

Cardiomyopathy is a condition where the heartmuscles become enlarged. These enlarged

muscles turn thick and rigid. Thus, forming a scar 

tissue and affecting the pumping action of the

heart. This causes the heart to become weak anddevelop abnormal electrical rhythm. The

abnormality leads to arrhythmia and heart failure.

Thiene, G et al. (1996). "Cardiology Essentials in

Clinical Practice" 

http://en.wikipedia.org/ 

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Cardiomyopathy (literally "heart muscle disease")is the measurable deterioration of the function of 

the myocardium (the heart muscle) for any

reason, usually leading to heart failure.

Kasper, Denis Lh. et al. (2005). Harrison's

Principles of Internal Medicine, 16th edn.

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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

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Types of Cardiomyopathy

There are basically three types of cardiomyopathy.These include:

Dilated cardiomyopathy

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Restrictive cardiomyopathy

Contd….

 

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Dilated Cardiomyopathy 

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Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) 

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Restrictive Cardiomyopathy 

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Causes of Cardiomyopathy   High blood pressure  Metabolic disorders like diabetes, thyroid problems

Heart tissue damage

Heart valve abnormalities

Drinking excessive alcohol Hemochromatosis

Complications during pregnancy 

Toxins in the body like cobalt

Use of drugs like cocaine Connective tissue disorders

Sarcoidosis

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Symptoms of Cardiomyopathy

Chest pain

Breathlessness

Bloating

Swelling of the legs, ankles Irregular heartbeats

Fatigue

Heart murmur 

Fainting and dizziness spells

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Diagnostic Procedure of 

Cardiomyopathy

Chest X-ray

 An echocardiogram

Electrocardiogram

Coronary angiogram, and Cardiac MRI

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Treatment for Cardiomyopathy 

The treatment differs according to the condition that affects theheart.In case of dilated cardiomyopathy, medications given include

 Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors,

Beta blockers, diuretics.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathies are treated with calcium

channel blockers & beta blockers.

Other than medications, there are various surgeries that involve:

placement of defibrillators,

pacemakers,

valve replacement,septal myectomy.

In severe cases, the patient may be recommended a hearttransplant. 

NURSING CARE IN PATIENTS

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NURSING CARE IN PATIENTS

WITH CARDIOMYOPATHY

 Assessment:Respiratory: shortness of breath, sleep half sitting, use lots of pillows, cough with no sputum,breath Crekles, Ronky (+), history of chronic lung

disease, use breathing aids.

Neuro Sensory: weakness, dizziness, fainting,disorientation, behavioral changes, irritability.

Social interactions: decreased participation insocial activities.

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NURSING DIAGNOSIS

1. Decrease in cardiac output associated withmyocardial muscle damage.

2.Activity intolerance related to decreased cardiac

output.

3. Lack of knowledge related to lack of information.

4. Impaired gas exchange associated with

congestive polmunal.

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NURSING GOAL/INTERVENTION

GOAL: Reduce the burden of heart.Criteria: Vital sign within normal limits, free from the

symptoms of heart failure, decreased dyspnea.INTERVENTION1. Auscultation apical pulseRATIONAL: assess the frequency, heart rhythm.

INTERVENTION2. Record heart sounds, peripheral pulse

palpation, blood pressure monitor.3. Assess against pale skin, and cyanosis.4. Provide supplemental oxygen as indicated.5. Elevate the legs, avoid skin pressure on the

kneeEVALUATION:

1. Patients can perform their daily activities.2.Can participate in activities, to meet its own

needs, vital sign during activity is within normal range.

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Summary

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References

1. Kasper, Denis Lh. et al. (2005). Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 16th edn. McGraw-Hill. ISBN  0-07-139140-1.

2. Cardiopulmonary Pharmacology for Respiratory Care,Jahangir Moini, Ch.2; page 24

3. http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-

topics/topics/cm/types.html  4. Gabriel A. Adelmann; McKenna, W; Bristow, M; Maisch, B;

Mautner, B; O'Connell, J; Olsen, E; Thiene, G et al.(1996). "Cardiology Essentials in Clinical Practice" .Circulation 93 (5). pp. 841 –2. doi :10.1161/01.CIR.93.5.841. PMID 8598070 . Retrieved 

11he 1995 World Health Organization/International Society and Federation of Cardiology Task Force on the Definition and Classification of cardiomyopathies.

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