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Rationale of the study:

Like most other developing countries, the economy of Bangladeshis highly dependent onagricultural activities. Like many other third-world countries, Bangladesh relies quite heavily onexports to provide for the needs of its densely populated nation. The same products sold locallywill generally fetch a much lower price than they would on the international market. This meansthat it is far more profitable for the country to engage in exportation than it is to engage in localtrade. While this may mean that a large percentage of the countries GDP is sent off abroad asBangladesh exports instead of being enjoyed by the countrys own people, it also allows for asteady influx of foreigncurrency.

Currently Bangladeshs main export items are garments,juteand jute-related goods, leather,frozen fish and seafood. Just three years ago the country made over $2,000 billion from exporttrade. The majority of the countrys trade is conducted with the USA but a small portion ofexports also sees its way to Germany, the UK, France and Italy. However these figures shouldnot mislead you into thinking that the country is well-off. As one of the poorest and most denselypopulated countries in the world, the majority of these profits will generally make their way intothe pockets of a few wealthy while the rest will be thinly spread out amongst those involved inthe production of these goods. To add to this, the countryseconomydepends on an erraticmonsoon cycle as well as drought and flooding which makes regular harvesting difficult.

Besides theseBangladesh exports, the country is also engaged in the production of rice, tea,sugar wheat, ship scrap metal,textiles, fertilizer, pharmaceuticals, ceramic tableware andnewsprint. Though yields can at times be quite high, the country still faces widespread povertyand it is struggling to free itself from this. Some progress has been made, but there are still manypeople living below the breadline in Bangladesh.

Objectives of the study:

The study is mainly focused to get some insight about different aspects of international financial

management. To be more specific:

To analyze the Balance of Payment (BOP) condition of Bangladesh

To analyze the composition of import and export

To understand the crisis of BOP of Bangladesh

To identify the factors causing hindrance in export promotion

To analyze impact of various factors affecting the exchange rate

To test the PPP and IFE theory regarding the economy of Bangladesh
http://www.bangladesh.com/currency/http://www.bangladesh.com/currency/http://www.bangladesh.com/currency/http://www.bangladesh.com/blog/the-untapped-potential-of-jutehttp://www.bangladesh.com/blog/the-untapped-potential-of-jutehttp://www.bangladesh.com/blog/the-untapped-potential-of-jutehttp://www.bangladesh.com/economy/http://www.bangladesh.com/economy/http://www.bangladesh.com/economy/http://www.mincom.gov.bd/http://www.mincom.gov.bd/http://www.mincom.gov.bd/http://www.bangladesh.com/blog/the-muslin-from-dhakahttp://www.bangladesh.com/blog/the-muslin-from-dhakahttp://www.bangladesh.com/blog/the-muslin-from-dhakahttp://www.bangladesh.com/blog/the-muslin-from-dhakahttp://www.mincom.gov.bd/http://www.bangladesh.com/economy/http://www.bangladesh.com/blog/the-untapped-potential-of-jutehttp://www.bangladesh.com/currency/


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Methodology:

All the data used are secondary data. Most of the data are collected from various website of respective

authorities. US dollar has been used as foreign currency from the perspective of Bangladesh. To analyze

the data in addition to simple statistical tools, time series analysis of data has been conducted. To get

further insight simple as well as multiple regression models has been used. To test the PPP and IFE

theory has been a major focus of the study. Regression analysis has been used in this regard. The result

of the analysis is tested against critical value to test whether PPP and IFE hold or not. The analysis is

purely technical and least possible judgment has been used. Findings will be discussed but no particular

suggestion will be made.

The Economy of Bangladesh

TheeconomyofBangladeshis a rapidlydevelopingmarket-based economy.[8]Itsper capitaincomein 2010 was est. US$1,700 (adjusted bypurchasing power parity). According to theInternational Monetary Fund, Bangladesh ranked as the44th largest economyin the world in2011 in PPP terms and 57th largest in nominal terms, among theNext ElevenorN-11ofGoldman SachsandD-8economies, with a gross domestic product of US$269.3 billion in PPPterms and US$104.9 billion in nominal terms. The economy has grown at the rate of 6-7% perannum over the past few years. More than half of the GDP is generated by the service sector;

while nearly half of Bangladeshis are employed in the agriculture sector. Other goods producedare textiles, jute, fish, vegetables, fruit, leather and leather goods, ceramics, ready-made goods.

Exports oftextilesandgarmentsare the largest source of foreign exchange earnings.Shipbuilding,pharmaceuticalsand consumer goods manufacturing are important emergingindustries, while thejutesector is re-emerging with increasing global demand for green fibres.Remittances from Bangladeshis working overseas, mainly in the Middle East, are another majorsource of foreign exchange earnings. Other important export sectors include fish and seafood,ceramics, cement, fertilizer, construction materials, cane and leather products. Bangladesh hasalso made major strides in its human development index.[9]

The land is devoted mainly toriceandjutecultivation as well as fruits and other produce,althoughwheatproduction has increased in recent years; the country is largely self-sufficient inrice production.[9][9]Bangladesh's growth of its agricultural industries is due to its fertile deltaicland that depend on its six seasons and multiple harvests.[9]

Transportation, communication, water distribution, and energy infrastructure are rapidlydeveloping.[9]Bangladesh is limited in its reserves ofoil, but recently there has been hugedevelopment ingasandcoal mining. The service sector has expanded rapidly during last two
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladeshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladeshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladeshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developing_countryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developing_countryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Market_economyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Market_economyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_%28PPP%29_per_capitahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_%28PPP%29_per_capitahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_%28PPP%29_per_capitahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_%28PPP%29_per_capitahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purchasing_power_parityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purchasing_power_parityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purchasing_power_parityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Monetary_Fundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Monetary_Fundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_%28PPP%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_%28PPP%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_%28PPP%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Next_Elevenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Next_Elevenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Next_Elevenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Next_Elevenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Next_Elevenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Next_Elevenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldman_Sachshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldman_Sachshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developing_8_Countrieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developing_8_Countrieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developing_8_Countrieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textileshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textileshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textileshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garmentshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garmentshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garmentshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shipbuildinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shipbuildinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmaceutical_industryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmaceutical_industryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmaceutical_industryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jutehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jutehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jutehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-bn-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-bn-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-bn-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jutehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jutehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jutehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-bn-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-bn-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-bn-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-bn-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-bn-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-bn-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-bn-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-bn-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-bn-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal_mininghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal_mininghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal_mininghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal_mininghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-bn-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-bn-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-bn-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-bn-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jutehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-bn-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jutehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmaceutical_industryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shipbuildinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garmentshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textileshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developing_8_Countrieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldman_Sachshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Next_Elevenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Next_Elevenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_%28PPP%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Monetary_Fundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purchasing_power_parityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_%28PPP%29_per_capitahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_%28PPP%29_per_capitahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Market_economyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developing_countryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladeshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy


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decades and the country's industrial base remains very positive.[9]The country's mainendowments include its vast human resource base, rich agricultural land, relatively abundantwater, substantial reserves of natural gas and coal, major seaports at Chittagong and Mongla, andits central strategic location at thecrossroadsof the two large burgeoning economic hub groupsofSAARCandASEAN.[9]According to a 2012 projection by HSBC, Bangladesh will be the

world's 31st largest economy in 2050 when ranked by total gross domestic product (GDP)

[10]

and89th when ranked by GDP per capita.[11]

Macro-economic trend

This is a chart of trend of gross domestic product of Bangladesh at market pricesestimatedbythe International Monetary Fund with figures in millions of Bangladeshi Taka. However, thisreflects only the formal sector of the economy.

YearGross Domestic ProductUS Dollar ExchangeInflation Index

(2000=100)

Per Capita Income

(as % of USA)

1980250,300 16.10 Taka 20 1.79

1985597,318 31.00 Taka 36 1.19

19901,054,234 35.79 Taka 58 1.16

19951,594,210 40.27 Taka 78 1.12

20002,453,160 52.14 Taka 100 0.97

20053,913,334 63.92 Taka 126 0.95

20085,003,438 68.65 Taka 147

Agriculture

Most Bangladeshis earn their living from agriculture.[9]Although rice and jute are the primarycrops, maize and vegetables are assuming greater importance.[9]Due to the expansion ofirrigation networks, some wheat producers have switched to cultivation of maize which is usedmostly as poultry feed.[9]Tea is grown in the northeast.[9]Because of Bangladesh's fertile soil

and normally ample water supply, rice can be grown and harvested three times a year in manyareas.[9]Due to a number of factors, Bangladesh's labor-intensive agriculture has achieved steadyincreases in food grain production despite the often unfavorable weather conditions.[9]Theseinclude better flood control and irrigation, a generally more efficient use of fertilizers, and theestablishment of better distribution and rural credit networks.[9]With 28.8 million metric tonsproduced in 2005-2006 (JulyJune), rice is Bangladesh's principal crop.[9]By comparison, wheatoutput in 2005-2006 was 9 million metric tons.[9]Population pressure continues to place a severeburden on productive capacity, creating a food deficit, especially of wheat.[9]Foreign assistance
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-bn-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-bn-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-bn-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossroadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossroadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossroadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAARChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAARChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAARChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASEANhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASEANhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-bn-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-bn-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-bn-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-11http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2006/01/data/dbcselm.cfm?G=2001http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2006/01/data/dbcselm.cfm?G=2001http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2006/01/data/dbcselm.cfm?G=2001http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-bn-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-bn-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-bn-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-bn-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-bn-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-bn-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-bn-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-bn-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-bn-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-bn-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-bn-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-bn-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-bn-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-bn-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-bn-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-bn-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-bn-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-bn-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-bn-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-bn-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-bn-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-bn-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-bn-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-bn-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-bn-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-bn-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-bn-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-bn-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-bn-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-bn-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-bn-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-bn-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-bn-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-bn-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-bn-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-bn-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-bn-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-bn-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-bn-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-bn-9http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2006/01/data/dbcselm.cfm?G=2001http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-bn-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASEANhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAARChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossroadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-bn-9


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and commercial imports fill the gap,[9]but seasonal hunger ("monga") remains a problem.[14]Underemployment remains a serious problem, and a growing concern for Bangladesh'sagricultural sector will be its ability to absorb additional manpower.[9]Finding alternativesources of employment will continue to be a daunting problem for future governments,particularly with the increasing numbers of landless peasants who already account for about half

the rural labor force.

[9]

Due to farmers' vulnerability to various risks, Bangladesh's poorest facenumerous potential limitations on their ability to enhance agriculture production and theirlivelihoods. These include an actual and perceived risk to investing in new agriculturaltechnologies and activities (despite their potential to increase income), a vulnerability to shocksand stresses and a limited ability to mitigate or cope with these and limited access to market

Bangladesh has made significant strides in its economic sector performance since independencein 1971. Although the economy has improved vastly in the 1990s, Bangladesh still suffers in thearea of foreign trade inSouth Asianregion. Despite major impediments to growth like theinefficiency ofstate-owned enterprises, a rapidly growing labor force that cannot be absorbed byagriculture, inadequate power supplies,[41]and slow implementation of economic reforms,

Bangladesh has made some headway improving the climate forforeign investorsand liberalizingthecapital markets; for example, it has negotiated with foreign firms for oil and gas exploration,better countrywide distribution of cooking gas, and the construction ofnatural gaspipelinesandpower stations. Progress on other economic reforms has been halting because of opposition fromthe bureaucracy, public sector unions, and other vested interest groups.

The especially severe floods of 1998 increased the flow ofinternational aid. So far the globalfinancial crisis has not had a major impact on the economy. The World Bank predicted economicgrowth of 6.5% for current year. Foreign aid has seen a decline of 10% over the last few monthsbut economists see this as a good sign for self-reliance.There has been 18% growth in exportsover the last 9 months and remittance inflow has increased at a remarkable 25% rate.

Fiscal Year Total Export Total Import Foreign Remittance Earnings

20072008 $14.11b $25.205b $8.9b

20082009 $15.56b $22.00b+ $9.68b

20092010 $16.7b ~$24b $10.87b

20102011 $22.93b $32b $11.65b

20112012 $24.30b $35.92b $12.85b

To develop the economy, Uganda has been following some policies, like:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-bn-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-bn-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-bn-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monga_%28Bangladesh%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monga_%28Bangladesh%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monga_%28Bangladesh%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-ODI-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-ODI-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-ODI-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-bn-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-bn-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-bn-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-bn-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-bn-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-bn-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Asiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Asiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Asiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State-owned_enterprisehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State-owned_enterprisehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State-owned_enterprisehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-Bangladesh_Power_Demand-41http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-Bangladesh_Power_Demand-41http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-Bangladesh_Power_Demand-41http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Investmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Investmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Investmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_markethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_markethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_markethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipeline_transporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipeline_transporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipeline_transporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_stationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_stationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_aidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_aidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_aidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_aidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_stationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipeline_transporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_markethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Investmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-Bangladesh_Power_Demand-41http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State-owned_enterprisehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Asiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-bn-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-bn-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-ODI-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monga_%28Bangladesh%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh#cite_note-bn-9


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Foreign Aid and Economic Development:

Foreign relations and military

Climate

Geography

Ugandas Involvement with International Financial Agencies:

Current IMF membership: 188 countries

Bangladesh Joined on August 17, 1972; accepted the obligations under Article VIII, Sections 2, 3,

and 4 on April 11, 1994.

Quota:SDR533.30 million Outstanding loans: Emergency Assistance SDR 133.33 million; PRGF Arrangements SDR 301.88

million.

The last Article IV Executive Board Consultation was on October 28, 2011 (Country Report

11/314)

Bangladesh: Second Review Under the Three-Year Arrangement Under the

Extended Credit Facility and Request for Modification of Performance

CriteriaStaff Report, Staff Supplement and Statement; Press Release on the

Executive Board Discussion; and Statement by the Executive Director for

BangladeshJune 05, 2013 --Bangladesh: Second Review Under the Three-Year Arrangement Under theExtended Credit Facility and Request for Modification of Performance CriteriaStaff Report,Staff Supplement and Statement; Press Release on the Executive Board Discussion; andStatement by the Executive Director for BangladeshSeries: Country Report No. 13/157

May 29, 2013 --Press Release: IMF Executive Board Completes Second Review Under the ECFArrangement for Bangladesh and Approves US$136.6 Million Disbursement

May 13, 2013 --Bangladesh -- Letter of Intent, Memorandum of Economic and Financial

Policies, and Technical Memorandum of Understanding, May 13, 2013PDF File Size: 496Kb

April 20, 2013 --IMFC Statement by P. Chidambaram, Minister of Finance, IndiaOn behalf of: Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Sri Lanka. PDF File Size: 213Kb

April 02, 2013 --Press Release: Bangladesh: Statement at the Conclusion of the IMF Mission onthe Second Review Under the Extended Credit Facility Arrangement
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March 11, 2013 --Bangladesh: First Review Under the Three-Year Arrangement Under theExtended Credit Facility and Request for Waiver of Nonobservance of a PerformanceCriterionStaff Report, Staff Statements and Supplement; Press Release on the Executive BoardDiscussion; and Statement by the Executive Director for BangladeshSeries: Country Report No. 13/61

March 11, 2013 --Bangladesh: Joint Staff Advisory Note on the Poverty Reduction StrategyPaperSeries: Country Report No. 13/62

March 11, 2013 --Bangladesh: Poverty Reduction Strategy PaperSeries: Country Report No. 13/63

February 20, 2013 --Press Release: IMF Executive Board Completes First Review Under theECF Arrangement for Bangladesh and Approves US$139.4 Million Disbursement

February 10, 2013 --Bangladesh -- Letter of Intent, Memorandum of Economic and FinancialPolicies, and Technical Memorandum of Understanding, February 10, 2013

PDF File Size: 451Kb

December 14, 2012 --Economic Diversification in LICs: Stylized Facts and MacroeconomicImplicationsAuthor/Editor: Papageorgiou, Chris | Spatafora, NicolaSeries: Staff Discussion Notes No. 12/13

December 06, 2012 --Press Release: Statement at the Conclusion of the IMF Mission on theFirst Review Under the Extended Credit Facility Arrangement with Bangladesh

October 31, 2012 --Bangladesh: Poverty Reduction Strategy PaperSeries: Country Report No. 12/293

October 31, 2012 --Bangladesh: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper--Joint Staff Advisory NoteSeries: Country Report No. 12/294

October 13, 2012 --IMFC Statement by P. Chidambaram, Minister of Finance, IndiaOn behalf of: Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Sri Lanka. PDF File Size: 590Kb

October 12, 2012 --Statement by the Hon. Abul Maal A. Muhith, Governor of the IMF and theWorld Bank Group for BangladeshPDF File Size: 479Kb

October 12, 2012 --Transcript of an APD Regional Press Briefing

July 30, 2012 --Transcript of International Monetary Fund Managing Director ChristineLagarde at Keio University

April 27, 2012 --Press Release: Statement at the Conclusion of an IMF Mission to Bangladesh

April 21, 2012 --Transcript of the Asia and Pacific Economic Outlook
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The country is likely to join the stolen asset recovery (StAR) initiative

launched jointly by the World Bank and United Nations Office on Drugs

and Crime (UNODC) last year, sources said.

"A lot of progress has been made to join the initiative so that siphonedoff money could be brought back to the country soon," said a senior

finance ministry official.

An expert committee will be formed in line with the suggestion made by

WB to complete the procedures of joining the StAR initiative.

The official said it is imperative for the country to join the initiative as

the present caretaker government, intending to bring back the siphonedoff money, has achieved little success.

Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU) under the central bank has been

assigned the main task of bringing back the money smuggled out by

corrupt politicians and businessmen.

It is operating for more than one year but could not strike any deal or

ink any memorandum of understanding (MoU) with counterparts due tosome technical barrier.

A new anti money laundering act that was recommended by the

Financial Action Task Force (FATF), an international body, was approved

last month covering prevention of terror financing.

The new act will help the FIU to strike expected deals or MoUs with

counterparts in the UK, Malaysia, Philippines and Thailand to knowdetails of the stolen money.

The official said the country has already streamlined the operation of

the new anti-graft body and also working to establish transparency in

fiscal measures in line with the suggestion by the country's major donor


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agencies.

He said all these are prerequisites to join the StAR initiative launched

jointly by the WB and the UNODC in 2007.

These two organisations have forged partnerships with other agencies,

such as the regional development banks, the International Monetary

Fund, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

(OECD), the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (Norad)

and the G-8.

They are pursuing countries to ensure that the initiative is a truly global

effort and recovered stolen assets would be spent for the developmentand social programs, or badly-needed infrastructure.

Finance and planning adviser Mirza Azizul Islam last week in a meeting

with the visiting WB managing director Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala praised the

StAR initiative.

According to a paper presented during the discussion with Okonjo-

Iweala, the finance adviser sought WB assistance to recover the stolenwealth from overseas countries.

After the meeting, Mirza Aziz told reporters that the WB suggested

formation of a small expert committee to deal with the matter, although

two similar bodies already exists.

One is headed by the central bank governor and the other by law

adviser.

According to WB, the cross-border flow of proceeds from criminal

activity, corruption and tax evasion is estimated to range between US1.0

and US $1.6 trillion per year --half of this from developing and

transitional economies.


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Corrupt money associated with bribes received by public officials from

developing and transitional countries is estimated to be $20-40 billion.

While estimates of such monies are known to be imprecise, they give an

idea of the large dimension of the problem, warranting concerted action,it said.

The Balance of Payments

The Balance of Payments is the sum of the Current Account and the Capital Account and the Financial

Account. The Balance of Payments Identity states that:

Current Account + Capital Account + Financial Account + Net Errors and Omissions = Change in Official

Reserve Account

Balance of Payment Analysis:

Current Account Balance-$941.9 million (2012 est.)$243.6 million (2011 est.)

Exports$25.79 billion (2012 est.)$24.56 billion (2011 est.)

Exports - commodities

garments, knitwear, agricultural products, frozen food (fish and

seafood), jute and jute goods, leather

Exports - partnersUS 19.4%, Germany 16.5%, UK 10%, France 7.3%, Italy 4.4%,Spain 4.2%, Netherlands 4.2% (2011)

Imports$35.06 billion (2012 est.)$32.58 billion (2011 est.)

Imports - commoditiesmachinery and equipment, chemicals, iron and steel, textiles,foodstuffs, petroleum products, cement

Imports - partners China 18.2%, India 13.5%, Malaysia 4.9% (2011)

Reserves of foreign exchangeand gold

$10.19 billion (31 December 2012 est.)$9.192 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Debt - external$36.21 billion (31 December 2012 est.)$33.84 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of direct foreigninvestment - at home

$7.849 billion (31 December 2012 est.)$6.85 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

Stock of direct foreigninvestment - abroad

$93.9 million (31 December 2012 est.)$92.9 million (31 December 2011 est.)

Exchange rates taka (BDT) per US dollar -


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82.17 (2012 est.)74.152 (2011 est.)69.649 (2010 est.)69.04 (2009)68.554 (2008)

Current account balance (BoP; US dollar) in Bangladesh

The Current account balance (BoP; US dollar) in Bangladesh was last reported

at 243520785.77 in 2011, according to a World Bank report published in

2012. Current account balance is the sum of net exports of goods, services, net

income, and net current transfers. Data are in current U.S. dollars.This pageincludes a historical data chart, news and forecasts for Current account

balance (BoP; US dollar) in Bangladesh.

Table Balance of Payments of Bangladesh (in million US dollar)

Items 1974-75 1980-81 1985-86 1995-96 1998-99

Import 1232 2687 2364 6947 8018

Export 353 820 909 3884 5324

Trade Balance -879 -1867 -1455 -3063 -2694Current Account Balance -1003 -1428 -1055 -1291 -394

IMF Account (Net) -28 -66 27

a) SDR Purchase 92 138

b) SDR Repurchase 120 66 111


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WORLD BANK INDICATORS - BANGLADESH -BALANCE OF PAYMENTS

Previous Last

Trade in services (% of GDP) in Bangladesh 6.6 7.1 View Chart

Communications; computer; etc. (% of service imports;

BoP) in BangladeshView Chart

Income payments (BoP; US dollar) in Bangladesh 1211993046.8 1211246013.6 View Chart

Imports of goods and services (BoP; US

dollar) in Bangladesh19553968912.825170297631.2View Chart

Insurance and financial services (% of service imports;

BoP) in Bangladesh6.1 1.2 View Chart

Goods imports (BoP; US dollar) in Bangladesh 16669204360.221505861638.4View Chart

Service imports (BoP; US dollar) in Bangladesh 2884764552.6 3664435992.8 View Chart

Royalty and license fees; payments (BoP; US

dollar) in Bangladesh7675990.8 21923483.8 View Chart

Imports of goods; services and income (BoP; US 20765961959.526381543644.8View Chart
http://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/trade-in-services-percent-of-gdp-wb-data.htmlhttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/trade-in-services-percent-of-gdp-wb-data.htmlhttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/communications-computer-etc-percent-of-service-imports-bop-wb-data.htmlhttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/communications-computer-etc-percent-of-service-imports-bop-wb-data.htmlhttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/communications-computer-etc-percent-of-service-imports-bop-wb-data.htmlhttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/income-payments-bop-us-dollar-wb-data.htmlhttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/income-payments-bop-us-dollar-wb-data.htmlhttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/imports-of-goods-and-services-bop-us-dollar-wb-data.htmlhttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/imports-of-goods-and-services-bop-us-dollar-wb-data.htmlhttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/imports-of-goods-and-services-bop-us-dollar-wb-data.htmlhttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/imports-of-goods-and-services-bop-us-dollar-wb-data.htmlhttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/insurance-and-financial-services-percent-of-service-imports-bop-wb-data.htmlhttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/insurance-and-financial-services-percent-of-service-imports-bop-wb-data.htmlhttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/insurance-and-financial-services-percent-of-service-imports-bop-wb-data.htmlhttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/goods-imports-bop-us-dollar-wb-data.htmlhttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/goods-imports-bop-us-dollar-wb-data.htmlhttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/goods-imports-bop-us-dollar-wb-data.htmlhttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/service-imports-bop-us-dollar-wb-data.htmlhttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/service-imports-bop-us-dollar-wb-data.htmlhttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/royalty-and-license-fees-payments-bop-us-dollar-wb-data.htmlhttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/royalty-and-license-fees-payments-bop-us-dollar-wb-data.htmlhttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/royalty-and-license-fees-payments-bop-us-dollar-wb-data.htmlhttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/imports-of-goods-services-and-income-bop-us-dollar-wb-data.htmlhttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/imports-of-goods-services-and-income-bop-us-dollar-wb-data.htmlhttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/imports-of-goods-services-and-income-bop-us-dollar-wb-data.htmlhttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/imports-of-goods-services-and-income-bop-us-dollar-wb-data.htmlhttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/imports-of-goods-services-and-income-bop-us-dollar-wb-data.htmlhttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/royalty-and-license-fees-payments-bop-us-dollar-wb-data.htmlhttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/royalty-and-license-fees-payments-bop-us-dollar-wb-data.htmlhttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/royalty-and-license-fees-payments-bop-us-dollar-wb-data.htmlhttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/service-imports-bop-us-dollar-wb-data.htmlhttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/service-imports-bop-us-dollar-wb-data.htmlhttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/goods-imports-bop-us-dollar-wb-data.htmlhttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/goods-imports-bop-us-dollar-wb-data.htmlhttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/insurance-and-financial-services-percent-of-service-imports-bop-wb-data.htmlhttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/insurance-and-financial-services-percent-of-service-imports-bop-wb-data.htmlhttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/insurance-and-financial-services-percent-of-service-imports-bop-wb-data.htmlhttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/imports-of-goods-and-services-bop-us-dollar-wb-data.htmlhttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/imports-of-goods-and-services-bop-us-dollar-wb-data.htmlhttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/imports-of-goods-and-services-bop-us-dollar-wb-data.htmlhttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/income-payments-bop-us-dollar-wb-data.htmlhttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/income-payments-bop-us-dollar-wb-data.htmlhttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/communications-computer-etc-percent-of-service-imports-bop-wb-data.htmlhttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/communications-computer-etc-percent-of-service-imports-bop-wb-data.htmlhttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/communications-computer-etc-percent-of-service-imports-bop-wb-data.htmlhttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/trade-in-services-percent-of-gdp-wb-data.htmlhttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/trade-in-services-percent-of-gdp-wb-data.html


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dollar) in Bangladesh

Transport services (% of service imports;

BoP) in Bangladesh74.6 82.7 View Chart

Year

Current account balance Percent Change

198

0-0.249

198

1-0.688 176.31 %

198

2-0.661 -3.92 %

198

3-0.401 -39.33 %

198

4-0.622 55.11 %

198

5-0.747 20.10 %

198

6-0.582 -22.09 %

198

7-0.494 -15.12 %

198

8-1.172 137.25 %

198

9-1.262 7.68 %

199

0-0.945 -25.12 %
http://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/imports-of-goods-services-and-income-bop-us-dollar-wb-data.htmlhttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/transport-services-percent-of-service-imports-bop-wb-data.htmlhttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/transport-services-percent-of-service-imports-bop-wb-data.htmlhttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/transport-services-percent-of-service-imports-bop-wb-data.htmlhttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/transport-services-percent-of-service-imports-bop-wb-data.htmlhttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/transport-services-percent-of-service-imports-bop-wb-data.htmlhttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/transport-services-percent-of-service-imports-bop-wb-data.htmlhttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/imports-of-goods-services-and-income-bop-us-dollar-wb-data.html


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199

1-0.346 -63.39 %

199

2-0.126 -63.58 %

199

3-0.132 4.76 %

199

4-0.322 143.94 %

199

5-0.91 182.61 %

199

6 -0.996 9.45 %

199

7-0.666 -33.13 %

199

8-0.47 -29.43 %

199

9-0.407 -13.40 %

200

0-0.678 66.58 %

200

1-0.431 -36.43 %

200

20.167 -138.75 %

2003

0.176 5.39 %

200

4-0.19 -207.95 %

200 0.008 -104.21 %


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5

200

60.764 9,450.00 %

2007

0.829 8.51 %

200

81.619 95.30 %

200

93.137 93.76 %

201

02.368 -24.51 %

Current Account Balance: -$941.9 million (2012 est.)

$243.6 million (2011 est.)

Year Value

2005 -176,224,700.00

2006 1,196,063,000.00

2007 856,879,600.00

2008 926,185,400.00

2009 3,556,126,000.00

2010 2,108,503,000.00

2011 -161,842,500.00

Financial account

Three types of investment (foreign direct investment (FDI), portfolio and other) make-up thefinancial account, along with financial derivatives and official reserve assets. A positive valuefor the financial account indicates that inward investment flows (inward FDI, portfolio and otherinvestmentliabilities) exceed reserve assets and outward investment flows (outward FDI,portfolio and other investmentassets). This was the case for 14 EU Member States in 2011, withthe highest value relative GDP reported by Cyprus (9.5 % of GDP), while 13 EU Member States
http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Glossary:Foreign_direct_investment_%28FDI%29http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Glossary:Foreign_direct_investment_%28FDI%29http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Glossary:Foreign_direct_investment_%28FDI%29http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Glossary:Liabilityhttp://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Glossary:Liabilityhttp://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Glossary:Liabilityhttp://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Glossary:Assethttp://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Glossary:Assethttp://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Glossary:Assethttp://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Glossary:Assethttp://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Glossary:Liabilityhttp://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Glossary:Foreign_direct_investment_%28FDI%29


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had a negative financial account: the financial account for the euro area was almost balanced,standing at -0.2 % of GDP in 2011, with net outflows recorded for direct and other investments.

As can be seen in Table 4, the EU-27 continued to be a net direct investor vis--vis the rest of theworld in 2011. Outward flows of FDI represented 2.8 % of GDP, while inward flows of FDI

represented 1.8 % of GDP. The effect of the financial and economic crisis was apparent inrelation to levels of direct investment which, having peaked in 2007, fell for three consecutiveyears. However, in 2011 the situation was reversed as inward flows of direct investment rose by55 % (compared with the year before) and outward investment rose by 50 %. Luxembourgrecorded by far the highest levels of both inward and outward FDI (in relation to GDP), followedby Belgium and France. Luxembourg also recorded the highest level of FDI transactions inabsolute value terms (see Table 3) for outward flows (followed by the United Kingdom andFrance), as well as for inward flows (followed by Belgium and the United Kingdom).

Contrary to FDI flows, the EU-27 consistently recorded net inflows of portfolio investment.Portfolio investment assets (outward investment) were equivalent to 0.4 % of GDP in 2011,

while portfolio investment liabilities (inward investment) were valued at 3.4 % of GDP.Although portfolio investment liabilities remained the most important source of inward capitalcoming into the EU, its value in 2011 fell by 23 % when compared with 2010, while portfolioinvestment assets recorded a much more significant contraction (83 %). Some 13 of the EUMember States recorded disinvestment for portfolio assets, with particularly large flows forLuxembourg (75.7 % of GDP), Cyprus (24.8 %), Portugal (13.6 %) and France (8.9 %). Thelargest investments in portfolio assets in relative terms were recorded in Malta (-47.9 % of GDP)and in absolute values in United Kingdom and Germany (both in excess of EUR -25 000million). Disinvestment in portfolio liabilities was less common (apparent in eight EU MemberStates), including Portugal, Greece, Spain, Italy and Belgiumeach of which reported negativeflows in excess of 3 % of GDP; as did Iceland. In absolute terms, the largest disinvestments inportfolio liabilities in 2011 were recorded in Italy and Spain, followedat some distancebyPortugal and Greece. Luxembourg again reported the largest positive flows (relative to GDP) at82.5 %, followed by Ireland (20.1 %), while in absolute terms inflows were highest into Franceand Germany.

For other assets and liabilities (such as currency and deposits, loans and trade credit) the EU-27recorded net capital outflows equivalent to 2.0 % of GDP in 2011. Investment in other assets wasequal to 3.4 % of the EU-27s GDP, with the largest investments (in relative terms) recorded forLuxembourg, Finland and the Netherlands. Inward investment in other liabilities was equivalentto 1.4 % of GDP in the EU-27 in 2011. Again the largest investments in relative terms wererecorded in Luxembourg, followed at some distance by Finland, Malta and Greece, withsubstantial disinvestment recorded in Ireland and Cyprus. Net outflows of other investmentsfrom the EU-27 were twice as high in 2011 (EUR 249 900 million) as in 2010but remainedbelow their level of 2008 and 2009. There were 12 EU Member States having net otherinvestment inflows in 2011, most notably the United Kingdom, Spain and Greece.


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Bangladesh - Net capital account

Net capital account (BoP, current US$)

The latest value for Net capital account (BoP, current US$) in Bangladesh was $512,409,500 as

of 2011. Over the past 6 years, the value for this indicator has fluctuated between $715,410,100in 2007 and $152,541,900 in 2006.

Definition: Net capital account records acquisitions and disposals of nonproduced nonfinancialassets, such as land sold to embassies and sales of leases and licenses, as well as capital transfers,including government debt forgiveness. The use of the term capital account in this context isdesigned to be consistent with the System of National Accounts, which distinguishes betweencapital transactions and financial transactions. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

Source: International Monetary Fund, Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook and data files.

Year Value

2005 $261,724,400

2006 $152,541,900

2007 $715,410,100

2008 $490,457,400

2009 $474,938,500

2010 $603,386,500

2011 $512,409,500

Major Product - Wise Import of Bangladesh

Amounts in Million US$

Sl. Product 2009-10 2010-11

01. Petroleum Products 2021 3280


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02. Chemicals 972 1271

03. Plastics & Rubber Articles 966 1319

04. Cotton 1440 2718

05. Yarn 719 1412

06. Textiles and Articles 1986 2716

07. Iron & Steel 1453 2032

08. Capital Machineries 1594 2359

09. Food Grains 837 1932

10. Edible Oil 1050 1080


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Free imports

200 cigarettes or

50 cigars or

225g of tobacco; Two bottles of alcoholic beverages or

1 bottle if not travelling for touristic purposes - only applicable to non

Muslim travellers

250ml of perfume;

Gifts up to the value of BDT500

Residents can import up to BDT 150 in local currency and an unlimited

amount of foreign money. Non residents can import a similar amount of

local currency and up to 1000 USD although sums greater than USD 150will need to be declared at the customs department. All travellers can

export up to BDT 100 in local currency whilst residents can take out the

equivalent of USD 25 in foreign currency. Non residents can export up to

USD 150 in foreign currency.

All visitors flying out of Bangladesh will need to pay an additional BDT

300 Embarkation Tax prior to leaving the country. ports of goods and

services (BoP; US dollar) in Bangladesh

The Imports of goods and services (BoP; US dollar) in Bangladesh was last

reported at 37801926819.56 in 2011, according to a World Bank report

published in 2012. Imports of goods and services comprise all transactions

between residents of a country and the rest of the world involving a change of

ownership from nonresidents to residents of general merchandise, goods sent

for processing and repairs, nonmonetary gold, and services. Data are in

current U.S. dollars.This page includes a historical data chart, news and

forecasts for Imports of goods and services (BoP; US dollar) in Bangladesh.


19/26

Bangladesh Exports

Exports in Bangladesh decreased to 2079.20 USD Million in April of 2013 from

2303.42 USD Million in March of 2013. Exports in Bangladesh is reported by

the Bangladesh Bank. Historically, from 1995 until 2013, Bangladesh Exports

averaged 3292.41 USD Million reaching an all time high of 15565.20 USD

Million in June of 2009 and a record low of 1024 USD Million in October of

2009. Bangladesh exports mainly ready made garments including knit wear

and hosiery (75% of exports revenue). Others include: Shrimps, jute goods(including Carpet), leather goods and tea. Bangladesh main exports partners

are United States (23% of total), Germany, United Kingdom, France, Japan and

India. This page includes a chart with historical data for Bangladesh Exports.


20/26

The government has announced cash incentives to 19 export products for the current fiscal yearto promote their overseas sales.

The central bank published the incentive circular on its website on Sunday evening.

The incentive rate for potato has been increased to 20 percent from 10 percent in the last fiscalyear, while the assistance for leather goods has been reduced to 12.5 percent from 15 percent.

Incentives for the other 17 sectors have remained unchanged.

The circular said local textile goods will get 5 percent cash incentive as an alternative to tariffbonds and duty drawbacks. Products made of Hogla, hay and sugarcane fibre will receive 15 to20 percent, agro and agro-processing products 20 percent, bicycles 15 percent and bone dust 15percent assistance.

In the poultry sector, hatching eggs and chicks will get 15 percent, light engineering goods 10

percent, liquid glucose 20 percent, halal meat 20 percent, frozen shrimps and other fishes 10percent and ship 5 percent incentives.

Finished leather will get 4 percent, crust leather 3 percent, plastic PET bottle-flex 10 percent andjute products 10 percent incentives.

Exports from small and medium industries in textiles sector will get an additional incentive of 5percent while overseas sale of any product outside the US, Canada and EU will receive 2 percentassistance.

The incentives will be provided for products shipped within Jul 1, 2011 to Jun 30, 2012, the

circular said.

4.2.4 Recent Trend in Export (in million US$) Month 2008-09P2007-08R July1550.18 908.75 August 1358.09 1129.08 September 1478.02 1042.85 October867.69 941.48 November 1297.47 1144.47 July-November 6551.45 (+26.80)5166.63 (+2.40) Source: Export Promotion Bureau (EPB) and Bangladesh Bank


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Major Product - Wise Export of Bangladesh Amounts in Million US$

Product 2009-10 2010-11 (July-April)

Raw Jute 196 357


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Agri-Products 242 334

Frozen Foods 445 625

Leather 226 298

Jute Goods 592 758

Chemicals 103 105

Specialized Textiles 186 165

Home Textiles 402 789

Footwear 204 298

Knitwear 6483 9482

Woven Garments 6013 8432

Others 1113 1281

Total 16205 22924


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Bangladesh Balance of Trade

Bangladesh recorded a trade deficit of 579.40 USD Million in March of 2013.

Balance of Trade in Bangladesh is reported by the Bangladesh Bank.

Historically, from 1995 until 2013, Bangladesh Balance of Trade averaged -

1161.69 USD Million reaching an all time high of -56.40 USD Million in August

of 2009 and a record low of -5370.60 USD Million in June of 2008. Bangladesh

exports mainly ready made garments including knit wear and hosiery (75% of

exports revenue). Others include: Shrimps, jute goods (including Carpet),

leather goods and tea. Bangladesh main exports partners are United States

(23% of total), Germany, United Kingdom, France, Japan and India.

Bangladesh imports mostly petroleum product and oil, machinery and parts,

soyabean and palm oil, raw cotton, iron and steel and wheat. Bangladesh main

imports partners are China (17% of total), India, Indonesia, Singapore andJapan. This page includes a chart with historical data for Bangladesh Balance

of Trade.To export agro-products such as vegetables and fruits, the government will offer 20 percent cash

incentive and on leather goods it will be 17.5 percent, whereas, home-made textiles and jute goods will

enjoy cash subsidy at 5 and 10 percent respectively.

Gross national income (constant LCU) in Bangladesh

The Gross national income (constant LCU) in Bangladesh was last reported at3924514886455.45 in 2011, according to a World Bank report published in

2012. Gross national income is derived as the sum of GNP and the terms of

trade adjustment. Data are in constant local currency.This page includes a

historical data chart, news and forecasts for Gross national income (constant

LCU) in Bangladesh.TO SIGNUP TO EXPORT DATAUSE ADVANCED TOOLS
http://www.tradingeconomics.com/analytics/features.aspx?source=exporthttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/analytics/features.aspx?source=toolshttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/analytics/features.aspx?source=toolshttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/analytics/features.aspx?source=toolshttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/analytics/features.aspx?source=toolshttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/analytics/features.aspx?source=export


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WORLD BANK INDICATORS - BANGLADESH -NATIONAL ACCOUNTS

Previous

General government final consumption expenditure (US dollar) in Bangladesh 3780133217.5 4202

General government final consumption expenditure (current LCU) in Bangladesh 261056000000.0 2883

General government final consumption expenditure (constant 2000 US

dollar) in Bangladesh4083859232.3 423

General government final consumption expenditure (annual % growth) in Bangladesh 6.4

General government final consumption expenditure (constant LCU) in Bangladesh 164777000000.0 17072

General government final consumption expenditure (% of GDP) in Bangladesh 5.5

Household final consumption expenditure; etc. (US dollar) in Bangladesh 52636287286.4 6278

Household final consumption expenditure; etc. (current LCU) in Bangladesh 3635062000000.043077

Household final consumption expenditure; etc. (constant 2000 US dollar) in Bangladesh 48877812463.0 5142

Household final consumption expenditure; etc. (annual % growth) in Bangladesh 6.7
http://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/general-government-final-consumption-expenditure-us-dollar-wb-data.htmlhttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/general-government-final-consumption-expenditure-current-lcu-wb-data.htmlhttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/general-government-final-consumption-expenditure-constant-2000-us-dollar-wb-data.htmlhttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/general-government-final-consumption-expenditure-constant-2000-us-dollar-wb-data.htmlhttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/general-government-final-consumption-expenditure-annual-percent-growth-wb-data.htmlhttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/general-government-final-consumption-expenditure-constant-lcu-wb-data.htmlhttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/general-government-final-consumption-expenditure-percent-of-gdp-wb-data.htmlhttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/household-final-consumption-expenditure-etc-us-dollar-wb-data.htmlhttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/household-final-consumption-expenditure-etc-current-lcu-wb-data.htmlhttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/household-final-consumption-expenditure-etc-constant-2000-us-dollar-wb-data.htmlhttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/household-final-consumption-expenditure-etc-annual-percent-growth-wb-data.htmlhttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/household-final-consumption-expenditure-etc-annual-percent-growth-wb-data.htmlhttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/household-final-consumption-expenditure-etc-constant-2000-us-dollar-wb-data.htmlhttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/household-final-consumption-expenditure-etc-current-lcu-wb-data.htmlhttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/household-final-consumption-expenditure-etc-us-dollar-wb-data.htmlhttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/general-government-final-consumption-expenditure-percent-of-gdp-wb-data.htmlhttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/general-government-final-consumption-expenditure-constant-lcu-wb-data.htmlhttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/general-government-final-consumption-expenditure-annual-percent-growth-wb-data.htmlhttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/general-government-final-consumption-expenditure-constant-2000-us-dollar-wb-data.htmlhttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/general-government-final-consumption-expenditure-constant-2000-us-dollar-wb-data.htmlhttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/general-government-final-consumption-expenditure-current-lcu-wb-data.htmlhttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/general-government-final-consumption-expenditure-us-dollar-wb-data.html


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Bangladesh Capital Flows

Capital Flows in Bangladesh increased to 5.13 BDT Billion in March of 2013

from 0.25 BDT Billion in February of 2013. Bangladesh Capital Flows averaged

32.46 BDT Billion from 1997 until 2013, reaching an all time high of 679.50

BDT Billion in March of 2007 and a record low of -12.72 BDT Billion in May of

1998. In Bangladesh, international capital flows are measured using the

Capital and Financial Account Balance of the Balance of Payments. This page

contains - Bangladesh Capital Flows - actual values, historical data, forecast,

chart, statistics, economic calendar and news. 2013-08-19TO SIGNUP TO EXPORT DATAUSE ADVANCED TOOLS

LIST BY COUNTRYEMBED CHART

Trade Last Previous Highest Lowest Forecast Unit Trend
http://www.tradingeconomics.com/analytics/features.aspx?source=exporthttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/analytics/features.aspx?source=toolshttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/analytics/features.aspx?source=toolshttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/analytics/features.aspx?source=toolshttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/country-list/capital-flowshttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/country-list/capital-flowshttp://__dopostback%28%27ctl00%24contentplaceholder1%24ctl00%24chartuc1%24chartuc_embedajaxpopupuc%24linkbutton2%27%2C%27%27%29/http://__dopostback%28%27ctl00%24contentplaceholder1%24ctl00%24chartuc1%24chartuc_embedajaxpopupuc%24linkbutton2%27%2C%27%27%29/http://__dopostback%28%27ctl00%24contentplaceholder1%24ctl00%24chartuc1%24chartuc_embedajaxpopupuc%24linkbutton2%27%2C%27%27%29/http://__dopostback%28%27ctl00%24contentplaceholder1%24ctl00%24chartuc1%24chartuc_embedajaxpopupuc%24linkbutton2%27%2C%27%27%29/http://www.tradingeconomics.com/country-list/capital-flowshttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/analytics/features.aspx?source=toolshttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/analytics/features.aspx?source=export


26/26

BALANCE OF TRADE -277.00 2013-05-31 -761.90 -56.40 -5370.60 -227.75 2013-06-30 USD Million

CURRENT ACCOUNT 1975.00 2013-03-31 708.00 1975.00 -1638.00 1667.68 2013-06-30 USD Million

CAPITAL FLOWS 5.13 2013-03-15 0.25 679.50 -12.72 2.74 2013-04-30 BDT Billion

EXPORTS 2696.40 2013-06-30 2538.80 15565.20 1024.00 2721.50 2013-07-31 USD Million

IMPORTS 2815.80 2013-05-31 2841.10 20291.40 1424.20 2755.04 2013-06-30 USD Million

TERMS OF TRADE -3.71 2008-06-29 -4.90 7.87 -20.08 -3.66 2008-12-31 Index Points

CURRENT ACCOUNT TO GDP 0.90 2011-12-31 3.70 3.70 -4.40 0.78 2012-12-31 Percent

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Reference

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh
http://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/balance-of-tradehttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/current-accounthttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/capital-flowshttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/exportshttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/importshttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/terms-of-tradehttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/current-account-to-gdphttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/indicatorshttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/indicatorshttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/current-account-to-gdphttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/terms-of-tradehttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/importshttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/exportshttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/capital-flowshttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/current-accounthttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/balance-of-tradehttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/current-account-to-gdphttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/terms-of-tradehttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/importshttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/exportshttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/capital-flowshttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/current-accounthttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/balance-of-tradehttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/current-account-to-gdphttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/terms-of-tradehttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/importshttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/exportshttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/capital-flowshttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/current-accounthttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/balance-of-tradehttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/current-account-to-gdphttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/terms-of-tradehttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/importshttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/exportshttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/capital-flowshttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/current-accounthttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/balance-of-tradehttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/current-account-to-gdphttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/terms-of-tradehttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/importshttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/exportshttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/capital-flowshttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/current-accounthttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/balance-of-tradehttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/current-account-to-gdphttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/terms-of-tradehttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/importshttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/exportshttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/capital-flowshttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/current-accounthttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/balance-of-tradehttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/current-account-to-gdphttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/terms-of-tradehttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/importshttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/exportshttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/capital-flowshttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/current-accounthttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/balance-of-tradehttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/indicatorshttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/current-account-to-gdphttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/terms-of-tradehttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/importshttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/exportshttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/capital-flowshttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/current-accounthttp://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/balance-of-trade

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