Jamshedpur Utilities & Services Company (JUSCO)

SCADA SysteM ForElectrical Distribution

 

Mentor: Mr.Kaustav Banerjee

Submitted Under

Guidance Of,

Mr.Sumit Ranjan Sinha

Mr.Dharam Vir Kumar

Officer, (NMCC)

 

Submitted By:-

ABHISHEK KUMAR

B.TECH 4th SEM

C.T INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, JALANDHAR

Id Card No:J/VT-15/1047

 

 

CERTIFICATETO WHOM MAY CONCERN

This is to certified that Mr. ABHISHEK KUMAR of B.TECH 4thSem of C.T INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, JALANDHAR had done Excellent work on project entitled SACADA system of Electrical Distribution & Network under guidance and supervision of Mr. Sumit Ranjan Sinha and Mr. Dharam Vir Kumar at Jamshedpur Utility & Services Company limited (JUSCO), for the completion of his one month VOCATIONAL TRAINING in duration of 09-06-2015 TO 09-07-2015 for their college’s curriculum related industrial training. To the best of my knowledge and belief, the same project has not been submitted to any university or institute.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I, ABHISHEK KUMAR student of C.T INSTITUTE OF

TECHNOLOGY, JALANDHAR Branch ELECTRICALS & ELECTRONLCS 4thSem Wid Reg. no.- 1459202 here by being thankful to Jamshepur Utilities & Services Company, JUSCO for allowing me to undergo training session of one month, secondary member Mr. Sumit Ranjan Sinha and Mr. DharamVir Kumar, whose guidance allowed me to inherit knowledge, experience and skill during my training period and to all safety officers and site inspection staff for their sincere cooperation at every step, lastly to all site workers battling to the tough seen which never had been an easy for them but their working and handling things taught me much more than just theoretical knowledge.

I Really Experienced such taughtfull lessons at the field engineering sites that I could never achieve or could learn under any college curriculum which taught me the real use of our bookish lessons that real applicatins are so vast That only we could know through this training to manage all this field engineering.

INDEX1) Jamshedpur Utility and Services Company (JUSCO)2) Network monitoring and Control Centre (NMCC)3) Field Engineering a) Lightning Arrester (L.A)(120KV-10KA) b) capacitor voltage transformer (C.V.T) c) Line Isolator (89L) d) current transformer (C.T) e) Breaker (3250 A) f) Bus Isolator (89 A)(1250 A) g) Transformer (132/33 KV, Traffo) h) Bus & Bus Coupler4) SCADA & Its Architecture5) Field Communication Engineering a) GPRS based communication b) Fiber Optics based communication6) Control Room Engineering a) Different types of Servers. b) WS-500 used for view.7) Benefits of Implementing SCADA in power distribution network.

Jamshedpur Utilities and Services Company (Jusco) is India's only comprehensive urban infrastructure service provider. Carved out of Tata Steel, from its Town Services Division in 2004, the company's mandate was to convert an obligatory service into a customer-focused sustainable corporate entity. Jusco’s core competency is “creation and subsequent operation and maintenance of urban infrastructure and services”.

Areas of businessEngineering procurement and construction: Planning, development and maintenance of township infrastructure.

Power services division: Operation and maintenance of power infrastructure and distribution of power.Integrated township management: Providing civic and municipal services in an integrated manner in a full-fledged municipal area.

NMCC is unit of JUSCO which monitors and control the distribution of power to different areas coming under it area of supervision though system, called SCADA, newly established and inaugurated in February 2015 for monitoring.

SCADA & Distribution Network

Industrial processes include those of manufacturing, production, power generation, fabrication, and refining, and may run in continuous, batch, repetitive, or discrete modes.Infrastructure processes may be public or private, and include water treatment and distribution, wastewater collection and treatment, oil and gas pipelines, electrical power transmission and distribution, wind farms, civil defense siren systems, and large communication systems.Facility processes occur both in public facilities and private ones, including buildings, airports, ships, and space stations. They monitor and control heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems (HVAC), access, and energy consumption.JUSCO uses SCADA for power distribution through its unit called NMCC.SCADA is basically combination of hardware and software used to automate industries with the help of networking unlike Programmable Logic Control(PLC) –the earlier version of SCADA which did not have networking facility.

Field EngineeringIn, Field Engineering we will start from the very first thing which is a “single line diagram” called (S.L.D):-

“Single Line Diagram Of 132/33/6.6 KV Power Grid”

a)lightning Arrestor:- A lightning arrester is a device used on electrical power systems and telecommunications systems to protect the insulation and conductors of the system from the damaging effects of lightning. The typical lightning arrester has a high-voltage terminal and a ground terminal. When a lightning surge (or switching surge, which is very similar) travels along the power line to the arrester, the current from the surge is diverted through the arrestor, in most cases to earth.

Lightining arrester

It wokrs as a insulator through its rated voltage & above that it works as a conductor which protection fails or is absent, lightning that strikes the electrical system introduces thousands of kilovolts that may damage the transmission lines, and can also cause severe damage to transformers and other electrical or electronic devices. Lightning-produced extreme voltage spikes in incoming power lines can damage electrical home appliances.

b)Capacitive Voltage Transformer:-

A Capacitive Voltage Transformer (CVT) is a transformer used in power systems to step down extra high voltage signals and provide a low voltage signal, for measurement or to operate a protective relay. C.V.T  also serve as coupling capacitors for coupling high frequency power line carrier signals to the transmission line.

                                                                                                                                                        CAPACITIVE VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER 

CVTs in combination with wave traps are used for filtering high frequency communication signals from power frequency. This forms a carrier communication network throughout the transmission network.In an electrical power substation, C.V.T in combination with Wave Trap is placed at the sending and receiving ends of the substation. At the receiving end they are found just after lightning arrestor and before line isolator.

c) Line Isolator:- In power systems an isolator is a switch which is used to completely open a circuit which has been rendered dead by means of opening a circuit breaker for maintenance of equipment. . The equipment to be worked on is further earthed mostly on either side so that electrical energy that could be in the equipment is completely discharged to earth further enhancing safety of the service men. An isolator is also used for sectionalising power lines during fault location. An isolator, unlike an auto disconnector is not used to break load or close a loaded circuit.

-Wave Trap:_ A line trap (high-frequency stopper) is a maintenance-free parallel resonant circuit, mounted inline on high voltage AC transmission power lines to prevent the transmission of high frequency (40 kHz to 1000 kHz) carrier signals of power line communication to unwanted destinations. Line traps are cylinder like structures connected in series with HV transmission lines. A line trap is also called a wave trap.

[1]

d)Current Transformer:- A CT functions with the same basic working principle of electrical power transformer, as we discussed earlier, but here is some difference. If a electrical power transformer or other general purpose transformer, primary current varies with load or secondary current. In case of CT, primary current is the system current and this primary current or system current transforms to the CT secondary, hence secondary current or burden current depends upon primary current of the current transformer.

e) Breaker:- A breaker is an automatically operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by overload or short circuit. Its basic function is to detect a fault condition and interrupt current flow. Unlike a fuse, which operates once and then must be replaced, a circuit breaker can be reset (either manually or automatically) to resume normal operation. Circuit breakers are made in varying sizes, from small devices that protect an individual household appliance up to large switchgear designed to protect high voltage circuits feeding an entire city. 

Fig: Breaker

g) Transformer:- A transformer is an electrical device that transfers electrical energy between two or more circuits through electromagnetic induction. Commonly, transformers are used to increase or decrease the voltages of alternating current in electric power applications.

A varying current in the transformer's primary winding creates a varying magnetic flux in the transformer core and a varying magnetic field impinging on the transformer's secondary winding. This varyingmagnetic field at the secondary winding induces a varying electromotive force (EMF) or voltage in the secondary winding. Making use of Faraday's Law in conjunction with high magnetic permeability core properties, transformers can thus be designed to efficiently change AC voltages from one voltage level to another within power networksdeal transformer and induction law.

h) Bus & Bus Coupler:- Bus coupler is a device which is used to couple one bus to the other without any interruption in power supply and without creating hazardous arcs. Bus coupler is a breaker used to couple two busbars in order to perform maintenance on other circuit breakers associated with that busbar.It is achieved with the help of a circuit breaker and isolators.

SCADA & Its ArchitectureIT is neither a technology nor a protocol but it refers to any application in which data is collected from the system in order to control that system.Types of SCADA software:-

Proprietry which deals with specific brand of controllers. Brand name- Siemens (WinCC) Aleen Bradley (RS View) Open type which deals with any kind of controller. Brand name- WonderWare (Intouch)

SCADA as we all know, sincerely stands for “Supervisory Control & Data Acquisition’. Also, in Electrical Distribution Networks it does the Same. IN JUSCO the hardware and software is provided by the company ABB to implement SCADA.Software used for SCADA operations and view is WS-500Software used for development are : 1) DE (Data Engineering) 2) PED (Picture Editor)TCS has implement the SCADA for JUSCO WS-500 has two parts:1) Control System Overview: Tells Network related equipment status.2) Power System overview: Tells substation status and sends control actions if required.

Field Communication Engineering:

1) Data taken as input from Breaker: On-Off status, tripping status in case of any fault which is acquired from the relay placed on the breaker and energy meter reading which includes voltage, current, power etc values.

2) Data taken as input from transformers: Oil temperature and winding temperature.

So, Field Data comes to NMCC sever by two ways:

GPRS based communication: The data taken from the less important substations as input at NMCC for monitoring through GPRS.

Optical Fiber based communication: The data from very important substations are taken as input from NMCC through OFC.

a)GPRS Based Communication: The data from the field comes to NMCC server as input through GPRS. For GPRS based communication FRTU is used. The data from the field comes to NMCC server as input through GPRS. For GPRS based communication FRTU is connected .

GPRS M2M Gateway

Feeder remote terminal unit (FRTU): Field Engineers are on the front line, involved in every phase of our business—from acquiring the first data needed for drilling decisions to designing plans for long-range development of complex multiwall, multi reservoir fields. They provide this data from some of the world’s toughest environments. This product containing switch controller and terminal device controls switches with host server. The size is smaller than existing product, and the economic efficiency is higher. And it improves the efficiency of the distribution automation system by providing various services such as power quality monitoring function.

GPRS Gateway

PLC Card

24V Supply

Terminal Block

PLC Card: A programmable logic controller is a specialized computer used to control machines and processes.  It therefore shares common terms with typical PCs like central processing unit, memory, software and communications.  Unlike a personal computer though the PLC is designed to survive in a rugged industrial atmosphere and to be very flexible in how it interfaces with inputs and outputs to the real world.The components that make a PLC work can be divided into three core areas.

The power supply and rack.The central processing unit (CPU).The input/output (I/O) section.

b)Optical Fiber communication/ Fiber optics (FO) based communication: In more important substations the data is taken as input at NMCC server through optical fiber also known as fiber optics. For this RTU (Remote Terminal Unit) is placed in the field for giving out data input for monitoring and taking data output from NMCC for control. Optical Fiber based communication: The data from very important substations are taken as input from NMCC through OFC. Fiber optics (optical fibers) are long, thin strands of very pure glass about the size of a human hair. They are arranged in bundles called optical cables and used to transmit signals over long distances.

 Fiber Optics TransmissionLow AttenuationVery High Bandwidth (THz)Small Size and Low WeightNo Electromagnetic InterferenceLow Security RiskElements of Optical TransmissionElectrical-to-optical TransducersOptical MediaOptical-to-electrical TransducersDigital Signal Processing, repeaters and clock recovery.

Types of Optical FiberMulti Mode:(a)Step-index – Core and Cladding material has uniform but different refractive index.(b) Graded Index – Core material has variable index as a function of the radial distance from the center.

Single Mode: The core diameter is almost equal to the wave length of the emitted light so that

it propagates along a single path.

Remote Terminal Unit (RTU): A remote terminal unit (RTU) is a microprocessor-controlled electronic device that interfaces objects in the physical world to a distributed control system or SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition) system by transmitting telemetry data to a master system, and by using messages from the master supervisory system to control connected objects.[1] Another term that may be used for RTU is remote telecontrol unit

Power supply: A form of power supply will be included for operation from the AC mains for various CPU, status wetting voltages and other interface cards. This may consist of AC to DC converters where operated from a station battery system.

Digital inputs: Most RTUs incorporate an input section or input status cards to acquire two state real portion. This is usually accomplished by using an isolated voltage or current source to sense the position of a remote contact (open or closed) at the RTU site. This contact position may represent many different devices, including electrical breakers, liquid valve positions, alarm conditions, and mechanical and positions of devices.

Analog inputs: An RTU can monitor analog inputs of different types including 0-1 mA, 4–20 mA current loop, 0–10 V., ±2.5 V, ±5.0 V etc. Many RTU inputs buffer larger quantities via transducers to convert and isolate real world quantities from sensitive RTU input levels. An RTU can also receive analog data via a communication system from a master or IED (Intelligent Electronic Device) sending data values to it.

Digital (control) outputs: RTUs may drive high current capacity relays to a digital output (or "DO") board to switch power on and off to devices in the field. The DO board switches voltage to the coil in the relay, which closes the high current contacts, which completes the power circuit to the device.

RTU outputs may also consist of driving a sensitive logic input on an electronic PLC, or other electronic device using a sensitive 5 V input.

Analog outputs: While not as commonly used, analog outputs may be included to control devices that require varying quantities, such as graphic recording instruments (strip charts). Summed or massaged data quantities may be generated in a master SCADA system and output for display locally or remotely, wherever needed.

Communication Card Unit (CMU): All the information from DI and DO cards goes to CMU and from Ethernet port of CMU the data is send to switch where it gets converted into optical data from digital data and transmitted through FO to NMCC server. The data of the energy meter and AI is also send to CMU.

Adapter Card: This card is used to link various DI, DO and AI cards present in different rows and send the data of these cards to CMU.

24V relay: For controlling the breaker requires a high voltage of 110V.But the DO and DI cards works on a very low voltage of 5V.On DO card a relay is used to convert 5V to 24V and this 24V is further converted into 110V with the help of relay switches to switch on or off the breakers.

In RTU data outputs (DO) can also be given for controlling unlike FRTU. The optical fiber is connected to the RTU through a switch which converts digital data into optical data so that it can be transmitted through optical fiber and reach to NMCC.

Control Room Engineering:

The data comes as an input to NMCC server through Optical Fibers from very important substations and through GPRS from other substation. The servers are installed in NMCC server room.

Server: A server is a running instance of an application (software) capable of accepting requests from the client and giving responses accordingly. Servers can run on any computer including dedicated computers, which individually are also often referred to as "the server".

a)Different Type s of servers:

A front end processor (FEP) or a communications processor:

Application Server (AS):

UDW SERVER (UTILITY DATA WAREHOUSE):

Active Directory (AD):

Data Engineering (DE):

Backup Server(BS):

b)WS-500: WS-500is the software used by NMCC for implementing SCADA.The hardware and the software required for the setup of SCADA system is provided by the company ABB. Ws-500 has two parts.Control System Overview: is a device, or set of devices, that manages commands, directs or regulates the behavior of other devices or systems. Industrial control systems are used in industrial production for controlling equipment or machines. Power System Overview: OPAL-RT provides a complete range of real-time digital simulators and control prototyping systems for power grids, power electronics, motor drives and other mechatronic systems. Under the ePOWERgrid umbrella, these real-time systems help you perform feasibility studies, develop new concepts, design and test your controllers for a wide variety of applications including small power converters, hybrid electric drives, large power grids and renewable energy systems.

Power System Overview Shows Us Three Parts of it Consisting Several things but Mainly of this things as these are a sort of things;- 

SubstationHT Switch HouseFeeder Wise S.L.D

Substation: A substation is a part of an electrical generation, transmission, and distribution system. Substations transform voltage from high to low, or the reverse, or perform any of several other important functions. Between the generating station and consumer, electric power may flow through several substations at different voltage levels.

- Breaker is on - Breaker is off

- Transformer

- Isolator

- Trip

Feeder Wise SLD: A feeder line is a peripheral route or branch in a network, which connects smaller or more remote nodes with a route or branch carrying heavier traffic. The term is applicable to any system based on a hierarchical network in telecommunications, a feeder line branches from a main line or trunk line.

HT Switch House: In an electric power system, switchgear is the combination of electrical disconnect switches, fuses or circuit breakers used to control, protect and isolate electrical equipment. Switchgear is used both to de-energize equipment to allow work to be done and to clear faults downstream. This type of equipment is directly linked to the reliability of the electricity supply.

Benefits of implementing SCADA in Power Distribution Network:-  Reduction of downtime via full time monitoring of all substation devices and critical parameters.

Labor savings derived from ability to troubleshoot, identify and correct problems.

Identifying exact fault location (Breaker) at a glance. No need to visit multiple locations to identify fault. Ability to record the history of substation operations and fine tune the efficiency of breakers and relays.

Real time power and energy monitoring and recording provided the user with comprehensive load profiles and growth planning.

Monitor deviation of voltages and other critical values such as hours of operation, number of closures etc to extend useful life of Sub-Stations.

Provide real time stamping and recording of all power quality events at the substation.

Monitor and control feeder loading and continual balancing of loads.

Remote switching of feeder breakers and electronic tagging.

Increased degree of safety for line crews responsible for identifying fault locations and restoring service power.