abdellatif et al_urban patterns suitable for human settlements in egyptian desert_jul2005

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اﻟﻤﺼﺮﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺤﺎري اﻟﻌﻤﺮاﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺠﻤﻌﺎت اﻟﻤﻼﺋﻢ اﻟﻌﻤﺮاﻧﻲ اﻟﻨﺴﻴﺞ ﺼﺎﺋﺺ١ Characteristics of Urban Patterns Suitable for Human Settlements in the Egyptian Deserts اﻟﺤﺎﻓﻆ ﻋﺒﺪ ﻧﺎﺟﻲ أﻣﺎﻧﻲ. م** د. اﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻋﺒﺪ ﻋﺼﺎم ﻣﺤﻤﺪ** د. ﻗﺮﻳﻦ أﺑﻮ اﻟﻌﺎل ﻋﺒﺪ ﻋﻨﺘﺮ** أﺣ ﻣﺤﻤﻮد.د. أ اﻟﻠﻄﻴﻒ ﻋﺒﺪ ﻤﺪ* ﻣﻌﻴﺪة ﻣﺪرس ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ أﺳﺘﺎذ أﺳﺘﺎذ اﻟﻌﻤﺎرة ﻗﺴﻢ* أﺳﻴﻮط ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ، آﻠﻴﺔ، اﻟﻌﻤﺎرة، ﻗﺴﻢ** اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ آﻠﻴﺔ، اﻟﻤﻨﻴﺎ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ١ ﻗﺮﻳﻦ أﺑﻮ ﻣﺤﻤﻮد؛ ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﻠﻄﻴﻒ،. أﻣﺎﻧﻲ وﻧﺎﺟﻲ، ﻋﺼﺎم؛ ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ، ﻋﻨﺘﺮ،، ٢٠٠٥ . ﺮﻳﺔѧ اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺎريѧ ﺑﺎﻟﺼѧ اﻟﻌﻤﺮاﻧﻴﺎتѧ ﻟﻠﺘﺠﻤﻌѧ اﻟﻤﻼﺋѧ اﻟﻌﻤﺮاﻧﻴﺞѧ اﻟﻨﺴ ﺼﺎﺋﺺ. ﺔ،ѧ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳѧ ﻟﻜﻠﻴѧ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴѧ اﻟﻤﺠﻠ اﻟﻤﻨﻴﺎ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ، : اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ٢٤ ، اﻟ ﻌﺪد: ١ ، ﻳﻮﻟﻴﻮ، ﻔﺤﺎت: ٣٠٦ - ٣١٨ . : ﻠﺨﺺ اﻟﻤﺤﻴﻄﺔ، اﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺗﻮاﻓﻘﻪ ﺑﻌﺪم ﺑﻤﺼﺮ اﻟﻤﻄﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺼﺤﺮاوﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﺠﺎرب ﻣﻦ ﻟﻠﻌﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻌﻤﺮاﻧﻲ اﻟﻨﺴﻴﺞ ﺘﺴﻢ و ﻋﺪﻳﺪة ﻷﺳﺒﺎب ذﻟﻚ أهﻤﻬﺎ اﻟﺼﺤﺎري وﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﻋﻦ وﺧﺼﺎﺋﺼﻬﺎ ﻣﻨﺎﺧﻬﺎ ﻳﺨﺘﻠﻒ أﺧﺮى ﺑﻴﺌﺎت ﻣﻦ أو اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻢ اﻟﻮادي ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﺮاﻧﻴﺔ أﻧﻤﺎط ﻧﻘﻞ اﻟﺒﺤﺜﻴﺔ اﻟﻮرﻗﺔ هﺬﻩ ﺗﻬﺪف ﺛﻢ وﻣﻦ. واﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻬﺎ اﻟﺼﺤﺮاوﻳﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﺮاﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﻼﺋﻤﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻳﺠﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻤﺎ اﻟﻤﺼﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﻼﺋﻢ اﻟﻨﺴﻴﺞ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ اﺳﺘﺨﻼص ﻣﺤﺎوﻟﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﺼﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﺼﺤﺎري ﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﺪﻓﺔ اﻟﺘﺠﻤﻌﺎت ﻟﺘﻠﻚ. ﺑﻤﺼﺮ اﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ وأهﻢ آﺄﺣﺪث اﻟﻮادي ﺟﻨﻮب اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻬﺪف وﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺗﺒﺪأ اﻟﻮرﻗﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﺮاﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻸﻧﺴﺠﺔ وﺗﻮﺻﻴﻔﺎ ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻔﺎ ﻳﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻘﺪﻣﺔ، اﻟﺼﺤﺮاوﻳﺔ ﺛﻢ اﻟﻤﻌﺮوﻓﺔ، د راﺳﺔ اﻟﻌﻤ ﻟﻸﻧﺴﺠﺔ وﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪ، ﺑﺎﻟﻮادي هﺮﻳﺮة أﺑﻮ ﻟﻘﺮﻳﺔ ﻣﻴﺪاﻧﻴﺔ ودراﺳﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ، اﻟﺼﺤﺮاوﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﺠﺎرب ﺑﻌﺾ ﻓﻲ ﺮاﻧﻴﺔ. وﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻣﺔ ﺑﺨﻼﺻﺔ اﻟﻮرﻗﺔ وﺗﺨﺘﻢAbstract: Many previous academic studies have confirmed that the urban patterns of many new settlements in the Egyptian deserts were incompatible with the harsh climatic and environmental conditions of the desert. Although there are many reasons for that, but the application of urban patterns used in the Nile Valley and the Delta, which are of completely different climatic and environmental conditions, is certainly the most important of these reasons. Therefore, it is the purpose of this paper to investigate the main characteristics of urban patterns that highly meet the climatic and environmental conditions of the Egyptian deserts. In this regard, the research pays special emphasis on South of the Valley Region, as it is the biggest desert development project Egypt is currently embarking. In reaching its objectives, the paper starts with an introduction and an analysis and classification of urban patterns prevailing in desert areas. Then, it presents an analytical study of the main components of the urban fabric (urban masses, urban spaces, streets) and the possible ways for adapting such elements to desert conditions. Then, the paper presents an analytical comparative study of urban patterns applied in some existing desert settlements. It also presents the results of a field study of Abu Horiara Village in New Valley desert region. Finally, it presents the main results and some important recommendations for urban development in desert regions of Egypt. ١ - : ﻘﺪﻣﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ، ﺑﺼﻔﺔ ﺧﺎص ﺑﻮﺟﻪ وﻣﺼﺮ، ا اﻟﺴﻜﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﺘﺰاﻳﺪ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﻟﺤﻞ اﻟﺪوﻟﺔ ﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺻﺤﺎرﻳﻬﺎ، ﺑﻐﺰو ﻤﺘﻔﺎﻗﻤﺔ ﺑﺈﻧﺸﺎء ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﺸﺮوﻋﺎت اﻟﺴﻮﻳﺲ ﻗﻨﺎة ﺑﺸﻖ ﻋﺸﺮ اﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ اﻟﻘﺮن أواﺧﺮ ﻣﻨﺬ اﻟﻤﺸﺮوﻋﺎت ﺗﻠﻚ ﺗﻌﺪدت وﻗﺪ. اﻟﺼﺤﺮاوﻳﺔ ا اﻟﻮادي ﻣﺸﺮوع ﺛﻢ ﻣﺪﻧﻬﺎ، وإﻗﺎﻣﺔﻓﻲ) اﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﺮ وﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺔ ﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪ واﻟﺘﻮاﺑﻊ اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة اﻟﻤﺪن وﻣﺸﺮوﻋﺎت،( اﻟﻌﺸﺮﻳﻦ اﻟﻘﺮن ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﺘﻴﻨﺎت ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﻼم ﺗﺮﻋﺔ ﻣﺸﺮوع ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻤﺘﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﺸﺮوﻋﺎت اﻟﺪوﻟﺔ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻧﺠﺪ وﺣﺪﻳﺜﺎ،( اﻟﻘﺮن ذات ﻣﻦ واﻟﺜﻤﺎﻧﻴﻨﺎت اﻟﺴﺒﻌﻴﻨﺎتﻓﻲ) ﺗﻮﺷﻜﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻼ) اﻟﻮادي ﺟﻨﻮب وﻣﺸﺮوع ﺳﻴﻨﺎء،- اﻟﻌﻮﻳﻨﺎت ﺷﺮق- .( اﻷرﺑﻌﻴﻦ درب) ٢٢ ( وﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﻟﻠﺘﺠﻤﻌﺎت ﻧﺎﺟﺤﺔ ﻋﻤﺮاﻧﻴﺔ ﻄﻂ. ﻣﺰاﻳﺎهﺎ واﺳﺘﻐﻼل ﻣﺜﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎ ﻟﺘﻼﻓﻲ أوﻻ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﺠﻤﻌﺎت دراﺳﺔ ﻳﺠﺐ اﻟﻌﻤﻼﻗﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮوﻋﺎت ﺑﺘﻠﻚ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﺪﻓﺔ و أهﻤ أﺳﺒﺎب ﻟﻌﺪة ذﻟﻚ وﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﻟﻬﺎ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﺪف اﻟﻨﻤﻮ ﻳﺤﻘﻖ ﻟﻢ ﻣﻌﻈﻤﻬﺎ أن ﻧﺠﺪ ﺑﻤﺼﺮ اﻟﻤﻄﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﺠﺎرب وﺑﺪراﺳﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ،: ﻬﺎ آ ﺒﺮ ﺗﻠﻚ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ أﺣﺠﺎم ا و ﻟﺘﺠﻤﻌﺎت، أ و، ذاﺗﻴﺎ ﻣﻜﺘﻔﻲ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻧﺠﺪ ﺛﻢ وﻣﻦ ﻟﻬﺎ اﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﺣﺎدﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺌﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﺮاﻧﻴﺔ أﻧﺴﺠﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﻼءﻣﺔ ﺪم ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺼﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻐﺎﻳﺮة أﺧﺮى ﺑﻴﺌﺎت ﻣﻦ أو اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻢ اﻟﻮادي ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﺮاﻧﻴﺔ أﻧﻤﺎط ﻧﻘﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎدهﺎ ﻧﻈﺮا اﻟﻤﺤﻴﻄﺔ اﻟﺼﺤﺮاوﻳﺔ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﻋﻦ. اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﺪﻓﺔ اﻟﺼﺤﺎري و ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺤﺜﻴﺔ اﻟﻮرﻗﺔ هﺬﻩ وﺗﻌﻨﻲ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻔﺎﺋﻬﺎ، ﺧﺎﺻﺔ دراﺳﺔ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺗﻔﻨﺪ أن ﻳﺠﺐ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ آﻞ أن ﻧﺠﺪ اﻟﻤﺸﻜﻼت ﺗﻠﻚ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﻌﻤﻖ ل ﺑﺪراﺳﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﺪﻓﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﺮاﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺠﻤﻌﺎت اﻟﻤﻼﺋﻢ اﻟﻌﻤﺮاﻧﻲ اﻟﻨﺴﻴﺞ ﺼﺎﺋﺺ اﻟﻤﺆﺛﺮة اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ أهﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﻼ ﺗﻤﺜﻞ ﺑﺄﻧﻬﺎ ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ واﻟﺘﻲ ﻧﺠﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻷهﺪا ﺑﻬﺎ واﻟﻮﺻﻮل اﻟﺘﺠﻤﻌﺎت ﺗﻠﻚ ح. اﻟﻤﻨﺸﻮدة ﻬﺎ

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On how climate affects our architecture.

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  • streseD naitpygE eht ni stnemeltteS namuH rof elbatiuS snrettaP nabrU fo scitsiretcarahC

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    eht ni stnemelttes wen ynam fo snrettap nabru eht taht demrifnoc evah seiduts cimedaca suoiverp ynaM .tresed eht fo snoitidnoc latnemnorivne dna citamilc hsrah eht htiw elbitapmocni erew stresed naitpygE dna yellaV eliN eht ni desu snrettap nabru fo noitacilppa eht tub ,taht rof snosaer ynam era ereht hguohtlA tsom eht ylniatrec si ,snoitidnoc latnemnorivne dna citamilc tnereffid yletelpmoc fo era hcihw ,atleD eht fo scitsiretcarahc niam eht etagitsevni ot repap siht fo esoprup eht si ti ,eroferehT .snosaer eseht fo tnatropmi siht nI .stresed naitpygE eht fo snoitidnoc latnemnorivne dna citamilc eht teem ylhgih taht snrettap nabru tresed tseggib eht si ti sa ,noigeR yellaV eht fo htuoS no sisahpme laiceps syap hcraeser eht ,drager .gnikrabme yltnerruc si tpygE tcejorp tnempoleved

    nabru fo noitacifissalc dna sisylana na dna noitcudortni na htiw strats repap eht ,sevitcejbo sti gnihcaer nI nabru eht fo stnenopmoc niam eht fo yduts lacitylana na stneserp ti ,nehT .saera tresed ni gniliaverp snrettap tresed ot stnemele hcus gnitpada rof syaw elbissop eht dna )steerts ,secaps nabru ,sessam nabru( cirbaf emos ni deilppa snrettap nabru fo yduts evitarapmoc lacitylana na stneserp repap eht ,nehT .snoitidnoc yellaV weN ni egalliV arairoH ubA fo yduts dleif a fo stluser eht stneserp osla tI .stnemelttes tresed gnitsixe nabru rof snoitadnemmocer tnatropmi emos dna stluser niam eht stneserp ti ,yllaniF .noiger tresed .tpygE fo snoiger tresed ni tnempoleved

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