Exploring The Potential of Mobile

Learning in Instruction

Prepared by:

Mohamed KharbachPrepared for: MoRCE-Net 5th

Annual Conference

Feb 2nd, 2017

Outline1- Introduction

2- Emergence of Mobile Learning

3- Nomadic Learners/ Non-places

4- What Is Mobile Learning?

5- Advantages of Mobile Learning in Education

6- Attributes of Mobile Learning

7- Drawbacks of Mobile Learning

8- App Evaluation Criteria

9- Suggested Apps to Use in Your Teaching (see attached document)

10- Teacher Resources on Mobile Learning (see attached document)

11- References

“A society which is mobile, which is full of

channels for distribution of a change occurring

anywhere, must see to it that its members are

educated to personal initiative and adaptability.

Otherwise, they will be overwhelmed by the

changes in which they are caught and whose

significance or connections they do not

perceive’ (Dewey, 1916)

We are living in a mobile connected world

Information Communication Technologies (ICTs)

First wave Second wave

Electronic devices such

as : Radio, TV,

Telephone, Fax,

Computers (desktop)

Mobile devices such as:

Mobile phones, Tablets,

Handheld laptops, Personal

Digital Assistants

(PDAs)...etc

‘For the first time ever there are more gadgets in the world than there are people,’

(Boren, 2014)’

Source: Statista report on 2016 mobile Internet usage

https://www.statista.com/topics/779/mobile-internet/

‘ For the first time in history, children

are more comfortable,

knowledgeable, and literate than their

parents about an innovation central to

society.‘ (Tapscott, 1998. p. 2).

1- Emergence of a new concept: Mobile Learning

2- Mobile learners use their

handheld devices to access the

web and connect with the outer

world anywhere they go and

anytime they want.

1

Nomadic Learners

2

Non-places

(Shepherd, 2001)

What is Mobile Learning ?

1- ‘‘Any educational provision where the sole or dominant technologies are

handheld or palmtop devices.’’ ( Traxler, 2009 cited in Crompton et al. 2016, p.

150)

2- ‘‘The processes of coming to know through conversations across multiple

contexts among people and personal interactive technologies’’ (Sharples et al.

2007. p. 224 cited in Crompton et al. 2016)

3- “It's elearning through mobile computational devices: Palms, Windows CE

machines, even your digital cell phone.” (Quinn, 2000)

4- ‘M-learning is not just electronic, it's mobile. It's e-learning for people who have

learned the lesson that it's hard to hit a moving target.’(Shepherd, 2001)

Mobile learning is a learner-oriented approach that makes

use of mobile, handheld and often Internet enabled,

devices to access, interact, share, communicate and

connect with the outer world.

Advantages of Mobile Learning in education

1- Quick and easy access

2- Learning on the go

3- ‘ Help enhance encoding, recall, and transfer of information by allowing learners to access content in multiple formats

and highlighting the context and uses of the information’ (p 31, C1P1)

4- ‘Helps reach marginalized populations and improve education systems’ (Traxler, 2014)

5- Consolidate and extends face to face learning

6- Supports different modes and styles of learning

7- Enhances personalized learning

8- Encourages collaborative learning ( Behera, 2013)

Advantages of ML in education (Follow-up)

9- Time-saving (Behera, 2013)

10- Environmental-friendly (Behera, 2013)

11- Can attend to students with special needs

12- Promotes inquiry based learning (Wilson, M & Bolliger, D, 2013)

13- Learning autonomy and responsibility

14- Offers Meaningful learning experiences

Attributes of Mobile Learning

Drawbacks of Mobile Learning

1- Lack of solid theoretical background given the novelty of the concept

2- Privacy issues, personal information

3- Technical problems with devices,

4- Do not support some educational tasks such as extensive writing, given the specifics of screen displays and keyboards.

5- limitations in network connectivity

6- Small screens can result in eyestrain especially for users who use them for extended period of time.

7- Besides the cost of the phone, there is also the cost of cellular service and data plans

Apps Evaluation Criteria/Guidelines

Jonas-Dwyer et al. (2012) App Evaluation Framework.

1- Consider the credibility of the app developers

2- Determine whether the app is relevant in your context

3- Is the written and visual content aimed at the appropriate level?

4- Is there an advantage of using an app over a web based equivalent?

5- Consider the design and usability of the app

6- How does the app perform?

7- How much does it cost and are the updates free?

9- Consider whether the app can be customized or is extendable

8- Consider whether the app providers keep the information private?

1-Consider the credibility of the app developers

2- Determine whether the app is relevant in your context

3- Is the written and visual content aimed at the appropriate level?

4- Is there an advantage of using an app over a web based equivalent?

5- Consider the design and usability of the app

6- How does the app perform?

7- How much does it cost and are the updates free?

9- Consider whether the app can be customized or is extendable

8- Consider whether the app providers keep the information private

References

Angwin, J. & Valentino-Devries, J. (2011). Apple, Google collect user data. The Wall Street Journal.Retrieved from

http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703983704576277101723453610

Behera, S. (2013). M-Learning : A new learning paradigm. International Journal on New Trends in Education and Their Implications. 4(2). Retrieved from

http://www.ijonte.org/FileUpload/ks63207/File/03.behera.pdf.

Born, Z. (2014). There are officially more mobile devices than people in the world. Independent. Retrieved from:http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-

tech/news/there-are-officially-more-mobile-devices-than-people-in-the-world-9780518.html

Crompton, H., Burke, D., Gregory, K., & Grabe, C. (2016). The Use of Mobile Learning in Science: A Systematic Review. J Sci Educ Technol. 25:149–160, DOI

10.1007/s10956-015-9597-x

Dewey, J. (1916). Democracy and Education.New York: Free Press.

Hockly, N. (2012). Mobile learning. ELT J. 67 (1): 80-84. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/ccs064

JISC. (2012). Mobile learning infoKit. Retrieved from http://goo.gl/txDkB (Last accessed on 27January 2017).

Jonas-Dwyer, D., et al. (2012). Evaluating apps for learning and teaching. iJET. 7(1).

References (follow-up)

Kynäslahti, H. (2003) In Search of elements of mobility in the context of education. In H. Kynäslahti & P. Seppälä (Eds.), Mobile learning (pp. 41–48). IT Press:

Helsinki.

Kukulska-Hulme, A. (2009). Will mobile learning change language learning?. ReCALL. 21(2): 157–65.

Quinn, C. (2000). mLearning: Mobile, Wireless and In-Your-Pocket Learning. Line Zine Magazine. Retrieved from

http://www.linezine.com/2.1features/cqmmwiyp.htm

Sharples, M., Taylor, J., & Vavoula, G. (2007). A theory of learning for the mobile age. In R. Andrews & C. Haythornthwaite (Eds), The Sage handbook of elearning

research. (pp. 221–247) Sage: London,

Seppala, P., & Alamaki, H. (2003). Mobile learning in teacher training. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning. 19, 330-335.

Shepherd, C. (2001). M is for maybe. Retrieved from http://www.fastrak-consulting.co.uk/tactix/Features/mlearning.htm,

Statista. (n.d.). Statistics and facts on mobile Internet usage. Retrieved from https://www.statista.com/topics/779/mobile-internet/

Tapscott, D. (1998). Growing up digital: The Rise of the net generation. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Taller, J & Vosloo, S. (2014). Introduction: The prospects for mobile learning. Prospects. 44:13-28. DOI 10.1007/s11125-014-9296-z

References (follow-up)

Thurn, S. & Kane,Y. (2010). Your apps are watching you. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from

http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704694004576020083703574602

Traxler, J. 2009. ‘Learning in a mobile age’. International Journal of Mobile and Blended Learning. 1(1): 1–12.

Trinkle, D., & Merrinam, S. (2006). A 21st Century guide to Internet resources.4th ed. New York: M,E. Sharpe.

Wilson, M., & Bolliger, D. (2013). Mobile learning: Endless possibilities for allied health educators. Journal of Diagnostic Medical Sonography. 29(5): 220-224. DOI:

10.1177/8756479313503734

Image sources:

Slide 1: https://www.jisc.ac.uk/podcasts/networkshop43-register-for-your-chance-to-win-an-ipad-air-02-feb-2015

Slide 3: John Dewey: http://combiboilersleeds.com/authors/john-dewey-1.html

Slide 4: https://pixabay.com/en/human-faces-personal-connected-977414/

Slide 9: https://www.flickr.com/photos/125135071@N06/15257863222

Slide 10: http://playingwithmedia.com/category/tips/

Slide 13: https://www.flickr.com/photos/mikecogh/7691519996

Slide 18: https://pixabay.com/en/tree-app-structure-networks-gears-426264/

Slide 21: https://www.flickr.com/photos/davidjoyner/500147051/

Slide 22: https://www.pexels.com/photo/blurred-lines-keyboard-laptop-macbook-56757/

Slide 23: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scribd

Image sources (follow-up)

Slide 24: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Augmented-reality.jpg

Slide 25:https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Performance-Evaluation-Process-z.jpg

Slide 26:https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:System-software-update.svg

Slide 27: http://maxpixel.freegreatpicture.com/Interface-Ux-Mobile-Design-Webdesign-App-Business-787980

Slide: 28: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:System-software-update.svg