A White Paper Created by a Task Force of the IEEE TC Sub-Committee on Standards

Recommendations to the IEEE Transformer Committee (TC) on Recommended Changes, Deletions, and

Insertions Related to Normalizing the References of Insulating Liquids throughout the

IEEE TC Standard Series.

ContentsGeneral Statement of Purpose...............................................................................................................2

Background on the Need for the White Paper......................................................................................2

The White Paper Task Force..................................................................................................................2

Classification of Issues and Areas in Need of Review.........................................................................3

1. Omissions of various alternative insulating liquids in existing clauses even though inclusion is technically valid........................................................................................................3

2. Clauses where generic oil terms are used but should be limited to certain insulating liquid(s) for technical reasons.....................................................................................................3

3. Clauses where revisions may be necessary based on different technical properties of insulating liquids...........................................................................................................................4

4. Clauses where the same insulating liquid type is referred to with different nomenclatures4

5. Clauses where different terms are being used interchangeably.............................................4

Additional Guidance for Reviewing Standards for Insulating Liquid Term Normalization...............5

Acknowledgements..................................................................................................................................5

ANNEX A – General Definitions.............................................................................................................6

ANNEX B – Examples of Recommended Changes.............................................................................7

1 Recommendations to the IEEE Transformer Committee (TC) on Recommended Changes, Deletions, and Insertions Related to Normalizing the References of Insulating Liquids Throughout the IEEE TC Standard Series.

General Statement of PurposeThe objectives of this white paper are to 1) support improved consistency and technical accuracy of the terms related to various insulating liquids and 2) provide a tool to guide those involved with Transformer Committee standards’ development. The suggestions provided in this guide are not mandatory for the Working Groups when revising standards. However, it is the wish of the Standards Subcommittee (SC) that these recommendations be carefully considered when standards are under revision.

Background on the Need for the White PaperWhen IEEE Transformer Committee standards were first developed, the vast majority of liquid-filled transformers used mineral oil-based insulating liquids. Until the 1970s, the only significant alternatives to mineral oil were fire-resistant askarel-based insulating liquids. After the demise of askarel, several alternative insulating liquids and gases appeared on the market. The growing number of transformers filled with alternative insulating liquids has led to the development of new standards for three alternative insulating liquid types: Silicone, High Molecular Weight Hydrocarbon, and Ester based. However, many existing standards in the Transformer Committee’s domain acknowledge only mineral oil. Furthermore, even the mineral oil terms are not consistent within the C57 standards series and often within clauses of a same standard. Thus, the SC of Standards sponsored a Task Force to explore recommendations for standardization of terms related to insulating liquids.

The White Paper Task ForceIn order to assure that the recommendations were reached from each technical specialty in a collaborative manner, Task Force volunteers were sought from the SC of Insulating Fluids, the SC of Standards, and most importantly, from the Working Groups (WG) involved in the standard-making process within each SC. The following individuals volunteered to help in this project.

William Bartley Jagdish BurdeDonald Cherry David Hanson

David Harris, Vice Chair William HenningStephen Shull, Secretary John Luksich

Susan McNelly Patrick McShane, ChairJerry Murphy Nicholas PerjanikJerry Reeves David Sundin

2 Recommendations to the IEEE Transformer Committee (TC) on Recommended Changes, Deletions, and Insertions Related to Normalizing the References of Insulating Liquids Throughout the IEEE TC Standard Series.

Classification of Issues and Areas in Need of ReviewThe White Paper Task Force identified five types of issues that were in need of consideration during the review and recommendation processes. The five types of frequently recurring issues are listed below.

1. Omissions of various alternative insulating liquids in existing clauses even though inclusion is technically validExample 1a: The following standard only mentions mineral oil in its Scope: IEEE Std C57.12.34™-2004, IEEE Standard Requirements for Pad-Mounted, Compartmental-Type, Self-Cooled, Three-Phase Distribution Transformers (2500 kVA and Smaller) ─ “This standard covers certain electrical, dimensional, and mechanical characteristics and takes into consideration certain safety features of three-phase, 60 Hz, mineral-oil-immersed, …” Because this standard covers liquid insulated pad-mounted transformers in general, it needs to reflect that in its Scope.Solution: Change the wording from “mineral-oil-insulated” to “insulating liquid immersed.”

Example 1b: Standard C57.12.20 for Overhead Transformers 500 kVA and Smaller… has a clause in Section 3.2 on page 2, which states: “The complete transformer housing, tank, cover, band, etc., that contains the oil, the core and coil, the accessories, etc.,”. Because alternative insulating liquids are used in transformers covered by this standard, it should reflect that as appropriated throughout.Solution: Change the wording from “oil” to “insulating liquids.” However, if the SC responsible for this standard determines that the standard is only suitable for mineral oil filled units then at a minimum the word “mineral” should be added before the word “oil.”

2. Clauses where generic oil terms are used but should be limited to certain insulating liquid(s) for technical reasonsExample: IEEE Std C57.106 : IEEE Guide for Acceptance and Maintenance of Insulating Oil in Equipment standard is currently limited to Type I and Type II mineral oils. Also, there are specific DGA Guides and WGs for certain alternative fluids. There appears to be a consensus to establish a generic term for all liquid dielectric coolants: “insulating liquid(s).” Solution: The word “Mineral” should be inserted before the word “Oil” in the title. Thus, the wording should be “mineral oil insulating liquid,” at least in the title, scope, purpose, and introduction of the standard. Thereafter, a shortened version or acronym should be used. For example, “mineral oil insulating liquid,” hereafter referred to as “mineral oil.”

3 Recommendations to the IEEE Transformer Committee (TC) on Recommended Changes, Deletions, and Insertions Related to Normalizing the References of Insulating Liquids Throughout the IEEE TC Standard Series.

3. Clauses where revisions may be necessary based on different technical properties of insulating liquids Example: IEEE Std. 62 (no longer an active standard) had recommended power factor limits for new and functioning transformers based on mineral oil as the dielectric liquid. However, the overall power factor of a new and operating transformer with alternative insulating liquids (all other variables being equal) could change the initial liquid dissipation values. Therefore, the limit values for the overall power factor of a transformer may be influenced by the type of insulating liquid used in the unit.

4. Clauses where the same insulating liquid type is referred to with different nomenclaturesExamples:

a. Generic: Oil, Insulating Oil, Insulating Fluid, Transformer Oil, Dielectric Coolant Preferred: Insulating Liquid

b. Conventional Mineral Oil: Oil, Insulating Oil, Mineral Oil, Transformer OilPreferred: Mineral Oil

c. Alternative Insulating Liquids:1. Natural Ester: Natural Ester, Vegetable Oil, Natural Ester Fluid, Biodegradable

Fluid.Preferred: Natural Ester

2. Synthetic Ester: Synthetic Ester, Polyol Ester, Pentaerythritol EstersPreferred: Synthetic Ester

3. High Molecular Weight Hydrocarbon: HMWH, High Fire Point Hydrocarbon, Less-flammable Hydrocarbon, High Fire-Point Mineral Insulating Oil (ASTM)Preferred: High Molecular Weight Hydrocarbon (HMWH)

4. Dimethyl Siloxane: Silicone Fluid, Synthetic Oil, Silicone Oil, 50 cSt silicone, PDMSPreferred: Silicone Liquid

5. Clauses where different terms are being used interchangeably Examples:

a. Fluid Filled, Fluid-Filled, Liquid Filled, Liquid-Filled, Liquid Immersed, Liquid-Immersed Preferred: Liquid Immersed

b. Insulating Liquids, Insulating Fluids, Insulating Oils

4 Recommendations to the IEEE Transformer Committee (TC) on Recommended Changes, Deletions, and Insertions Related to Normalizing the References of Insulating Liquids Throughout the IEEE TC Standard Series.

Preferred: Insulating Liquidsc. Alternative Fluids, Synthetic Insulating Liquids, Synthetic Oils, PCB Substitutes,

High Fire Point FluidsPreferred: Alternative Insulating Liquids

Additional Guidance for Reviewing Standards for Insulating Liquid Term Normalization.

The Task Force anticipates that these recommendations will be carefully considered for future revisions of existing standards and as a base for new standards that refer to insulating liquids. It is recommended that when WGs are formed for standards revision, a Task Force formed not only to review the wording for insulating liquid terms, but other terms as well. This white paper should be used by the Working Groups for guidance on the insulating liquid related terms.

A suggested template for reviewing an existing standard undergoing revision with example standards review can be found in Annex B. While most standards have very few occurrences related to insulating liquids, some have many, such as the example shown in the annex for the recent revision of C57.152 which contained over 150 items for revision.

If you need further help in the use of insulating liquids terms and their applicability in transformer applications, please contact the Insulating Fluids Sub-Committee Chair.

AcknowledgementsThe Task Force wishes to express its gratitude to all who contributed to this White Paper and especially to the officers of the SC Standards and SC Insulating Fluids. Without their contributions, this White Paper would not have been possible. A special thanks to the Task Force officers below and the active Task Force Members.

Chair Patrick McShane

Vice Chair Dave Harris

Secretary Steve Shull

Standards Sub-Committee Coordinator Jerry Murphy

Insulating Fluids Sub-Committee Coordinator Sue McNelly

Chemical & Material Technical Consultant Dave Hanson

Power Transformer Technical Consultant Dave Harris

Distribution Transformer Technical Consultant Jerry Corkran

5 Recommendations to the IEEE Transformer Committee (TC) on Recommended Changes, Deletions, and Insertions Related to Normalizing the References of Insulating Liquids Throughout the IEEE TC Standard Series.

ANNEX A – General Definitions

alternative transformer liquids: Insulating liquids, aka dielectric coolants, that are based on sources other than conventional naphthenic petroleum-based mineral oil.

high molecular weight hydrocarbon: An insulating liquid which base is comprised of a high molecular weight hydrocarbon (HMWH) mineral oil, typically with a fire point above 300ºC. For details, please refer to: IEEE Guide for Acceptance and Maintenance of Less-Flammable Hydrocarbon Fluid in Transformers, C57.121.

high oleic based natural ester insulating liquid: An insulating liquid which base is comprised of a natural ester liquid having a high (greater than 75%) oleic acid (monounsaturated fatty acid, C 18:1) level composition, most commonly derived from food grade based triglycerides such as high oleic sunflower seeds.

insulating fluid: Insulating fluids comprised of bases that are either liquid or gas.

insulating liquid: Insulating fluid that remains in the liquid state at normal operating temperatures.

key gases: Gases generated in insulating liquid immersed transformers that can be used for qualitative determination of fault types, based on which gases are typical or predominant at various temperatures.

liquid-immersed transformer: Transformer with a dielectric coolant that are liquid at normal operating temperatures, also referred to as liquid filled transformers.

natural ester insulating liquid: Natural ester insulating liquids are derived from an animal or agricultural (vegetable or seed) source, most commonly food-grade seed based triglycerides such as soy beans.

silicone fluid: An synthetic insulating liquid comprising of polydimethyl siloxanes, typically with a fire point above 300ºC.

synthetic ester insulating liquid: The synthetic ester based insulating liquid, produced by a reaction typically from the combination of an organic acid and an alcohol such as pentaerythritol.

synthetic hydrocarbon oil: An insulating liquid consisting of hydrocarbon compounds that are artificially made (synthesized), often from chemically modified petroleum components rather than whole crude oil, but can also be synthesized from other raw materials.

6 Recommendations to the IEEE Transformer Committee (TC) on Recommended Changes, Deletions, and Insertions Related to Normalizing the References of Insulating Liquids Throughout the IEEE TC Standard Series.

ANNEX B – Examples of Recommended Changes

IEEE Std. C57.12.00 -2010 IEEE Standard for General Requirements for Liquid Immersed Distribution, Power and Regulating Transformers

Page Section and/or Line Current wording Recommended wording

CL4.2 line 9 (such as cables…..tap changers, oil expansion space etc.)

(such as cables…..tap changers, liquid expansion space etc.)

CL6.6.1 b Less flammable hydrocarbon fluid Less flammable hydrocarbon insulating liquid c Silicone fluid Silicone insulating liquid pg33 NOTE3 silicone insulating fluid silicone insulating liquid

CL7.3.5 a Gas generation from oil or solid insulation… Gas generation from liquid or solid ….

Table 18 Tests     pg48 Dissolved gas in oil analysis Dissolved gas in insulating liquid analysis. or   as a minimum, Dissolved gas in liquid analysis…

CL8.7 b 8 pg51 Insulating medium (oil,….) Insulating liquidCL8.7 c6iii pg52 oil flow in winding insulating liquid flow in windingCL8.7 c6iv final bottom and top oil temp final bottom and top insulating liquid temp

7 Recommendations to the IEEE Transformer Committee (TC) on Recommended Changes, Deletions, and Insertions Related to Normalizing the References of Insulating Liquids Throughout the IEEE TC Standard Series.

IEEE Std. C57.12.10 -2010 IEEE Standard Requirements for Liquid Immersed Power Transformers

Page Section and/or Line Current wording Recommended wording

CL4.2.1 line 2 temp rise of insulating fluid…… temp rise of insulating liquid……

CL5.1.3 line6 ….so that it is covered by at least 2.5cm of fluid….at lowest …fluid level

….so that it is covered by at least 2.5cm of liquid….at lowest …liquid level

CL5.1.4 pg11 when a top fluid… when a top liquid…

para3, lines1, 4 is covered by…of fluid….at lowest permissible fluid…

is covered by…of liquid….at lowest permissible liquid…

CL5.1.8 line2 for drainage of liquid…. for drainage of liquid….

CL5.1.9 line3 gas space mounted …under fluid relay. Under fluid relay…

gas space mounted …under liquid relay. Under liquid relay…

CL5.3.3.1 line5 with or without oil…… with or without liquidCL5.3.4 NOTE4 pg17 weight includes complete…. And fluid weight includes complete…. And fluidCL5.7.3 line2 seals the oil in main tank…. seals the insulating liquid in main tank…

line3 the internal top oil pressure… the internal top liquid pressure…CL5.7.3.3 pg20 Liquid level indicator Liquid level indicatorCL5.7.3.4 line3 and is provided with an oil trap…. and is provided with a liquid trap…CL5.9.3 line3 with minimum loss of insulating oil. with minimum loss of insulating liquid

NOTE line2 specified fluid properties.. Specified insulating liquid propertiesCL6.2.2 d pg28 on side of each oil filled compartment on side of each liquid-filled compartment

8 Recommendations to the IEEE Transformer Committee (TC) on Recommended Changes, Deletions, and Insertions Related to Normalizing the References of Insulating Liquids Throughout the IEEE TC Standard Series.

IEEE Std. PC57. 152 D5.0 Guide for Diagnostic Field Testing of Electric Power Apparatus- Part 1: Oil Filled Power Transformers, Regulators, and Reactors v.3.5.12 CPM

9 Recommendations to the IEEE Transformer Committee (TC) on Recommended Changes, Deletions, and Insertions Related to Normalizing the References of Insulating Liquids Throughout the IEEE TC Standard Series.

Page Section and/or Line Current wording Recommended wording

ii Line 23 ...on fluid filled power... ...on liquid filled power... ii Line 34 Fluid filled transformers, Liquid filled transformers,ii Line 34 , insulating fluids, Add to list: ,"insulating liquid, dielectric coolants,"….iv Line 37 Diagnostic Field Testing of Fluid Filled Transformer Diagnostic Field Testing of liquid Filled Transformervii Line 201 Insulating fluid Insulating liquid1 Line 350 …on fluid filled power… …on liquid filled power.. 4 Table 5 -Main Oil Quality Tests and DGA Insulating Liquid Quality Tests and DGA 4 Table 5 -LTC Oil Quality Tests and DGA Insulating Liquid Quality Tests and DGA 4 Line 476 ...maintence practice – Oil quality,… ...maintence practice – insulating liquid quality,…

7 Line 607 ...draining it of oil is not… ...without all the oil removed,… ...draining it of insulating liquid is not… ...without all the insulating liquid removed,…

7 Line 608 ...possibility of falling into the oil. ...possibility of falling into the insulating liquid. 10 Line 702 Oil temperature, winding…. Insulating liquid temperature, winding….

10 Line 704 Oil levels of the main tank and all oil-filled compartments Liquid levels of the main tank and all insulating liquid-filled compartments

10 Line 714 Cooling fans and oil circulating pumps,…. Cooling fans and insulating liquid circulating pumps, …10 Line 720 ...for signs of oil leakage. ...for signs of insulating liquid leakage. 10 Line 721 ….and repair any oil leaks. ….and repair any insulating liquid leaks.11 Line 731 ...for cracks, dirt, oil leaks,... ...for cracks, dirt, insulating liquid leaks,... 11 Line 743 ...conservator, or oil preservation system,…. ...conservator, or insulating liquid preservation system,…. 11 Line 744 ...check for oil leakage into the bladder. ...check for insulating liquid leakage into the bladder.11 Line 751 ...cooling, low oil level, low gas… ...cooling, low liquid level, low gas…12 Line 769 This positioning allows the oil in... This positioning allows the insulating liquid in... 12 Line 771 ….and an oil level indicator ….and a liquid level indicator 12 Line 772 ...for the tank’s oil as… ...for the insulating liquid of the tank as…

IEEE Std. PC57. 152 D5.0 Guide for Diagnostic Field Testing of Electric Power Apparatus- Part 1: Oil Filled Power Transformers, Regulators, and Reactors v.3.5.12 CPM

12 Line 773 ….expansion vessel for the tank’s oil. ….expansion vessel for the insulating liquid of the tank.

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Recommendations to the IEEE Transformer Committee (TC) on Recommended Changes, Deletions, and Insertions Related to Normalizing the References of Insulating Liquids Throughout the IEEE TC Standard Series.

12 Line 775 The oil level rises and falls …………, and the oil is… The insulating liquid level rises and falls………... , and the insulating liquid is…

12 Line 777 ….prevent the oil from coming in…. ….prevent the insulating liquid from coming in…. 12 Line 779 As the oil level in the conservator….. As the insulating liquid level in the conservator….. 12 Line 781 ….expansion of the equipment’s oil. ….expansion of the equipment’s insulating liquid.

12 Line 783 The oil level indicated on the liquid level guage... The insulating liquid level indicated on the liquid level guage...

12 Line 784 ….gauge. The top oil temperature ….gauge. The top insulating liquid temperature12 Line 785 The top oil temperature reading….. The top insulating temperature temperature reading….. 12 Line 786 ...correct the oil level gauge reading. ...correct the liquid level gauge reading. 12 Line 790 ...the equipment’s oil. …the insulating liquid of the equipment.12 Line 792 ...unless there is an oil leak, etc. ...unless there is an insulating liquid leak, etc.12 Line 793 Oil sampling for diagnostic Insulating liquid sampling for diagnostic 12 Line 794 Otherwise, oil should never be added … Otherwise, insulating liquid should never be added …12 Line 801 ...during the final oil filling stage. ...during the final insulating liquid filling stage. 13 Line 823 Insulating fluid Insulating liquid13 Line 825 The insulating fluids The insulating liquids

13 Lines 829-830 ...mineral oil and less flammable hydrocarbon, and natural and sythetic ester

...mineral oil and less-flammable hydrocarbon, and natural and sythetic ester

    insulating fluids and the diagnosis of power equipment based

ester insulating fluids and the diagnosis of power equipment based

    on fluid condition [B2–B5]. on the condition of the insulating liquid [B2–B5]. 15 Line 897 ...for mineral oil is given…. ...for mineral insulating oil is given…. 15 Line 898 ...of mineral oil based on color ...of mineral oil based on color

15 Line 899 a Retest to confirm reading prior to scrapping oila Retest to confirm reading prior to scrapping insulating

liquid

IEEE Std. PC57. 152 D5.0 Guide for Diagnostic Field Testing of Electric Power Apparatus- Part 1: Oil Filled Power Transformers, Regulators, and Reactors v.3.5.12 CPM

15 Table 3 Note: Uses the word "fluid" six times Note: Eliminate the word "fluid", or replace with "oil"

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Recommendations to the IEEE Transformer Committee (TC) on Recommended Changes, Deletions, and Insertions Related to Normalizing the References of Insulating Liquids Throughout the IEEE TC Standard Series.

15 Table 3 a Retest to confirm reading prior to scrapping oila Retest to confirm reading prior to scrapping the insulating

mineral oil19 Lines 1046-1047 For mineral oil, this test For mineral insulating oil, this test 20 Line 1076, Table 8 Thoroughly flush and add clean oil Thoroughly flush and add clean insulating liquid21 Line 1123 Once the water content in oil reaches…. When the water content of the insulating liquid reaches….21 Line 1124 ...the dielectric strength of the oil and may... ...the dielectric strength of the insulating liquid and may... 22 Line 1131 equilibrium curves for paper-oil systems, equilibrium curves for paper-mineral oil systems,

22 Line 1136 ...oil temperatures in a de-energized ... moisture in oil... …insulating liquid temperatures in a de-energized ... moisture in the insulating liquid...

22 Line 1142 ..values at various temperatures and for various oils are found in [B25, B26].

..values at various temperatures and for various insluating liquids are found in [B25, B26].

23 Line 1143 gradients for oil-filled 65 K rise gradients for mineral oil-filled 65 K rise 25 Line 1222 ...windings, the oil pumps should... ...windings, the insulating liquid pumps should... 35 Lines 1573 & 1575 ...space (air/oil). Reluctance of…. ...space (air/liquid). Reluctance of…. 41 Line 1791 ...type of oil, the dryness… ...type of insulating liquid, the dryness…41 Line 1792 ...filled with natural ester based oil generally…. ...filled with natural ester fluid generally….41 Line 1794 Winding and oil temperature also… Winding and insulating liquid temperature also…41 Line 1804 …..factor, moisture content of oil. …..factor, and the moisture content of insulating liquid.

46 Line 1977 The most common insulating fluid is mineral oil for power transformers.

The most common insulating liquid is mineral oil for power transformers.

46 Line 1978 ...within a transformer are oil and oil impregnated... ...within a transformer are mineral oil and mineral oil impregnated...

46 Line 1981 ..new power factor limit for oil filled power transformer…. ..new power factor limit for mineral oil filled power transformer….

46 Line 1982 °C. The normal and new… °C and the normal and new…46 Line 1993 Natural ester oils are…. Natural ester fluids are….

IEEE Std. PC57. 152 D5.0 Guide for Diagnostic Field Testing of Electric Power Apparatus- Part 1: Oil Filled Power Transformers, Regulators, and Reactors v.3.5.12 CPM

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Recommendations to the IEEE Transformer Committee (TC) on Recommended Changes, Deletions, and Insertions Related to Normalizing the References of Insulating Liquids Throughout the IEEE TC Standard Series.

46 Line 1996 ...power factors. Natural ester transformers should…. power factors. As shown in Table 19, natural ester transformers should...

46 Line 2000 ...apparatus such as oil-impregnated paper-insulated systems.

...apparatus such as mineral oil-impregnated paper-insulated systems.

47 Line 2013 ...oil by dissolved materials or conducting particles, … ..insulating liquid by dissolved materials or conducting particles, …

47 Line 2039 - 2040 ….resistance or oil quality indicate a problem. ….resistance or insulating liquid quality indicate a problem.47 2048 ….ratio, oil dielectric, etc.) ….ratio, insulating liquid dielectric, etc.) 47 2049 energization. The insulating fluid… energization. The insulating liquid…

48 2050 -2051 ...its total dissolved gas-in-oil level analyzed to ensure that it is acceptable.

...its total dissolved gas level analyzed to ensure that it is acceptable.

48 2051 A moisture content test of the oil should be made... A moisture content test of the insulating liquid should be made

48 2082 ...total dissolved gas in oil, particle count or other... ...total dissolved gas in the insulating liquid, particle count or other...

50 2169 ...or water vapor in liquid dielectrics and does not... ...or water vapor in the insulating liquid and does not...

55 2324 ..compound or liquid level, and voids in the compound. ..compound or insulating liquid level, and voids in the compound.

55 2337 ...leaking gaskets, and abnormal oil level. .leaking gaskets, and abnormal insulating liquid level.

55 2348 … made of the liquid level in the sight glass or oil gauge. … made of the liquid level in the sight glass or liquid level gauge.

55 2349 ...assessment of oil level. ...assessment of the liquid level.55 Section 7.3.7 Note: Uses the word "oil" 5 more times Note: Eliminate the word "fluid", or replace with "oil"

56 2372 ...switch may be an arcing-in-oil switch or a vacuum switch.

...switch may be an arcing-in-liquid switch or a vacuum switch.

56 2387 This tank is sealed, so that the oil within it cannot mix with the main...

This tank is sealed, so that the insulating liquid within it cannot mix with the main...

56 2388 transformer oil. The diverter switch may have its own oil conservator…

insulating liquid of the main tank. The diverter switch may have its own insulating liquid…

IEEE Std. PC57. 152 D5.0 Guide for Diagnostic Field Testing of Electric Power Apparatus- Part 1: Oil Filled Power Transformers, Regulators, and Reactors v.3.5.12 CPM

56 2389 An oil filter is mounted in the piping to the diverter switch... An insulating fluid filter is mounted in the piping to the diverter switch...

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Recommendations to the IEEE Transformer Committee (TC) on Recommended Changes, Deletions, and Insertions Related to Normalizing the References of Insulating Liquids Throughout the IEEE TC Standard Series.

56 2392 ...located in the main transformer oil. ...located in the insulating liquid of the main tank.

56 2393 & 2395 ...made without removing the oil in the transformer... ...made without removing the insulating liquid in the transformer...

56 2400 ...weld leaks, oil seal integrity, ...weld leaks, liquid seal integrity,

56 2402 ...should be drained of oil for internal inspection. ...should be drained of insulating liquid for internal inspection.

56 2406 ...maintenance and oil samples taken from the LTC… ...maintenance and insulating liquid samples taken from the LTC…

57 2422 Oil level, as required Liquid level, as required57 2423 Oil filter, if provided Insulating liquid filter, if provided57 2432 Oil level indicator(s) Liquid level indicator(s)57 2433 Operation of oil filtration, if provided Operation of insulating liquid filtration, if provided58 2452 After filling with oil, a manual cranking After filling with the insulating liquid, a manual cranking

58 2453 Oil quality (to include oil dielectric breakdown voltage… Insulating liquid quality (to include dielectric breakdown voltage…

58 2454 ...be flushed with clean transformer oil. ….be flushed with clean insulating liquid.58 2464 The dielectric strength of the oil should be… The dielectric strength of the insulating liquid should be…58 2466 ….for details on oil filling of the compartment. ….for details on insulating liquid filling of the compartment.

58 2467 ...require oil filling under vacuum using degassed oil. ...require filling under vacuum using degassed insulating liquid.

58 2473 Inspect and clean filter in oil conservator pipe…. Inspect and clean filter in insulating liquid conservator pipe….

58 2481 ...generation of excessive combustible gasses in the oil. ...generation of excessive combustible gasses in the insulating liquid.

58 2482 ...hot metal-in-oil without cellulosic involvement. ...hot metal-in-insulating liquid without cellulosic involvement.

58 2484 ...necessary to drain the oil to such a level... ...necessary to drain the insulating liquid to such a level...

IEEE Std. PC57. 152 D5.0 Guide for Diagnostic Field Testing of Electric Power Apparatus- Part 1: Oil Filled Power Transformers, Regulators, and Reactors v.3.5.12 CPM

59 2518 …the oil should be removed and the tap changer… …the insulating liquid should be removed and the tap changer…

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Recommendations to the IEEE Transformer Committee (TC) on Recommended Changes, Deletions, and Insertions Related to Normalizing the References of Insulating Liquids Throughout the IEEE TC Standard Series.

59 2523 ...a last resort since oil is removed from the transformer. ...a last resort since insulating liquid is removed from the transformer.

59 2528 ...after maintenance and oil samples taken prior... ...after maintenance and insulating liquid samples taken prior...

60 2540 The oil level which can be read from the oil level gauge... The insulating liquid level which can be read from the liquid level gauge...

60 2547 ...checked by means of the top oil thermometer and… ...checked by means of the top liquid thermometer and…

60 2550 ...the moisture content of the oil and its dielectric… ...the moisture content of the insulating liquid and its dielectric…

60 2557 Dielectric breakdown strength of oil and moisture content…

Dielectric breakdown strength of insulating liquid and moisture content…

60 2558 ...of cracks and/or oil leaks should be performed. ...of cracks and/or insulating liquid leaks should be performed.

60 2556 ...after maintenance and oil samples taken prior to... ...after maintenance and insulating liquid samples taken prior to...

61 2615 The insulating oil flows into the upper… The insulating liquid flows into the upper…62 2621 Oil samples should be taken from the… Insulating liquid samples should be taken from the…62 2624 ...visible water found in the oil sample calls... ...visible water found in the insulating liquid sample calls... 62 2646 ...initiated by either oil temperature controlled… ...initiated by either liquid temperature controlled…

62 2655 Oil pumps should be checked by observing their... Insulating liquid pumps should be checked by observing their...

64 2709 , as such, will pump some liquid regardless of their direction of rotation..

Some insulating liquid Note: More viscous insulating oils may use pumps other than

      centrifical. This should be investigate and edits based on the results.

64 2712 The oil flow should have ceased or be at a bare minimum before...

The insulating liquid flow should have ceased or be at a bare minimum before...

IEEE Std. PC57. 152 D5.0 Guide for Diagnostic Field Testing of Electric Power Apparatus- Part 1: Oil Filled Power Transformers, Regulators, and Reactors v.3.5.12 CPM

64 2720 ...the presence of free gas liberated from the oil, indicating...

...the presence of free gas liberated from the insulating liquid, indicating...

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Recommendations to the IEEE Transformer Committee (TC) on Recommended Changes, Deletions, and Insertions Related to Normalizing the References of Insulating Liquids Throughout the IEEE TC Standard Series.

64 2721 ...beyond the dissolved gas saturation limits of the oil. ...beyond the dissolved gas saturation limits of the insulating fluid.

64 2724 & 2725 Dissolved gas-in-oil analysis…. Dissolved gase analysis (DGA) of the insulating fluid would also….

64 2729 The most common type is mounted under the oil. The most common type is mounted under the insulating liquid.

64 2739 ...used to determine whether there is oil flowing... ...used to determine whether there is insulating liquid flowing...

65 2752 Knowledge of the oil level in a transformer…. Knowledge of the insulating liquid level in a transformer….

65 2753 a liquid level gauge normalized for ……...temperature of the liquid changes

a liquid level gauge normalized for ……...temperature of the insulating liquid changes

IEEE Std C57. 100 - 2011 IEEE Standard Test Procedure for Thermal Evaluation of Insulation Systems for Liquid-Immersed Distribution and Power Transformers

Page Section and/or Line Current wording Recommended wording3 4. - 87 oil processing equipment liquid processing equipment6 9.2 - 224 oil temperature liquid temperature7 9.4 - 243 oil temperature liquid temperature

20 C.1 - 678 top oil temperature top liquid temperature20 C.2 - 691 top oil temperature top liquid temperature20 C.2 - 692 top oil temperature top liquid temperature21 C.2 - 710 oil flow barriers fluid flow barrier

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Recommendations to the IEEE Transformer Committee (TC) on Recommended Changes, Deletions, and Insertions Related to Normalizing the References of Insulating Liquids Throughout the IEEE TC Standard Series.