a usersʼ manual for program geopan geodetic plane
TRANSCRIPT
A USERS ̓MANUAL FORPROGRAM GEOPANGEODETIC PLANEADJUSTMENT AND
ANALYSIS
ROBIN R. STEEVES
September 1978
TECHNICAL REPORT NO. 54
PREFACE
In order to make our extensive series of technical reports more readily available, we have scanned the old master copies and produced electronic versions in Portable Document Format. The quality of the images varies depending on the quality of the originals. The images have not been converted to searchable text.
A USERS' MANUAL FOR PROGRAM GEOPAN GEODETIC PLANE ADJUSTMENT AND
ANALYSIS
Robin R. Steeves
Department of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering University of New Brunswick
P.O. Box 4400 Fredericton, N.B.
Canada E3B 5A3
September 1978 Latest Reprinting January 1998
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface . . . . . iv
Acknowledgements v
1. Introduction .. 1
2. Basic user Options 3
3.
4.
5.
6.
2.1 General Structure of the Input Data Deck
2.2 Details of the Four Basic Sections of the Input Data Deck . . . . .
2.2.1 The First Section of the Input Deck; Title and Codes Cards .•..
2.2.2 The Second Section of the Input Deck; Fixed,
3
3
• • 4
Weighted and Blaha Information . . . • . . . 7
2.2.3 The Third Section of the Input Deck; Stations, Approximate Coordinates, etc·. 12
2.2.4 The Fourth Section of the Input Deck; Observation Cards . • . • • • 17
More Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3.1 The CRITERIA Section of the Input Deck . 24
3.2 The FACTORS Section of the Input Deck 28
3.3 The SIMULTANEOUS Section of the Input Deck 28
3.4 Summary of Options . . . . . . . . . . 30
Printed Output 39
Error Hessages . 88
Technical Details . . . . . . . . . . • 99
References . . • • • • 107
Appendix A Job Control Language . . . . . . . • • • . • . . . . . A-1
i
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2.1 Example of the Title Card: The first card of the Data Deck . • . . . . . . 5
Figure 2.2 Example of the Codes Card 8
Figure 2.3 Example of the Codes Card . 9
Figure 2.4 Example of the Second Section of the Input Deck for the case of Fixed Stations only. 11
Figure 2.5 Example of the Input of a Covariance Matrix 13
Figure 2.6 Example of the Second Section of the Input Deck • • . 14
Figure 2. 7 Example of the Third Section of the Input Deck . 16
Figure 2.8 AT, FROM, TO terminology • . 20
Figure 2.9 Example of the Fourth Section of the Input Data . 22
Figure 2.10 Example of an entire Input Deck 23
Figure 3.1 Summary of the Structure of the Entire Input Deck 25
Figure 3.2 Example of the SIMULTANEOUS Section of the Input Deck for the Case of 3 stations . . • . . . . . . 31
Figure 3.3 Example of the SIMULTANEOUS Section of the Input Deck for the Case of Two Subsets: one with ll Stations, one with 6 . . . . . . 32
Figure 6.1 Subroutine calling tree for GEOPAN . 100
Figure 6.2 General Flowchart for GEOPAN 101
Figure A.l JCL for Using GEOPAN60 . . . A-3
ii
Table 2-la
Table 2-lb
Table 2-2
Table 2-3
Table 2-4
Table 2-5
Table 2-6
Table 3-l
Table 3-2
Table 3-3
Table 3-4
Table 6-1
LIST OF TABLES
Six of the Options which may be Selected on the Codes Card . . . • . • • • • . • • •
Options for Observation Reduction Corrections
Format of the Station Cards Data .
Format of the Distance Observation Cards
Format of the Direction Observation Cards •
Format of the Angle Observation Cards . . •
Format of the Azimuth Observation Card • • • • •
Codes Card Options Corresponding to the CRITERIA Section of the Input Deck. • • .
Format of data on the Criterion Card •
·Format of the Factors Card
Format of the Simultaneous Stations Card(s)
Contents of the ith row of the Matrix AP .•
iii
4
7
15
17
18
19
20
26
27
29
30
102
PREFACE
The program is a result of work done over the past few years
at UNB with a major overhauling taking place during the period May to
August this year. As a result of GEOPAN's youth, and although a great
deal of effort has been expended in checking and debugging, the program
cannot yet be absolutely guaranteed to be correct in all aspects. If
the reader should find any problems or has any comments on any aspect of
the package it is hoped that these will be brought to the attention of
the author. User comments have played an important role in the development
of GEOPAN and it is hoped that they will continue to do so.
iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This manual was supported by a Contract (U.N.B. Contract No.
132 743} with the Land Registration and Information Service, Surveys and
Mapping Branch, Summerside, P.E.I.
The author would like to take this opportunity to acknowledge
the dedicated assistance of Miss Laurie Pach in the writing and punching
of various subprograms and in the management of the corresponding disk
space. Laurie's unfailing help was instrumental in completing GEOPM~.
Acknowledgement is also extended to Susan Biggar for her expedient
typing of this manual.
v
1. INTRODUCTION
GEOPAN is a user-oriented program package for the least-squares
adjustment and analysis of small plane horizontal geodetic networks.
The package is presently written in FORTRAN and is set up on the IBM
system 370/158 at the University of New Brunswick in Fredericton.
This manual is simply a set of instructions with explanations
on how to use the program GEOPAN. It is not a book on the theory of
the least squares adjustment of geodetic networks. It is assumed herein
that the reader has a certain knowledge of this subject and readers who
are interested in the details of the theory behind GEOPAN are referred
to the reference material.
A good indication of "what GEOPAN will do" when the specific
options are selected, is given by the list of available options which
is found in Chapter 3. In a sentence, GEOPAN takes observations which
have been reduced for instrumental and atmospheric effects, rigorously
reduces them to a specified mapping plane, and then performs a least
squares adjustment on the plane. Preanalysis may also be requested.
2 On the completion of the adjustment, several statistical tests (X test
on the variance factor, x2 goodness of fit tests on residuals, rejection
of residuals) and interpretations (error ellipses including simultaneous
ellipses [6], standard deviations of adjusted distances and azimuths)
are made (see Chapters 3 and 4) on the residuals and adjusted coordinates.
Various autcrnatic· checks are made on the correctness of the
input data deck, the determination of the network, singularities in the
normal equations, convergence and divergence. The various user options
include;
l
2
i) adjustment or preanalysis
ii) fixed, weighted or Blaha stations (see Chapter 6)
iii) choice of a map projection (at present in the Maritimes)
iv) units of metres or feet
v) confidence level
vi) estimation of the zero error for EDM distances
vii) rejection criterion for residuals
viii) approximation of standard deviations of residuals
ix) input of either covariance or weight matrix for weighted or
Blaha stations
x) reductions to observations to the mapping plane and computation
of standard deviations of observations including centering errors.
xi) maximum number of iterations
xii) convergence criterion
xiii) variance factor known or unknown [6]
xiv) criteria for checking zeroth iteration misclosures
xv) station abstracts (one page summary of each station)
xvi) various printing of intermediate results including the entire
covariance matrix of the adjusted parameters.
Various space and computational optimization procedures are
employed in the solution of the normal equations by the method of
Choleski including the use of a variable band-width algorithm.
3
2. BASIC USER OPTIONS
The objective of this chapter is to introduce the general
structure of the input data deck and to introduce six of the most
basic option codes available. The material in this chapter is all the
information needed to run the program for most cases of preanalysis or
adjustment. It is recommended that the reader gain a thorough under
standing of this material before proceeding to Chapter 3. It should
be noted here that only the input data deck is described here; the
necessary Job Control Language for the use of GEOPAN as it is presently
set up at UNB is described in Appendix A.
2.1 General Structure of the Input Data Deck
This general description of the input deck is complemented with
a more complete description in Chapter 3 with a schematic summary for
quick reference purposes.
The basic structure of the input deck consists of four sections.
Details of these are given in section 2.2. The first section consists
of exactly two cards, the title card and the codes card. The second
section gives specific information on the fixed, weighted or Blaha
stations. (See Chapter 6 for a description of the terms fixed, weighted
and Blaha.) The third section contains the approximate coordinates and
other information for each station. The fourth section contains the
observations.
2.2 Details of the Four Basic Sections of the Input Data Deck
Each of the four basic sections of the input deck are described
in detail as entities in themselves. Then the four sections
4
are put together in the form of a specific example.
2.2.1 The First Section of the Input Deck; Title and Codes Cards.
This section consists of two cards. The first of these two
cards is a title card. The user may punch any desired title on this
card from columns 1 - 80 inclusive. The title card may be left blank
but it may not be left out! This card results in having a title printed
on the printed output and also since it is the first card in the deck,
it makes a good identifier for the deck itself. See Figure 2.1 for an
example of the title card.
The second of these two cards is the codes card. It is with this
card that the user may select any of several options by punching numbers
in the correct columns. The first six options are described in Table 2-la.
COLUMN(S) NUMBER SELECTED OPTION
2 0 adjustment 1 preanalysis
3-6 n number of fixed stations
7-10 n number of weighted stations
11-14 n number of Blaha stations
16 0 no map projection used 1 NB double stereographic 2 PEI double stereographic 4 NS 30 Transverse Mercator, Zone 4 5 NS 30 Transverse Mercator, Zone 5
18 0 linear units metres 1 linear units feet
TABLE 2-la Six of the Options which may be selected on the Codes Card
I. ! 1 r 1 I . 1 I I 1
! l ~ 1 I : ! i . 1 ' ! ·! I I' I i ' i I : . . i I ' : -hL_,j__L -~ I I ' . i ; II I I i : : ! ! I ' : : ! ' ti ! ; I I . -~ ·;-+-- --· -....:-.l-1-'--L.' l I l ' ' i I J I ' ' J ' ' I ; ' I ' ' ' ' ' I ' I ' I )'"! __ , -~ L .
-,- -~' ' I 1 L : \ i ~ ' ! i I i i l I i i . : ·, II : : ; i ! i ! i I :
I'.' ;T-1-- Tl 1--ri·-.- -----~~--~ l! ;.:.L_ ! : ~ .·;) : i i!. i.l i I __ ! i I : ; ! I I II I ! ' I : I : I l : . ,- ;--( ., , .. :-! :,.; ! L I L.J'· I ! l : ' ' I . ' : . ' I I ! . I ' . i . ! i . I . : . ' I ' J·'"i'"-1""1
I ' I ! I I ' ! ! ' I' ! i I I ' ! i ,: : I ; I ! ' , J i ; , I I ' i i' I l: : , i '. ':' [: l : l ' i ! \:I I
''l!l-! J. I : i I ' j ~ . !· I
I I. ! • I I ·'·! · -~r! __ !h H !- 1 :.L' ~-i+! ~ i 111: ~:
I :! I : \ 1 ! j i : : I I
:--1 - L'lilJ_[j; t' ~ ! '/ [ 1! [!' r I i; , . ! ! ! '.I -~-~--~---~---.--•. ---I.L:.;' :! I i I I
I ' I I I ' ' . I ,--.--->. ---'--· \ . I l . I ' I I:! . i ! ,. : l ,·, ·: ··1--·. ···:· \'
. . I . . . ' II ' I I I . '
! ; ;
~ : .
I ' : ; ' ' I I .. : . I i I I I
I :. ,., !. L:. : ! ; ! I I' ' i I ; ! '. ! ' i ! I l i ~ l ;··-:--\ . I i. -+ : : ~-1- L l ' l ! I j ' ! I I : i . i I I . ' : i I i ' ! ~ : I , ..
I i ; I ' • ·, I i : : . I
l! : i : I. ! i;
80 I
I I : I ' ' I I I I ' I I I 'I ': I ' '' : I ! ! I I I J { l I ' I II :' . ' l ' r! 1 T 1l J'!' 1-1 :· i-r ~--r-;-
. I ! I i I\ :; : • ; :!
~--:--r n--~~- ·--:rrr-~--~-~ ----n I I I 1 I! I ! I \ ( I ' . '
1 :·!-:- i j- -q--: I : .;""·+-' r--;' I i I . i• .. . ; ~-- ... . l .
: ~ ,,. l i ; ! I : I ! . J I . l ll -u ~ -! j-t--c· ;-7-1
• : I i ! I ! ' I
: -! · i I .~ 11 l . :. ~-l~-~---' i 1 : ·r' 1: 1 I ': ' ' I\ ! I ! j
FIGURE 2.1 EXAMPLE OF THE TITLE CARD: THE FIRST CARD OF THE
DATA DECK.
1.11
6
Some explanation is in order here. First, it should be mentioned
that zeros need not be punched on the codes card. That is, attention
need only be given to specific options needed which require a non-zero
number punched in a certain column. For example, if the user wishes
to perform an adjustment, column 2 may be left blank. However, if a
preanalysis is desired, a 1 must be punched in column 2. Actually any
other number punched in column 2 will result in (default to) an adjustment
request. Most other options have this default feature; they are all
described later in Chapter 3.
The options for which more than one column is reserved require
that the corresponding number be punched in the right-most column(s),
that is they must be right-justified. For example, if the user wishes
to hold 2 stations fixed in the adjustment (or preanalysis) a 2 must
be punched in column 6. If 12 stations are to be weighted, the 12
is punched in columns 9 and 10.
The linear units are specified in column 18. If distances and
approximate coordinates are supplied to GEOPAN in units of metres a 0
(zero) may be punched in this column although it may be left blank as
was mentioned earlier. If linear units are feet a 1 must be punched in
column 18.
In addition to the six basic option ·codes described in Table 2-la
the user must specify which reductions are to be made to the observations
if a specific map projection is selected. These option codes are
described below in Table 2-lb,
printed see Chapter 3).
(For having the reduction corrections
Column
48
so
52
Number
0
1
0
1
0 1
7
Selected Option
- Terrain to Ellipsoid reduction correction not made to observations.
-Terrain to ellipsoid reduction correctiqns made
-Ellipsoid to mapping plane reduction corrections not made to observations
-Ellipsoid to plane reduction corrections made
-Reduction corrections not made for azimuths. -Reduction corrections are made for azimuths.
TABLE 2-lb Options for Observation Reduction Corrections.
Two examples of the codes card are illustrated in Figures 2.2 and 2.3.
2.2.2 The Second Section of the Input Deck; Fixed, Weighted and
Blaha Information.
Only the number of fixed, weighted or Blaha Stations was specified
on the codes card. In the second section of the input deck more
information is given for these stations. Thus this section consists of
three possible sub-sections; one for the fixed stations if any, one for
the weighted stations (if any) and one for the Blaha stations (if any).
The sub-section for fixed stations must only be present if there
is one or more fixed stations specified on the codes card. This sub-
section always has as its first card a card with FIXED punched in
columns 1-5 with columns 6-80 blank. Similarly, the sub-sections for
.~,~~~,
1-1 l I; i 1 : ll
11
I II' i : ' I I' : : ! I L.J _'J___j_ I I'' I ~-·,;·- f·;
! I ! t I : I I I : : I : ' ! ! I I I ' I ' I I I I I I I' l I i I ! i : I ' I' : I It ' : ' ... I.'. i l l-j l
I I I l I I ' ll --' ... t ·. t ; ! I ., :-.~·--'-1·:-1·:--, ' 'i! i l i ---- ' l I ' ' ' I I • I ' I I
I " ' ' I ' I i I ' i I I I I ! I :_~. I ' ' I l ! . I I I ' i . . . . . I. .. ; ... L.l . '"1 l ' ~;~-r~---,, 1'['1 i i ; :: I. '· '. ~. : I '. ~. . i·.-'-1.· .. t ...... '. -:··-< .. -: .. ,-~ . '. l ' i : :-,·~· •1,1 'I ,, ! I I I i I i : - j 1 J I 'l i l ! ' . ~ . \ • l ' ' I I I •-J· i--· ·I .. l I ·. : : ' '. 'I; ' ... L ... I·. l I I .. U ;---,·-:-1·1 : II' I . I ___ ,__ ! ! ! ! i : I ; I i : ,
' ' I
i ; i i I l I
.LL.f-+ -- I '·
i ! \ ! I !
I : l! I l
'I" i I
\
I : !I! i <:I ! II I I
-l~.~t-!--~-:;__:.~.L--~---LLJ_L : I i ' ' I I ' ! I : ' I i ' I l ' I ' ' ' I . I ' ' ! · : i ' l I i I 1• ! / j ~ ) 1
..... I ... , ~- i. ~--· . • .. I . I I ' I I I : I : ' ! I ! : I I '
' i I ! I in
' ' i t ~ • I • I I I i I . .. j' ~ ; i
i I .
i l i I
;
-i
i ! ( : ! i i I i I I I • I ' ' I i . ' I \ I .
--·1 [ I : i l I 1 l i I I ! i
I l l I L.
I ,,
: ... I I
i t j
j
I ! ,
IJ I I I I I I
I I
I I
I .I I
i !
' 1!0
l' jl I I ! !
·-r+-+L \ :! \1 ' i \
·-:-·-:-·-;-. ·---H
' '-!+,1 u ,j ' l; , -~. ··. ; : I I ' I I :
I i ! i ' ~- i \ ; l i i \ i ·t i -I } I { ! '
i ) I I l I i : I l i
i -~· II +·. '--4-~------, •. I I ' I t ,
! I I I I I l .
i i' : I I : :I . i !
i '
FIGURE 2.2 EXAMPLE OF THE CODES CARD
OPTIONS SELECTED: - ADJUSTMENT (column 2 is blank) - TWO FIXED STATIONS (2 punched in column 6) - NO WEIGHTED STATIONS (columns 7-10 are blank) - NO BLAHA STATIONS (columns 11-14 are blank) - NO MAP PROJECTION (column 16 is blank)
LINEAR UNITS ARE METRES (column 18 is blank)
ro
~0
II jl, II i I lTT I i l 1, 'II] : !T II P, n :~t ! : l :.I,. n rr rn ··r I I ! l Ill II ! I II II
I I I ' I I I ' ' ' ' " I ' I ' I ' I ' I II . ' I ' ' ' ' I I i ' i Iii I: • : i I ! :. ' i I ! I ! : i ' i I i ' ! I i I • ~ . . • • I . • -+-:..-~-- __ :_JJ .... .:..4 _.,.._, .. .: ... ,.~ __:_;._,_ .. --~+-1.--~--'-~· ; - . . .. . .L'- - r -· , ~-~· .J .. ! _,_ ..... J-L __ I L I ' . • , , I .. , , . . . t . . . . . . . . I . . , l , ! 1 , . , I . r ,
• : I ! 1 : i ' I : : :1 i i . ! t i 1 I j i ~ } ~ \ .. : { ! I i I ! I ! ! i l II I f II, I ; ! t I ! 1,' ~ I 1 1 1 , 1 ! ' 1 1 , 1 ·. 1 , • i , 1 , , ~ 1 , 0 , t , , ! ''! ' I I I ' ! I : : II : I I ! I I:! I ! ! ; ::' I i ! j II I ! ! ! ' I ' ! : l ; ' ; ; If I ! : : \'
I l ' I l I ' i . I \ : I ; ! ' ' ~ !: l ! : , I I I \ j ' ·, t I ·: I ~ : • ~ : ·. I ; h--;-i-j--r: 1 :·-l.r-h·· -- ·t ' I : · r r·· .... , ~ .. ~ · :· r r··1 : ; , 1,, t· I 1 1 :-; r ·. I · I· l r :t; rn i ·,, ·;:,: ··-,-·- ---, ' • , I 1 • ' ' ' : ' ; 1 I • • • I ' 1 I > • , ' ' ; I : '' ' ! I I I ' I ' I II I l I l:: I ' '·: ! ! ! i i ! ! i i ' i i I i /; : '! ! ! I I ! l: ( : : i!
: : ' I ! ! 'j' i I I' : i I; i i' t' i ': l' i) l' j : I : i: ; ' I ' I i ' i l! ! ' : ! '; l ) i i: · • · • • • I o • . , • : , , l.', I I . . · • I · o , . o. · . , ~~-·---m-L .. ___ ... ..o_L ... ---·---~-----·-- __ ~--· ...•. 1 .,.... .. . .... [ ....... , . "'.. . ... . _ ... .. ............... j ....... / ... L.l.L ........ ~ ..... 1 ................. -~-• I I "! I I I I' ' I I I I • I ' l' l I . ; ' ' . l I . .. i . : j ' I I I I '\ I ' . j ' ', I .. : ' l ! : I 1 ! I \ I I i ' j ! ; . \ ! ' . \ ; j ; i j [ ; ! : ~ \ i I r I : I r ; i 1 i 1 : ; 1 : . : I ' ;
," ~ I illj I ': fl' liii f·:=.l'l!t\ilj 'l. 'ilt~ii;;;~;,·;;:i'; ! ' : i I ! ! . ; I I ' ' : ' ! : ! I ' : i ! \ . i ' t i ) I l j ; i i : l ; ' ! j l . II I i I l : i ' : i ; ~ ' ' ! ; --_-,-rr~-~-~~--r--~_j--r-:--1·-~-r·:--l·;r~ ~~-Trr:··o:·-~ ·i 1--1 l; n : ~-l -"T : :· 1 · t ~ n ll! :r; Tt:
1
-··--: ·;- -; -· -~ ~ ; : !:;~ ',; 1 ,' :: :! tlj,., l ;·~J·ij~f'/.1 I I 1Jii!j!~ 1 ~~! •t! .
~: : : ~+i _____ ,_ , ____ l_ -~-! ........... ~ .L1
-~-~-~. -.· .. l· ~-.L:--~--L---~-L + .. 1 .:.L: .. : t -I~ : . : .. ' J . . ... Li ;. J .. 1_ :f·.L~--~ .1 ~-~l ... ! .. l. ; ... : __ __
I : ' ' ' I ' i ' ' ; : I; ' : . ! ; I I I I I : I ! ' I I : I ' ' ; i ' I i I , : i ' . ' ' I : ' ' I : ' ·, ' l ' ' I ; I ; ; ' i ' i I I ' i ' I I I ! ' l' ; . j j ' I ! i ' '· ! : ' ! ' ' ':·,II I; : '' . I' :'I': ! i; j:; I [I I: 1 i i l ';I : . i I: ill IiI I' ! :I i: ' I I : : ! t I ~ I : , I : ' / ' i l . ~ ! 1 I \. . l l : : ; ; I i ! ' . I 1 ! ' I· \ ; I ' . I • ' I ~ ' ~ ' • : . : • i I I ~ ' I ! I . : ' : f t . \ i ; ' ' -. -, r~+-;-- i --- ---·--t --: ·: --- ··-·· .. ,. : : ·;- · !.1-:. "1·.-- , .. --t";·- 1 ·:-·: ,.J,. r-r r·j ·~ r ·1-J r-·~. ·· · · '- , ..• , ·! ·1 + 1·l·!r·r .. , .. 11 --:·1· , r:---1-T--,...,-· ' I I ' ' ' : ' ' ' ' ' ' ; ' ' I' ' ' I . ' I '. I 'I ' i' ' I ' I I I' I ' ' I ' ' ' I ' ; I ! I ; ',. I I 'I I : I i : : . "; :; ;. l • : I I ; \ : ( l 1 . i I I I I I :. j I ! ; I : 1 . I ; '
I l • . I i . l I I I. i I \ ' ' i l . l l I ' . I \ f I t ' . I I I , ' . :' : I ! l i i i I! : : i i ! I ! ! l i li i I ill I i ! i I :: I ', . i ; i I ! l ! I ! I ! i I! I i l ! i i
FIGURE 2. 3 EXAMPLE OF THE CODES CARD
OPTIONS SELECTED: - Preanalysis (1 punched in column 2) - 1 Fixed Station (1 punched in column 6) - 2 Weighted Stations (2 punched in column 10) - 1 Blaha Station (1 punched in column 14) - Map Projection used is Nova Scotia 3 degree transverse mercator
Zone 4 (4 punched in column 16) - Linear units are feet (1 punched in column 18)
All observation corrections are made (l's punched in columns 48, 50 and 52)
1.0
10
weighted or Blaha stations must only be present if one or more weighted
or Blaha stations are specified on the codes card. These sub-sections
always begin with a card with WEIGHTED or BLAHA punched in columns 1-8
and 1-5 respectively. The order in which these three sub-sections
appear is also important. This order is FIXED, WEIGHTED, BLAHA.
Any combination of fixed, weighted or Blaha stations may be selected
with the restriction that any one station may have only one of these
specifications. For example a station may not be both fixed and
Blaha held. The first card of each of these sub-sections is illustrated
in later examples.
The next (second) card in each of these sub-sections is a card
(or cards) specifying which stations are fixed, weighted or Blaha held.
That is, the station names are punched on the card. Station names may
consist of any combination of numbers and/or characters with a maximum
length of eight. An example of the second section of the input deck
for the case when only fixed stations are used is shown in FIGURE 2.4.
It can be seen there that the station names are punched in columns 1-8
for the first, 11-18 for the second, 21-28 for the third, and so on.
Station names must always be left-justified. Thus for the example of
FIGURE 2.4, stations STATION! and 4321 are held fixed. If more than
eight stations are fixed (or weighted or Blaha held), an additional
card or cards are used.
For weighted or Blaha stations the covariance matrix (or
weight matrix; see Chapter 3) is input following the cards with the
station names. Since the covariance matrix is symmetric, only the upper-
STATIO·~a 4321
lilfl~llfrll~ II ~, 11 R II F~ II R 1113, II r6111 r~ II Fill ~~ II r~ II r6111 roll/ H II rail I H II H II ro
!~)~!) 1!! 1 : r -,I -11!.
1 -~-~1 -14L " ____ -- ... L-·r··· ... J -·--- -1-. ~-- --lJJL
.. I ; I I I : ll I I ' : ' I ! ! : ! l i I l i . I ' I ! ' ; ! 1 • I . ' ' • I : , . ! ! ... r + + ;--·1-i--·lt· -r - i ~ ~ I ~ 1 •• : .
n : : !J i 1· J-"'···r- -r~1l-f-r-r-.. l~.' rr+ + t ·j·1-~ 1-ti +~1 ·-~- --~-·r· -~-,~- ·t· ··fl~ ·-·~~~- ·1-t-t-LI-'--11'1- t+t-r-~i-tn-i : !liil IiI L .!h ·II l; !L Iii~~~ J I l ill j :1 ,,1!\11
~ 1 : : : :·1rr i (-~--,. --1, 1 -~-, : "T""I :-r,-r -4
1
·-·_:- -r '.1 _-;-n-·rt ,- - -1--1- I ·J· -- ·· _J_ - ·-,·--, -ri -···:·-; r --· --~- ··- -~· ~-r1' -- H+- -t -H ··
. I ! . . I ~ I I ' . I . I I ' I . l I I : t I t I ' ' I . .L u .l ~~~--;-- .. L ... _j_ _L ·- .. _l._ .L : l ' ; i ; I ; i ' i ; l I ; : ! I !
_:l L' i _j_L: .. :._l_l_tL.l.J ... \ ..... i .. \.J .... \ L J .. i. i! 1 ll ! I I i!! ·. ! J i ,I I (! ! . I ~- I I r; i 1: ! I I I i I l Tl . T T -t-h·· TT- .. , ... !., .... r. ·- -. ·-. -- .. ·~·-r-t,l-·1···1········ ..... •·· .... ·- -- -· .. , ... -+-1-1--p· I ! l I II ~ i ~ 1 I : i I ; : I ! I i I ! I II i ! ll . . ! ' I I ~ I! I . Ill I I !
FIGURE 2.4 EXAMPLE OF THE SECOND SECTION OF THE INPUT DECK FOR THE
CASE OF FIXED STATIONS ONLY.
..... .....
12
triangular portion need be punched on cards. Each row of the covariance
matrix is typed on a card (or cards) beginning with the diagonal element.
Each card will hold 8 elements punched in Fl0.3 format. As an
example, if the covariance matrix to be input is;
0.35 X 10-l 0.85 X 10-2 -0.93 X 10-2 0.39 X 10-2
0.85 X lo-2 0.46 X 10-l 0.97 X lo-2 -0.62 X lo-2
-0.93 X lo- 2 0.97 X 10 -2
0.52 10-l 0.93 X 10-2 X
0.39 X 10-2 ~0.62 X 10-2 0.93 X 10-2 0.13 X 10-l
it would be punched on cards as shown in FIGURE 2.5. If any one row
of the covariance matrix contains more than eight upper-triangular elements
the row is continued on another card.
An example of the second section for the case of one fixed
station (STATIONl) two weighted stations (STATION2 and 345678) and one
Blaha station (12B) is shown in FIGURE 2.6.
2.2.3 The Third Section of the Input Deck; Stations, Approximate
Coordinates, etc.
This section of the input deck must always begin with a card
with the word STATIONS punched in columns 1-8 and end with a card with
-9 punched in columns 1 and 2. Between these two cards there must be
exactly one card for each station in the network. Each card must have
the station name and its (approximate) plane coordinates, X and Y,
punched in the proper columns. Other information, if available, may be
punched on this card: orthometric height, geoid~ellipsoid separation and
deflection of the vertical components.
UNIVERSITY OF NEW BRUNSWICK - COMPUTER CODING FORM PAGE __ OF ---
ffi_Q.~.M.M~~R - -------.. DATE-
PRQaLE&M~-~------------~--------------------------------------------------------------------
- •. 1--+- ··•-· • -·.
11• 42 4344 45 46 41 41 e 50 1 52 53~ 55 sasTI5el!l9 solar 1213 &4!M P.laTI&ele•hofrrlnhlr4171 I
-· ..
.. .. . -I-· -· . --- -- 1-1'-1- - -1-1-4-l-t-+-1-1-
&l7711el1•~
--·---·-··-~·--I --H-1- =:ttrt~tiTILLIJJ_I I I I I I I I I I 11·tt-rtt-l-1 -·-H-1-t-1-1--+-1-4-·-~-·--·- ·-·-·---·-
-~·~cCCij~j!lttttl~t-IJJ1J=I=t!tttttltl1ttttttt!tttlttttl!tttl!tttl!t1!1tttt.~ --·-·--~--·-····-1-1-1·-H- -·-H -H--t+-1-1-H-1-+-H I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I t I I I H-++++-t 1 1 1 1 1
-·-·---t--H·++-1--1-1-H-1-+ I I I I 1--l- I I I I 1+1-H-H-H-+-1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I H+H 1-+- 4--1·-1·- H+·l-+-1-1-1- 1--1-1-+-I-H-H-1 I I I I I I I I I J I 1-H-1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I ·---~-~--·--!-(l1111UT-II-H-+I--I-I-+-I-I--I--H--I-++++-H-H-H-l-1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I f I I I I I· I I I I I I I I I H-1--1--+-1
-·-H-+--1-++-1-1-J.++H-H-+-1 I I I I J++-H-I-H-H-I-I-I-I-1-1-1-1-l--1-1 I I I I I I I I I I t-H-I·-I-I--I--H·~-~11nttttllttt11-ll-~~-1-i-+-l+-l 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1-H-1 I I I I I I I 1--H--1-~ · · -·- ·---·-
1--1-t-f·-+-l-f+-l-t-H=LLL l~lti!ITIJtt-1-ttt-tffi-H--
--14--1 I I I I 1-l-1-
-·-1-1- H-1-t- 1-H-1-H-++-+-+-~ tmtlltltttitll±t:ttllitttffii!mt-W WBl 1-1-t -1-1 -1--H--1 --t-t-++++-l·f--1-H--1-H-~--- ·-·--·- 1---•-.. -·-·-·-·- +-1-+-1 -1--1--H-f·+-H-t-
ttLLf =-~~am=IEt£HBI!IfElfBftffiBffiEffiffil1W-Et::::=~_:= ·1-+-1-1-i-1-l-t-4-+-1-+-
-EtJ-lJ-rrlt 1-rl-f]tttt-ttm-ttlltttlllmN-m1inllffi''+t++lll 11111 1111 111 11 11 1, ~ ~[ J= ~--01.[ ~[[[.~ lJJJTlJI[ =D-liiiDI IDir.IIlJTIT-=!l- T-1--H-H--1-l-++-1-1-H-+-H-++-1-H I I I I I
~-+-l-,f-I·+++-I-I--H-I-~I-I-tlittttttJttnttttttltttlnt!j1tttttttll-m-,-~-tttt ... -· --o jz Ill 41 ~l&lrlel9l•olu !•zl•ljt4joslo& i•7!oell9 (2o~r lzzl23(24 ~sf'~' !zelz•llll(lrl3zluil4 35
FIGURE 2.5 EXAMPLE OF THE INPUT OF A COVARIANCE MATRIX
1-' w
UNIVERSITY OF NEW BRUNSWICK - COMPUTER CODING FORM PAGE --- OF ---
ffiQ_§_R~I\11\1~fi_::._ _______________ _ DATE-
PRQ~LE~M~---------------------------------------------------------------------------~-------------
--I .• - ·-. . 1--H-1-1-H-1-I . I --1-1- I -+-+-1--1- 1--1--1--1--l--l-++-1-1-l-tttt-lm1l±m~
-·-·--·-·-- , __ ,_.__,_,_, __ .__,_, __ ,_1-l--1--1-J-J.-I-I-1-1-I-1 I I I 1-1-f-H-
-·-·~ 1-1-1 -l-l-l-l-l--l-1-1-1-1--1--1-l-l-1-l-l-l-l-l-l-1--+-l--1-4-i-++-
·_ bl.l3f.llt?l=!? ·1--·-··--
I-+++· I-l-l- --·-·- ·-·--·-- ·--1-·-- ·--•-l-l--l-1--1-~-l--l-1-1-1-l-l-l---l- H-1-··1---H-l-1--1- H-·--1---·-·-
-+-1-l--l--1--1-1-H-1-t-l- -·++--+-H--1-I-I-+-I-H-++H+-H-I-l++-I-I--1+1--H--I-l----+-1-t--ll I I I 1-1 I I I I I I I I 1-1-1-1-----i-1-1--l--1-1-l--l+-+-l-1-+-t-1-1 I I I I I I
---· -·--l-ttl·--~--j-1II-l·-r~-- ·-:··- ·---·- · --·--· -· --· .. _, ___ .. _, __ , __ , __ , ___ ,_, __ , __ .. __ ---- --~-- --+·-~-·+·--·-·-
~:~JI -·-·---.&--·--· -· -1.--1---·--·--··--·---· -·- 1--•-J--+--i-- 1-·f. -·1-...r·--
···1--·- - •-·• ····•··-1--·t·-·1·-•-·•-.. ·-· 1 --•--•--•-·- •-r- •--1-· · -·--·--· -1-1-· --·· -·- ·--·-·--· + H -1-1--H-+-~-1+-l-l-+--1-1-1-1-l--1---~-·--·-- --·--·-·- ·-+-H -1 -1-1-1-l-1 -I-I--I-I--I+-I--H-I--I-1-1---I-I-I--\-H-H-I-I-I-I--H-1--
~~IIIm••••m•rr~-r«• 1---1--1 ~-. - -1- • - -1-l -1-1--1-l-1--1--1-t-1-~---·-- ·-·--·--· --· -·---·--~- --·-·-1-H--1-H-+1-1-1-+-H--H-H-H I I I I H-1-1-1-1 I I I I I
·-·-··-·•--1-•·· ·--·-·· -·-+-+ 1-H-+1-1-~ 1- - ·+-+++-1 +-~~-- -1-l-l-J-1-H- -I-I-
FIGURE 2.6 EXAMPLE OF THE SECOND SECTION OF THE INPUT DECK
1-' ~
15
All data punched on these station cards may be left justified
for ease in key punching. As a reminder, station names must be left
justified. Also, all numerical data punched on the card must have their
decimal point punched in the proper position when they are left
justified. Table 2-2 below is a summary of the format of the station
cards.
COLUMN INFORMATION UNITS FORMAT USED
1-2 blank
3-10 Station name AS
11-25 Easting (X-coordinate) metres or feet Fl5.3
26-40 Northing (Y-coordinate) metres or feet Fl5.3
41-50 orthometric height metres or feet Fl0.3
51-60 geoid-ellipsoid separation metres of feet Fl0.3
61-70 deflection component (northl arc seconds Fl0.3
71-80 deflection component ( east )arc seconds Fl0.3
TABLE 2-2 Format of the station cards data
An example of the third section of the input deck is illustrated in
Figure 2.7.
UNIVERSITY OF NEW BRUNSWICK - COMPUTER CODING FORM PAGE -- OF ---
PRQGR~M~~lL: __ DATE-
ffi.QSlE:~ __ ----------
• I I I I I r-r-,--r-.-- r-T~-,..---. I I 1 I I ,-I I I 1 1 I I I 1 I I I j I I I I f I I I I I 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1
t~§~~ ··-~·±·· . ·j··j [··· ~ '-ll I~, 01· ~--. ) 2. l • . ___ .. _ _ __ .. __ o o ':J I $ , • . .
- 0 / . . •.. . . - - . ... . . () _\ 1 (;, c: • ~··--· .. ··:--:~-:~-,·~7-~B~~ ... J~Jm----~--~1 m· m· •-___ , ·-~m------····•···•--•- 'l L - - - -· - { .!.. -- -
.3 ... ~- ---- t..-- _1._ 1-W · -·--·--·-···-•· l-1-l-+-l++f-+-1--I-H-1--1-+ 1-+--1-1++-H-1 I I I I I ~--H-1- --1-!-l-++-1-+-1-1 I I I I 1+-1-+-1-1 -·-·--~--·--·-·-·--1--1--1 I I I I 1-1-H-I-I--I-I--I---l--I-1--1-+-+--I---1-H-1-H-+++1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I· I I I I ~1-l-1-1-l--1--l-l
· H--1--H-~--1-1-1 --I- --~~-•J_UU!tttttl!tlttttlitttlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllttttj -~:=J1JttU:J11ttLttttJltttltt-tt-llllllll 1111111111 I 111111111111111111 I Ill
1-1++· .•. -~-~-~-- , __ , -1-1---1--l-1-+-~-1-H--1-·-· ··
tlttLI:t:ttttlt!±l=t±tii±t±±J.-!Bflftfl]ffilnn±mr~7~1-+-+++-l-'++1--1-'-'++-l 1 1 1 1 1 . 1-1-~---1--1-1- --1--~--11-·----~-. -·----
l~I-IXITtl±±l±I-;JEBfltllilttffit: w M m mt IJj=[llllP=mtlttlllttu . -l-1-1-1--l-l--1----1----1-l
I-I-H-+-~-1-1--l-l-l·-1--1-l-l--•-
--·-·-·1-H --1-~ -1-1- 1-1--1--1--1- I +-I-1-1-1-1-H-1-1-1·-H-H -l--1-1-1-1-H-~-1-
Jlt1lffi ~ffif ±ffim±lmBmtmwmttttttlill:tJ t!tttl·ti-·l···j··tttti-1-t-tt-J-f I I I I I -c-D---~--I·t··t···· - -- - . . .__ ... _ cttl.tttttttl!, -·--·-·=ttttf!tttlllttfjjj!!=ttttttt11t!tjjj I I I I 1-H-t-H· I I I I l
--•-•··•--•-·•--++1-H-I·+H-I·++-H-l--l--f-·I-++++-H+++-1-I--·H-I-I-+-I--
I-I-+-I+-I--I-·H··I--I-I--I--l-+-I-1-I-+-I-~-1-I-H-++-f--+-H-+-I-++-+--+-I-+~-H-I-I-- -·=tttttl.ttjj=tttttJtLi!L111 H ·~
FIGURE 2.7 EXAMPLE OF THE THIRD SECTION OF THE INPUT DECK
1-' 0\
17
2.2.4 The Fourth Section of the Input Deck; Observation Cards
This section of the input deck must always begin with a card with
the word OBSERVATIONS punched in columns l-12 (actually only the first
8 characters, i.e. OBSERVAT, are required) and end with a card with -9
punched in columns 1 and 2. Between these two cards there must be
one card for each distance, direction, angle and azimuth observation.
Table 2-3 is a summary of the format required for punching
cards for distance observations.
COLUMNS INFORMATION UNITS FORMAT used
1-5 observation code (l) IS
11-18 from station name AB
21-28 to station name AS
41-50 standard deviation metres or feet Fl0.3
51-60 parts per million error Fl0.3
61-70 distance observed metres or feet Fl0.3
TABLE 2-3 Format of the Distance Observation Cards
Of course if a preanalysis is being performed the distance observed
need not be punched on the card. The observation code is 1 for distance
observations.
Table 2-4 is a summary of the format required for direction
observations.
18
COLUMNS INFORMATION UNITS FORMAT used
1-5 observation code (+2) IS
11-18 from station name A8
21-28 to station name A8
41-50 standard deviation arc-seconds Fl0.3
51-60 degrees of observation degrees Fl0.3
61-70 minutes of observation minutes Fl0.3
71-80 seconds of observation arc-seconds Fl0.3
TABLE 2-4 Format of the Direction Observation Cards
The observation code for direction observations is listed in
TABLE 2-4 as ± 2. Actually, only the last direction in a bundle is given
the code -2, all others +2 or just 2. This method makes it possible for
the user to arrange direction observations in any order as long as all
directions in any one bundle are placed together with the smallest
magnitude direction (usually 0 - 0 - 0) first. This is the only constraint
on the user, otherwise observations (distances, directions, angles and
azimuths) may be placed in this section of the input deck in any order.
When punchinq degrees, minutes and seconds for any of the angular
observations (directions, angles and azimuths) always include the decimal
point.
Again, as with all of the orservations, the observation itself need not
be punched on the card if a preanalysis is being performed.
Table 2-5 is a summary of the format required for angle observations.
The user should remember that these angle observations are uncorrelated,
19
(if correlated angles are desired they must be input as directions).
COLUMNS INFORMATION UNITS FORMAT used
1-5 Observation code (3) IS
11-18 At station name A8
21-28 From station name AS
31-38 To station name A8
41-50 Standard deviation arc-seconds Fl0.3
51-60 Degrees of observation degrees Fl0.3
61-70 Minutes of observation minutes Fl0.3
71-80 Seconds of observation arc-seconds Fl0.3
TABLE 2-5 Format of the Angle Observation Cards
The notation AT, FROM, TO for angle observations is described
with the aid of FIGURE 2.8. The AT station is the station at which
the instrument is set up. The FROM and TO stations must be such that
the observed angle is measured from the FROM station clockwise to the
TO station.
Table 2-6 is a summary of the format required for azimuth
observations.
20
FROM station
observed angle
AT station
TO station
FIGURE 2.8 AT, FROM, TO terminology
COLUMNS INFORMATION UNITS FORMAT used
1-5 Observation code (4) IS
11-18 From station name A8
21-28 To station name AS
41-50 Standard deviation arc-seconds Fl0.3
51-60 Degrees of observation degrees Fl0.3
61-70 Minutes of observation minutes Fl0.3
71-80 Seconds of observation arc-seconds Fl0.3
TABLE 2-6 Format of the Azimuth Observation Card.
21
An example of the fourth section of the input deck is
illustrated in Figure 2.9 showing a case in which at least one of
each of the four types of observations are made.
Figure 2.10 shows an example of an entire input deck in
which all four sections are present in the correct order.
UNIVERSITY OF NEW BRUNSWICK - COMPUTER CODING FORM PAGE __ OF ---
ffiOG~AMMER - DATE -
mosLEM-
o 2 3 4 56 1 8 9 oo n 12., 14 os 1&11 18 19lzo 1~2 n 4 5 1 1 zenlx 31 323 34" J651' Je 59 oj4o 424J44j454647 41 <¥.~110 1 !lZ Mis41M s&is715al5916ol&o susleus~ 67&elael7on nlnl7417lllralnl78l7tla
o!B)sE:r?V!11IIIP~I.s ____ --t-t-r-+--- --······-- __ , ________________ --t-t--· t-I-t- IIIIJ_j _____ .__L _______ tl;?.~~~---- ___ u!l 1~..1.~~- __________ 1 _ __ jQ_._QL~- ~ ~ r-.;l/12 .ltfl~t.f H '
--~--- -~ - -~-- .. -L~Pl6 . - - lA ~~~~ -- -- - --- -- - - -- -1- s .... p -r-- -1-r- -- ~ *~ L~ --f-1- 1111 ~-Pr-- -- ~ ., ... j;:2r-lrrr~------~--- __ lOLL ____ .l~J~--- --------------1-- 12 ... ~----t--t- Q.~_~-------f--- v,,~ t-t-- "",V; ~[([
-· ~ .. __ .. t '(2' 1 __ . __ .. _ l.P-3i't .. . _ . _______ . ______ :gl-~~ _________ l4:t.!. 1 ______ J~s .!_iQ _ -1- ____ z .tl?l·-r- ____ --·-·--....... -2 __ . (_ ?ll _ ____ l.ib~8F _____________________ 2.~1Q___ Z~~-~---- t---~.&w.o __ , ___ r--_,.,dcS.£~r·-·-·-~[l_:~~-~-~:~~~~~~:-,-----r--3P2~J~:L~-.-•--~~~$~1hr- 1Z.~ ~~,Ill "l. ~~~.
-H-1-+-1-+-1-1-+-I-±~rtr -.tm_ =t·1r: . r 1ltt 1ttttr-Htmttm±fl+mnnTr++m -r-r--1-~--l--W-I- m -~1-J-l=. J_ !~rill. JUDJJJIIIOI . 1-~-+-·4-··-
--·-+-1-1-+-+ I I I I -H-+-H--1-1--W+-I--W-I--l-I-W-W--1--W-1-+-1-l-+-W-1+-~-~-++-W-W-W+IjntJjj!tl!tttl H-1--~----···
-~--H-I+++++-l-H--H--H-1-+-I--f-+-H--I-H-H-J++44-I I I I I I 1-++++++-H-1 I I I I 1-++-1-+-f-H-+-H-H-+-1-1 I I I I I I I I I I
--·-~·-• -··- • --·-·H-t--1 +-~--H-H-1-·H-- H-++--l-l-l-+·1-·1-1··~-l-l·-l-·l--l-l-l·-I·-I-·I-I·-H-I-I I I I I
+-1-1-•- -·-!-++-·- -~-+-1-1-1-t·--i--. -··-·--·--·-··•····-·-·····•-·· -··--·-······•-+--•--l·-l-1-+·-l·-1--·1-l·-l-l-~·-
--·- ·--· ----1--4·-+-·•· -· ... --·---~- -~-~-·-~-·-H--t--I-·1·+-1-H-1-t-l-1-1-l-l +-1--1-l-l-·l-l-l·-l-l-t-1·-1-·1 ·1··+-1-+--1--t-+-i-1-
·--·--·--H-+~tl~tttttJJ!ttl·i-m-t-t-H-ITI-J-IInttl·-tttr•-•-+1--t-l·+-l-1---l--1++++ ····-·-·-+-~·-1-+-1-·1 ·-1--1-·1·-1---·-
-1--t-1-t-1-t--1-1-t-t-1-l-
--·-·-J-+·+1-1--~-1--+-H-1--t-+-H-H-~-1--H-+4-I-l-l-·l-f-1-H-+-I-
mu~mtl1.11 ~rr-··~~;=:=+rr-~~--~ f--t--1--t- ++ 1-·1-1-1-··1- 1-1---···-•···•·-· 1-1---1---1--4~- 1-++-1·++-H-1-+ f-1-L- ·-~·-··'
• 1? 1 ~1•1 ~16171& j9Jiojujtzl•311•1•~ 11&117jlo!t9jzo 1 222324
FIGURE 2.9 EXAMPLE OF THE FOURTH SECTION OF THE INPUT DATA
"" ""
UNIVERSITY OF NEW BRUNSWICK - COMPUTER CODING FORM PAGE -- OF ---
PROG_RAM~ER - DATE-
eROSLE~,~-----------------~----------------------------~-----------------------------------------I I I I I r I r-r-r I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I i I I I ' I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I • I I I I I
' 2 1 4 ~ 6 1 a 9 oo n IZ '' o4· 15 16 11 11 It lzo dzz n 41zslzslzr za zsl30 ll 32 3354 35 36 31 38 l9 ol41 42 43 44 4514& 47 u 49 50 1 !12 53154 55 56 57 8 9 &o 1 ez~:s &. 65 e 67 68leeboln lrzb b4178~alnlnlnlaJ
~~~~r~~-Q~~e~-~~ttL~€. t~e~~~~~~~-~-riBl~~,~~~T,~~ ~ ~~1~1c~ eb~A~o I~IL~ ~ 1-·- ·-·-· -·--·--·· 1-·---~--~---~- ---- ·---1--· -.. --·---·- ·-·-~- ·-~--f--1--
~EIG~Tg~-- ---f--1-1------- ··-1---- ---~-~~-~~-~~kH-IN.i. _______ l--1----- 1---·-t-- ~-f-----------·-1-l---1·-·1---1-1--1-f-· ---1-1-- -1-~1- -·--t-~1PI2l~0{ __ £2~2~~Qg 1--
f-L~J~~=o~--~--~--f-- t-f--
ls.trlf.l rrlo~lS . 1-1- -+ - _ 1-- 1- _ ....
L~- KIN Ollll~Ht-- 11 al216~1"' . h !Aifllllt 61C h 1~12IC\ .lr -1, ~ it_ • 11'1 _, • v, llio.~ !.1-. _u[.czj9il" _,_l~1- 1.:11mt tGir. 1,, ~1810 V1 HI ,I< ~ .b ..;./ I L ~ b 6 ___ _ __ 71o I? B ~ Q ... ~1- _ -I-t- -1-~p p ~141.-; • 1" . . . l-1--f-- 21'3 ~ v, IQ • ~ _ 11 .It 1- I • I?
. Lplo 5- - . _I'Jb iz.l'z rz 0 I lc~- -- ~lc Q 0!£ ~ .L. 121~ I J ' L:.l-t- f--~ ~ ~ k I~ • 0. 1- -H-- I J .I,-, -'l -1--' f-- - - .. -- . - ···I-~ - ~
Q B S. £ g ~ .111 I. Q. l'lls - 1~ !-::( 1--·--14---· -'~lt-lQI'..t:./1.._ 1_ .too.~\ -~~ _ 14.o ['t.C:.,Ifl -·~~ill~ 2 /\
--1- --·' - ·-- ... -~~P-~~'1 II DIO I h. ,.. j lfl. I<:IM"' 1-- !-<'I z t ,< ~. ~--·~~~o~l~lf !tbbl ~.o ~ ~ ~.~ ~.~ ~
H- . j~. __ . ~ __ lk'l~ih \\.11\. 1 Jb .... fl 121.!. a-~-- . r-r- -~-~~~I.'Lk:L I~, It: ku I~~~- _ I-___,
- ~ lk~ o. wl~ l I 1 kt),.., ~ _ I~ L. ~ 11ls: .LII'l 13 3 .• v 14 , 1,.
~~~-~ ~---f--liab6__ lth ' ~-~~------~f--1-- ~ b -~~ ~.~ -~~~-~·~ ~-~' t-f--1-- -~ ilrl,..,lt, rt h I" I~ t_.. IIIIi IIi .. o 13!7 ~ 111'1 .~,:
~12 -1-11~1~~ ~ lr11d~lf 12 h 1!1~1~ ~ 1~4 ~ lflq ~ ~- f-~-r- L~~~- ltioh~ 12 I/ ~- _ It ,r,· lr l(j
-I- .. t:_/2. -1-- - - {jQ~[s:: -- -·1-1-· -~IN Oih~Lti-H-- -1-- ·I-I- -1--1-1- _12 • v: -1- ·-1-t-13 3.~1Liq - f-lll:. .. .Jq_ ~~r- ·-- -·f-~ - - -~-1-1--1-t-1-
~~~' .....
+-+- I-J$1!...k.LI--l-l--1-+--1 -1-H I I I I I-I-H-+-I-+-I-1-I--I-I-I-++++~-I--+-·•-+-I-I-1- ·-- ~·-·-···-·-+·1-1--·1--l--1-l-- -1-+-+-+-1~-+--1--1--J-.1-.-1-l
FIGURE 2.10 EXAMPLE OF AN ENTIRE INPUT DECK
"' w
24
3. MORE OPTIONS
In chapter 2 nine of the user options were introduced. At
present there are a total of 33 options available to the user which may
all be selected by punching the proper numbers in the correct columns
of the codes card. Also in chapter 2,four basic sections of the input
data deck were described. Actually there are three additional sections
which may be present if the corresponding options are selected. It is
the objective of this chapter to describe the additional options and
sections of the input deck and their use and to provide tabular summaries
of this information for quick reference.
The additional sections of the input deck are introduced in
Figure 3.1. These are described below as separate entities.
3.1 The CRITERIA Section of the Input Deck
In this section of the input deck the user may specify values
for the convergence criterion, confidence level for testing and error
ellipses, centering errors, and angular and linear misclosure criteria
if the default values are not suitable. Subsets of these values may be
specified, that is if only the confidence level need be specified it is
possible to have only this value read from this card.
The criteria section consists of exactly two punched cards; one
card with CRITERIA punched in columns 1-8 and one card with the specific
value or values of the criteria which the user wishes to change from
default values. Whether any specific value is read from the criteria
card· is specified on the codes card. The correspOnding options on the
codes card are summarized in Table 3-l.
UNIVERSITY OF NEW BRUNSWICK - COMPUTER CODING FORM PAGE __ OF ---
PROGRAMMER - DATE-PROf)LEM-
•!2 l4 567B9~··~~~~~~~~~1Hn4~~7HU~~~"~~~~~"~~u~~~~u~~~ 1~9~~~~~~~~Q-~~~~-~~nn~4n1nn~~
-1-:-~:· ~-a~=~~-~-~~~~~t'-~:::~=~~~~}~~~~::· t,l~~~-~k~~~=~=~~ ~--· -~=-r- ,,.~ -l~ltiL~b ~~~ __
El,r X~[) ·- - -· ·- - --~;~--- -· -: -I- -I-~ - ·+ -~~ ,;-,;.;,·~. - ·- - -· -· .. -- ~ e t --~ t Air -~ ~ f--1 ~I' - -I-~~-- - {-~--~ t:;/;:11, Pllr.lill -· - .. _t-~ __ f ~X~() -~II~II ~ ::>~~lf~ -· ____ -fl f.f.1~ ~ - .C~'-' - -·-- -. -- _JI~=rs -~~~ ..... ~- -f--)~-- 1-1-1- _ . _ -~·-··· . . .. . . ·- . . . .. -· ·- --. -- ··- ·- ·- - - .. - -· ... ... .. ... . .... - . - -f-- ·- -· - -· -- . ·- .. -·· - ... - ·- ·- ·-· .. ,.,-- ·- - - - -1- . - - ~ ·- -· - - -- -
\;lfii~>ItliTir~"' .,\5 1:\~r~ ti ~~~dliro~ _ 'i:);ifQ.;,~ ~,,1;.; ,. ~(~~< =-"~ ~~;; ;:~;;:~- 2r-- ~- o~ 7 ,~,. ,,l H--- -- -- ++-- -
~~L~~~~ Jt~ i ~ ~~~~~~~-!;; T AITII ol• II >lif lo,__: Tlr o,..,__:(l~<; ~,_,<:: ~ e K 12." b Pr lb "'iA L fct --· · L1-~- ~-~~ -f--1- -+--- - · - ~~~-- 1-+-H-1-1-l-~-1 I I I I I ... J;T IF;~Ir.k ____ ··-r--f-- _·I-t- _ ---1-1- __ ---r- 1-1-1--~ 1--
- .. .. CQ~l y_ Elg GV- JI,...F _ k:Phli.E Jltlti~u(t 1,:: It i.e:. 1ltlk 1 W..lt _ ~~,..,~~ . _ _ : . -~ rviGit-~14~ _ J~~ ~ILI71~. kiAir. -ltlll.s -~I-' s ~.:w,. lt'lk_ l-7t~=v.. '1 ~ 111L ff -l3l~~ J1 ____ .ttt1iWI!ttLt11ttl
lfiAichlol~ls- ·- ------ +- --1- . - -I- H--- 1- •- r- -1- -hr~k -- 1-t:i- -.Jf-.[F/\ (To~ 5 Fp ~ _[clE~ E~tv.V!ITl.OiNf-- S~~ DA gj) JD.~~ Lk1 I L!o-~l~[JJ~-o -~1-IQ _ _r '-f?B&.~.~--·-·-~-·-h·-
5trlA.rrc.,t~S ______ --·--r--r- 1-1----- -1-f-,- . -· - --1-r-- -----·-
~- -· ._ -1··· ~T~tr~o~ -rJ A:{~~~~~~ tiEI~Ic x~.l~~~:irt: 1;.~~ ~:~~ .~~~~1$1.: 5-tl-icz~r-r -H-- - -· -- --- -- ~ -r--- -1--1--- 1-l--1- --- ~ -r-~~~ T 1-:..1--- --~ =~f-.' r- - -~I- -- - . - -~g~~~gl~i~biJ.Icl~~ _ · f-- r- _ ~ [ 1_ Q B.s.~ R vl.t 11 ~l:l r.. '~~pi< 1-- 11 I< IE~ c HIA If 17 ~ ~ 12 ) · '-t9~ P111 Llc; 1{)IR lv
~=~ rM --- -- -lA -- -~ ~,-. :;-~-- --1- - - r- - - -I-I-~ - -H-·'71~ ~ -~~ "~ r~ ~ r~ IS " -1-r- -- - ~---~-- - - _,__ r- r-stl:l .... ,u t.I.L lt-. £1'-,ju S1- . - . - ---- --r--.1.~- r-1-t~ .. ~..: 1"- - r- [.).-- -H-- . - -· ..... -- -1-lc:llrt Ll-cl!,~~.t- -- 9. _______ 0 -5~ e S ~IT l( 5 1
'. c P 1~11:11:[ 1 19.~. $ __IF. fl~ __ ISlJ. ~ l1 t,IT I~ lA ED y .S _ lf.IJ.Jt IJ P~_lc ts.l .. _ __ __ __ _ __ __ . . t l 1 ~ ~ 6 1 e 9 tO II IZ I~ 14 15 16 17 18 19 0 I 2 25~4 !HI~& r Z8 29 30 ll 52 3 3435 !G ~ 38 39 ~0 I 42 43 44[45 46 47 ~·~~~I !Ill 9!54b 56!17fsa 69(6a ~I 6Z(GS[I41Mbl 17 uf&e17o n nlnl74fnf7tlnlnh&~c:l
-1-+1-
]3fiijfm!IflmBffiE
FIGURE 3.1 SUMMARY OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE ENTIRE INPUT DECK
"' Ul
COLUMN
46
24
42
70
NUMBER
0
1
0
1 2
0
1
0
1
26
OPTION
- Default convergence criterion of 0.001
- Convergence criterion is read.
- Default of 95.0% for testing and error ellipses Confidence level is read Confidence level is 39.4% (Standard)
- Default of zero for centering errors
- Centering errors for the 4 types of observations are read.
- Misclosure criteria defaults of LINEAR= 100.0 m/328.0 ft. ANGULAR= 36000.0arc seconds
- Misclosure criteria are read
TABLE 3-1 Codes card options corresponding to the CRITERIA section of the input deck.
As an example suppose the user wishes to specify 0.1 (metres
or feet) as the convergence criterion for the solution vector. To do
so a l must first be punched in column 46 of the codes card and second
the value 0.1 punched on the criteria card in the proper columns. The
format for punching values on the criteria card is summarized in
Table 3-2.
27
COLUMNS INFORMATION UNITS FORMAT used
l-10 Convergence criterion metres/feet Fl0.3
ll-20 Confidence level % Fl0.3
21-30 Centering error for distance metres/feet Fl0.3 observations
31-40 Centering error for metres/feet Fl0.3 direction observations
41-50 Centering error for metres/feet Fl0.3 angle observations
51-60 Centering error for metres/feet Fl0.3 azimuth observations
71-80 Misclosure criterion for metres/feet Fl0.3 distance observations
61-70 Misclosure criterion for arc·-seconds fl0.3 angular observations
TABLE 3-2 Format of data on the criterion card.
The user must remember that if the centering error option is
used, values desired for the four types of observations must all be
punched on the criteria card. The same applies to the misclosure
criteria. (However, if a value of zero is desired for any one of them,
the corresponding columns may be left blank).
If the absolute value of any misclosure on the zeroth iteration
is larger than the misclosure criterion, program execution is terminated
with the corresponding information printed.
28
3.2 The FACTORS Section of the Input Deck.
In this section of the input deck the user may specify that
the standard deviations of the observations, as they were input on
punched cards, be multiplied by a factor as specified on the factors
card.
The factors section consists of exactly two cards; the first
being a card with FACTORS punched in columns 1-7 and the second being
the factors card with the specific aforementioned factors punched in
the proper columns.
The factors option was created expressly for preanalysis runs
where it is not uncommon to alter standard deviations of observations
in order to meet accuracy specifications for the parameters. Using the
factors option the user need not re-punch the observation cards unless
changes are required in the relative magnitudes of standard deviations
of any one observation type.
The factors option is selected by first punching a 1 in column
26 of the codes card and second by punching the corresponding factors
on the factors card as described in TABLE 3-3.
The only restriction on the factors is that none of those for
angular observations may be zero and those for distances may not both
be zero.
3.3 The SIMULTANEOUS Section of the Input Deck
In this section of the input deck the user may specify subsets
of the network for which simultaneous error ellipses [6] are required.
29
COLUMNS INFORMATION FORMAT used
1-10 Factor for standard deviations Fl0.3 of distance observations
11-20 Factor for parts per million Fl0.3 errors for distance observations
21-30 Factor for standard deviations Fl0.3 of direction observations
31-40 Factor for standard deviations of Fl0.3 angle observations
41-50 Factor for standard deviations of Fl0.3 azimuth observations
TABLE 3-3 Format of the factors card
The section consists of one card with SIMULTANEOUS punched in columns
1-12 (only the first eight characters are actually required) and cards
with the names of those stations in the subset desired, the last card
of which having -9 punched in columns 1 and 2. (Remember that it is
the last card with station names on it that has the -9 punched on it).
The simultaneous option is selected by punching a 1 in column 22 of the
codes card.
It is possible to request more than one subset of the network
for simultaneous ellipses. This is done by simply repeating the
SIMULTANEOUS section. The format of the simultaneous station names card
is given in TABLE 3-4.
30
Examples of the SIMULTANEOUS section of the input deck are
illustrated in FIGURES 3.2 and 3.3.
COLUMNS INFORMATION FORMAT used
1-2 -9 (last card of subset only)
11-18 Name of a station in the subset A8
21-28 II II
31-38 II II
41-48 II II
71-78 II II
TABLE 3-4 Format of the Simultaneous Stations Card(s)
3.4 Summary of options
On the following pages all of the 33 available options are
listed in the order that they are punched on the codes card. In the first
column of these tables the codes are simply numbered. In the second
column the names of the codes as they exist in GEOPAN are given. In
the third column the number to be punched on the codes card is given
first, then an explanation of the code is given. In the upper right
corner of the third column of this table the column(s) of the codes
card in which the numbers are to be punched for the specific option are
given. All defaults of the options are marked with an asterisk.
SIMULTANEOUS .
fJill i II, II ~i J I ~i-1 ! ri II- rj II H II !3~ II P61!1 ~~ 1·1 El.ll r, II ri II r6111 roll I Ell I ~sill H II H II ~01 -9 1234 CHURCH 98EAST
&I 111"oi ' . 111111, II ~, II ~{ I L H J I· H II H II ~, I ! Fill ~, II H .,, ~,TTl~ I I 561 Ol I I H 11 f~ nrr
Lilli i ! I. ! 111 Jrl _ _ JilJ · _11 --.-L _ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ ~ ll ' .,. i 1'1 ~ : : : T I ; ; t . I i l j ' : I I I i I I i I ! i ! I ; I i i. i I 'i I ! I ! l :\ ! I i . . 1 I . ~
I' ! ! I ' ';I . I I ll·· ft '1 1 1 • -~ ' • M-:Tn-:+ 1"!- r -,- -n 1 1- r + rmr TTl - -,---
1" --· r-- ··- .. ·· ·- -- -rt1 - - .... -r -ttt·r~-
, : ! ; I I . ' ' . I t l I l• 1 l l. . Ill i ' -t--tr-m· : . _L1+_Lo __ ,J, ___, -~-- .... 1. -!- , . 1--j- !+~- J. 1 -1 , . _, ___ h- 1J _,. _ ·-f-1·-· ____ -----1--
1- ;-,-;- .. D
, ! : , , , , ~ ! , . :. ; ~~.I 1:,! ~!; ~ ~ I i r-J i ~· ,, , I ! ~~ . . \ 1l I:·,. i . . I I I ' ' . I I . ' I . ' I j . I I I ' . ' I I : ; ; II ' : I I ! . : t I I : ! I i ·,· ! l • i I I ~ f f • . ! I • I
: I ' ' I ' 1 ' • \ i : • . ' f ' I • t ; '1
: • , 1 r-ht:+t ;-;f+ ,4 ·r-~·t lt-+r;-rr- -:-!r·-~·t-tt1r-- +t· -+ r1· -d·t ... --· -- ·- · -- -T -·- -p--r-f-r-r-r. i : j 111' i ! i i ! i j I! (!I I! . ! I ! ; i I' I t I iII I I I! 1 l!
iT1·r·l .. l·+!~-:-~-f~-n- rh· Trr·!~-~-r ·+ T- ... rt·-~-f--~_·-r11 ·-l-· .... [_f ...... , .. J. r ··[·1·· .. j, ... ··~,·-: ., ... --- ---- - Y-·Lr1--fl·r
' l ' l ' I I . . ' : : ' I I . I ' ! ' I I l l ' II I j I ! I ' I 'i I : ' • : : ! I I ' ' . I . ' I I I I. i ' j' I I I i I ' ':
i I ! : ' ' I ~ j ' ! I I I I f • I I ' • I ' ' ~ . rrmfi::tr\TT!TI-ITi .. TITffT!!J!rillliTtr,T- T~r r ----··- --J-1-,-: ]
FIGURE 3.2 EXAMPLE OF THE 'SIMULTANEOUS' SECTION OF THE INPUT DECK FOR THE CASE OF 3 STATIONS
w .....
-9 6112 6313 __ 6314_ ___ 1iflR1 '\1\A?
-ITH Ill, II ~~ II ~i I i E~ II ~i II H II f, II r~ II r~ II· Fill ~i II r, II ~6111 r, II H II f111 f11 I tGIII ro,
I :,~~,, !!: ! I :j !\I !1 ! I l il! 1!1 I . Ill ; ·I' II' i; I I . :I I! lj lll ! I ~ I 1· , : ; ! 1 , . : ~ m-~- ·-,
1
+ -1- -1- TIT i- -+ - -- --- - -~- ·- -- .. - .... -- - .. _ . _ . _ __ -·- _ J~~~ I ''! . I I I ! II I t I I ' ! i I II H-.':'. I I I, ' I I i ,·I I I -·---'-·-., ........ ,. "1'1 ..... .;. .. "!' . I ' I • I •. j... ' t I I I : : : : I ' : I I . I . i i i ~ i :, r I I ! )r II . ... .. -- - l -- -. . ... --~- --. --- ... --- -.. . - -~-- .. , ' I ' . . ' I' ' I . l ' : ; i I . I i I I : : I\! '' I '; 'I l I ! -r-·~~ ijl ···-·fr·--ITj'·.--!·;-~ ... ;..1...: .. - 1 ~·:· ·:·i-j-;-;--l; .. ·l·-!···· l···· ~----·---1-~ ---- ··- --il_J I ' . ' I . ' I' I I' ''II I I I ' i:; I i ! I I\ I : l ! l: ! l i! I I ' I '
; ; · I ~ . , : 1 I ; , ' 1 . I : 1 : ! I 1• I i : ; : . 1 1 - · - T -r .. · T r· : •• ' • I,, I 'I ' I' ' ' .• ~ l I • 'I I ' I ! 1 I ; ' ' I I I I 'I: I l I I'. I : I I I I •' J I • ' I : I : i \ I e I ' t-t-:+r- ;-++-, . !- T~--~- .-.-,----- ...... -, ------~, --~-;-h-~-.. --- .. i..f. --·r' f ++-- .. 1 -- _,_ -J-'-f-- i H . • I . I ' ' ' I • I I , I l l I I ' l - --. ; I l'i I l I ' : . ' . I I : i l ! I I . I I :II I I l ! i.,, I :J, .. : ~~, . I . i ; : . I II. , : r~ I I I rl
- I I !-' ' . ' ' I ' ' • I ' ! : . i ' I I l ' I I I I I I I ' I _ I 1, . -~-- -!--------- .. T .. -----1--~_-__ ·• __ -, .. _ ... ~-~,---~-- .1
1:.· t . ·~~~ 1 1 r' . I I i I , I I I ' . • . ' . ' I I ' r ~ --- _.,..,. r ---r ··r- ·- .. - -... . --1·-- - - -- --- -- .. ,, .. ;.... "'"?""' '
I ' I i i I . . i I ! I' i i i i I I ' . i l
! !I J i i ' ! l :: ! II! I ! d :! IIi I Iii I II II . I Ill II
FIGURE 3. 3 EXAMPLE OF THE 'SIMULTANEOUS' SECTIO~ OF THE INPUT DECK FOR THE CASE OF 'lWO SUBSETS: ONE WITH 11 STATIONS, ONE WITH 6.
w N
33
Explanations of some of the options which have not been previously
described are given below.
The NZERO option is used to estimate the zero error when
distance observations are made. The zero error may be defined as a
systematic error present in all distance observations which may result
from a poor calibration of the EDM being used.
The NSRES option defaults to using the standard deviations of
the observations as the standard deviations of the residuals. The
alternative of this option is to use Pope's approximation [ 2] in
computing standard deviations of residuals.
The NMULT option is used to multiply the inverse of the normal
equations by the estimated variance factor. If a 1 is punched in column
40 the inverse of the normal equations is actually multiplied element
by element by the estimated variance factor.
The NABST option may be used to have station abstracts printed
in the case of an adjustment using a specific map projection. This
option is not available if the adjustment was performed using no map
projection. See Chapter 4 for an example of a printed abstract.
34
# Code Name Options and defaults (*)
1 NCO DE 0 - ADJUSTMENT* 2
1 - PREANALYSIS
3 - 6 2 NF 0 - NO FIXED STATIONS*
n - # OF FIXED STATIONS
7 - 10 3 NP 0 - NO WEIGHTED STATIONS*
n - # OF WEIGHTED STATIONS
ll - 14 4 NB 0 - NO BLAHA STATIONS*
n - # OF BLAHA STATIONS
16 5 NPROJ 0 - NO PROJECTION*
l - NB STEREOGRAPHIC 2 - PEI 4 - NS 30 TM ZONE 4 -5 - NS 3° TM ZONE 5
18 6 NUN IT 0 - METRE*
1 - FOOT
20 ;I NELPS 0 - ALL ERROR .ELLIPSES*
l - STATION ELLIPSES ONLY 2 - RELATIVE ONLY
22 8 NSIMU 0 - NO SPECIAL SUBSETS OF*
SIMULTANEOUS ELLIPSES 1 - READ SUBSETS OF STATIONS --FOR WHICH SIMULTANEOUS (STATION
AND RELATIVE) ELLIPSES ARE DESIRED.
# Code Name
9 NSTAN
10 NFAC
ll NZERO
12 NTEST
13 NSRES
14 NCOV
L!i NCOVB
L6 NCORR
35
Options and defaults (*)
0 - ALL TESTING AND ELLIPSES AT 95.0%*
l - READ (l-a) 2 - STANDARD
0 - FACTORS FOR cr SET TO UNITY* OBS
l - THESE FACTORS ARE READ
0 - DO NOT ESTIMATE ZERO ERROR FOR DISTANCES*
l - ESTIMATE ZERO ERROR
(REJECTION CRITERION FOR RESIDUALS) 0 - TAU MAX* l - TAU NON-MAX 2 - NORMAL MAX 3 - NORMAL NON-MAX 4 - STUDENTS T MAX 5 - STUDENTS T NON-MAX
0 - USE cr8BS FOR NORMALIZING RESID ALS*
l - USE cr~ (POPE'S APPROXIMATION) r
0 - COVARIANCE MATRIX READ FOR WEIGHTED STATIONS*
l - WEIGHT MATRIX READ
0 - COVARIANCE MATRIX READ F9R 'BLAHA' STATIONS*
l - WEIGHT MATRIX READ
~ - NO OUTPB~ OF REDUCTION CORRECTIONS TO OBSERVATIONS*
l - PRINT THESE CORRECTIONS
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
# Code Name
17 NMULT
18 NCENT
19 NDELX
20 NCRIT
21 NREDl
22 NRED2
23 NRED3
24 NITER
36
Options and defaults (*)
0 - DO NOT MULTIPLY N-1
BY a 2* 1 - MULT~PLY N-1 BY ~ 2
0
0 - NO CENTERING ERROR* l·- CENTERING ERROR FOR THE 4
TYPES OF OBSERVATIONS READ
0 - PRINT ALL ITERATION CORRECTIONS TO COORDINATES* . TH
l - PRINT THEM ONLY ON ZERO ITERATION
0 - DEFAULT CONVERGENCE CRITERION OF 0.001*
l - READ CONVERGENCE CRITERION
0 - NO TERRAIN TO ELLIPSOID CORRECTIONS MADE TO OBS*
l - YES (IF NPROJ F 3 or F 0)
0 - NO ELLIPSOID TO PLANE CORRECTIONS TO OBS*
l - YES (IE NPROJ F 3 or F or
0 - NO AZIMUTH REDUCTIONS MADE*
1 - MAKE AZIMUTH REDUCTIONS IF NREDl AND RRED2 ARE BOTH NOT ZERO
0 - DEFAULT OF 5 ITERATIONS MAXIMUM*
n - # OF MAXI~M ITERATIONS -1 - ONLY ZERO ITERATION ALLOWED
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
'---·-···--~--------------~-------------------------'
# Code Name
25 NPRA
26 NPRN
27 NPRW
28 NPRU
29 NPRCX
30 NSQRT
3L NVARF
32 NMISC
37
Options and defuults (*)
0 - DO NOT PRINT ~ESIGN MATRIX A* l - PRINT A ON OT ITERATION 2 - PRINT A ON ALL ITERATIONS
0 - DO NOT PRINT NORMAL EQUATION MATRIX N* T
l - PRINT N ON 0 H ITERATION 2 - PRINT N ON ALL ITERATIONS
0 - DO NOT PRINT MISCLOSURE VECTOR W (OTHER THAN fH SUMMARY).*
l - PRINT W ON 0 ITERATION 2 - PRINT W ON ALL ITERATIONS
0 - DO NOT PRINTT~ONSTANT VECTOR U* l - PRINT U ON 0 ITERATION 2 - PRINT U ON ALL ITERATIONS
0 - DO NOT PRINT THE COVARIANCE MATRIX CX OF THE ADJUSTED PARAMETERS*
l - PRINT CX
9 - DO NOT PRINT CHOLESKI SQUARE ROOT T*
l - PRINT T ON OTH ITERATION 2 - PRINT T ON ALL ITERATIONS
2 0 - 0 0 UNKNOWN* l - o 2 KNOWN
0
0 - USE DEFAULTS OF LINEAR= 1~~-~ m/328.~ ft ANGULAR = 36~~.0 seconds FOR CHECKING MISCLOSBRES
l - READ THESE CRITERIA
56
58
60
62
64
66
68
70
38
-
., rt Code Name Options and defaults ( *)
33 NABST 0 - NO ABSTRACTS OF STATIONs* 72
l - PRINT ABSTRACTS
'--·
39
4. PRINTED OUTPUT
Although the printed output is mostly self explanatory, a
clarification of some aspects may be needed. Each page of a print-out
of a specific adjustment example is included at the end of this chapter
and comments on them are given. (The print-outs for the preanalysis
case and the case which uses no map projection are subsets of the case
to be discussed here.)
The first page of the print-out is always a title page. The
title, which was input on the title card, is printed first enclosed by
a border of asterisks. Just below this title the date and time of the
run is printed with the time in the format: hours, minutes and seconds.
The remainder of this printed page summarizes the options in effect.
The fixed, weighted and Blaha stations are listed under the corresponding
titles. If there are no fixed stations, for example, the word NONE is
printed. The word NONE therefore, should not be used as a station
name. All other information on the printed page should be self-explanatory.
It should be noted however, that not all of the options in effect are
listed here. It is obvious that these are in effect though, from the
corresponding subsequent printed output.
The second page of the printed output is a summary of the
specifications of the map projection being used if any.
The next page is an echo of the input approximate coordinates.
Also printed onthispage are the orthometric height, geoid height (height
of the geoid above the reference ellipsoid), the deflection of the vertical
components (in the order: north component, east component), the
40
computed latitude and longitude (longitudes are taken as
positive east of Greenwich), the computed point scale factor
and meridian convergence. The latitude, longitude and meridian convergence
are all printed in the format; degrees, minutes and seconds. On this
page the stations are separated according to whether they are free, fixed
weighted or Blaha stations. A simpler print out of the approximate coor
dinates results when no map projection is used.
The following page summarizes the reduction of observations from
the terrain to the reference ellipsoid if a specific projection is being
used. The type of observation and the stations between which the obser
vation is made are printed in the first few columns (as they are when
observations are printed throughout the printed output). As well as
the observation type being printed, the directions in each bundle are
numbered. The AT, FROM,TO terminology was explained in Chapter 2 (for
distances, directions and azimuths the AT and FROM stations are the same
and are printed this way). The observed value is then listed along with
the various computed reduction corrections and the reduced observation
(on the ellipsoid). The titles of the actual reduction correction
columns have been abbreviated. The title GRAVIMETRIC stands for the
so called gravimetric corrective term or deflection of the vertical term
[5 ]. Its units are arc-seconds. The title SKEW NORMAL stands for the
skew normal correction which is the geometrical correction resulting from
the height of the target above the reference ellipsoid [ 5]. Its units
are arc-seconds. The title TO GEODESIC stands for the normal section to
geodesic correction I 5]. Its units are arc-seconds. The title AZIMUTH
41
stands for the corrective term - n tan ¢ for azimuths, where n is the
east component of the deflection of the vertical and ¢ is the latitude
of the station at which the azimuth was observed. Its units are arc
seconds. The title SPATIAL TO CHORD is the corrective term for distances
in reducing them from spatial distances to a chord (of the reference
ellipsoid) distance and the title CHORD TO EL stands for the corrective
term in reducing the chord distance to an ellipsoidal distance. Both of
these latter corrections are in units of metres or feet.
The next page of the printed output is a summary of the
reduction of the observations from the ellipsoid to the mapping plane.
This page is similar to the previous one and is self explanatory.
Following this an echo of the input information matrices for
weighted or Blaha stations, if any is given. The_columns of the matrix are
labelled immediately above the matrix with the column number (eg. (col 2)).
The name of the station to which each .. pair .. of columns pertain
along with the labels X and Y are also printed. Row numbers are printed
along the left side of the matrix. The maximum of six columns and 50
rows are printed on one page.
Next a summary of the input and reduced observations is given
along wi~h the zeroth ite~ation misclosures.
The next page gives a compacted printing of the design matrix
if this option was selected. The coefficients of the design matrix are
labelled with the station to which they correspond along with a reminder
that the coefficient for the x-coordinate of that station is given first.
If a station has been fixed or Blaha held the title FIXED is also printed.
42
Following this is a printout of the normal equation matrix
(if this option was selected) printed in the same format as described
earlier for the weighted or Blaha information matrix. Only the
upper triangular portion of the normal equation matrix is computed, thus
only these elements are printed. Zeros are printed below the diagonal.
The next pages are a listing of the misclosure elements, a
listing of the constant vector elements, and a print of the Choleski
square root if these options were selected.
Then a summary of the iterative corrections to the initial
anproxirnate coordinates is printed. '!:hen the. final adjusted coordinates are
printed (if convergence has been reached). The residuals are then printed
along with their standard deviations (computed from Pope's approximation
or just taken to be equal to the observation standard deviations). All
rnisclosures and residuals for angular observations are in Units of arc
seconds.
reader
The next page is a summary of the rejection of residuals. The
is reminded in the event that residuals are flagged for
rejection;observations corresponding to rejected residuals have been used
in the adjustment.
Following this is a summary of some statistical information.
A summary of the computation of the degrees of freedom is given in tabular
form. In this table under the "number of observations" column, the
COORDINATES term refers to the number of weighted stations multiplied by
two.
43
2 The following pages are summaries of X goodness of fit tests
on the standardized residuals, error ellipses, the covariance matrix of
the parameters (if requested) and station abstracts if requested, these
being all self explanatory.
································~··························~·············································· • • + EXI\'~PLE NH>1V- CLOSFD TIV,VERSF:- Nol:lo- Dl~ECTlu;·oSoUlSTANCt::S- wEIGHT£.0 STAllUNS + • • ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
wrD o NOVo 2ci o l '.J7C,. 1,. !14 :~:i
0 P T I 0 N S N EFFE~T
PP.EANALVSI5 OR ADJlJSTMCf'JT ••••••••••• •••••• •••••••••~••••••••••••••• Ai) JU:> T MENT
F IXFD ST4T IONS NONE
lol E l G H TE il 51 A T1 i.J 'l S K~OI!iNI K~uwN2 K'• d'AN3 KNL:h;N4
iJLAHA :>TATIONS Nlit4E
WFIGHTEO w~IGHT OR CnVAI~IANCE M'ITI'-liX Ht::Au7••••••••••••••••••• Ci.JVARIAN~E MAT~IX
~AP PPUJECTIUN •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••N~W BRi.JNSwiCK DUUdLE SlER~UGRAPrll~
CG"iVENTION.\L LlNE.AQI UNIT •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• •••••••• ~ETkE
TEST USE~ ~QR REJECTfQ\j UF RESIDUALS ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• MAXIMU•'4 TAU
~ULTlPLY INVFRSF. OF NnR"<IAL E'QiJATIOi~!j, i:JY E!j,Tlr-1AJE.[) VAhlANCE FACTO~? •••••oo• YES
MAXIMUM NU~8FP UF ITFMATICNS ALLO~E~ •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ~
CRITF.Rl~N FOR SOLUTION CCNVEAGFNC~ •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Oo\.101000
MAKE OASF.~VATION PEOUCTILNS (TERRAIN fu t.:LLIPSUll>)?ooo•••••••••oo•••••••••• YES
MAKE OOSFRVATIUN REDUCTIONS (f:LLIPSOIO TO ~APP1NI.> PLANC::I? ••••••••••••••••• YtS
REDUCTICNS FHO~ TERRIAN TO MA~PING PLANE MAUE FUR AZIMUTHS •••••••••••••••• YES
~ ~
SPECIFICATIONS OF THE MAP PROJECTION
PROJECTICN USED : NEW BRUNSWICK UOUBLE STEREOGRAPHIC
ORIGIN : LATITUDE= 46 30 0.0 ; LONGITUDE= -66 30 OeO EASTlNG (X)= 300000e000 METRES ; NORTHING (Y)::: 800000e000 METRES
SCALE AT THE ORIGIN 0.9999·120
REFERENCE ELLIPSOID CLARK 1866
SEMI-MAJOR AXIS=
SEMI-MINOR AXIS=
6378206.400 METRES
6356583e800 METRES
TRANSLATION COMPONENTS (FROM GEOCENTRE) USED:
XO= -15.000 METRES YO= 150.000 METRES
ZO= l80e000 METRES ..,. U1
I N I T I A L A P P R 0 X I ~I A T E C 0 0 R D I N A T E S
-------------------------------------------------------------FREE 5TATIONS:
-------------X y ORTHOMETRIC GEO IL> O[TLECTION POINT
STAT ION (EAST lNG) (NORTH lNG) HEIG~tT HEIGHT C0~1PONENTS LATITUDE LONG I TUDE SCALE
1005 302770.000 800f!:So0CO 291o000 o.soo 2.() -1.0 46 30 21.19 -66 27 50.07 0.999912
1006 302820.000 800945.000 298.:>00 - o. 8:> 0 2.1 -1.2 46 30 30.59 -66 27 47o72 0.999':112
1007 30316:>.000 800865.~00 248.000 -0.60'3 2.0 -1.0 46 30 27.99 -66 27 31.77 0.999912
1003 3032f5o000 eeoe45.ooo 312.000 Oo200 2.0 -1.1 46 30 20.86 -66 27 26o85 0.999912
1004 303570.000 800915 .ooo 372o000 -0.900 lo9 -l.2 46 30 29.60 -66 27 12.54 o. 999912
WEIGHTED STATIONS:
-----------------X y OIHHOMETRIC GEOID DEFLECTION POINT
STAT ION C EAST INGJ CNOIHH INGJ HEIGHT HEIGHT COMPONENTS LATITUDE LONGITUDE SCALE
KNOwN I 302f40.000 801160.000 325.000 -1.400 2.0 -1.0 46 30 37.55 -66 27 56.16 0.999912
KNOIIIN2 3025:!0.000 8009:35.000 312.000 -0.200 2.0 -1.0 46 30 30.27 -66 28 le32 Oe99991Z
KNOWN3 303~Eo.ooo 800(:30.000 419.000 Oe600 2·0 -1.0 46 30 20.37 -66 27 8.33 0.999912
KNOiiN4 303635 .o 00 800355.000 386.000 I• 200 2el -1.0 46 30 11.46 -66 27 9e5l 0.999912
MERIDIAN CONVERGENCE
0 1 34.3
0 I 36o0
0 1 47.5
0 1 Slel
0 2 a.s
MERIDIAN CONVERGENCE
0
0
0
0
1 29.8
1
2
2
26·1
..,. 0\
4.5
3.7
DISTANCE
DISTANCE
DISTANCE
DISTANCE
Dl STANCE
Dl STANCE
AT
Kt.OWN2
1005
1006
100 7
1003
1004
DlRf:CTION 1 KNOWN~
OIRECTIUN 2 K~OWN2
Dl~ECTION 1 1005
Dl~ECTION 2 1C05
OlfiECTION 1006
DIRECTION 2 1006
OlRLCTlUN 1 oc 7
OIP~CTION 2 1007
DIRECTION 1 1003 DIRECTION 2 1003
DIRECTION 1 1004
DIRECTION 2 1004
DIRECTION 1 K~CWN3
DIRECTION 2 K~OIIIIN3
SUMMAHY OF REDUCTION OF ODSERVATIONS FROM TERRAIN TO ELLIPSOID
--------------------------------------------------------------FPOM
KN01111t.;2
1005
1006
100 7
1003
1004
KNOWN2
KNOWt.;2
1005
1005
10~6
1006
TO
1005
OBSERVED
369.387
294.367
352.861
252.269
411.634
302.828
GRAVI- SKEW TO GE- AZI- SPATIAL CHORD REDUCED METRIC NORMAL ODESIC MUTH TQ CHORD TO EL OBSERVATION
t 007
100 7
1003
1003
1004
1004
Kt.;OIIIII\;3
K~OIIIIt.;.l
1 C06
1007
1003
1004
KNOWN3
KNOWN I
1005
KNOWN2
1006
100'5
10<'1
1 0'16
1:>•n
1007
1004
1003
K~OIIIINJ
1004
KNOIIN4
0 0 o.o -o.o84 o.013 -o.ooo 113 20 4s.ooo o.o3o -o.o15 o.ooo
0 0 o.o 0.030 -0.016 o.ooo
so 22 59.ooo -o.o26 o.oo5 -o.ooo
0 0 o.o -o.oJo o.oos -o.ooo 273 27 Jc.ooo o.2s2 -o.oo6 o.loo
0 0 o.o o.24S -o.o~7 o.ooo
231 14 48.000 0.011 -0.013 o.ooo
0 0 o.o o.o3s -o.o1o o.ooo
73 59 49.ooo -0.322 o.o19 -o.ooo
0 0 o.o -0.321 o.o16 -o.ooo
293 59 30.000 0.093 -0.012 o.ooo
0 0 o.o 0.057 -0.011 o.ooo
202 43 s.ooo -o.1J8 o.oo• -o.ooo
-0.576
-0.069
-3.547
-e .4 75
-4.258
-3.928
o.ooo o.ooo o.:>oo o.ooo o.ooo o.ooo
368.811
294.298
349.314
243.794
407.376
298.900
0 0 o.o 11 3 20 45. 085
0 0 o.o
50 22 5Ao966
0 0 o.o 273 27 30.271
0 0 o.o 2 J 1 1 • 4 7. 76'
0 0 o.o 73 59 48.672
0 0 o.o 293 59 30.385
0 0 o.o 202 43 4e819
....
.....
Sli,.,_AFiY OF I'ECUCT IUN OF CBSERVAT IONS FROM ELL IPSOIO TO MAPPING PLANE
--------------------------------------------------------------------ClBSERVATICN MER I DIAl\; ARC LINE
AT FROM TO (ON ELLIPSOID) CONVERGENCE TO CHORD SCALE
DISTANCE KN0111"'2 1(1\;0IIol\;2 1005 368.811 0.<;999120
DISTAfloCE 1005 1C;)5 1006 2<;4 o298 Oo999<;121
DISTANCE 1006 lC.Oti 1007 349.314 0.9999121
DISTANCE 10 07 1001 1003 243.794 Oo9999121
OlSTAr-.CE 1003 1003 1C·04 407.376 0.9999121
DISTANCE 1004 10(14 I<NGIIIN3 2S8o900 0.9999121
Olk~CTIUN 1 KNOw"'2 K"'Ow1';2 I<NOIIINl 0 0 o.o 0 0 o.oo OlRECT ION 2 KNCwh2 KI\.OwN2 10 05 11:! 20 45.09 0 o -o.oo DIRECTION 1 10 05 1005 KNOWN2 0 0 o.o 0 0 o.oo DIRECTION 2 1005 1005 1006 50 22 58o97 0 0 o.oo DIRECTION 1 10 06 1C06 1005 0 0 o.o 0 o -o.oo DIRECT ION 2 1006 1C06 1007 273 27 30.27 0 o -o.oo DIRECTION 1 1007 1007 1006 0 0 o.o 0 0 o.oo DIRECTiuN 2 10 07 1001 1003 231 14 47.76 0 o -o.oo DIRECTION 1 1003 1003 1007 0 0 o.o 0 0 o.oo DIRECTION 2 10 03 1003 1004 73 59 48.67 0 0 o.oo DIRECTION 1 1004 1C04 1003 0 0 o.o 0 o -o.oo DIRECTION 2· 1004 1()04 KNOWN3 293 59 30o39 0 o -o.oo DIRECT ION 1 KN(jlll!\13 KNOIIIN3 1004 0 0 o.o 0 0 o.oo DIRECT ION 2 KNOIIIhJ KI\;OIIIN3 KNOWN4 202 43 •• 82 0 o -o.oo
REDUCED OBSERVATION
368.779
294.272
349.264
243o772
407.341
298oli74
0 0 o.o 113 20 45.09
0 0 o.o 50 22 58.97
0 0 o.o 273 27 30.27
0 0 o.o 231 14 47.76
0 0 o.o 73 59 48o67
0 0 o.o 293 59 30o39
0 0
202 43
o.o •• 82
..,. CD
1 2 3 4 5 t. 7 8
••••**'*'* KNCW~l , ....... ,. X
(COL 1J
0 .4320C0000-04 0 e43600COOt>-05 Oe347CCCC00-04 Oe287C0,000-06 Oe284CCCOOD-04 0 e6o4000000-0!: Oe273CCC000-04 Ooi2400COC0-04
y
(COL 21
Oe436C:J0000-05 Oe644 COOOOD-04
-o.c;saooccoo-os Oe!:27COOOOD-04
-0.626CCCOC0-05 0.5~7000000-04 o. 720000000-05 t:e344CC0000-04
A PRlORt COVARIANCE MATRIX
•111111111111111111 KNOWN2 •••••••••• X
(COL 3)
0 o34 700 0 C00-04 -o .9 5aoooooo-os
Oe38600000(1-04 -0.4290lJOOD-OS
Oe30500000D-04 -0.67803 OOOCt-05
0.21300000(1-04 Oe46900000D-05
y
(COL 4)
o.2a1oooooo-o6 o.527oooooo-o4
-0.429000000-05 0.721000000-04
-0.226000000-05 Oe730000000-04 Oe905000000-0S Oe444000000-04
IIIIIIIIIIMIIIIIIII KNOWN3 •••••••••• X
(COL 51
Oe284000000-04 -0.626000000-05
0.305000000-04 -0.228000000-05
Oe4l5000000-04 -0.6980)001)0-05
0. Jl6000000-04 0.773000000-05
_y
(CUL 61
Oo684 0001)00-05 o.Sti7oooooo-o4
-0.6780~0000-05 o.7Jooooooo-J4
-0.698000000-05 o.a77oooooo-o• Ool550i)I)000-04 0.521 000001>-04
"" "'
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
·~········ KNOWN~ ............ ,.
C (.(j L 71
0.273CCCCCD-04 :1. 720·JCC'lOD-05 o.~lJOCCOCD-04 o.905C COCC0-05 0.31£000000-~4 0.155CCC000-04 0.443CCOOOD-04 Oe4360CCOOD-05
y
(CUL E I
c. 124 o c C( c u- o 4 c. 34-\ co cc c o-c 4 0.4C,9CCOC'JD-05 0.444COCOC0-04 o.773C':: oooo-os Oe5.i:1CCCOOD-04 c. 4 36CO cooo-os o.t43oooooo-o4
1./1 0
••• WARNING *** MORE STATICN CtNSTRAINTS THAN THE ~INIMUM NECESSARY ARE BEING USED
SU~_,AR'V CF I~FUT C~SERV~TlONSo RECUCEO OBSERVATIONS AND INITIAL MISCLOSURES:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------AT FfoCfill TC OBSERVED sro.DEV REDUCED OBS NISCLOSURE
0 l ~TAJI.CE I<JI.CIII~2 KMJIIIN2 1005 369.387 Oe006 .368. 779 o.ooJ
DISTANCE 1005 1CCS 1006 294.367 0.004 294.272 0.006
DISTAfliCE 1006 1006 1007 352e861 o.oo4 349.284 o.oot
DISTANCE 1007 1007 1003 2!:2.269 ·0.004 243.772 o.ooo
DISTANCE 1003 1003 1004 411e634 o.oo6 407.341 -0.002
DISTANCE 1004 1004 KNOWNJ 302.828 0.004 298.874 -o.oo1
DIREC I ICN 1 Kfli011ifo,;2 KNGWN2 KNOIIINl 0 0 o.o 2.50 0 0 o.o o.o
DIR~CTICN 2 KNCWto.2 KNOWN2 1005 ll3 20 45.00 2.50 I13 20 45.09 -.12.33
DIRECTICN 1 1005 1005 KNOWN2 0 0 o.o 2.50 0 0 o.o o.o
DIRECTICN 2 IOCS 10C5 1006 50 22 59.00 2.50 50 22 58.97 2.36 Vl .... DIRECT UN 1 1006 1006 1005 0 0 o.o 2.50 0 0 o.o o.o
D IR~C T lCN 2 1006 1006 100 7 273 27 30.00 2.50 273 27 30.27 -1.06
DIRECTICN 1 1C07 1007 1006 0 0 o.o z.so 0 0 o.o o.o
DIRECT ICN 2 1007 1007 1003 231 14 48.00 2.50 231 14 47.76 -3.57
DIRECTICN 1 1003 1C03 1007 0 0 o.o 2.50 0 0 o.o o.o
DlREC TICN 2 1003 1003 1004 73 59 49.00 2.50 73 59 48.67 1.04
DIRECTICN l 1004 1004 1003 0 0 o.o 2.50 0 0 o.o o.o
DIRECT U:iN 2 1004 1004 K"OWNJ 293 59 30.00 2e50 293 59 30e39 -2.21
DIRECT ICN 1 IC~Cllll\3 KNOIIIIN3 1004 0 0 o.o 2e50 0 0 o.o o.o
DIRE<.TICN 2 KNOWN3 Kfli011iN3 KNOWN~!~ 202 43 5.00 2.50 202 43 4.82 7.17
DESlGh ~ATHI• A (ITERATION M 0)
DISTANCE ~~CW~2 (X,Y) 1005 (XeY) -C.6507914D+CO Oo75925660+00 0.~5079140+00 -0.75925660+00
DISTANCE toos ex.~• 1006 CXeY) -0.169906SD+OC -OoSE54601D+OO 0.16990690+00 0.98546010+00
DISTANCE 1006 cx.~J 1007 (XeY) -O,S7341720+CC Co2290393D+OO Oo9734172D+OO -0.22903930+00
DISTANCE aoo7 cx.~J 1003 (XeYJ -0.43072960+00 0.90248100+00 0.43072960+00 -0.90248100+00
DISTANCE 1CC3 (XoYJ 1004 (XoY) -C.7487~220+00 -0,66263870+00 Oo74876220+00 Oo66283870+00
Dl STANCE 1004 (XoY) KNO.N3 (XoYJ -0.30113140+00 OoS535827D+OO Oo30113140+00 -0.95358270+00
DIRECTION KNCWN2 ex,y) KNO•N1 CXoYJ -0,73S8E970+03 Co36172390+03 0.73988970+03 -0.36172390+03
DIRECTION 2 KN0Wh2 ex,~) 1005 (XoYJ 0.42466280+03 0.36399670+03 -0.42466280+03 -0.36399670+03
DIRECTI~N I 1005 ex.~J KNO.N2 CXoY) -0.42466280+03 -0.36399670+03 0.42466280+03 0.36399670+03
DIRECTION 2 1005 eXeVJ 1006 ex,y) -Co69072510+03 Ool1909050+03 Oo69072510+03 -0.11909050+03
DIRECT ION 1006 (XeY) 1005 eXoYJ Oo69072510+0~ -0.11909050+03 -0.6S072510+03 Oell909050+03
DIRECTION 2 1006 (XeYJ 1007 (XoY) o.1Je2556D+OJ c.S74H36J0+03 -0.13525560+03 -0.57483630+03
DIRECTION 1 1007 (X,~) 1006 (XoYJ -0.1352556D+03 -C.57483630+03 Oe13525560+03 Oe57483630•03
DIRECTION 2 1007 (X 0 'VJ 1003 CX.Y) 0.76362230+03 0.36445610+03 -0.76362230+03 -0.36445610+03
DIRECTION 1003 (X' 'Y ) 1007 (XoY)
\11 IV
-Co 76 3622~0+ 0 .'! -C. ::lc44 5610 +OJ
D 1 RE C T 1 0 N 2 1 0 03 (X , 'Y J -O.::l356426U+OJ CoJ791518D+OJ
DIRECT ION 1004 (Xo'YI 0.33564260+03 ~0.37915180+03
DIRECTION 2 1004 (Xo'YI 0.65810770+03 Co2078235D+OJ
DIRECTION K~C~~l (Xo'YI -C.65e1Q770+03 -0.20782350+03
DIRECTION 2 KNCW~J CXo'YI Oe743905~0+03 -C.6762781D+02
0. 76:)62230+03 0.36445610+03
1004 (XoY) 0.33564260+03 -0.]791518D+03
1003 (XoY) -O.J356426D+03 Oo3791518D+03
KNO•NJ (XoY) -Oob5010770+03 -Oo2078235D+03
1004 (XoY) Oo65B10770+03 Oe2078235D+03
KNO~N4 CXoY) -0.74390590+03 Oe6762781D+02
U1 w
hORMAL EQUATION ~ATRlX (ITERATION II 0)
•••••••••• 1005 • ••••• , 111111 ,., t/11111111111 1006 1111/llltlllllllllll 11111111111111111111 1007 111111/llillllllllll
X y X v X y
(CC.L lJ (COL 21 (COL 3) (COL 4) (COL 5) (COL 6)
1 Oo70597C13D+05 -Co7f20~f250+04 -0.469854380-t-05 ·o.316623240+os -0.747395560+04 -0.317643110+05 2 o.o 0 .~ 84 'i6fH20 +0 5 0.227689990+05 -0.646753920+05 Oo128861300+04 Oo547660540+04 3 o.o c. 0 Oo115~4424D+06 -0.33683Q570+05 -0.5345551 80+0.5 0 o270842130+05 4 o.o o.o o.o Oel22307760+06 -o.3714l7620+~5 -0.77o6046lD+05 5 c.o o. 0 o.o o.o 0.173101580+06 0.620946860+05 6 o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o llol5697611D+06 7 o.o o. c o.o o.o o.o o.o 8 o.o c. c o.o o.o o.o o.o <j 0 .o c.o ~-0 o.o o.o .:>.o
10 o.u o.o o.a o.o "l.O J.O 11 o.o c.c o.o o.o o.o o.o 12 o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o 13 o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o OoO 14 o.o c.c o.o o.o o.o o.o 15 o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o OoO 16 o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o 17 o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o 18 o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o
1.11 ,e.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
10 ll 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
II llfiiUI/11111 II II I 0 03
X
(COL 7)
o.o o.o Oe82b27~640-t04 o • .J511ttJoo•os
- o. 91«>6 1 76eo +05 -o .4 7b2Ei428D +05
Oo948<,;0t590-t05 o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o 0 .o o.o o.o
II II II IHI/UI/111 II
y
(COL 8)
o.o o.o Oo394J576EOt04 Co16760.2100t05
-c. 4'ii403E410+os -0.95646Sd80-t05
0.27674!:1«<0+05 o.u3eeea4Dt06 o.o o.o c.o o.o o.o o.o o. 0 o. 0 o.o o. 0
IIIJIIIIIIIIflllllfl I 004
(COL
o.o o.o o.o o.o
X
9)
-0.205043350-tOS· -0.9781::15970+04
Oo618609050+04 -0.217607500+04
0. 70917•4150+05 o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o
•••••••••• y
(COL 10)
o.o o.o o.o o.o 0.231623040+05 0.110547360+05
-0.958236720+04 -0.513027980+05
0.125161100+05 o.to3334150+06 o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o
1111111111111111111 KNOWN3 . .. ,, ..... X
(COL 1 U
o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o
-0.176711180+05 0.199618180+05
-0.957647850+05 -0.384641350+05
0.570011270+06 o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o
y
( CUL 121
o .o· o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o
-0.558035300+04 Oob303732l0+04 Oo300663530+04
-0.619617190+05 0. 346 707890+06 Oe521025330+06 o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o
U1 U1
1 2 3 4 5 t• 7 6 9
10 11 12 1.3 14 15 16 17 16
IIIIIIIMIIttllll KNCWh4 1111/IUtllllllll
.)(
(COL 13J
o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o Oo39165f14D+O~ 0 o12.JbSC680+05
-Oo3bl ::!427$>+C6 -o.2777sea90+06
o. 29675 7660+06 o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o
y
((OL 14)
c.o o. 0 o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o c.o
-o. ::!~60~ ao.:o+o4 -0.112437170+04 -C.1.!5f4f5S0+06 -Ool49fl4440+06 Oo1172S~580+06 o. 92064 ::!0Ci0+05 o.o o.o o.o o.o
111#111111#111111 KNOWNl •••••••••• X
(COL 15)
Oo25136293[1+05 0.215453~40+0& o.o 0 .•) I) ol)
o.u ') . ·) o.o o.o o.o
-Oe40846450D+OS -0.153668490+06
Oo524599240+04 0.316409230+04 Oe3052771::!0+06 o.o o.o lloO
'(
ICOL 16)
-0.122888~4Dt()5 -Oe105J3304Df-05
o.o o.o ().O o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o Oo603473870+04 0.277662070+-05
-O.l68417!U0+.04 -0.981889080+03 - o. 965986600+05
o. 757969040+05 o.o o.o
11111111111111111111 KNOWN2 •••••••••• .)(
(COL 17)
-0.412739120+05 -0.377623430+05 -0.234660220+05
Oo4045H6590+04 o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o
-0.501482410+05 0.897062420+05 0.309273850+05 Oo142299460+05
-0.29932.3290+06 Oo1093023t:0+06 Oo406128080+06 o.o
y
(COL 18)
Oo20211'5040+05 -0.2d7647920+05 -0.201137340+05
Oo346788510+04 u .• l) o.o o.o o.o OoiJ o.o
-0.213790290+06 -o o34<J240620+06
Oolb0662d7D+06 Oo77t)005890+05 ~.191761130+06
-0.699303440+05 -().143151760+06
0.359665190+06
V1 0\
MISCLOSUHE VECTOR ELEMENTS (ITERATION fl 0)
-------------------------------------------AT FROM TO MISCLOSURE
OISTA,..CE KNOIIIN2 KNOWN2 1005 Oe266443050-02
0 ISTANCE 1005 1 0(15 lOOb 0.645365030-02
0 1ST ANCt: 1006 1006 1007 o.145!:4406D-02
OISTAI\CE 1007 1007 1003 0.129204850-03
0 1ST At.CE 1ooJ 1003 1004 -0.170053630-02
0 1ST ANCE 1004 10(14 KNOWN3 -0.125565760-02
0 IRECT UJN 1 KNO.N2 K"'CIIIIN2 KNOWN I o.o
0 IRECT 101\ . 2 KNOIIN2 KI\CIWN2 1005 -0.233090160+01
0 IRECT ICI\ 1 1005 I 0(15 KNOIIIN2 o.o
DIRECTION 2 1005 1005 1006 Oe236008590+01
D 1 f;E:. C T IC t. 1 1006 1 0(16 1005 o.o
0 IRECT ION 2 1006 1006 1007 -0.106.55400+01 111 ..... 0 li'ECT ICN 1 1007 1007 1006 o.o
OIRECTIOI'I 2 1007 1007 1003 -0.356770590+01
OIRECTIO"' 1 1003 1003 1007 o.o
DIRE:CTICN 2 1003 1003 1004 Oel03870640+01
DIRECTION 1 1004 1 004 1003 o.o DIRECTION 2 1004 10(14 KNDIIIN3 -0.220918850+01
0 lf<E C T 10 "' 1 KNOIIIN3 KNUiitiN3 1004 o.o
Dlf"ECTIOI\ 2 KNOiil\3 KN(II•N3 KNOWN4 Oe71683335D+01
COOROII\ATES KNOWN I ••••••••••••••••••CXJ o.o (Y) o.o
CCCROit.ATES KNC.h11N2 •••••••••••••••••e(XJ o.o (Y) o.o
CCCRDINATES KNOIIIN3 ••••u•••••••••••••CX) o.o (Y) o.o
COORD I 1\A TE 5 KNOWIII4 ••••o•••••••••••••(XI o.o (Yj o.o
CUNSTANT VECTOR ELEMENTS (ITERATION • 0)
STATION
1 10 05
;;: 1006
~ 1007
4 1003
5 1004
f KNCWN3
7 KlliCIIoN4
e KNCWNl
c; I<.NCIIoN2
(X I
-o. 425924450+02
0.202318310+03
-0.237302590+03
Oo22S091930+03
-0.417460020+03
0.89S5B0810+03
-0.426605220+03
Oe1379688l0+03
-o. 3449'79570+03
( y I
-0.236470320+03
0.450097370+03
-0.260249260+03
0.254229380+03
-o .34tH 70950+03
0.182797470+03
0.387622930+02
-0.674514160+02
-0.135645690+02
CHOLESKl SQUARE ROOT (ITERATION II 0)
llllllalllllfllllll 1005 lllflflflllllllltill 111111111111111111111 1006 ········~~· •••••••• 1111 1007 11111111111111111111
X y X y X y
I COL 1) (COL 2) (COL 3) (COL ... (COL 5) (COL 6)
1 Oo265700~80+0~ -0.29434C74C+02 -0.176835770+03 Oo119165250+03 -0.281291980+02 -0.1195 .. 9090+03 2 o.o Oo31245E8JDt-03 Oo562122120+02 -Oo195762990+03 Ool4742c;390•0I 0.626574900+01 3 o.o o.o 0.284~7<;890+03 -0.563586500+01 -0.205321990+03 0.19()204<;20+02 4 o.o o.o JoO Oo264106970+03 -0.131228250+03 -0.235802860t-03 5 o.o o.o o.o o.o 0.336050860+03 o.'i4o4c;ao90+02 6 o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o 0.270744170+03 7 o.o o. 0 o.o o.o o.o o.o a o.o c.o o.o o.o o.o o.o 9 o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o
10 o.o c.o o.o o.o o.o o.o 11 o.o c.c o.o o.o o.o o.o 12 o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o 13 o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o 14 o.o o.c o.o o.o o.o 0 .o 15 o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o 16 o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o 17 o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o 18 o.o o. 0 o.o o.o o.o o.o
U1 ID
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
10 11 12 1.3 14 15 16 11 16
,,,, •• 1111 1003
(COL
o.o o.o
X
7)
0.2 ~9941 030+02 0.1335E2380+03
-0.202900420+03 Ood99135530+01 o.1 sos64Soo+o3 o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o
llllllllfl/111111111
"t
((CL t!)
o. 0 o.o Ool383EC<jj!:JD+02 Oof375!52250+02
-C.113fC1f:!D+CJ ;.o. 251 seuso+oJ -0.1092flb70+02
Oo2C8082080+03 o.o o.o o.o o.o c.o o.o o. 0 o.c c.o o.o
""" 11111111111111 1004
(COL
o.o o.o o.o o.o
)(
9)
-0.610155710+02 -O.l4389709C+02 -0.324372350+02 -0.626880220+02
0.248958580+03 o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o
, ••••• 11(11111
y
(COL 10)
o.o o.o .o.o o.o 0.689249960+02 0.162550420+02 0.227657'580+02
-0.188052790+03 0.235689~40+02 0.248760210+03 o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o
llllllllllllllllflll KNOWN3 ....... ,., X
CCOL 11)
o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o
-0.9451 5Cjj000+02 0.909684980+02
-0.373997110+03 -0.417703180+02
0.64123 6420+0 3 o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o
y
(CUL. 12J
o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o
-o. 29tt4 112 6D+02 0.267268940+02 Ool54445'550+02
-0.2260<,i7520+0J Oo526491730+03 Oo4J6757460+03 o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o
"' 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
10 11 12 13 u 15 If> 17 18
•••••••••• KNCW~4 , ......... , X
( CLL 1 3)
o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o Oel57J17790+03 Oe.3431Jll:!O+Oc
-0 e4f>94E 7020 +OJ -0. ~ 75 511i"' 10 .. 0 2
Oe216i»4f110+0:! o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o
y
((OL 14)
o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o o.o
-o. 143016170+02 -Co.!164fE30iH01 -o. 22ooa66 oo+o3 -c. 78431 O(;EO+o2 c. 5 42 71 0370+0 2 0.185242730+03 o.o o.o o. 0 o.o
IIIIN,#IIIIIIII• KNGWN1 •••••••••• X
(COL 15)
0.946036870+02 0.778661500+02 Oo43344lt170+02 0.159561160+02 o ·• 029o a 760+ 02 0.355897330+02 Oo238914200+02 Oo585213170+02 0.298272840+02 0.257381620+02
-0.494069230+02 -0.282228800+03 -0.183367110+0.3 -0.104650020+03
Oe39118268D+03 o.o o.o o.o
y
(CUL 16)
-O.lt62506910+02 -0.380678950+02 -o. 21 1906040+02 -0.780076780+01 -0.196977620+02 -0.173994250+02 -0.116802500+02 -0.286104210+02 -0.145822280+02 -0.125631020+02
o.5S.-256180+01 Oo519774940+02 0.306133690+02 Oe12981975D+02
-0.158942.370+03 o.2014478C.00+03 o.o o.o
11111111111111111111 KNOwN2 .... , .. , .. X
(COL 17)
-0.155339700+03 -0.135552660+0 3 -0.151996420+03 -0.183102470+02 -0.1124257 .. 0+03 -0.3019137C.OD+02 -0.639027b60+02 -0.866017!030+02 -0.621065390+02 -0.187815570+02 -0.115733 .. 90+03
Oe337338840+03 0.29642.3570+02 0.683428330+02
-0.383716730+03 0.326546890+02 0.163824210+03 o.o
y
(CCJL l8J
0 o7f>06.86090+02 -O.tj48936920+02 -0.6fd21179D+Ol -0.1:142585490+02 -0.302154090+02 -0.2!:0186410+02
Oo2<;;o89985D+02 -0.201457550+02 -0.1012970.-0+02 -0.6<o~1470180+01 -0.332527580+03 -o.J<,;,o().-1990+03 -0.7634.-7300+02 -0.123479290+03
0 ·1 02 3601 40+03 -o.l.-4855590+03
Oe6796987.-0+0I Ool20946290+03
"' .-
SU~MARY CF lTEkATIVE CURRECTIGNS Tn INITIAL APPROXIMATE COORDINATES:
ITERATION II 0
STATIGN CLO X OLD Y ox ov NE• X NEW Y
10C5 30277CoCCC 800655.000 -0.00072 Oo00097 302769.999 800655.001
1006 302820o0CO 800945.000 -0.00490 -0.00391 302819.995 800944.996
10 07 ~O~lfC.OOO 800865 .ooo -0.00344 0.00059 303159.997 800865.001
1C C3 ~C::2CEoOOO 800645.000 -0.003fl7 0.00022 303264.996 800645.000
1004 3J357C.OCil &00915.JOJ Oo00146 0.00298 303570.001 800915. 01)3
kNCIIt"3 ~C36CC.OCC 800630 .oJo -o.c 0249 0.00041 303659.998 800631).000
KNCit.N4 303635 .. 000 800355 .ooo -0.00035 -0.00272 303635.000 800354."-'J7
KlliC-.IIil ~'l2640.'JOC 801160.000 -0.00055 0.00051 302639.999 801160.001
KNC11t"2 302530.CCC 800935.000 -0.00024 -0.00012 302530.000 800935.000
0\ 1\)
ITERATION ' I
STAT ION CLO X OLD V ox DY NE• X NEW Y
10 05 3027C'io9S'i 800655.001 o.ooooo -o.ooooo 302769.999 800655.001
10 06 :!0281'ioS'if 800944.9'i6 o.ooooo -o.ooooo 302819.995 800944.996
1CC7 3C315So SCi 7 800865.001 o.ooooo -o.ooooo 303159.997 800865.001
1003 3032f4o<iSf 800645.000 o.ooooo -o.ooooo. 303264.996 800645.000
1C 04 303570.0C1 800915.003 o.ooooo -o.ooooo 303570.001 800915.003
KNOWN3 30365s.~se 800630.000 o.ooooo -o.ooooo 303659.998 800630.000
KI'<C.,..4 303635.000 800354.997 -o.ooooo o.ooooo .303635.000 800354.9<jl7
KNC."l 302f3'i.<;;SS 8Cill60o001 o.ooooo -o.ooooo 302639.999 801160.001
KNCilt."2 302530.000 800935 .. 000 o.ooooo -o.ooooo 302530.000 800935.000
F I N A. L A. 0 J U S T E 0 C 0 0 R 0 I N A T E S
---------------------------------------------------FRCE STATIONS:
-------------)C y POINT MERIDIAN
STATI(;IIo (E.IISliNG) (NllRTHING) LATITUDE LONGITUDE SCALE CONVERGENCE
1005 ~027t~.SS9 a co 655.0.01 46 30 21 o19396 -66 27 50.07151 0.9999120 0 l 34.25
11)06 302819o'i'i5 800'i44.996 46 Jo Jo.ses.69 -66 27 47.72010 0.9999121 0 1 35.96
1007 30~1!:'ieS'i7 8oc E65. oo 1 46 30 27o<i8933 -66 27 31.77332 0.9999121 0 I 47.53
1003 30321!:4.996 800645.000 46 30 20.86207 -66 27 26.85364 0.9999121 0 l 51.09
1004 303570.0C1 800915.003 46 30 c:9.60l46 -66 27 12.53975 0.9999121 0 2 1.48
•EIGHTEO STATIONS:
-----------------X y POINT NER 10 IAN
STATICN (E.IISTING) (~OFHHlNG) LATITUDE LONGITUDE SCALE CONVERGENCE
KNOWN I ~02f!JS.~'i9 8Cll60.001 46 30 37.55196 -66 27 56.15892 Oe999912l 0 I 240.84
KN0WN2 ~o2!:Jo.oco 8DO'ii35e000 46 Jo ;3o. 26607 -66 28 1.32335 Oo<i999120 0 l 26.09 "' w
KNUWN3 3036S9o'i'i8 800630.000 46 30 20.36894 -66 27 8.32633 0.9999121 0 2 4.53
KNOWN. 3031!:35.000 800354.997 46 30 11 .46251 -66 27 9e50660 0.9999121 0 2 3e67
S 11'·'MAI·'V Cl- F!' )UCf:;J Ui<:~r:RVATiui~:~ • i<t:::.;l UuAL:O AI•.J AJ.J.JSf(_iJ Od::iERVATI~NS:
Ll I~ j .HICF
2 :>IST·HKE
3 Dl:if.VICE
~ u l 3 T :\' ~ CC
5 ;J I S T .\ · ~ C C
t1 OI~TA!'4(0::
7 QIRECTJf'l"'
AT
KNOI>.'N2
I (l O!'i
l'>Ob
1'10 1
10 01
I lOll
K•HlWN2
d JIRECT[U"' 2 K"'OWN2
•J [)I kc:CT ION
I J 0 I '~ E C l I 0 N 2
1 1 tJ I•<ECT IIJ"J
12 UIH~CTION ?.
t:; Dlf.IF;:;.TION
14 lJ[r(f:CT ION 2
15 L>lkLCTIO"'
1!:. DI;.(CCliO"' 2
1 7 IH f.IC: C T I 0"1
1~ tJIRL<.:TIIJN ?.
19 :liHECTION.
1 n oc;
1 0 ('<j
1 'l on
1 Vlf>
1007
1 c 0 7
100~
1 0(11
1004
100~
KNOIIINJ
20 DiRECTION? .KNr1WN3
F~· n~·
K~;r•.\'N?.
1 'l 0"'·
1 oar. 1 :)f)7
I D03
1004
KNO~IN2
KNOW~I?.
1005
l ') 'l5
Ill Of-.
I 0 Oft
1007
1007
1 0021
100.3
1004
101)4
KNGWN1
KN0111N3
H'
1 ) '15
1006
1·10 7
100.1
1 l ()/~
KIUwNJ
K~lrJWN1
1 •J ac;
KIJ:HIN2
to on
110':)
1007
1:J()fl
1'1!13
I ~lO 1
l'.l 0 4
10 03
Kr<flWN1
1004
KN:lWN4
ldO:UuLbJ uu.> :.lL.oDCII 1-!CSIOUt\L SLJoi.ll::\1
3oH.77<.J OoJOc.
~-.Jr• o<!. 72 u.u.J-+
]4'1o2H4 \). ·J 1)4
2~3.lf.!. I) •. ) ()'+
41)7 .J'•l Oo.JOo
.2':1dot•/4 \). J 04
0 0 Oo(J 2o5u
1 1 3 2 o 4 ':> • u9 z.t>o
u 0 0.\) ~. su
L>O ~2 5do'Oi7 2o5U
0 0 o.o 2o50
2 ;• j 2 7 3 0 • it!. 7' 2o~J
u 0 o.u ~.51)
.<!Jl 14 -.7.7o .<!o!>J
0 0 UoO 2o5U
'13 SY 48o61 2.50
0 0 o.v 2o5;)
2'i3 ~<J JOo..lY 2.~0
0 0 o.v .2.~<.1
2U2 43 4otii:! 2.50
0 .u 02
v .o i.) 1
o.o i.l2
lloi.JOJ
Oo004
o.v i.JJ
1.0:1
-1 • .) 3
-Uo12
Ool.!
().77
-0.17
OolO
-o ol6
-o.ot> o.t.6
-o.o.,;
OoJ9
-1 ol l
1 • 1 1
u. 'Jv£
OovJ1
UouUC:
OoJOl
Oo.Jv<:
o.JJl
Uob 7
o.r-.7
Uoo 7
Oob 7
Oob 7
o. tl7
0. i_:, 7
0 od 7
Ood7
o.a7
Uob7
Ood7
u.~7
Uo1:17
AD.Jollu~EI<IIAT lUt•
3t18o 7C:H
.!94o27..i
34Yo2d5
£+.3.773
407o34:..i
,.!o;.d.d7(j.
0 \) o.o
1132.)43.02
0 u o.o 50 22 5Jo2l
0 0 Uov
.<!7.3 27 2tlo/]
0 0 J. 0
~.31 14 47.44
0 0 Oo 0
7..3 SY 4Jo<,;9
0 0 v.o 29.;) 59 3Jo57
0 IJ u.o 2 02 43 7. 03
0\
"'"
U ~5fRVA Tl ON
5 rJISJANC"'"
SIJr.t~i\f·Y llf i-H-·Jr:CTIC~·I Ur: I}[:;I.JUALS AT THL .l';;ooJ.lu 'o C.UNfiL>..:NCE lt.::Vi..L
(TAU MAA (klT~HIWN JSi..ul
CO"'PUTi::D FfH:.lUf. FO!~ STIVHliU<ll L>E.:I/lAIH•<-1 L)F f<lcSIDUAL =
.II T F Rr)M
l 003 1 l03
PFJLCTfO RCSlDUALS:
Til kE 51 LIIIAL
11'04 o ... h.l41
::> T.; • .)t:, V 1<1:. S I i)U AL
o • .>J22
le7277
CIHTICAL PUI:'>IT
o .->oJe
I PESIOUALS ( 5% U~ THC Ob~ERV~TIU~S) ~FRE ~LAj~EO FOR k~JCCTI~N
I< E. Jt:.C r
**** IIARNING •••• LBSFFVAT IO'lS COF~RESPON':'\11'....:. 10 RE:Jt:LTt:o) r!E,;;JOUALS HAI/I:. OL.C.N U!:>t:v t;~ ft1l !:> AUJuSJMt:IH
"' 1.11
~.,,,, ~:.racs ~uM;-IAI<Y
NU-·M'fl' PI' I lEPATlfiNS hf-:()UlHCD f Wk CufNLk.;Ci>iCt: --> I MAXI'-11J'~ NU'I.Ifl£.1, IW llLki\llUI~S ALL.JW~;) ------------> ~
NlJMJjrc~ OF 'ILI'>ERVAT I UN;; I NlJo~J~•< JF Ur-IK>hlwNS
[)IS TII.'Kf-'5 0 I Zt.RLl C::RF-<u~ I) u lllfC T f( --J.:; 1 '+ Uk H:l•l AT l CJN 7 ANGLf:S I)
Al!MiJltiS l)
CIHJIJD IIi/\ 1 F S d I CULJhi) li~A T LS 1H ----- -----TOTALS 2 ~) 25
lHE NUMiJFP OF ut::;>ht:t:s Uf f'I~LI:.L>UI-'1 IS J
r5TI~ATFO VAPIANLl FACTUR= o.;_r1~170
CHl-~OcJAf~F TtST U'-1 THE VA~l~NCE FALTUR
(VARIANCE FACTOR KNU~N)
0.260413 < I • 0 00 () 0 0 < 11.~91317 7
TEST ON VARJI\NCf~ FACTOI1 Al IHt: 95.0;.)0-' C.UNFlUt:NCE LEVEL PA5.5i::S
I IHcSIDUALS ;,.u<£ rLAGGtD fGi< REJLCiluN
aa-
CLASS INTEWVAL 1-2.'> • o.o) ( OoO o 2o51
CHI-S'J.JAJ.'f' ..;uL·:JI~I:.:>S LOr fiT IC.~T
f'H~ lHI Slt>f,)A'<Oll:D Dlii·_LIIUNt 1\NGL;.;. "'"'lJ ALP1UTH I~E:j(LJUALS
P~F I'JUr~Lt:'.k Or ClA$:.;1:.:> IS <:! THf NUM'·I(I1 fH· )l.'.i"'c'C!> l;f F~d.JOr" I Uh I HI.;. TEST IS
SU"t~'IIRY ('F THE C(J'•tPUTf•TIUN ul' Tllto Crli-::.;~JJAkL ~lATISTIC
OHSLRV[!.l FkfJJ • (IJ) r 7
FXPI::.Ll t.1l f HE. 0 o ( L) b b
( U-f:) I 1
(U-CI*•2 I 1
TOTAL (CH1-SOU4RE STATISTIC) -->
THF CHI-5QUAHC CPITJCAL \11\LlJE Al THE: ':15oOJO .\0 'LUNflUt:NCC LEVEL IS-->
o.~CI 1:::> LC:::'>::i Tt1AN .iod4
Tile I EST PASSES
ISFF HISTUliRAM Ot-.; NEAT t>AuC)
I U-L )n·2/t Ool7 Oo17
Oo3.J
3od4
N;Ht::: HIF HISTOt:if;'A'-1 IS FIRST ''LGTJF[) ~ITI-l ;> LLA!>SES ITHAJ USi:::O IN TilE GUODNESS UF FIT TE::'>Tii Tt1CN •llH lQ CLASSES 50 lHAT A MOPE DETAILED REPk~S~NTATIGN OF 1Ht. ACJJAL ~tSIUUAL ~ISTHidUTILN IS ~~~E~o
a.....
llJ 68 . .,
-·.n <{
I 'l. I I ... I ><
'll I z. I I ~ I .... -· ... I I z ' 0 0
' ~ I lJ I "Jl r-I ..JII-I cftCl -"'l .,I...J I ':ltO.
• I ... I o I :lliUl • I WI - .LI
I 1Z I 1:t:J I '""I I ,, r--~ :it <{
I I ... I •.j z I <( cJJ I :1'1 - UJ z X
<( 'l. • .... w
w :X ...J .:> .::l z. ..J 1: ..J
"' z. ... rJ IW
10 ... I 0 ..,; ,...,
..;J 1"'--~ •.J ... :r "')
<1: ., .1J
·"' ... • "' ~ ....
.:r ... < ,... c ... 7 <( lo.. .... "' ~
-;-... ~ v; I ,... l"·
~ ~
IC 10
• I :0: 10:: o I <( I . .,
• I cr. I I " I ..... _,.., C' I :t: I I ... I ... I ,, I I iz I :I: I I 0 I I.;.'
I 0 r.r.
' ;:) -· ' I (/I
I <
' I -~ IJ.J I V'l I :1'1
' < I ..J
I I I -:.:..., 1.)
~ ,
"' I • r
0 0 0 0 ... C::~.J<~->W LL.:!.~'='~wzu,. •
69 -11'1 I ~
I I I
I ~ I I I -· I 0 I
' ' I ., I I./'ll I ..JI I 'f:l _,
::II I :1 ·')I . ' ' • I I./'ll
• I ~I
I 0 %:I I 1:: I .... , I :)I -N XI I ~ I I '-I I I <t I
' I '::1 I
• I N z I I ~ I I I I w I
..JI N "I
~I <I
' • I I ,., Zl
' .,,
I I I I -o VI .., ..JI
il -I '=ll
I '.\J ell
..JI "'I
C; ' I I C\. ;.;. I I <1 I I 0
• I z <
0 ... • 1./)
.., -N I I c ... I I l!.
' c ·-• I c ~ • I .. . ' ::t
I v _.., 0
I I 0 .... I ~,
I I
I c I
' I _.,. ' I 0 I I I
I 0 I I I
I I I -:n <t .., (\j I
0 0 " 0
O:W_i<,_->"-' u.:x:wo~uzu~
CLASS I"'TF~VAI 1-2.•; • o.o1 ( OoO o 2o51
CH 1-SW.JAr•( vul.H.JNL.i::. Ul' i-ll Ti.::>T
liN TH!: ~l Al<nAf-''Jl7::0 l<t.::>J,.JVAL!:> l •k.L 1<£:::-Jli)U,~LS INCLJiJEDJ
TilE ~~UMt1LI~ OF l Ll\ <:;:;;L;. I.:> £ Til[ Nli'·IHCR llF DCGf::•f-.FS Uf Ff.'E:E.:D!JM r(J~ TilL rt.ST IS
SU·~IV.II;;-Y IJF THC cn-.."Uri•TliJN OF THt. Lrii-::>U-.IAf,t. ::.TATI::>TIC
01:\SFQ\i!OD FPEOo(OI 7
I :1
FXPELTED rwEOo(E ~ y
(U-EI -2
4
(0-FI**2 .. 16
lulAL (CtU-SUuAkE STATI~TlCJ -->
THE CHI-SOUA~E rPITICAL VALUF AT TH~ ~5oaOU a C0~1'1~ENCE LEV2L IS -->
2.22 IS LE.:.S THAN ..Jod4
THE T tS T f.> A 5SES
(SEE HI~I~~WAM UN Nt.XT ~A~[)
(0-Eh*2/E Oo<>>+ lo7d
2.22
3.84
NOTE: THE HISTOG~A~ IS FIRST PLOTTED ~ITH 2 CLA::.~ES (THAT USEU !N THE GUUDNESS OF FIT JEST); THEN •ITH 20 CLASS~S sn THAT A MORE DETAILLO REP~E~t.NTATIUN uf THL ACJ-.IAL RESIUUAL DI~TWJdUIION 15 GII~N.
.... 0
w 71 \.:1
-n < I !l. I I 1-
I >(
''J I z I I ·~ I -~ ... I I z I 0 :)
I 0
I ·JJ I ... I ... I ., _..,
~ .J I -.J ::1.
• I 0 • I :::> '" • I ...J
u I z z I " I I ;J) ... -N _J "' I < ... I _., z I ::) w I './)
., I .Ll :JJI 'X .:!II\
• ..... I •.LI ...JI:X Jl _...I-;, -II;J
I...J ·./l I ...JI<
I <[ ... I ::> w I rl 0 I
-o ·.') :.J I I JJ :X I I " 0 I I ::[
• I I ':)
I '-' "" I . '.,/
I I ")
I [J V! I < L.! I ~
,_ I I
,.. ... 1-I 1-
I 111 II. •
~ I;.
I ::::: 0 I ... -N 111 I I I!. lr
I u '"-! I z I ::;: a
<[ I g . ' t! I • I l!) I " • I :J I
I .... I w _,.., fJ",' I I -I ... I :::1 I 7 I
I 0 I w I 0 .... I ::>
-<t I I U'l I <[
I I Ill
•.u ,_, .. ~ <(
...J I I I -n •J
<t .., N I . . 0 0 0 0 .... -c: '.!J _J ........ - > w .1. a:: .u o :::> w z u-.,. -~
72 -<ll I 0 I I I
I 0 I I I -~ I 0 I I I
I ~
I I I -I _.., ·.:J I I ~ .;J I
• I .:ll • I :.:ll o I ..JI
:.JI I 0 Zl I -I I I
• I <Ill •----N ..JI
• I <I • I :>I
I :::ll I I ,, I .., :u I
:z: I
..J
.J ~ ..::
• ell ------ ..J ., 1: ., ::)
0 .", ~ ~
::: 01 J.JI
I (\J Nl I· I ':l I u. --- <1
"' (") 7 < ... L~
I 0 I I~
I I .....
-(\j
I I 0 "-I ~.
I I I '!'" I
<t I 0 0 o¥ I o I vi • I 01
I I-I -"l J'JI
0 I II
I 0 I I I _., I I c
' ' I ~
' ' ,.,
<t "' N I
0 0 0 0
iXW..J<o--:>W ~x;o.~a:>UJZ<J>
ST-"<TIO~l Ct5.0'J0 Y. C.L•Nrlf)ENCL t:LLlt":..t:.:. (:.ttlkES)
r·ALrO"l ·JS':n IOf.J r'11At.'>~ING TltFSL fLLIP:..LS IRO:•I .::.TA~.JARJ ELi....Jt>~::s: IVARlA'K:: i=ALTOH ..;N;j,.N) : 2. ~464
(C<JVAHIANCr- ~-~1\TRJX r:-r- uAPAMrTTPS itJ 1\~.) '.!ULTI.-'LitU bY Tt11: ._~rlMATt.D VAtUANCE FACTI;>< ( Ool:ll2170 l)o
STATIO!\~ Sf:~~~ -I>IA JUh' ")(J s SF ~: I -}.I l • IU r: A K I !> AZ. HlluTJi ut- ::OU4 1-MAJUk AXIS AkCA Of" ELL lPSt
lJ05 0.021 0. 0 1'1 -'iJ2 lu 44 uo11J7b0-02
I JOe Jou<!l 0 .o 17 ..J . .>~ 1 1 H 0 o 11·•.J2U-02
1007 flo02? Oo117 J!>V h 1 8 voll/.!.'JD-02
1003 Oo021 OoOII'l 354 30 J7 0. ll tl790-02
1 J 04 Uo021 OoOl'i' .;2:> 40 ., Oo1lc.Y01.1-02
K"4UWN3 Oo019 Oo014 .:.do.J 4::l ~· Uo<l.J1ll7D-O.:J
K'-IOwr~4 Oo017 Oo014 1 0 :,J:.. 3(, o. 7o<! J4 o- 03
KNOY;NI 0.017 Oo014 1 1 1 t> 17 Uo l1 Jd60- 03
KNOIIioN2 Oo01H Oo013 ·~.)<+ 4lj 45 o. 11 1 ;~tiD- o:s
TOTAL AREA OF STATION ~LLlPSES = Oo894Y9D-02
...... w
F~'·t ill I VL <•', • )!I \l .,_ o;i. .. iF 1 .JUoCl: LLL 1~:.; LS ( Ml::l't.i.:.S)
~'AC..fU,~ JSrU t=()R (19fl\l'li'JG THL".t- f·.LLI''~~FS FlJfll·l ::>IANDI\t.:LI t:LLl~~£:.:0! lVAIHA,...(.t: rACTlH< ,.:., • .:.;,.N~
(CJVA~IANCE MATRIX Of PARAMLTC~S IiilAS
FI'-U•\4
J,} J ~
1005
IOv~
I :J O'j
1005
1 00S
10.)5
100:j
1 U Ot..
1006
lJ'Jo
lOOu
I .JOt..
1 0 •)(J
I J :)f.J
1007
1001
10J7
1007
1 0 J7
10v1
1vv.J
1003
1003
1•J 03
TO
1 ()l)f,
1 007
1 003
10!14
K NU lA N .3
KNO't1N4
KNOII.Nl
K ;~( 1 'I;"' 2
1 00 7
l 003
1 0!14
KNOWI'O
KNr"J~jN<\
KNC'NIH
KNO\·.N2
1003
1 (liH
KI~OioN J
KN0'"N4
K!'I<J'"N1
Kr•nwN2
1 004
KNC«N3
KNOitNI\
KNllW"11
SF'Il-MAJOfl
0 .J 11
0.014
o.ot4
'lo01f.
o.ot~
OolJI9
'lo'>l7
o.ul3
0 • 01 I
0 o·114
O.Olh
r:l.O 1(,
o.ul~
o oO IF'.
0,014'
0 •')09
OoUI5
OoOI6
r:lolll9
o.JI8
OoOI!:o
OoOIS
o.ots
0 eO·I R
n.o1~
'5F~'I-'1! NC~
o. 0( 9
0.011
0.014
0.014
Ooll14
0.017
o.o1s
OoOI:'
0.009
0. 0 1 1
0.014
0.012
0.016
0.014
o.ott
o.ciUH
0.012
0.012
O.Oif>
o.r:>14
0o'>l2
OoU12
0.012
0 o ()I''
o •. JI~>
1·1ULf1r'LIE.:;J UY flit:. C:HIMATLO VAfHANCE fAC..TU•~ (
AZ P•l·Jl ti "'AJ.JR
l)<:j j·~ ~ ..
31 R .J.> _N
30'1 ~I 20
J ()4 IJ 2 'J
4 3 .l 0
305 41> li
41 •I 4S
2P4 11 U
14 .3> ;,>_7
41 4'1 3
3.'12 ~,. 7
q 41> 4
J4(, ;! 1u
"() :; 4;)
3!1 4 1 .J2
30f> 2;' 1U
32e 1.> 45
7 2.1 i~T
l .1 fl 1 I ~':I
16 .: 5
.1'31 2 I 4.l
? 'I" .;t, 1 u
1 ~ ;,>_ ,j 4<>
.3.35 3:; 3.:i
? 1 I~ 4·)
01 ::.fA,~(.E
;,>_'J ••• ~,J
4-~~."..J42
4~::..u<,H
El41o1lJ2
B'J'JoJ-l\1
<.J 1ootJ4tJ
!>:..1.41:>4
.Jo:~.7.Jt
J49 • .c!d5
S.:io.olo
15u.ovu
WJ7o1~1
1 •>u:... 1 4 7
~duo 41.)<::
290o10b
24.i o/7.J
41.>o04J
~;j2 ... 7j
6\luoY<+-+
~~l.tl4tJ
uJJ.tJ74
4\,)f.J<+j
J•J::>.~Jb
410o11l
d;)'J.d43
?RECIS1U'i
1 !
l :
1 !
I:
1 :
l :
1 :
1 :
l :
1 !
1 :
1 :
1 :
1 !
1 !
1 !
1 :
I :
l :
1 !
1 !
1 :
1 :
1 !
I !
2 74tJ l
3L30 1
.l4':1~'>1
5157 3
~9td5
4 ':136 1
.J Ot>t> 7
2':121~
.325!:>0
J 7ob a
45<'16
55101
5.J4t•5
153t.1
2 ()7',j6
2 6.33 8
2 7 !l!LJ
.jJ721
3683b
.,j2 S!l6
42160
.2o44 o
260J8
~oOlO
45467
~TJ~~~v. ADJ.J1SfANCE
u.J->4
J. J ();)
OoJuu
v. J ""
Uo JJO
o • .J ()d
.... J;J:.
o.oo::>
0 • J v-'
OoUO:)
Oo.JJ<o
v. ·.) i):}
LloJ07
OoJ.Jo
o.JO;J
o • .) (}<+
OoJO!l
l) • J ()~.)
UoJu::i
Oo JL)o
u. J <}:)
o •. J u:.
.o. ·J OS
J. )1)/
o.uuc.
:: 2 o'+4d4
Ooti1217.J ))o
STJeOE.Vo AUJoAL1MUTH
2oY3
2o5ti
2.35
l .54
1 • .J :,j
1. so
2oo3
2.12
z.;,y
2 o2 .1
lo/5
lo52
1. 40
!;>.17
4e05
2.7'.j
2o':lo
2o.J4
1 • <,O
2.56
1 o'-i 7
.Jovl
3 • .!2
2 •')0
1 oti2
....., .,..
0 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ n ~ N ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ "' . ,., "'
~ 0' "" ~\t ~ !") •0 ·.? ·.'1 :~
:,.. .,. ..., ....
C·
0 ~ •{) ... (\1
.1 J ,...
c ~-J
::l . 0
,., .. 0 l'l ·.')
ID
c 0
-~ . c
z ....
. . . • 0 '\1 0 0 0 0
0
-:') . 0
('J
'Z. ;c
:.J z y
_,., 0 ·0 . ::l
... ..,
...,
'J ·'\!
c
0 c . {">
~1'1 ... ,(1 0 (") 0 0 ..,, 0 . 0 0
~ ·0 ..... ...,
·1'
·.]' ·0 ~ ,..,.,
... . ., l{ !..( ,.,
c 0
0 . c
z ' 0 z ~
...
~Cl (\1
..... 0 c . 0
. C'
(\:
z :;: r ... )[
. 0
J1
0
' 0
"' 0
c
z 30 D z )[
·!) ~'l 0 0 0 .., . . 0 0
~ 0 (\1 (\1
(\1
"'
"' 0 0 ,., :1'· 't . . .... 0 t .')
(\1 (\1
c
0
(\1
z :s 0 z )[
~ 0 0 . 0
0
c
75
:/)
... i-
< > u
76
- ~-~·~•n•n~~•n•o•~• ~ ~~~~~~OO~OO~?~C~OO
- I I I I I 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I ~ ~~~~~0~~~~~~~~~~~~ • n~-,~~~·•~o~~~r~•~ - ~~D~~·,n~-oN~~:~~-~ ~ n~~~~~~~~~-~~-~u~' • c~~~~-~~~o~~~'"~~~ • ~ ~~•~t~n~~-~~-•~,~~ - N~~o,no•--~~N~a•-~
~ ~ -0 0 .._ .C ~ N 0 e 0 :·1 ~ •0 • ,.., .() • .._ 0 -~~~~~N~-~-··~~MNe t.J ••••••••••••••••••
ooo~?aoao~~~oo~~ao I I I I I I I
~ ~ ~n•n~n•n•~•n~n~n•~ 0 ~00~~?0?~?~?~~0?00
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~03~
• ..,,n~-J~:I)JN~-W.C~~ ... ~~ - ~~:N~~~--~NO~~X~-~ 4 ~ ~~·-~~-~~~~~~N~~n~ ~ ~ ~o~~~~~ ... -~~~~-a~?~ ~ n-,o-~N•~-,Na .... .o ... o
n1ry:•..,n~~c-o ... ~--n~ ~ ~ o~N~onn,oa~ ... ~-~-~ ... ~ ~ .n.wn••N·-~~-NNUN• • u •••••••••••••••••• • ooooaooooooooooooo
• .. 'lit ...
.. ..
t!' c
)<
>
..J c:
I I I I I I I I
,, -~ .n • ;fl -~ 11 1' .o • n ,.,. _n • .o ~ .o • a~??~OOOO???OOOOOO I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I c~~~o~o~~~?~~oco~~ JN~~~ ... n~~c-~n-,n-~
·"C .. r.. .::t '\I J: '::1 "\I "J ,., ...... ..;,; :"'J :') ., '"'!\;..,\\I N·•~-~~o~nnuo•-No• ~~J~0·_, ... ,~~1?..,.~~ -~ n~ ... n~o1'pn~a~ooN ~~~,~~~~~·~~O'~~~~ _.,,.,~-~--~·~~,~~ ~~~~~a~~~~-~-~~~-• . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . O~OOOO?O~J?OO~OOOO I I I I I I I I
·:r·Jl • ,, ~ • ., • ,., ~ ~ ·"t .. , • • i -~ .n. •{I
no??~~~?OO?O?~OO"O I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I ~~~~~~o~~~~~~a~~~n n.,o~n-on~-••~-~NN•
!"'-- ~ -~ •'- ,, ~ -- ., "'~ ·"' ...... "" -~ ~ ::t -~1-1'·~~~~~-~~-~ ... -N U. C 0 ....,. .... '}.C "" (\. ~ 1.;'"': C"·J lf\ C. \.;) ~ ~ ,..-, r'1 :-:.: ,... ,..,.... "' f"'. ~ c. - ... -. ,.... u: - ,.._ c-.,j o· c- ~ ,... C~~~~~~~Q~~CL~~~N~ ~~~~~r~~~~~~~-·-~~ ~-t \...'"': ~ I"··~ .. " ""1'.!' :"1 - C\. _..,., - .... ('\,,; ::0 (\) -ct ................... onc~onocc~ooccoooc
I I I I I I I I
~~~~~-~-~-~-~-~-~· c~cconcococ=coccco I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I c~~~~~C0~Cc~cc~coc
~ ~-~~~~MC~-c-•~~~-~ c•c~~~N~~~--~c~~~~ ~~~.N~<~~-o·~~~~~~ ~-o~ -•~N~-~~c~~~o c-o~-~~c~•~~·~·~~~ n~~~~~~~~-~~~~~~o~
-~-~"=~·~~=~~-~~oc~ ~~~~~~~Jl~~-4-~~~~· . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cc~coccc~cccccccco I I I I I I I I
d~~~-~-~····~~-~-~ c~cocccocccoccccoc I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I ccc~~cc.nc~c~cc~~~c
~ ~~~~~~.~~~~~c~~o•o ~ O~~~N~N·--~-~~·-ON ~- .,:: e ...... ,. : 4' : . .!'' cr ~ - c:- ...._. - - r 1 .J· C\: P.... f": • x Q~~c~x:•~~,a-~~-o-~ ~ ~~~-o ... -~~N~N~O~O~~ "ll o ~n"""" ~ :_.., ·~ \I(",.;,...,~"'- o..,- .. .; -,., ~ -r
\J :1"1 - .., - ~ """" f'(" !~,..,.. ...... •!"I ..... """- ~ q ..,. ::" ......
~-·~~-~-M-N---N-~~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~~~O?"o~,~noa~~o~~
I I I I I I I I I
Ill
-.. .. .. .. ,. ,. .. .. .., z • ::l
.. ... .,. ,. .. .. ..
...
.. ,._ ... _.
,.. .. ...
X
.J ·.) ..,)
.,
J ~ u
.,.
u
..J ,_., u
••~•~•~•••n•~•n•n• o~~~o~o,ooooo~oooo I 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~-~nN~n-~-~~~~~~~G •-~~~N-1l~-~c~ •• ~o -~,~~~~~~~-~~-~~N~ oan~J,~••·"~~~--~~• N .,iJ- JJ .\J,..... ~\i P'-- J.) "") ,.,_ ..0 ':"l-., ·1"- • M~OMQ~N~~~-~~•on•~ ~.._ •"11'-._ ~!'- ~ ·"t :!).1\lj·\j·JN~ ::l• -•~•~•J•-n1D~•••~n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~oooooOJO~~oo~o~oo
I I I I I I I
-t~•1•n•~-~~n~~•~-t' o~ooooooJ,~o,~oo~o
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 'j ') ~ l :":1 ~ -:1 :l .) J ·':! ·) ::0 •) ') ~ ') w ·~·-~~-~-~~~n~n•a~ ~~~~NON~~o~-~~J~nn ~o-~~-~~~~~-~o:~'-•~ ~·~~~~~N·N~O~~-rN~ N~~~~~~~-~-~~~~--~ _, ~"').,-·,!"!'"\!·"' .. J""" ... ,_"'f\~0·1"'1""")., la~-~~~~·N-~~~~~~~-~-N-N-1N,~N·N~N~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 00000?0~0000000000
I I I I I I I I
••••••~•••n•~•n•~• onoo~J,oonooooooo~ I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I ':I':IO~~'))Ol~oca~oooo , __ ~~·~-~~-~\l~D~O
_. .:J '\JI..., ·'"""'~- ;1 1!" ~ ~ '0 :0....., ~..,., N .:t z- n~•~~-~~~N-oN·no ~~n~1l~~1~~n,\l•~~.. ,..,,_~- ... :y.., '1\'"\J "J-n.>·~,!'\1~?·.1' ~-o~,_,~,,~,~-~~o~ ooo-~~~~V~\l~·~·-~~ -~-n-~~~-;~~~~~•~m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . oo~~~ooooo~ooooooo I I I I I I I
•~~~~n•,•••••~~••n ~oo~~o~~~oo~o~~ooo I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I ~~OJ~~JO~~~n~':I~O~O
...... .., ......... "\I -:t ~.1 :!' ""J-- "\J f"t. .• """" .... ~ ..,
,,~~-~~~~>•on-~?~-"~~~~~~~•oo~~~~-~~~~-~~~~~--~~~NON N~rn~~~~-~--~~~~~~ ~~~:D-:•~~NO~~~~~n ~~~-n~~-~~-~~~-~~~ ~·~~--~·~-~--~N-N~ .................. cc~oococcococoococ
I I I I I I I I
..:'· .;f i,;' ~- '..1 <! f..") ~ L.r) <1 !!'"" Lf') 4' !:"') ~ ·..(.j <r o~cccococcccooocoo I I I 1 I I I I I I I I 1 I I I I I ~~cnc~~~rc~ccn~ccc C~Q~~--~-~~-~~:oc~ -d ... .:- - ~ - <... ..(• -· c:.: a: (t f'"; ,,, .... 4" c. <: :::" MNOC~L~~O~~N~C~~~~~ .~~~~~~~nN~•~-~~o~ ~a-~-~~~~~~,...-~~~~~ n~JO~-~~-~~~N~~O~N ~·N-~oo•-~r~~~-~,n~ -~n~~~N~~0-~~~-~-• . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cco~cocccccocooocc I I I I I I I
c~~u•~~~·~·~•~·~·~ ooccco~roooconcooo I I I 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I ~CC~~~~C~LCCC~CCCC .~o-~o~•~•-~cc-u-~~ ~~-~~~-~~r~-~"~~~~~---~~~~~.~~~-~NO l.: <1 ,..._- w·· ~; •rJ 0 Crt":~ <r' C <t (\' {f,.... C '!' ·l: u ... ~ u: .... =.::co- c. C\: rn,..,.. a.. e ~ ~ ~~~-~:~~-~~N~~~--~n,~~~~-~~~~N~.-~~ r"") f'\o. !""l. .. · ......... r.f''l ~!.., ·,;; r-.J .0 "'\l ~ ':"',! ~ !".J r"' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~o~~~aeco~~oo~oooo
I I I I I I I I
-N~-~~~~~~-N~~~a~~ ____ ....,. ____ _
77
.. .. ... ... ... .. ~ ... .. .. "J
"" ..
"' " ...
.. .. ..
,.. ,.
)(
X
~
..J ::::. u
_·,
,.._
u
~~~·~·~•~to•n•~•n• 0~~~~~~~~0~~~~~~~~
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ o~~~~~~?~~~~~~-~~•
~~-~~--·-•~~t1'11~~~n 1-" , i,j ~ ...,. f' ~ .J'- ,:) ·.1 ,.. .) -1 ~ •"f _:J' .,
- ~ ~ ) :.... .0 0 V . .., ..- ~ ~ ui - :-, " ... 1 -~~~~o~on~~1-~o~~~N <tD~~~~-N~~~~-~<tNOn ~~,~~~~=~N-•-~-o~n ,._, t·• •.•• ") t .... t:l ·? .l .'1.., ~. !\1 ttl • • e e • e • I I I I I I I I I I I o~o~o~ooooo~~ooooo I I I I I I I I
• , t " -t n " o • _, • •n • ,., • '·"' t ·-~ ~~oo~~oooooooo,o~o I I I I I I I 1 I I I I I I I I I I ~~~~~"~)~~~,~~,~~~ ·-N-~tnO~~Jn~·=~N~ ~~-~-~~<t~N"~~O~ON~ '~-n1n~~-~-~~~a~-~ O~~~O~~~O?NO~~~..,~~ ~~~o~,~~~o~-•~a~~~ ~~~•~---~o~-~~~~~o ~~~~~-~~~~-~~~~no~ ~~N-~N~-~NN1-~~~~N .................. ooooooo~ooooaooooo
I I I I I I I I
• ·t :1 ·t .... t .... "' •• ''1 • ·/') t .,, <t fl <t ~,o~oooooooo~oo~oo I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I ~~~~~~~~a~~o~o~~~~ ~~N"'>~N~o-~~~?~JO~r -~~·J~~,~~,·~~~-,, '.J J' '\J 1). 0 .... :JI ~ ···J ~ .1 .... - :1 ~·:'I :, ·•-J:t;J""'t':t'~~J ...... ~"C_.., . ., ...... ,~~ ... ~~,,~,.~~ ~~~~
O•~t~t-~'~"1~-0tO"-~ ~J-~-,.~,-~~~.._..,,no
-~o~r~o~-·~-~~~~D• .................. ~~~OJOO~~~~OO~?~OO I I I I I I I
•~•~•a•~~,•~•~•~•o ~~~n~~~~~oo~~o~o~o I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I ~~J~=~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ""r--. \J ..... """!"_ .......... ./')._..,]'1 , .... ,., !)!').. ,. .. , :: .. , (t.;; ·)..;t .. -,.., ., ·"! "- '\i i"J•;"l '\1 ~,r-~o-~~,o~~=~~oo ~~~~c:~~cr--c~~-r~ ~ ~ ~· ~ <' ·:: r:- c t!" C\. oCJ :1 rr ~- tr ,. .. o U""
-=~~-c·~~Mc~-•~•~• ..::t,.. ~ ~ ~ ~ ·:='"- ,...) "'"'": N r-.: .:t f""": ,._~ p...C'. ·"':' :".:"'·N..,.. r"~ -C'; !"ii\.:~X"! or;,!"'lC'J~ .................. ~~~ooooo~oo~?ocooc
I I I
~~0·~·~·~·~-~-~-~c~cccccccoccoococo I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I c~--c~ro~~oc~c~~-c ~~--~~o~e~o•c~-~-~ ~~~:~~c~-~coco-~QM """: .... - .::t "':- ~ ... ·:- ::.:-·- C- N ::\::::::- :.~ f'~ .:- c _: c- .... .::· ~ /"') C\: n d' ~,... ~:.:-.;~:X_;~,..... ..,-! ~ "-.;! "',....., ~. ,J cr. 0 0 1 ... ..r. ...::: tr' ~ ·:""·.: ~T· "\I-~:"'~ N ("' : L"'· ~ <t..:: C!..:! ~ ..: ,.,.. :0 o--~-- .. ~~~~~~~~~~---~~~~~.~~r~.~~~n .................. ccccocccccococcoeo I
.:t '-'· ~ 14·, .e- oJi c: !..1. <" 1.() -cr 1r.., lt: d' If. .r::t lti occcoccccococcocoo I I I I I I I I I ! I I I I I I I I ~CrCC~O~CC8CCC~CCC ~~T~~~n~~N~e~c~o~~ ~~~~-~~~~rr~c•u~~~~ ·~~oi:~~~N~~-~~~~c -~c.~~"~·~N~C·~~~~ ~-~-~-~-~~~~~c~~•o ""') ........... 0 ..... :"\! -~ !'\1 "!""' I!'\ ~ 0 ::;. ~ - ..... :tl -....... """' ~ ,;;t ""!· -~ (\j """": "":' :t ~ ~! ~ ~ ... J ~· ·~ ~ ------I'\~(\.! ...... ,.,. \\J :"'''.r."''~ :"\~~- ,"'\ .................. o~ono~~~~~oo~oo~oo
78
AOSfkA(T FOR ST~ll~~: I ·)•.l··, ( "\':i c>.;; Jt.t-<1\INI::IJ iJY p,..(J,_.i..;Ar~ v[IJI-'AN UN wt'D, I"LI/o 2::1, 197Yl
LA 5 J 11~-:; ( ~ j Jfl2lfq. ·~(,'-_i r.tF"fl··~ ~~ LAT I T"Jll::O 'H.> ..iU <:loiYJ'-Jo
~lU>H HPLi ( Y l P006S~ol01 ~~T~~S L'."l'..J:;tJd,J;~: -l>b i!.l 5(). 0 7L>I LLii/AI-IlAi~C(. MATIH.<
--A-- --v--ORTdUMt:.TRI:: HF:IGHT: ?. 9 1 0 0 ') () ,; ;~· 1 ; .. ;:: s ;VC:f1[;>11L rlL[:;.dT 0 • c:; ,J J >'~ l.. T Rt: S 1) .!~ ;s·Ji:>uJ,PJ-04 -o.H1.Jo;,,14c;; 7;)-05
U~FLECTIDN CU~P~NENTS 2.0 ·_:;crfND':. Pl'IPTH); -loU ~LCU~~~ ([ASTI -o.~l3Y~417J-J5 o.u~~ll7~1~-~4
t~Cr< 1 ;)J :.. . ..t CU ~IIFHGF:NCF. 0
Fr~o·~ HI
1005 I( NO '<I'~~ 2'
1 aos 1 00(>
.14 • ...!!:> ~OINT ~C~L~ ~ACT~" : .Jo'-JYJ'>Il2u
G'l ( D '' l JI.1U f II vi< I u 'J[..,f A'lCL AhC TU l..lii.JkJ
~lq ?.3 ~j~j.J~; 3•1Ho 7U 1
'} 46 ':)4 0 311 2;; 4oi!.7..i
0
I)
\)
0
uoOO
o.oo
L l t4L !iCAL£:
'"' 0 ~ -~ ~ 'J 1 2 0
Oo9YY<;;121
..... \0
Ad5frA(T Fn~ ST•TIUN: I , 0 r., (AS lJ,::Jt.::l-!-llr.CU LY PkU:....;AM ..OF.Gr>AN IJN 1111::0, l't·JV. ~<:So 1-,~7-,J
CAS f I to .i I XI .'l 0? 'II '' • ')'I 5 '~ L Tl< c <; L" r! 1 iJlli ,..,_, J.J .30o~dO>u9
r•U~ltilrJG ( Y) : 8'l0944o'l<:.t• ·~rl r>r-~; lf.1'U;!ltJ..JL:. : -&t> '' 4l.l.:.v10 ~~VA~l-NLt MATRI~
--x-- --v--U..T110111t.::TR1C t~FIGHT: ;>qP.,OOO '·'~"T•<r·;-; ;<,i:!."JIPI\L 1-ltli>til. -U.t!UO ·"1L T~F::> u,4:31 .. l"Jl..}UJ-0-. -O,J7..:!d6-+7t.O-O!.>
UcFLE;CT 10"' COMI'r:"'ENTS
~E~IOIAN CONVf~~ENCF
fPO'I4
1006
1006
0
TU
I 005
I 007
2 o 1 Sf. Cl 'N :J S ( II 1 P T If I ; -1.2 SELLNUS (~A~f) -0 ,3728647o)-OS o,7.J5cJ&.:l43D-04
~~ .... 96 POl Nl SLALE t-AL fl,f< Uo<J<;,'~':/121
G'l I D A l. I ·~u T H GRILl i:JI~fA,KL
l IJ'·J '•t· s11 • :3<> 2~ 4. <! 7 J
I 0, l·l 2-'.0'i 34':1o<!d:.i
AI<C J(J CHIJkU
" 0 -0. 00
0 o -o.oo
L I 1>!1.0 SC•\Lt-..
()oY'J4~121
o,yY<;Yl21
~
AJ~TPACT FC~ ~TAll~~: I 0 o 7 (A", .. ~l..oh:~!f.;t:J u~· 1-'r.u;,;..A~I uL:u.:>M, uN w.:u. ruv. 26, 1<;.7.,_1
t::·\S r HI\> ( x I .1 n J 1 ~ q • ) (' r ·~ 1 rr< r: '; L4. T I TllU:o 4t· JJ ~ '· 9fl·~jj
Nc1 H r ti I i~,; I 'f I : HO 'Jfl (: ') • •)0 I f·l t: l m- ~:; L'..l NG I Tu.;.; : -tot• ;!.7 • .H.rr . .l;.;£ C~VA~!ANL~ MAfRlK --~-- --Y--
ffilHCH .. LHHC H£.1C>HT : 2 1111.000 f·'Cl!"~'i ; '.~ F' n I I) .~.l dL I..> I i )' -J.uJO "LT~t.:S o.~041Y~~1J-U4 -0.4d346~~6~-U5
DeFLECT ION C!l...,Pl1 NENT5
MSRIUIAN CU~VFRG~NCE
II-/OM
1-..107
1007
0
TU
1 Ollo
1003
~.0 Sf'·(')~il)'j Ul II'TH I; -l.u ~FLLNDS (EASJ'I -u.4bJ4u~~uJ-v~ 0.7739!0190-04
4 7 ...... _. D n f N T ::.L. A LF:: F AL 1 Uh: : 0. 99 J'J 1 21
G~ I 0 II Z I \llJ TH ,iHILJ OlSfAI<CE AHC Tu CHOHI) L lNE S<.ALE
?n.i 14 2,oO':i .34-Y.Ld~ 0
154 29 tO.!'i.J 24 :J. 17 J 0
o o.oD iJe,I'J'J<;.l21
o -o.oo ue'I-J':i9121
OD 1-'
•\'3STI-iiiCT ~-r:Jr. Sl'I.Tiil'.: I l 0 ~ ('\'; U~ILI<-·4li~! D lY I'·H .. G·~AI4 :;t.(J~1 AN :JN VtCJo 1\.UIIo ~do 1<,17•J)
E~~t l1\h.; C " I 301?F4o~9h MrJRr~ LA T I TU..>t:. .,.,, .ju <!Oobu2.v7
NdinHI:·Hi (Y): AOrlf'll<;o"lOO IAFTPFS LC!"·Jf"~ I TUj~~ ; -t>t> 2l <!l> • 8':>.H-~ LL..V'.\.ilANC£ MAT~IX --x-- --Y--
U!l i1W·LTRI C HE I G~T : 312o OOU ·.1r lid'S ; c.c· 0 l :)IlL di_ l::; • IT J • .:: ) u -~...: r r~ t: :.. a.532~Y~~~J-04 -0.20dduo64J-O~
OCFLroCT I UN Cl1'-li.>UM.NTS
ME~IJIAN CO~VFRGENCF
2.0 sr-cnML> ''' lf'TIIl; -l.l Sl.<.u;•.J.:> (LA!..TI -0 o 2.0btH:Ivo 4.)- (J S Uo 747d2'ilo!)l>-04
Ff<[l'.l
1001
1001
0
TO
I 007
1004
51 .-19 ~Ol~T S~ALE FACrUk Vo'i'7't.,l2.l
GPIO AZI"'UTH
IV~ 2'· 10.">J
4"1 ;_:q 0.'52
GRID L'l!:>fiH;_:;:
2'1Jo 77j
•.u7.~·~
-<RC TCi CHORoJ
0
u
0
0
o.oo o. 00
L J Nc SCALE
0 o'J499121
iioJ-J')91~1
00 N
A,;·_,T 1U\CT ff:f< ST~Ilu:,,: 1 .")(1•• (.\S iJ:Jt:.·~·Ht,l"D •IY t-'l,u.:.I<AI•\ ·.-t::O~AN L-N Wl:i)o o4u'o/o .:'cJo 1\.7';)
EAST IN:.j (X l 30."1">7"1.•101 •'H TI'FS L II T I l Uul.: 'H• ;)J .:'9otJ0l4C
NlJkTIH ~(; (V) ! 'l10<ll~olJ3 l)[l~'[S LOtH:; I 1 UUt: ! - :ob <!.l 1.:'.5j·~7'J ~~VAWlA~~E MATkl~
--A-- --v--Of< f 1-IQ;'~::.:: T I~ l C Hf:: l G HT : :J 7 2 • ~ 0 0 '-' r Jl.~ E :; ;GFI~I'li\L Hcl.:.i11 -u.-.;,oo ~LTI<CS u.5<lJ4:>ou£J-v4 -0.1259...10:.91D-04
ut:t"Li:C T I GN CCMf'ONCNTS lo9 SErrNnS (N~RTH); ·•l • 2 SLCU:~v::> ( t:A::>T l -J.1259349lj-J4 Oot>d52v::>Ju.l-04
MERIOIAN CO~VCPGFNCE
FROM
1 004
I 004
0 2
TO
t 00 ,j
KNUWNJ
I • 4 >i f>QlNT :,C./lL~ ~-A<..TGr~ : OoYY'J9l21
G~ (I) /l Z I ''II.JT H ut<IIU JlSTA•LL At<C lu :::HURli
?28
162
29 0. 5:.:!
2R 31. OY
4J7 • ..)4'J
29Bo!:ll4
0 o -o.uo
0 0 -O.JO
Ll N~ SCALE
o.,.c,-;.9121
0 • ~ ',1 Y9l 2 1
CD
""
AJSTFACT ruq ST-ftu~: ~~F_l·" N? (Ar C~rCR4iNI:O GY P~U~~~~ ~~OPAN UN wEOo hjVo ~Jo 1~7Yl
I: AS T I!~_, I Xl 3 o .~ ,..~ c=;....,. ·J ':~ ~ '4 L 1 r.· c- CJ I_ AT I T Uo.;c: 4u .HJ z,J.3ub~4
NJf-Trii:J'-> (Yl : qQQf,~,l.l:)o') ,.,"·tr."c; L·J~J(;(TiJJi~ : -~t; <:_f boJ~U.>3 Lu~Ak!Ah~L MAlRIX --x-- --Y--
G·~ T tt 0 'I F. 1' R l C t-<E I G liT : 4 1 •; • 0 •) 0 'J F lP := -; ;t,r-()I"AL llt·.I.~IH \Jot..JO MLlHF.~ o.Jl21J~7Y~-04 -0oJjlJJ1170-05
I).:FLt:.CIILN CO:~OGNF'IIT<; ?.o sr-r:r'Ni:JS pnr;nq; -I • 0 5[CUi~.)~ I EA5l l -J.J~lJ0117J-u5 o.~27790dOJ-04
M~K1JI~N CU~VEPGENCE () 2
FFOM TO
KNOW!'l3 I O;J4
KNOIIINJ KN()WN4
'•. ~. 3 PUHIT :'>CAL:: 1--Allut<: Vo'>'oJ~<Jl~l
G'~ I D A!. I "Ill T H
J4;! ?t~ 11 .O'J
lfl5 1 I 3Ro 14
(;~-: tu lJ 1.:. r A.,a.t.
~~ t) • ·I 74
27t•olJ7
AkC lU Ui(Jf<[J
0
0
0 o.oo
o -o.uv
L 1 Nt:: SCALE
Vo'i'-J'JYl~l
.~.· • .:;.,..c;t21
co ~
"" 4' 0 0 85 I I
'") c ·.J •.n "" ~
I '\1 "\1 )( > ... ,.,
I .., ~.,
:Y I ~ 4' -I '""
... , .,.. I <If :'1.1 -d'
""' I :E . • '"' I 0 0 u
I ;..! ..J N u <(
z ·'t ·fl u "' c <t .., '") :.!') .,.. '\j I I ,J\
.! :1 c l!J . .,.. -1: :) _) z
:> .,. 't .... 0 .-, ' I ~ 'J .J
·- v < )' ,. I .c 0 I "' 0
') .., J• 'J .,
'J .':) 0 ... -r 0 0 0 ::J .
z 'I: 0 .::> u
z D < <1l ... 0 ~ ·j
. .J :.: '\J v l.U 0 X ·-' .!1 .J J •)' <( ·":)
• ,J . .) .... ,.,. r ~ ·;) ,, ·:]< <{ ~
_, 0 <( "' ,y .., .u
? ._.,.. ~ ..,. 0 !II
::> J .:: ·~
~k -1: ""' .., ""'
. ._ ., ,.. ., ·~ - ; ·-~
••. J '.) -~
.... c .{;
'::l " D _, v .....
.J 'f 0 -1: a N z t ,_ ~ "- .,
i _, .,, ,,
.J ~ .,, !: .J
'l' " f)
... ~ s ..J <t ... < ... :t -' 1-· :z '"" <" \,;; :;') (£·
z ... (} ~- r -1: - :_i "" :.
-" "' z <
"" (,.·~ a ,_ :.1 ,, ~ c ,... "' ~.r
~ I ... .:: 0 I u.
" I (f '/': :" -.; ;"")
I L• ~
I .;,. 0 \.,...,
I ... 0 I ~ : ... 0 C\. I. : .. ..,. I ..; :\1 n .. I 0 ,._ .X z
·~ I 0 <::' l"l 0 > I .., :- z .... I c
< I L' ... ... ~ ~- r, ~ (f. ..:: ,..
!': 0 1/: c: c 0 t- U! c· ~ o.; z u ct ~ ... ;.J z ~
I z u. :'" i ... .... ~ ~ \.:: c :J v c::. Cl: z < L' ... .J ... :.:: ..: I f >
u 7 •.') "' .... IJ D ,.,
.:-s IJ
c{ ~
·~ 7: l, ~ :J.' .... < - ~ •j
r :J lJ t:)
..J ., :r 'J. :l: < . ...,
3 ::J .J ~ z 0 :E
•\Jjfi:'t.CT FOr~ "liiTJl·:~:: k.f".:' j ~. r·J J («'_; u .. :H.t<"li:~f::J l:¥ ;.>-lJ;,'<·H~ :..::uP-<<~ LtN lti;:(;, r·lulle <:.'J, l'j]'JI
EA ~ T 1; I C. ( J( I ·l o :> r-. J n • ) 'J '"· :.~ c l r· r :.; I 11.1 IT UvL.. I~ 1, .j.j .I I • :, :.. I 'J '-'
NcJ •<1 d I ·~ G ( Y ) : f: 0 I l'o (J • ) 0 I ~~ •· T r.:': ~; L l'J\, I TuJ<:': : -t•t• ;c.7 ~c.. l:.o·}2 Cu II A ill Ai~(.t: 14A T 1-i IX --1\-- --Y--
(j;., IIIU\H. T IH L ltf I r,Hl : .J~: ~· • L1 f'l f) ·:,r ,., F <; ; ~- L! ' I l II L rl L !-.,, 111· -I .... Jo "LIRt:S 0.339~JI2~0-~~. OoJJa~l~d~U-OS
DC.:FLE<. I I UN CCl'-'l'fl~IF"~Il S ;>. 0 <Tr·r t·Hir, ( N 11: Hl); -l.u S~CJN~j (L_Ajl) o • . LJ.:...:l~do.>-05 Oo5J.l:..o\4o.W-04
MtkiLJIAN t:lJ;jVLilGENCE f)
f· » cl.\.1 TU
KNOIHtl l KNOwN~
~ c~ • ~~ ~ nQJNl SCALE,FALTC~ : u.yy':)~121
G'l I:> .'\ .~ 1.'-IU T l'i ,:;r<lll ui::.lA .• L.:.o A k C T U C 1-iU ~ iJ
206 :1 12. 12 2:.>0.4.:>u 0 0 - o. 00
L I IlL $CAL£
lio99>~9120
OD 0\
AH~fnA~T FOR ST~liU~: 1<'.1 H) 'd·J? (I\': JC::TI::tHINt:O IIY 1-'h.Jli,.A:Iol <,;LLI-'A\1 IJN wC:Uo f•'-"'• ~do &o;.7~)
1:'4. :> T I'•" ( .q ~0~5~0o)UV ~[T~r~ LA T J TlJoJI. '01:>. JU Ji,). ~ ~.>t. 0 7
NUt.lHli~C. (Y) : ~I'IOCl"l'le•)OQ ;lf_Tr.r·c 1_ro "''' 1 r u;lt; : - oo ~IJ l.J~J.J5 L~VA~IANCE MATRIX --x-- --v--ul1111.J'-Ii..:TfHC HE:IGHT : 312.0\iO N"li'!::•; ::>COl 1!\L lil:.J·.~tiT -.J.~JO •"LTK1:5 J.30J~71~2J-~4 -Co~303~YB7J-05
OC:i~L FC T Jl,t• C UMPONI.: •HS
fooiU•I :JI 1\N CUNVC:F<GEt1CF"
Frnt-4
KN:JWN2
t<t,)'fiN2
2o0 SfCC~lJS H<I>HIO; -loU ~tCu~u~ l~A~T) -u.230.J~~87J-05 Uo55521o~4~-U4
0 2 ,, • 0 9 ~~~~~ ~l.ALE FALJUR : 0. ·~9., :11.!0
Tll G!'IIl fi 1~1~1Ulll "'I-! I U D I :., T A H;:
1005 I ~<1 ?3 55.1~ 3o8. 1 H
I< l~iJ'IIN I l(;. 3 l:'ol~ <!;jUo4;,1.)
Ai-<L lO L.tiultiJ
0 0 -0.00
"' 0 o.oo
Lli•;:_ ::il.ALE:
'-'·""'"'~120
Vo.,9':191.20
QD ....
88
5. ERROR MESSAGES
GEOPAN will print various error messages in the event that
errors are encountered in the input data. This feature simplifies the
debugging of the punched input deck. These error messages are listed
below with some explanation of the possible causes and remedies in the
event that they do occur.
The only event in which a system error should occur is when
an error occurs when attempting to read data. This would be caused for
example by reading a character in Fl0.3 FORMAT. When this occurs however,
the system· causes the culprit card image to be printed before program
termination. Thus the remedy will be clear in these cases.
Any other error which may occur should be one of the following
GEOPAN error messages. (The XXXX's stand for specific information which
will be printed).
~** INPUT ERROR # 002 *** CODE # XXX on SECOND DATA CARD IS OUT OF
ACCEPTABLE RANGE
Cause: One of the numbers punched on the codes card is not one of
those specifying a legal option
Remedy: Change the culprit.
*** INPUT ERROR # 003 *** EXPECTING TO READ - FIXED - BUT FOUND -XXXXXXXX -
Cause: Fixed stations were specified on the codes card but the FIXED
card was not found where it should have been
Remedy: Include the FIXED section, or put it in the proper sequence in the
input deck.
89
*** INPUT ERROR # 004 *** EXPECTING TO READ - WEIGHTED - BUT FOUND
-xxxxxxxx-
cause: Similar to # 003
Remedy: Similar to # 003
*** INPUT ERROR # 006 .*.** EXPECTING TO READ - BLAHA - BUT FOUND
-xxxxxxxx-
Cause: Similar to # 003
Remedy: Similar to # 003
*** INPUT ERROR # 008 *** OBSERVATION NO. XXXX IS FIRST AND POSSIBLY THE
ONLY DIRECTION IN A BUNDLE, SHOULD HAVE CODE 2 NOT -2
Cause: A direction which is first in a bundle has observation code -2
(columns 4 and 5 of the observation card). Since it is -2
(signifying the last direction in a bundle) it must be the only
direction in a bundle. A one direction bundle is meaningless
and GEOPAN will not accept them.
Remedy: Remove the culprit or correct the observation cards.
*** INPUT ERROR # 009 *** IN INPUT OF A PRIORI INFORMATION MATRIX ELEMENTS;
ZERO DIAGONAL ELEMENT ENCOUNTERED.
Cause: Probably a mispunched card or a misunderstanding of how the matrix
is input on punched cards.
Remedy: Re-read the corresponding part of Chapter 2. The matrix is printed
before termination so that a direct comparison can be made with the
cards read.
*** INPUT ERROR # 010 *** SINGULARITY ENCOUNTERED IN NORMAL EQUATIONS
IN POSITION (XXXX, XXXX)
90
Cause: A singularity encountered in the normal equations is detected
during the computation of the Choleski Square root. Since all
stations are previously checked that they are determinable, a
singularity at this stage is a severe ill-condition caused by
observation geometry eg. a poor intersection angle.
Remedy: The geometry will probably have to be altered or more observations
added to better define the culprit station.
***INPUT ERROR #011 ***STATION XXXXXXXX IS BOTH FIXED AND WEIGHTED ..•
ONLY ONE OF THESE OPTIONS MAY BE CHOSEN FOR ANY ONE STATION
Cause: The reference station is both in the list for fixed stations
and weighted stations. GEOPAN considers that the user overlooked
this fact and that it is not what was desired. Program execution
is terminated.
Remedy: Fix or weight the station, not both.
*** INPUT ERROR # 012 *** STATION XXXXXXXX IS BOTH WEIGHTED AND BLAHA
HELD •.• ONLY ONE OF THESE OPTIONS MAY BE CHOSEN FOR ANY ONE STATION
Cause: Similar to # 011
Remedy: Similar to # 011
***INPUT ERROR*** STATION XXXXXXXX IS BOTH FIXED AND BLAHA HELD ..•.
ONLY ONE OF THESE OPTIONS MAY BE CHOSEN FOR ANY ONE STATION
Note: This error should be numbered # 013. This will be done in the near
future.
Cause: Similar to # 011
Remedy: Similar to # 011
*** INPUT ERROR # 014 *** THE NUMBER OF DEGREES OF FREEDOM IS XXXXX; MUST
BE NON-NEGATIVE.
Cause: Negative degrees of freedom. This is a severe error since the
normal equations will be sinaular.
91
Remedy: Include more constraints; either in the form of observations
_or in the form of fixed, weighted or Blaha stations.
*** INPUT ERROR # 015 *** OBSERVED SLOPE DISTANCE BETWEEN STATIONS
XXXXXXXX AND XXXXXXXX IS LESS THAN THE HEIGHT DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
THE TWO STATIONS.
Cause: Probably mispunched distance card. This error may also occur
when a near vertical line is observed. In this case simply
remove that distance observation since it will add nothing to
the planimetric accuracy of the stations.
Remedy: Correct or remove the corresponding distance observation card.
*** INPUT ERROR # 016 *** CODE FOR OBSERVATION NO. XXXX IS NOT ACCEPTABLE,
MUST BE 1, 2, 3, 4 or -2
Cause: Mispunched observation card.
chapter 2.
(The code is in column 5). See
Remedy: Correct the corresponding observation card.
*** INPUT ERROR # 017 *** OBSERVATION NO. XXXX HAS BEEN GIVEN A ZERO
STANDARD DEVIATION: CHECK INPUT FACTORS, IF ANY.
Cause: Mispunched observation card.
Remedy: Correct the corresponding card.
*** INPUT ERROR # 018 *** DISTANCE OBSERVATION NO. XXXX IS ZERO.
Cause: Mispunched distance observation card. This error will not occur
for preanalysis cases.
Remedy: Correct the corresponding distance observation card.
92
*** INPUT ERROR # 019 *** OBSERVATION NO. XXXX HAS DEGREES, MINUTES OF
SECONDS OUT OF ACCEPTABLE RANGE.
Cause: Mispunched observation card for directions, angles or azimuths.
Legal values are:
0.0 < degrees < 359.0
0.0 < minutes < 59.0
0.0 < seconds < 60.0
Remedy: Correct the corresponding card
*** INPUT ERROR # 020 *** A FACTOR FOR STANDARD DEVIATIONS OF OBSERVATIONS
IS ZERO OR NEGATIVE
Cause: An input factor for standard deviations was input as zero or
negative. Only positive (non-zero) values are acceptable.
Remedy: Correct the factors card.
*** INPUT ERROR # 021 *** SPECIFIC OPTIONS WEP~ REQUESTED FOR CONVERGENCE,
CONFIDENCE, CENTERING OR MISCLOSURES BUT DATA CARD WITH THESE
VALUES WAS NOT FOUND
Cause: At least one of these options was selected on the codes card
but the CRITERIA card was not found in its proper place.
Remedy: Correct the situation by not requesting the option(s) on the
codes card or by adding the CRITERIA cards.
*** INPUT ERROR # 023 *** OPTION TO READ FACTORS FOR OBSERVATION STANDARD
DEVIATIONS WAS SELECTED BUT DATA CARD WITH THESE VALUES WAS NOT
FOUND
Cause: Similar to # 021
Remedy: Similar to # 021
93
*** INPUT ERROR # 025 *** EXPECTING TO READ - STATIONS - BUT FOUND
-XXXXXXXX- PROBABLE CAUSE: IMPROPER SEQUENCE OF INPUT DATA
Cause: The STATIONS card was to be read at this point but -XXXXXXXX
was found instead.
Remedy: Correct sequence or structure of the input deck (see Chapters 2
and 3)
*** INPUT ERROR # 027 *** EXPECTING TO READ - OBSERVAT(IONS) - BUT FOUND
-XXXXXXXX- PROBABLE CAUSE: IMPROPER SEQUENCE OF INPUT DATA
Cause: Similar to # 025
Remedy: Similar to # 025
*** INPUT ERROR # 029 *** END OF DATA ENCOUNTERED WHILE READING STATION
NAMES FOR SH1ULTANEOUS ELLIPSES
Cause: Possibly the last card with station names for the simultaneous
subset does not have -9 punched in columns 1 and 2
Remedy: Correct the SIMULTANEOUS section of the input deck. See
Chapter 3.
*** INPUT ERROR # 030 *** EXPECTING TO READ - SIMULTAN(EOUS) - BUT
FOUND -xxxxxxxx-
Cause: Simultaneous ellipses option was selected on the codes card
but the SIMULTANEOUS section of the input deck was not found
in its proper place
Remedy: Either do not select the simultaneous option on the codes card
or include the SIMULTANEOUS section in its proper place.
94
*** INPUT ERROR # 031 *** STATION XXXXXXXX IS NOT DETERMINED; MORE
OBSERVATIONS REQUIRED.
Cause: The observations input which include the station mentioned are
not sufficient to determine the position of that station.
Remedy: Include more observations from or to that station
*** INPUT ERROR # 032 FIXED WEIGHTED OR BLAHA STATION XXXXXXXX IS NOT
PROPERLY TIED TO NETWORK: MORE OBSERVATIONS ARE REQUIRED.
Cause: The fixed, weighted or Blaha station has no observations to or
from it in order to tie it to. the network.
Remedy: Include the missing observation(s)
*** INPUT ERROR # 033 THERE IS NO POSITION CONSTRAINT: MUST BE AT LEAST
1 FIXED, WEIGHTED OR BLAHA STATION.
Cause: Position constraint in the form of at least 1 fixed, weighted or
Blaha station is required since GEOPAN does not yet use inner
constraints
Remedy: Include the fixed, weighted or Blaha information as required.
*** INPUT ERROR # 034 THERE ARE NO ORIENTATION OR SCALE CONSTRAINTS: WITH
ONLY 1 FIXED, WEIGHTED OR BLAHA STATION BOTH A DISTANCE AND AN AZIMUTH
OBSERVATION MUST BE GIVEN.
Cause: No orientation or scale constraints on the network. Normal
equations are singular in this case.
Remedy: Include the required constraints either in the form of observations
or in the form of fixed, weighted or Blaha stations.
95
*** INPUT ERROR # 035 *** THERE IS NO SCALE CONSTRAINT: WITH ONLY 1
FIXED, WEIGHTED OR BLAHA STATION, AT LEAST 1 DISTANCE OBSERVATION
MUST BE GIVEN
Cause: Similar to # 034
Remedy: Similar to # 034
*** INPUT ERROR # 036 *** THERE IS NO ORIENTATION CONSTRAINT. WITH ONLY
1 FIXED, WEIGHTED OR BLAHA STATION, AT LEAST ONE AZIMUTH OBSERVATION
MUST BE GIVEN.
Cause: Similar to # 034
Remedy: Similar to # 034
*** INPUT ERROR # 037 *** NO INPUT DATA FOUND
Cause: Input deck was not found
Remedy: Include input deck
*** INPUT ERROR # 038 *** INCOMPLETE INPUT DATA
Cause: All of the input deck was not found •.
Remedy: Include a complete input deck (See Chapters 2 and 3).
*** INPUT ERROR # 039 *** END OF INPUT DATA FOUND WHILE ATTEMPTING TO
READ FIXED STATION NAMES
Cause: Less station names in the FIXED section of the input were supplied
than the number stated on the codes card.
Re~edy: Correct number on the codes card or include all names of stations
which are to be fixed
96
*** INPUT ERROR # 040 *** END OF INPUT DATA FOUND WHILE ATTEMPTING TO
READ WEIGHTED STATION NAMES
Cause: Similar to # 039
Remedy: Similar to # 039
*** INPUT ERROR # 041 *** END OF INPUT DATA FOUND WHILE ATTE}~TING TO
READ BLAHA STATION NAMES
Cause: Similar to # 039
Remedy: Similar to # 039
*** INPUT ERROR # 042 *** STATION NAME XXXXXXXX READ IN A SET FOR
SIMULTANEOUS ELLIPSES IS NOT ONE OF THOSE IN THE NETWORK.
Cause: Probably a mispunched station name in the SIMULTANEOUS section
of the input deck.
Remedy: Correct the card or cards in this section.
*** INPUT ERROR # 043 *** STATION NAME XXXXXXXX APPEARS AT LEAST TWICE
IN A SET FOR SIMULTANEOUS ELLIPSES
Cause: Repetition of a station name in the SIMULTANEOUS section of the
input deck
Remedy: Include each station only once.
*** ERROR # 044 *** PROGRAM TERMINATION DUE TO SOLUTION DIVERGENCE:
CHECK INPUT DATA
Cause: Divergence may be caused by poor approximate coordinates,
blunders in observations or in ill conditioned networks.
Remedy: Check for the above causes and make the necessary changes.
97
*** INPUT ERROR # 045 *** STATION NAME REFERENCED AS WEIGHTED WAS NOT
FOUND AMONG THOSE INPUT WITH APPROXINATE COORDINATES
Cause: Probably a mispunched station name either in the STATIONS
section or in the WEIGHTED section of the input deck
Remedy: Correct the corresponding card{s).
*** INPUT ERROR # 046 *** STATION NAME REFERENCED AS HAVING BLAHA
INFORNATION WAS NOT FOUND AMONG THOSE WITH APPROXINATE COORDINATES
Cause: Similar to # 045
Remedy: Similar to # 045
*** INPUT ERROR # 047 *** STATION NAME REFEP£NCED AS BEING HELD FIXED
WAS NOT FOUND AMONG THOSE INPUT WITH APPROXINATE COORDINATES
Cause: Similar to # 045
Remedy: Similar to # 045
*** INPUT ERROR # 048 *** OBSERVATION NO. XXXX REFERENCES STATION XXXXXXXX
WHICH CANNOT BE FOUND AMONG THOSE INPUT WITH THE APPROXINATE COORDINATES.
Cause: Similar to # 045
Remedy: Similar to # 045
*** INPUT ERROR # 049 *** STATIONS XXXX AND XXXX(AS THEY WERE READ IN)
HAVE THE SAME NAME, NAMELY: XXXXXXXX
Cause: Identical station names given to the two referenced stations
Remedy: Give each station a unique name.
98
*** INPUT ERROR # 050 *** STATION NO. XXXX (AS IT WAS READ IN) HAS NO NAME
Cause: Columns alloted to the station name on the referenced approximate
coordinates card (in the STATIONS section of the input deck)
are blank.
Remedy: Give the station a name. (Station names may not consist entirely
of blanks).
*** INPUT ERROR # 051 *** SINGULARITY ENCOUNTERED IN THE INPUT MATRIX
FOR WEIGHTED STATIONS; POSITION (XXXX, XXXX)
Cause: Probably a mispunched card in the WEIGHTED section for the input
information ~trix for these stations
Remedy: Correct the input matrix data.
*** INPUT ERROR # 052 *** SINGULARITY ENCOUNTERED IN THE INPUT J11ATP.IX
FOR BUUIA STATIONS; POSITION (XXXX, XXXX)
Cause: Similar to # 051
Remedy: Similar to # 051
Hopefully these error messages printed by GEOPAN along with
some warning messages will make the program easier to use. Should a
system error occur other than the one mentioned at the beginning of
this chapter, the user should contact the author since such errors
(although they should not occur) will be severe.
99
6. TECHNICAL DETAILS
The objective of this chapter is to give the basics of how
GEOPAN operates. Details are only given where no
reference on the particular topic was immediately available to the
author. Most details of the theory and mechanics of computations
are found in the cited references.
First, in order that the user might find the way around in
the program itself, a road map of subroutines connected by CALL
statements is given in Figure 6.1 in the form of a subroutine calling
tree. All of the major subroutines are shown on this figure. A simplified
flowchart of GEOPAN is shown in Figure 6.2. Since all the major
operations are indicated in this flowchart, details of the program will
be given by moving through it and describing them on the way.
The first thing GEOPAN does is read the input data deck and
store the corresponding information. Most of the details of which
matrices, vectors or variables contain which data is given in the program
listing documentation in Appendix B. Details of the ith row of the
matrix AP are given in Table 6-1 where,
X. is the easting, l.
Y. is the northing, l.
H. is the orthometric height l.
N~ is the ellipsoid-geoid separation (geoid height) l.
~i is the north component of the deflection of the vertical in arc-
seconds
ni is the east component of the deflection of the vertical in arc-
seconds
ASAZ
GVERT
PLHXYZ
~ QUMUL ~
SDADIS SDAAZM
~f~ PROINF
I ~
REDISl
REDIRl
REANGl
REDAZl
7TOELPS ERREL ~
PRIT
SIGST
/ SPTPL ~
TMXYPL ELTSP
STATS
TMSFMC
T
FIGURE 6.1
K.DIV
ABSTR
~ TKTM TKSTER
~ MAIN TO PLAN ::----------__ ~FILOOR DE
NAM:: ~ CEN~RR
X ~ELEBM
ELE!ID
CHEK
XSIN
/ SINO
z/1~xoos DIST DIRN ANGL AZIM
W\IEC NORM
Subroutine Calling Tree for GEOPAN.
...... 0 0
Read Input
Data Deck
Generate Sequence Numbers and Check Data
Generate Codes for Space Optimization
Compute Standard Deviations of Observations and Station Infornation
to Observatio from Ellipsoid to Mapping Plane
lOl
Check Determination of Network
Form Normal ~------~Equations &
Constant Vector
Solve system via the Choleski Hethod
Update Coordinates
Compute Residuals
FIGURE 6.2 General Flowchart for GEOPAN
Check Residuals For Rejection
Compute Some Statistics and Tests
Compute Error
Ellipses
102
N. is the radius of curvature of the ellipsoid in the prime 1
vertical plane,
M. is the radius of curvature of the ellipsoid in the meridian 1
plane,
~i is the ellipsoidal latitude in radians
A. is the ellipsoidal longitude in radians (positive east of 1
Greenwich),
k. is the point scale factor and 1
yi is the meridian convergence in radians at the ith station.
The information in columns 1 - 6 of AP is read; that in
columns 7 - 12 computed.
Column #
Contents
1
X. 1
2 3
H. 1
4
N~ 1
5 6 7
N. 1
8
M. 1
9 10 11
k. 1
Table 6-1 Contents of the ith row of the Matrix AP
12
The next operation is the generation of sequence numbers and
checking of the input data. Then codes are generated for space
optimization. For each row of the design matrix (internally a six
column matrix) column numbers are assigned to each element. These
column-numbers are the numbers of the columns in which the corresponding
elements would have been if the matrix were of its theoretical dimension.
Besides this, a vector is created in which the row number of the highest
non-zero element in each column of the normal equation matrix is stored.
Thus the system is solved using a variable band-width although no
103
optimization is done concerning the minimum area or height of the band.
Next, standard deviations of the observations are computed.
If no centering errors were specified all this entails is the computation
of the distance standard deviations taking into account the parts per
million contribution as;
2 . 2 1/2 cr . = (cr + (PPM • D~stance) )
D1stance
where cr is the standard deviation of the distance (not including the
parts per million contribution) as was read in columns 41 - 50 on the
observation card. PPM is the number of parts per million as read in
columns 51 - 60.
If centering errors were specified their contribution to
the standard deviations of observations are added (as the reader may
confirm from the geometry and simple error propagation) such that:
for distances;
for directions; (p = 206 264.81)
0 = ( 2 + 2 (p.Cent)2)1/2 0 Direction
for angles;
(J =
s .. 1J
104
for azimuths;
a
where, Cent is the corresponding centering error read in,
S .. is the distance between stations i and j and, ~J
a , a , and a . h are those read from the data direction angle az~mut
cards.
At this stage the information contained in the matrix AP, as
was previously discussed, is computed and stored. Then the title page
and initial coordinates are printed.
The next operations are the reductions to observations. First
the observations are reduced from the terrain to the ellipsoid, then
from the ellipsoid to the terrain. For detail of equations and
procedures of reducing observations the reader is referred to reference
I 5] from which all equations were taken for GEOPAN.
Checking the determination of the network, i.e. checking to
see if all stations are defined by the observations, is done next.
This is done by simply counting the observations to and from each station
[ 3 ] . Next the normal equations and constant vector [ 4 ] are formed
and the system solved by the Choleski method [ 4]. At this stage any
singularities are detected by computing the "Googe number" [ 3] for each
row of the normal equations.
Checking for convergence is done by simply comparing the
absolute value of the solution vector elements to the convergence
criterion.
105
Checking for divergence is done by comparing the absolute
values of the elements of the present solution vector with the
corresponding ones of the previous iteration. If any element of the
vector increases in absolute value in any one iteration and if these
values are greater than the convergence criterion, a counter is increased
by unity. If two such occurences are detected, program execution is
terminated with an appropriate error message.
If convergence is reached the adjusted coordinates and
residuals are printed. The residuals are then checked for rejection
using the specified criterion I6 ]. A summary of the computation of the
degrees of freedom is given, including a count of the different types
of observations and unknown parameters. The 'A..2 test on the variance
factor is performed [ 6].
Next, error ellipses [ 6] are computed and printed. The
covariance matrix of the parameters is printed if requested. Finally
station abstracts are printed if the option was selected.
For a description of the theory behind Blaha stations see
reference [ 1 ]. The computational algorithm used for computing the
correction to the covariance matrix (of the parameters) for Blaha
stations is not efficient. Instead of allocating more space for the
consequent additional matrices needed for Blaha station computations,
some computations are repeated. A more efficient algorithm is needed
here.
The so-called weighted stations are treated as observations
of coordinates. The observation equation for the input coordinates
of these stations is written as;
106
X- X = 0 obs
where X represents the unknown parameter associated with the particular
station and X b the "observed value" or the value from another 0 s
adjustment which has an associated covariance matrix. These observation
equations are treated exactly the same as those for distances, directions
angles and azimuths. Although the corresponding portions of the design
matrix and the misclosure vector are not explicitly created in GEOPAN
these contributions are added to the normal equations and constant
vector respectively in each iteration. At the time of writing this
manual however, the corresponding residuals are not tested for rejection,
nor are they printed. They ~ used in the computation of the degrees
of freedom and the estimated variance factor.
For fixed stations corresponding columns of the design matrix
are eliminated thus reducing the size of the normal equations to be
solved.
At the time of writing this manual an insufficient amount of
computer runs were made to give any definite figures on run times and
costs of adjustments using GEOPAN.
107
REFERENCES
[1] Chamberlain, c. (1977) Mathematical Models for Horizontal Geodetic Networks, Technical Report No. 43, Dept of Surveying Engineering, U.N.B., Fredericton, N.B., Canada
[2] Pope, A. (1976) The Statistics of Residuals and Detection of Outliers, NOAA Technical Report NOS 65 NGS 1.
[3] Schwarz, c. (1978) TRAVlO Horizontal Network Adjustment Program, NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS NGS-12.
[4] Steeves, P. (1974) Least Squares Adjustment of Horizontal Control on a Mapping Plane, MScE (SE) Thesis, Dept. of Surveying Engineering, U.N.B., Fredericton, N.B., Canada
[5] Thomson, D.; Krakiwsky, E.; Adams, J. (1978) A Manual for Geodetic Position Computations in the Maritime Provinces, Technical Report No.52, Dept. of Surveying Engineering, U.N.B., Fredericton, N.B., Canada
{6] Vanicek, P. and E. Krakiwsky (in prep) Concepts of Geodesy, Book manuscript, Dept. of Surveying Engineering, U.N.B., Fredericton, N.B., Canada.
APPENDIX A
Job Control Language
A-1
A-2
A. Job Control Language
Figure A.l shows the JCL required for a typical execution of
GEOPAN.
The program has the following limits on network size:
Number of stations (total: 60
Number of fixed stations: 30
Number of weighted stations: 30
Number of Blaha stations: 30
Number of Observations: 300
UNNERSITY OF NEW BRUNSWICK - COMPUTER CODING FORM PAGE -- OF ---
PROGRAMMER - DATE-
PROBLEM-
1 12 1 31 •I ~I &I 71 a 1 9IIOI" liZ IIlii• hs ha h7 !ralll ~0~1 !zziD~·~~Iz&lv lzal291:soi3J j3zlnl3•13sp&l3713al"loolo'l•zl43144l45l•&l•71•el49ll'ID Jl!ioZ I 53 1M 1:15 ls&I57I5BI59 i-oi&JI&zla3la•)as ~)67)ulal7ol7r l1zln l7•l75lralni7Bin~ V'lle:riEloi£i ~iiVi l I l:rlolsl I It l:tl'\ I .... lsi" 111-lRIE.JsJro_lals.Jc..ll:-1:
~x\P\~s~~~~\a\&lallltt~ k :r1;,p, P A 1tP\~. IM I 1111111 l~:lrl~lcJ lFiol~tiTI"It7l_lrJah>lc:.lrJ .. Idd~">I1'1AlNIIRi~l .. :slll:t..IK 1!1!1sl-rlJ,IJJ J I loloLJ lloi.,I,Jalsl ll"'lr..bllc;l\41.1 'II,. ll.J~.:.Islalsb-1 IP ll:isk>la.lsi~IR VVtsl'J'ls.l:diVI I I I lolol I I 1-t. 1-tJ.,,U ... It I I..J ~ ! I .!.I e.. I~ I ~1 .. 1 i I bl....l! lr llJ.i_ hlJ.tl I~
ILIL I I I I l
I
I I I I I I I I I i I I I I
i I H-t I I I I I I .LLUH-
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I j I I I I I 1-++1-t-1-+-t-H-1-+++-H+ I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I l
FIGURE. A-:-1: Sample .. J:CL .. ;fQr .. I.T$ing _13eop9-i1"'
:r w