KLINGERSIL® C-4400Aramid fibres bonded with NBR.Resistant to oils, water, steam,gases, salt solutions, fuels,alcohols, moderate organic andinorganic acids, hydrocarbons,

lubricants and refrigerants.

A Universal Material for

Safe and ReliableSealing

The global leader in static sealing

The many, varied demandsplaced on gasketsA common perception is that thesuitability of a gasket for anygiven application depends uponthe maximum temperature andpressure conditions. This is notthe case.

Maximum temperature andpressure values alone can notdefine a material’s suitability foran application. These limits aredependent upon a multiplicity offactors as shown in the diagramopposite. It is always advisable to consider these factors whenselecting a material for a givenapplication.

*Gaskets according to DIN 2690 are only standardised up to PN 40 and gasket thickness 2 mm.

Selecting gaskets with pT diagramsThe Klinger pT diagram providesguidelines for determining thesuitability of a particular gasketmaterial for a specific applicationbased on the operatingtemperature and pressure only.

Additional stresses such asfluctuating load may significantlyaffect the suitability of a gasket in the application and must beconsidered separately. Alwaysrefer to the chemical resistanceof the gasket to the fluid.

In area one, the gasketmaterial is normally suitablesubject to chemicalcompatibility

In area two, the gasketmaterials may be suitable but atechnical evaluation isrecommended.

In area three, do not installthe gasket without a technicalevaluation.

Areas of Application

Klinger Hot and ColdCompression Test MethodThe Klinger Hot CompressionTest was developed by Klingeras a method to test the loadbearing capabilities of gasketmaterials under hot and coldconditions.

In contrast to the BS 7531and DIN 52913 tests, the KlingerCompression test maintains aconstant gasket stressthroughout the entire test. This subjects the gasket to moresevere conditions.

Temperatures up to 300°Care then applied and theadditional thickness decrease ismeasured.This simulates thefirst start up phase.

The thickness decrease ismeasured at an ambient tempe-rature of 23°C after applying thegasket load.This simulates assembly.

The diagram showsadditional thickness decrease at temperature

5060708090100

203040

010

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

100 150 200 250 300 350 400

10 0 50

0

Temperature °CStress MPa

Hot F

low

%

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Hot F

low

%

KLINGERSIL C-4400®

Maximum permissible surfacepressure σBO under operatingconditions acc. DIN 28090 – 1The maximum surface pressure underoperating conditions is the maximumallowable surface pressure on theeffective gasket area under serviceconditions that can be applied to thegasket before unacceptable relaxationof the flanged joint occurs and/or thegaskets are destroyed.

The diagram above shows this values for different gasketthicknesses.

Min. surface pressure σVUfor tightness classes L = 1.0, L = 0.1 and L = 0.01 in accordance to DIN 28090The minimum surface pressure is theminimum surface pressure that shouldbe applied to the gasket to achievethe necessary tightness requirements.

The value must be sufficient tocompress the material into the flangeimperfections, reduce the materialsporosity and also counteract therelease of load due to the internalpressure.

The diagrams below show theminimum gasket stress required toachieve the relevant tightness classesas a function of thickness.

Minimum surface pressure σBUfor tightness class L= 0.1The three dimensional diagram belowdescribes the behaviour of 2 mmgasket material with respect to theminimum surface pressure to achievea tightness class of L = 0.1 under awide range of temperatures andinternal pressures. It clearly showsthat the minimum surface pressuredecreases at elevated temperatures –the gasket will seal at lower loadsunder these conditions.

0

20

50

40

30

70

60

80

10 20 30 50

0.5 mm

1.0 mm

1.5 mm

2.0 mm

3.0 mm00

0

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50

40

30

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10 20 30 40 50

0.5 mm

1.0 mm

1.5 mm

2.0 mm

3.0 mm00

0

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0.5 mm

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100

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0

100 200 300 400

0,5 00 mm

3,0 33 mm

Modulus of elasticity ED inaccordance to DIN 28090This diagram outlines the modulus ofelasticity compared to the surfaceload. The curves describe thebehaviour at ambient temperatureand at 200°C.

0

40

100

80

60

140

120

160

20

0

1000 3000 5000 7000 9000 11000

28°C

200°C

KLINGERSIL C-4400®

Tightness class L= 0.1 allows a maximum leakage of

0.1 mg nitrogen per second per meterof gasket length (mg/s x m)

KLINGERSIL C-4400Flanged joint integrity

Important points to be observedWith heightened awareness of safetyand environmental issues, reducingleaks from flanged assemblies hasbecome a major priority for industry.It is therefore important for com-panies who use gaskets to choose thecorrect material for the job and installand maintain it correctly to ensureoptimum performance.

A flanged joint will remain tightas long as the surface pressure inservice is higher than the minimumsurface pressure required to achievethe necessary levels of tightnessbut is lower than the maximumpermissible surface pressure.Butincreasingly high demands on thetightness requirements for flangedjoints (e.g. Tightness class L 0.1 inaccordance with DIN 28090)necessitate the application of highloads on the gasket material in orderto meet these stringent requirements.

If the gasket is to be subjected to non-static loading and stress fluctuations due to temperature and pressure cycling, it is advisableto select a gasket material which is less prone to embrittlement with increasing temperatures (e.g.KLINGERgraphite laminate,KLINGERtop-chem or KLINGERtop-sil). In cyclic loading conditions werecommend a minimum surfacestress of 30 MPa and that the gasketshould be as thin as is practicable.

For safety reasons never re-usegaskets.

Gasket load 15 MPa

Gasket load 25 MPa

Gasket load 35 MPa

2.62.42.22.01.81.61.41.21.00.80.60.40.2

5020

100

4060

80

100 150 200 250 300

00

Temperature °C Gas pressure bar

Leak

mg/

(sm

)

Leak

mg/

(sm

)2.62.42.22.01.81.61.41.21.00.80.60.40.2

2.62.42.22.01.81.61.41.21.00.80.60.40.2

5020

100

4060

80

100 150 200 250 300

00

Temperature °C Gas pressure bar

Leak

mg/

(sm

)

Leak

mg/

(sm

)2.62.42.22.01.81.61.41.21.00.80.60.40.2

2.62.42.22.01.81.61.41.21.00.80.60.40.2

5020

100

4060

80

100 150 200 250 300

00

Temperature °C Gas pressure bar

Leak

mg/

(sm

)

Leak

mg/

(sm

)2.62.42.22.01.81.61.41.21.00.80.60.40.2

High temperature tightnessHigh temperature tightness ismeasured by means of the KlingerHot Compression test under definedconstant gasket load and temperaturewith increasing internal pressuresusing nitrogen as test fluid.

Stabilisation time for eachreading is two hours and a new testspecimen is used for every gasketload and temperature.

The tightness is analysed with amassflow meter. The pressure iscontrolled by pressure controller.

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The following guidelines aredesigned to ensure the optimumperformance of our gasket materials:

1. Choosing the gasketThere are many factors which must be taken into account when choosinga gasket material for a given appli-cation including temperature,pressure and chemical compatibility. Please refer to the information givenin our brochure or, for advice to oursoftware program KLINGER ®expert. If you have any questions regardingthe suitability of material for a givenapplication please contact KlingerTechnical Department.

2. Gasket thicknessThe gasket should be as thin astechnically practical. To ensureoptimum performance a minimumthickness/width ratio of 1/5 is re-quired (ideally 1/10).

3. Flange condition Ensure all remains of old gasketmaterials are removed and the flangesare clean, in good condition andparallel.

4. Gasket compoundsEnsure all gaskets are installed in a dry state, the use of gasketcompounds is not recommended asthis has a detrimental effect on thestability and load bearing charac-teristics of the material. In itsuncompressed form the gasket canabsorb liquid, and this may lead tofailure of the gasket in service. To aidgasket removal Klinger materials arefurnished with a non sticking finish.

In difficult installationconditions, seperating agents such as dry sprays based on molybdenumsulphide or PTFE e.g. KLINGERflonspray, may be used, but only inminimal quantities. Make sure thatthe solvents and propellants arecompletely evaporated.

KLINGERSIL C-4400Installation instructions

5. Gasket DimensionsEnsure gasket dimensions are correct.The gasket should not intrude into thebore of the pipework and should beinstalled centrally.

6. BoltingWire brush stud/bolts and nuts

(if necessary) to remove any dirt onthe threads. Ensure that the nuts canrun freely down the thread before use.

Apply lubricant to the bolt andto the nut threads as well as to theface of the nut to reduce friction whentightening. We recommend the use of a bolt lubricant which ensures afriction coefficient of between 0.10 to0.14.

7. Joint AssemblyIt is recommended that the bolts aretightened using a controlled methodsuch as torque or tension, this willlead to greater accuracy andconsistency than using conventionalmethods of tightening. If using atorque wrench, ensure that it isaccurately calibrated.

For torque settings please referto the KLINGER ®expert or contact ourTechnical Department which will behappy to assist you.

Carefully fit the gasket intoposition taking care not to damagethe gasket surface.

When torquing, tighten bolts inthree stages to the required torque asfollows:

Finger tighten nuts. Carry outtightening, making at least threecomplete diagonal tighteningsequences i.e. 30%, 60% and 100%of final torque value. Continue withone final pass – torquing thebolts/studs in a clockwise sequence.

8. Retightening.Provided that the above guidelinesare followed retightening of thegasket after joint assembly shouldnot be necessary.

If retightening is considerednecessary, then this should only beperformed at ambient temperaturebefore or during the first start-upphase of the pipeline or plant.Retightening of compressed fibregaskets at higher operating tem-peratures and longer operating timesmay lead to a failure of the gasketconnection and possible blow out.

9. Re-useFor safety reasons never re-use agasket.

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KLINGERSIL C-4400Technical data

min50 MPa, 16h/ 175°C50 MPa, 16h/ 300°C40 MPa, 16h/ 300°Cthickness decrease at 23°Cthickness decrease at 300°C

DIN 28090-1VDI 2440DIN 28091-2DIN 28091-2DIN 28091-2DIN 28091-2DIN 28091-2 oil JRM 903: 5 h/150°Cfuel B: 5 h/23°C

ROA

ρD

1 kHz, ca.3 mm thickness1 kHz, ca.3 mm thickness

tightness class 0.1 mg/s x m

Typical valuesCompressibility ASTM F 36 JRecovery ASTM F 36 J Stress relaxation DIN 52913

Stress relaxation BS 7531Klinger cold/hot compression50 MPa Tightness according DIN 3535/6Tightness class LSpecific leakrate λCold compression Cold recoveryHot compression Hot recoverySpring back RThickness increase after fluid immersion ASTM F 146 DensityAverage surface resistanceAverage specific volume resistanceAverage dielectric strengthAverage power factorAverage dielectric coefficientThermal conductivityASME-Code sealing factorsfor gasket thickness 2,0 mm

11552825231020

0.020.1

1.64E-088 -12 3 - 5 < 15

10.019

35

1.63.6x10E101.4x10E10

240.147

9.70.40-0.42

203.5

%%

MPaMPaMPa

%%

mg/s x m

mbar x l/s x m% % %%

mm%%

g/cm3

ΩΩ cm

kV/mmtan δεr

W/mK

MPa ym

UsesHigh pressure gasket for universalapplications. Suitable for use withoils, water, steam, gases, salt solu-tions, fuels, alcohols, moderate organic and inorganic acids, hydro-carbons, lubricants and refrigerants,food industry. Outstandingperformance in many applications. Dimensions of the standard sheetsSizes:1000 x 1500 mm, 2000 x 1500 mm.Thicknesses:0.5 mm, 1.0 mm, 1.5 mm,2.0 mm, 3.0 mm;other thicknesses and sizes on request.Tolerances:thickness ±10%, length ± 50 mm,width ± 50 mm SurfacesKLINGERSIL® gasket materials aregenerally furnished with surfaces oflow adhesion. On request, graphitefacings and other surface finishes onone or both sides are also available.

A non coloured version for foodapplication with technically identicalvalues is named KLINGERSIL®

C-4400L. Function and durabilityThe performance and service life ofKLINGER gaskets depend in largemeasure on proper storage andfitting, factors beyond the manu-factor’s control. We can, however,vouch for the excellent quality of ourproducts.

With this in mind, please alsoobserve our installation instructions.

Tests and approvalsBAM approval in accordance withUVV 28, oxygen (VBG 62) tested upto 100 bar and 80°C. Approved for gas supply inaccordance with DIN 3535/6.DIN-DVGW-permit NG-5123AT0251,HTB tested. SVGW-permit, ÖVGW-permit, TÜV-Poland, KTW recommended, food tolerationAustria, WRC approval, Germanischer Lloyd, BS 7531 Grade Y.TA-Luft (Clean air) approval, tested inaccordance with VDI 2440 at 200°C.

KLINGER GmbHP.O. Box 1370 D-65503 IdsteinTel +49 (0) 6126 950–0Fax +49 (0) 6126 950340 / 950341e-mail: mail@klinger-gmbh.de http://www.klinger-gmbh.de

Subject to technical alterations. Issue: March 2004

Certified according to DIN EN ISO 9001:2000

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